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HEAT CAPACITY
LATENT HEAT
ptC_heat .ppt
2
HEAT CAPACITY
LATENT HEAT
§17.5 p582
Heat
Heat capacity (specific heat capacity)
Phase changes
Conservation of energy
calorimetry
low temp
Solid - strong high pressure
intermolecular forces
5
T(t)
boiling
point
g
l /g
melting
point l
s s/l
Q(t)
mcsDT mLf mclDT mLv mcgDT
Phase changes deposition
Q= ± m LS 7
freezing condensation
T DT= Tf - Ti Tf
i
Mass of object m
Specific heat (capacity) c
heat
Q
Q m c DT
Q
DT
mc
NO phase change during temperature change
9
Specific heat Latent heats
Latent heat – phase change
Substance c (J.kg-1.K-1) (formation or breakage of chemical
bonds requires or releases energy)
Aluminum 910
Copper 390 Water - large values of latent heats at
atmospheric pressure
Ice 2100 Lf = 3.34x105 J.kg-1 (273 K)
Water 4190 Lv = 2.26x106 J.kg-1(373 K)
Steam 2010
You can be badly scolded
Air 1000
by steam – more
Soils / sand ~500 dangerous than an
equivalent amount of
boiling water WHY?
10
The circulation of air from a fan pushes water molecules away from
the skin more rapidly helping evaporation and hence cooling.
Solution
Identify / Setup
m = 70 kg c = 3500 J.kg-1.K-1 DT = (40 – 37) °C = 3 °C
Specific heat capacity Q = m c DT
Execute
Q = m c DT
= (70)(3500)(3) J = 7.4105 J
= 0.74 MJ Evaluate
16
Why is there a bigger difference between the max and min daily
temperatures at Campbelltown compared to Bondi?
CALORIMETRY PROBLEMS
Setup
All quantities are taken as positive in this method.
Conservation of energy
energy gained = energy lost
18
Problem C.3
Water 20 oC Water 5 oC
Q = m c DT Q=mL
20
mice = ? kg mwater = 4.00 kg
Lf = 3.34105 J.kg-1
21
Execute
T
ice
0 oC
t
mice cice DTice1 + mice Lf + mice cwater DTice2 = mwater cwater DTwater
(4)(4190)(15)
mice kg 0.67 kg
(2100)(10) (3.34 105 ) (4190)(5)
Evaluate
23
Problem C.4 June 2007 Exam Question (5 mark)
A sample of liquid water A and a sample of ice B of identical masses, are
placed in a thermally isolated container and allowed to come to thermal
equilibrium. The diagram below is a sketch of the temperature T of the
samples verses time t. Answer each of the following questions and justify
your answer in each case.
B
t
24
Solution
Identify / Setup
(2)
The ice reaches the freezing point first and the then the temperature
remains constant. As the water cools, the ice melts. The temperature
never rises above the freezing point, therefore, only part of the ice melts.
(3)
The temperature of the water falls to its freezing point and never falls
below this and hence it is most likely that no liquid freezes.
26
Y&F Example 17.10 What’s Cooking
Q
DT
mc