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3 La amortizacin
Cap. 3 La capitalizacin
Se considera un sistema de
amortizacin donde el prstamo
es,,devuelto en cuotas 1, 2, 3,
,,, no necesariamente iguales,
pagadas en periodos equi-espaciados;
la unidad de tiempo es el lapso entre
dos cuotas consecutivas, el origen del
tiempo es el momento del prstamo;
Perio
do
( )
(Pago Mensual ( )
(Inters ( )
Cuota de
capital
( )
Saldo de Capital
Vp
1 = 1 + 1
1 = 0 x
1 = 0 1
2 = 2 +2
2 = 1 x
1
2
n1
n-1 = n-1
+ (n-1)
n-1 = (n-2) x
(n-1)
n+= n + n
n = (n-1) x
n =(n-1) n
2 = 1
2
1)
Solucin
(Parmetros Valor del prstamo ( ):
S/.10,000, Nmero de pagos: 4 Pagos de
amortizacin de capital: S/.2,500, Tasa
de inters: 2% efectiva mensual.
Periodo (k)
Pago mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000
200 + 2,500 =
2,700
10,000 x 0.02
= 200
2,500
10,000 2,500
= 7,500
150 + 2,500 =
2,650
7,500 x 0.02 =
150
2,500
7,500 2,500
= 5,000
100 + 2,500 =
2,600
5,000 x 0.02 =
100
2,500
5,000 2,500
= 2,500
50 + 2,500 =
2,550
2,500 x 0.02 =
50
2,500
2,500 2,500
= 0
Ejemplo 2
Determinar el valor actual de la deuda para cada
periodo (V0, V1, V2, V3).
Pago
Inters (Ik)
mensual (Ak)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000
10,000/12 =
833.33
Pago
Inters (Ik)
mensual (Ak)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000
10,000x0.0166= 10,000/12 =
166.67
833.33
Pago
Inters (Ik)
mensual (Ak)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000.00
10,000x0.0166= 10,000/12 =
166.67
833.33
10,000-833.33=
9,166.67
Pago mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
Saldo de
capital (Vk) capital
10,000.00
833.33+166.67= 10,000x0.0166=
1,000
166.67
10,000/12 =
833.33
10,000-833.33=
9,166.67
Pago mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
Saldo de capital
capital (Vk)
10,000.00
833.33+166.67=
1,000
10,000x0.0166=
166.67
10,000/12 =
833.33
10,000-833.33
9,166.67
833.33+152.78=
986.11
9,166.67x0.0166= 10,000/12 =
152.78
833.33
12
847.22
Total
11,083.33
13.89
1,0833.33
833.33
10,000.00
9,166.67-833.33=
8,333.34
0.00
Pago
Inters (Ik)
mensual (Ak)
Cuota de capital
(Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000
926.35
Pago
Inters (Ik)
mensual (Ak)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000
926.35
10,000x0.0166=
166.67
Pago
Inters (Ik)
mensual (Ak)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000.00
926.35
10,000x0.0166= 926.35-166.67 =
166.67
759.68
Pago
mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de capital
10,000.00
926.35
Pago
mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000.00
926.35
10,000x0.0166=
166.67
926.35-166.67 = 10,000-759.68=
759.68
9,240.32
926.35
Pago
mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000.00
926.35
10,000x0.0166=
166.67
926.35-166.67 = 10,000-759.68=
759.68
9,240.32
926.35
9,240.32x0.0166=
154.01
1
2
Pago
mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000.00
926.35
10,000x0.0166=
166.67
926.35-166.67 = 10,000-759.68=
759.68
9,240.32
926.35
9,240.32x0.0166=
154.01
926.35-154.01=
772.34
1
2
Inters (Ik)
926.35
10,000x0.0166=
166.67
926.35
9,240.32x0.0166= 926.35-154.01=
154.01
772.34
9,240.32-772.34=
8,467.98
12
926.35
15.19
911.16
0.00
Total
11,116.14
1,116.14
10,000.00
10,000-833.33=
0
10,000.00
926.35-166.67 =
759.68
10,000-759.68=
9,240.32
Mtodo directo
Mtodo directo
Mtodo directo
Sea j = i/12
j = (A/Vp)1/n - 1 = (1200/1000)1/12 1 = 0.015309
i = jx12 = 0.1837 = 18.37% anual
Pago mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de
capital
10,000
911.16
Pago mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
Saldo de capital
capital (Vk)
911.16
10,000
Pago mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
Saldo de capital
capital (Vk)
911.16
911.16
10,000
Pago
mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
Saldo de capital
capital (Vk)
10,000
911.16
10,000-911.16=
9,088.84
911.16
Pago
mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
Saldo de capital
capital (Vk)
10,000
911.16
10,000-911.16=
9,088.84
911.16
911.16
Pago
mensual
(Ak)
Inters (Ik)
Cuota de
Saldo de capital
capital (Vk)
10,000
911.16
10,000-911.16=
9,088.84
1
2
911.16
911.16
0.0166x9,088.84=
151.48
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de capital
10,000
911.16
10,000-911.16=
9,088.84
1
2
911.16
911.16
0.0166x9,088.84= 911.16-151.48=
151.48
759.68
Cuota de
capital (Vk)
Saldo de capital
10,000
911.16
10,000-911.16=
9,088.84
911.16
911.16
12
911.16
Total
10,933.91
14.94
10,000.00
896.22
933.91
0.00