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Old MCQ Epidemiology
Old MCQ Epidemiology
PROPORTIONS TEST C. A. (O i E i )2 E i 2. Students t TEST 3. CHI SQUARE TEST. A. B. C. B. x - 0 SD/n P (1 ) n 4. MODIFIED t TEST ference ( x1 - x2) 5. NORMAL CURVE TEST E. D. E. D. XA XB SEA2 + SEB2 Q. A statistical test which can be used to com are means of five sam les of atients for the ur ose of determining the of the observed findings is t test b. ANOVA test c. Chi square test d. Correlation analysis e. Regression analysis. Q. The correlation co-efficient (r) in a study of students is 0.7; the coefficie nt of determination (r2) for that sam le would be: 70% 49% 7% d. None of the above. ( x1 - x2) SE of the dif
Q. The ower of a statistical test can be determined by using the formula: a. 1 H0 b. 1 - HA c. 1 d. 1 e. H0 - HA Q. While investig ting the ssoci tion etween elev ted levels of lph fet o protein nd the development of neur l tu e defects m tern l histories of 3250 nenceph lic fetuses were studied. If m ximum intercorrel tion ( r ) of 0.81 i s found to exist with respect to elev ted levels of lph feto protein in pregn nt women nd the su sequent consequence of fet l nenceph ly, which of the follo wing st tements is correct? . 81% of the time, nenceph ly is ssoci ted with elev ted m tern l levels of lph feto protein
Q. nt he A. B. C. D. E.
Four grou s of atients were followed over a eriod of 3 years with 4 differe thera ies for sideroblastic anemia to com are their efficacy. What would be t most a ro riate statistical analysis to conclude the ex eriment?
. 75% of the time, nenceph ly is ssoci ted with elev ted m tern l levels of lph feto protein c. Two-thirds of the time, nenceph ly is ssoci ted with elev ted m tern l levels of lph feto protein d. No conclusion c n e dr wn unless the p v lue is known e. The m ximum intercorrel tion is too low (6.25%) to est lish true ssoci tion etween lph feto protein levels nd occurrence of nenceph ly
QID: 205413Preventive Medicine nd Pu lic He lth - Epidemiology, St tistics, Rese rc h - St tisticsQuestion: A new ther peutic gent to prevent throm osis in p tients w ho h ve h d myoc rdi l inf rction (MI) is eing tested. Post-MI p tients re ssigned t r ndom to two ther pies. One group receives usu l c re plus pl ce o, while nother receives usu l c re plus the experiment l ntithrom otic gent. B sed on the endpoint of repe t MI, rese rchers comp re the me n num er of event s in e ch group. If st tistic lly signific nt difference is seen t the level of 0.05, which of the following is most correct?A. A p tient receiving the drug h s 95% ch nce of clinic l enefit s determined y the study endpointB. The inte rpret tion of the signific nce level is dependent on the power of the testC. Ther e is 95% ch nce th t the me n events in the two groups re truly differentD. If there is no difference etween the groups, the ch nce of erroneously detecting difference is 5%E. An MI will e prevented in 95 of every 100 p tients tre ted with the drug Q. The Y tes correction f ctor A. Is used for l rge s mple chi squ re testsB. Incre ses the likelihood of Typ e II errorC. Incre ses the chi squ re v lueD. Is used for 2 x 2 t les when the frequency of cell is less th n 5E. Is used for sm ll s mple chi squ re tests Q. Which of the following st tements is correct? A. Norm l distri ution curves re ch r cterized y their me ns nd r ngesB. Confidence limits re c lcul ted from me ns nd r ngesC. Norm l distri ution curves re ch r cterized y their me ns nd st nd rd devi tionsD. Confidence limits re c lcul ted fr om me ns nd s mple sizesE. Norm l distri ution curves re c lcul ted from s mple sizes nd st nd rd devi tions
Q. A survey of medic l students w s conducted to determine if there w s rel tionship etween gender nd p ss/f il r tes in women s he lth issues course. The following results were org nized into contingency t le. (See the t le) W hich would e the most ppropri te test to determine if there is ny ssoci tion etween gender nd p ss/f il r tes on this ex m? MALE FEMALE TOTAL
sed on the
Q. Which of the following st A. It is sed on norm r th n 50 C. The s mple size the num er of degrees critic l r tio (z)
tements out the Student s t test is correct? l distri ution B. It is used for s mple sizes gre te
Q. . . c. d. e.
St tistic l methods re used in epidemiologic l studies ec use they: provide v lues of results th t re dependent upon ch nce provide conclusions out c use nd effect provide controls for v ri les th t were sent in the study design provide ssur nce of the signific nce of the findings provide controls for some of the more common sources of experiment l error
PASS 50 40 FAIL 50 10 TOTAL 100 50 A. Line r regressionB. McNem r testC. Student s t test D. Chi- squ re test E. Fisher s ex ct
90 60 150
Q. The more hot nd humid the we ther, the less clothing person we rs is n ex mple of: A. moder te correl tionB. low correl tionC. neg tive correl tionD. high positive c orrel tionE. no rel tionship Q. To study the ssoci tion etween coffee drinking nd c ncer of the p ncre s the coffee consumption (ounces per month) for two groups of insur nce workers w s collected. The d t ppe red to e s follows: GROUPS MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION 1 146 oz 21.00 oz 2 238 oz 24.00 oz t v lue = 2.77; Degrees of freedom = 20 The difference in coffee consumption etween these two groups h s signifi c nce level of? A B C D E p p p p p < 0.50 < 0.10 < 0.05 < 0.01 <0.001
Q. To ssess the ssoci tion etween deficiency of the enzyme hexos minid se A nd the su sequent risk of developing T y-S chs dise se, sever l groups of prem ture inf nts were investig ted. The chi-squ re v lue derived for the study w s 13.22 with 4 degrees of freedom. From the chi-squ re distri ution t le, wh t is the signific nce level of the study? CHI-SQUARE D ISTRIBUTION TABLE: Q. In which of the following situ tions should ONE-TAILED testing e used, r t her th n two-t iled?A. Comp ring the irth r tes etween neigh oring countriesB. C omp ring the effectiveness of two drugs g inst e ch other for cert in dise seC . Determining how driving t speeds gre ter th n 70 miles per hour ffects ccid ent r tesD. Determining if new, improved Supercle n detergent rightens clothing more th n the old versionE. Comp ring ver ge MCAT scores with those from 10 ye r s go Q. Positive correl tions (from 0.01 to 1.00) indic te th t, s one f ctor goes ----------------------, the other f ctor goes ---------------. A. down, upB. up, downC. up, upD. oth nd E. All of the ove
Q. Which of the following ex mples is most likely to h ve neg tive correl ti on? A. Num er of hours spent studying nd test scoresB. Amount of violent televisio n viewed nd num er of ggressive cts committedC. How m ny times the su ject smil es per d y nd their unh ppiness levelD. Weight nd heightE. Your test scores nd th e present economy
Q. Wh t correl tion coefficient v lue would most likely represent ly inverse proportion lity etween eh vior nd tr it? A. 1.0B. 0.25C. 0.0D. 0.5E. 1.0
complete
Q. If you h d correl tion of positive one, the rel ted items would A. completely unrel ted B. moder tely correl ted C. very highly correl ted D. lowly correl ted
Q. In n lyzing d t , me surements re sometimes c tegoric l, for ex mple "sm iles" or "frowns". This type of me surement is c lled: A. qu lit tive me surementB. qu ntit tive me surementC. reli ilityD. v lidityE. psy hometrics Q. If one is me suring the rel tionship etween two things nd the rese rch h e or she does, shows th t there is solutely no rel tion existing etween the t wo, the correl tion is s id to e: A. 0 B. 0.3 C. 0.8 D. 1 E. - 1 Q. The st tistic l test which is used to comp re me ns of five s mples of p ti ents for the purpose of determining the p v lue of the o served findings is A. t test B. ANOVA test C. Chi squ re test D. Correl tion n lysis E. Regression n lysis. Q. The correl tion co-efficient in study of students is 0.8. The co efficie nt of determin tion of th t s mple would e: A. 80% B. 64% C.16% D. none of the ove. Q. Studying the ssoci tion etween pl sm levels of renin nd ch nges in lo od pressure, rese rcher would o t in the most effective use of d t y the pp lic tion of: A. students t test B.F test C. Correl tion n lysis D. Chi - squ re test E. Coefficient of v ri tion. Q. A controlled study to determine the simil rity of IQ scores etween identi c l twins shows th t there is correl tion coefficient of 0.89. This indic tes th tA. The more simil r the genes, the more simil r the IQ scoresB. The more simil r the genes, the less simil r the IQ scoresC. Genes nd intelligence re not hig hly correl tedD. Intelligence is determined more y le rningE. Identic l twins re highly intelligent Q. Suppose th t rese rcher elieves th t line r rel tionship exists etwe en two continuous v ri les. Wh t should the rese rcher do first fter collectin g his/her d t ?A. Perform line r regression on the d t to o t in regression li ne expressing line r rel tionship for the d t B. Construct sc tter plot of th
e:
e d t plotting one v ri le g inst the other v ri leC. Compute the coefficient of correl tion of the two v ri lesD. Compute the me n of e ch of the v ri lesE. Compute the st nd rd devi tion of e ch of the v ri les Q. You re re ding journ l rticle th t h s recently een pu lished concer ning the possi le he lth effects of long-term exposure to low levels of electrom gnetic r di tion. In this rticle, the uthors cl im th t " sed on the d t co llected during our study, it is now cle r th t even low-level exposure to electr om gnetic fields c n c use chronic myeloid leukemi in dults." This ssertion m kes you rec ll your e rly tr ining in epidemiologic methods, specific lly in th e re of c us l inference. Which of the following is true concerning c us l inf erence in epidemiology? A. The strength of the exposure-dise se rel tionship is n import nt conside r tionB. Oftentimes, single study c n convincingly demonstr te c us lityC. St ti stic lly signific nt findings lmost lw ys indic te c us l rel tionshipD. Bi s nd confounding gener lly do not h ve n effect on re l c us l rel tionshipsE. O nly l or tory studies c n truly est lish direct c us l rel tionship Q. In reviewing n epidemiologic study concerning the development of p ncre t ic c ncer following exposure to pesticide used in sp r gus f rming, you note th t the study s uthors conclude th t the pesticide c uses the development of t his type of c ncer in gricultur l workers who h ve een exposed to it. In order for c us l rel tionship to exist etween n exposure nd dise se outcome, w hich of the following criteri must e met?A. The exposure must e necess ry to c use the dise seB. The c us l rel tionship must e iologic lly fe si leC. The fin ding must e consistent with ll other scientific studies from the medic l liter ture D. The exposure must e sufficient to c use the dise se Q. The nursing supervisor t the hospit l w s interested in whether the new d octors or the more est lished doctors differed in their opinions of the nursing st ff. An opinion survey w s t ken (1=high opinion of the st ff nd 9=low opini on of the st ff). Doctors were grouped ccording to ye rs of experience. A. The opinion of the nursing st ff improves with every 5-ye r increment in ye rs of experienceB. The newest doctors h ve the highest reg rd for the nursing st ffC. It t kes out 5 ye rs for the doctors to o t in st le opinion of the nursing st ffD. The opinion of the nursing st ff gets worse s the doctors g in e xperienceE. C nnot e determined from the d t supplied The results:
A st tistic l test showed th t there w s signific nt difference in doctors opinions of the nursing st ff etween the under 5 ye rs of experience group nd the other groups. The 2 more experienced groups were not different from e ch oth er. Wh t could the supervisor conclude? Q. A colle gue presents you with the following t le of d t , nd sks for your help in interpreting the different p-v lues th t he o t ined s p rt of the compu ter output from the st tistic l softw re progr m th t he w s using. Q. Met - n lysis is the process y which A. Multiple studies with common outcome v ri le re com ined to incre se s t tistic l powerB. Extr -l rge studies re developed to nswer p rticul rly su tl e questionsC. The v rious forms of i s re n lyzed for their effects on p rti
Wh t would e the simplest st tistic l test to comp re the percent ge of od y f t etween the 2 study groups t the 1-ye r time point?A. Chi squ re B. t TestC. P ired t-testD. Logistic regressionE. Line r regression Q. Wh t st tistic l test would you pply to test the equ lity of v ri nces to se lect ppropri te t Test to find the differences etween two me ns? Modified t test P ired t test F test Chi-squ re test
Q. A tri l is c rried out to determine the imp ct of new diet, com ined wit h exercise, in ddition to convention l ther py to further reduce the risk of de th of p tients recovering from he rt surgery P tients re ssigned to one of th e two study rms: 1- Convention l ther py only 2- Convention l ther py plus n ew diet plus new exercise progr m. P tients re followed up every two months for the first ye r, nd then every six months for the next four ye rs. Among other f ctors, the following inform tion is collected: 1) Sex 2) Age t time of surgery 3) Weight ( t entry into tri l nd t e ch visit) 4) Percent ge of ody f t ( t entry nd t e ch visit) 5) Surviv l st tus nd d te of de th where pplic le 6) Need for further surgery nd d te where pplic le 7) A gr ding for ctu l ctivity level (1 to 5 with 1=Sedent ry & 5=Ve ry Active)
cul r studyD. All confounding v ri les re identified nd removed from consider tionE. C se reports re comp red with comp r le popul tion to incre se their s t tistic l power