EQUIVALENCIA

La equivalencia se da cuando una

expresin exocntrica o una
visin figurada se traducen por
una expresin exocntrica o una
visin figurada equivalentes en la
lengua trmino

EQUIVALENCIA
Ejemplos:
Give him your finger and hell take your whole
hand = Le das la mano y te toma el codo (Es
muy confianzudo)
To pull somebodys leg = Tomar el pelo (Hacerle
bromas , hacer chanzas)
They are as alike as two peas = Son iguales
como dos gotas de agua (Son idnticos)

EQUIVALENCIA

Every cloud has a silver lining = No hay

mal que por bien no venga
To have a low profile = tener bajo perfil
With a lump in his throat = Con un nudo en
la garganta (Con la voz angustiada, muy
angustiado)
He asked the question point blank =
Pregunt a quemarropa

RESUMEN DE PROCEDIMIENTOS VISTOS

A. Una idea se expresa en la misma forma en
una y otra lengua (Traduccin literal)
B. Una idea se expresa en una y otra lengua con
distintas categoras (Transposicin)
C. En una y otra lengua se expresa una idea con
diferente punto de vista (Modulacin)
D. La misma situacin se expresa con
modalidades equivalentes (Equivalencia)

Practice:
(Angl. of F. : underlined Transp: broken
underlining Modul: italics)
a. Mrs. Ramsay could not help exclaiming :
Oh, how beautiful!
b. I could not see the guns, but they were
evidently firing directly at us.

ADAPTACIN
El traductor no traduce para s mismo; traduce
para los dems.
El traductor experto debe procurar que el lector
comprenda sin esfuerzo, y sin siquiera darse
cuenta de que se trata de una versin traducida.
La adaptacin se ejerce en el plano de los
contenidos ms que en el de la expresin. Con
la adaptacin la traduccin alcanza viabilidad
cultural. Ella evita el calco cultural que podra
producir confusin u oscuridad.

ADAPTACIN

Definicin: Es el proceso de conformar un

contenido a la visin particular de cada
lengua.
EJEMPLOS:
as white as snow = blanco como la
nieve
La parbola de la higuera

ADAPTACIN

(the father) kissed his little daughter on

the mouth = ? ? ?
baby sitter = niera ?
CONCEPTO BSICO:
Cada lengua tiene su concepcin particular
de la realidad y cada pueblo ve al mundo
a su manera

ADAPTACIN

We dissect nature along the lines laid

down by our native languages
(Benjamin Whorf, 1897-1941)

ADAPTACIN
THE SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS:
Edward Sapir (1884-1939):
.. the real world is to a large extent built up on the
language habits of the group. We see and hear
and otherwise experience very largely as we do
because the language habits of our community
predispose certain choices of interpretation. The
worlds in which different societies live are
distinct worlds, not merely the same world with
different labels attached.

ADAPTACIN
Benjamin Whorf:
We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and
ascribe significances as we do largely because
we are parties to an agreement to organize it in
this way - an agreement that holds throughout
our speech community and is codified in the
patterns of our language. The agreement is, of
course, an implicit and unstated one, but its
terms are absolutely obligatory; we cannot talk
at all except by subscribing to the organization
and classification of data which the agreement
decrees.

ADAPTACIN
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis (aka the Whorfian
hypothesis) is named after the two American
linguists who first formulated it. They start from
the view that we all have a basic need to make
sense of the world. To make sense of it, we
impose an order on it. The main tool we have for
organising the world is language. As you can
see from the two quotations above, their view is
that the language we use determines how we
experience the world and how we express that
experience. Hence, their view is often referred to
as linguistic determinism.

ADAPTACIN

A quotation often found in Communication

textbooks is from Wittgenstein's Tractatus
Logico Philosophicus:
The limits of my language indicate the
limits of my world

ADAPTACIN

Lenguaje epistolar (correspondencia=

letter writing)
Temas no literarios: suburb, candy
shop, drugstore, soda fountain,
the in-tray, Ill buy you a drink, Friday
13.
Weights and measures: mile, pound,
ounce, yard, foot, inch, gallon, etc.
The seasons

 Exclamations:
Good heavens!
Yuk !
Ouch !
Uh ?
Ha-ha ! Ha, ha !
Yum ! Yummy !
Gee ! Geez !
Gosh !

 Revisin de los Procedimientos vistos:

Transposicin
Modulacin
Equivalencia
Adaptacin

NOW ANALYZE THESE CASES

My mother was upstairs
She was about to faint /almost fainting
Her lipstick matched her nails
She and Annie would sit on the fence
around the parking lot

AMPLIFICACIN

La economa del ingls:

Cuando se traduce del ingls al
espaol se tiene la certeza de que la
versin espaola tiende a ser mucho
ms larga que a la inversa.
Ingls: lengua concreta, directa,
econmica.

DEFINICIN de AMPLIFICACIN
Procedimiento por el cual en LT se
emplean ms monemas (=palabras) que
en LO para expresar la misma idea
(p. 337)

CASOS:
-Amplif. de ADV
-Amplif. de V
-Amplif. de ADJ
-Amplif. de PRON
-Amplif. de PREP
-Amplif. de SUST
-Amplif. de .TODO

COMPARAR:
The economic crisis endangered the
implementation of the project
The house beyond the church is a historical
monument
George will take the exam and Tim might
too
He nodded
I paid ten grand for it
Since 1888 we have been molding boys into
splendid, clear-thinking young men

EXPLICITACIN
La explicitacin hace explcito lo que est
implcito en LT. Se har uso de ella
cuando por causa del apego a la letra, el
mensaje pueda ser interpretado en forma
errnea. La explicitacin busca una
finalidad explicativa y especificativa.

 Usos de explicitacin:
-Para realzar el sujeto, tcito o expreso
(agente en la VP)
-Para resolver ambigedad
-Para especificar una relacin
sobrentendida en LO
-Por normalizacin sintctica
-Por elipsis en LO
-Para especificar estructuras del ingls de
gran concentracin y expresividad

 before we heard the splash of water in

the sink.
a citrus-scented substance
They walked down the road toward the
hotel.
The light from the windows was dim.
She rushed into her room and slammed the
door.
Just as he leaned forward to take the
glass
You could just walk in and tell them I told
you.

 The housekeeper had returned, unseen by

my uncle.
The hedgerow was beaded with silver.

a nickel
I asked you not to refer one more time to
my adopted child, and you gave me your
word of honor you would not.

A: What on earth does Uncle Pete mean by

wearing part of my trousseau out in the
broad open daylight?
B: And what do you expect me to do about
it?
A: I expect nothing. I simply declare that
Uncle Pete looks like a fool in it.
We both just stood there and stared at each
other

 He arose one morning at four oclock,

slipped unnoticed out of the hotel, and
went to this place.
Call the neighbors. Someone will feed him.
Maybe if Im not here watching, hell wake
up. Maybe its because Im watching that
he wont.

 Compare:
The bishop was a broad man of about
sixty.
El obispo era un hombre corpulento que
rondaba los sesenta aos.
A: She doesnt know me half of the time.
B: Sometimes she does.
A: Ella ya ni siquiera me reconoce.
B: A veces s te reconoce.

 Thats what youre here for, primarily.

Para eso ests ac, en primer lugar.

MORRIS ROSENBERG. CONCERT

VIOLINIST. LESSONS. MASTER
CLASSES.
MORRIS ROSENBERG. CONCERTISTA
DE VIOLIN. CLASES PARTICULARES.
CLASES MAGISTRALES

EXPLICITACIN

I had thought I recognized in you one of

the chosen.
Yo haba pensado que eras una de las
elegidas del Seor.

You cant sleep no more if you got to see

the Dean at two thirty. You just got about
time to make it.
No pods dormir ms si tens una
reunin con el decano a las dos y media.
Apenas si tens tiempo para arreglarte.

 I dont know if Eve were dark or light,

but if such a woman had stood in the
garden I know that the apple would
have been eaten.
No s si Eva era de piel clara u
oscura, pero si tal mujer hubiera
estado en el Jardn del Edn, estoy
seguro de que se hubiera comido la
manzana.

 package after package of tightly packed

U.S. bank and treasury notes of large
denomination. Reckoning from the high
figures written upon the paper bands that
bound them, the total must have come
closely upon the hundred thousand mark.
paquete tras paquete de fajos ceidos
de billetes y bonos del tesoro de EEUU de
gran valor. Considerando las altas cifras
escritas en las bandas de papel que
ataban cada fajo, el total debe haber
llegado a cerca de cien mil dlares.

A: What sort of a town is this?

B: Not much of a town. A banana town.
Grass huts, adobes, five or six two-story
houses, accommodations limited,
population half-breed Spanish and indian,
Caribs and blackamoors.
A: Qu clase de pueblo es ste?
B: No es gran cosa. Un pueblo bananero.
Chozas de paja, construcciones de adobe,
cinco o seis casas de dos plantas, poco
hospedaje, poblacin mestiza de
espaoles e indios, caribeos y negros.

 He took out a pair of amber-colored

spectacles
Sac un par de anteojos con cristales
color mbar