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Tania Ochoa
Natalia Pulido
Felipe Morales
Angela Nieto
RESUMEN
A continuación, se mostrara cómo el Álgebra Lineal se ha
usado y viene usándose en la resolución de problemas
económicos al ser una gran herramienta en el desarrollo y
análisis de modelos económicos; Una economía es un
sistema muy complejo con muchas interrelaciones entre
sus diversos sectores y los bienes y servicios que se
producen y consumen. Determinar los precios óptimos y
los niveles de producción sujetos a las metas económicas
deseadas requiere modelos matemáticos. Este documento
presenta la aplicación del método de Gauss Jordán en el
análisis input-output que permiten la planificación y
desarrollo de pronósticos económicos.
INTRODUCCIÓN
Para dar solución a nuestro problema de aplicación
utilizaremos el método Gauss Jordan
TEMA DE Personas
APLICACIÓN Empresas
Gobierno
Empresas
Industrias
APPLICATION OF THE EXERCISE
• Considering three industries with the
given consumption in the after table, is
notable that, the articles produced by the Produced by (output)
services industry, 20% are consumed by
the services industry, 40% the electric Consumption Service Electrical Oil
industry and 10% oil industry. Therefore, by (input) industry
only 70% of the output of service
industry are consumed in this economy.
The implication of this calculus is that is Service 0.20 0.50 0.10
an excess of output over the input for the
services industry. It has been said that the
services industry is productive. Likewise, Electric 0.40 0.20 0.20
the oil industries is productive, but, the al
electric industry is not (This is reflected
in the fact that the sum of the first and Oil 0.10 0.30 0.30
third column, the result is less than 1, industry
nonetheless the sum of the second
column is equal to 1). The surplus of the
input can be applied to satisfy the
external demand.
• For example, suppose that there is an annual external demand (in
millions of dollars) of 10, 10 and 30 of the service, electrical and oil
industry, respectively. Thus by equating the expenses (internal demand,
external demand) with the output, we obtain the following equations:
Electrical y 0.4x+0.2y+0.2z 10
1 0 0 1420/23
0 1 0 1450/23
0 0 1 1810/23
Answer:
• x=1420/23=61.74
• y=1450/23=63.04
• z=1810/23=78.70
where the services, electrical, oil industries must have one yearly
production of $61.74, $63.04 and $78.70 (millions), respectively, to supply
the internal and external demands of their articles.
• Con este trabajo se espera haber mostrado
cómo el álgebra lineal está fuertemente vinculada
a los problemas económicos y resulta ser una
Conclusiones herramienta esencial para el tratamiento de
problemas en esta disciplina científica.