Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
01 Apuntes de Instalaciones Electricas de BT
01 Apuntes de Instalaciones Electricas de BT
Autores:
José Manuel Diez Aznar
Pedro Ángel Blasco Espinosa
Índice
2.- Acometidas.
1.- Introducción.
1.- Generalidades.
1.- Introducción.
1.- Introducción.
2.- Fusible.
4.- Diferencial.
1.- Introducción.
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
(VWUXFWXUD\'HVFULSFLyQGH
,QVWDODFLRQHV(OpFWULFDVGH%7
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
ASPECTOS GENERALES
'HILQLFLyQGH,QVWDODFLyQ(OpFWULFDHQ%7
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQHQ%7
7HQVLyQ &RQWLQXD 9 %7
7HQVLyQ $OWHUQD 9
)UHFXHQFLD HPSOHDGD +]
1RUPDWLYDGHDSOLFDFLyQ
5HJODPHQWRGH%DMD7HQVLyQ 5'GHDJRVWR
'H 2%/,*$'2 &803/,0,(172 \ FRQVWLWXLGR SRU
5HJODPHQWR $UWtFXORV
,QVWUXFFLRQHV 7pFQLFDV &RPSOHPHQWDULDV ,7& D ,7&
*XtD7pFQLFDGH$SOLFDFLyQ
6RQ GH FDUiFWHU 12 9,1&8/$17(
1RUPDWLYDGHDSOLFDFLyQ
1RUPDVSDUWLFXODUHVGHODHPSUHVDVXPLVWUDGRUD
7DO \ FRPR VH HVWDEOHFH HQ HO DUWtFXOR GHO 5%7 ODV HPSUHVDV
GLVWULEXLGRUDV SRGUiQ SURSRQHU QRUPDV SDUWLFXODUHV TXH QR
FRQWUDGLJDQ HO 5%7 UHODWLYDV D OD FRQVWUXFFLyQ \ PRQWDMH GH
DFRPHWLGDV H LQVWDODFLRQHV GH HQODFH
1RUPDV81(
,7&D,7&,QVWUXFFLRQHVGHFDUiFWHU1RUPDWLYR\$GPLQLVWUDWLYR
,7&D,7&5HGHVGHGLVWULEXFLyQ DpUHD\VXEWHUUiQHD
,7&6LVWHPDVGHFRQH[LyQGHOQHXWUR\GHODVPDVDV
,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVGHDOXPEUDGRH[WHULRU
,7&3UHYLVLyQGHFDUJDVSDUDVXPLQLVWURVHQ%7
,7&$FRPHWLGDV
,&7D,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
,7&D,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVRUHFHSWRUDV
,7&D,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVHQYLYLHQGDV
,7&D,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVHQORFDOHVHVSHFLDOHV
,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVDPX\EDMDWHQVLyQ
,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVDWHQVLRQHVHVSHFLDOHV
,7&D,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVFRQILQHVHVSHFLDOHV
,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVJHQHUDGRUDVGHEDMDWHQVLyQ
,7&D,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVHOpFWULFDVVLQJXODUHV FDUDYDQDVSXHUWRVPDULQDV
PXHEOHVUDGLDGRUHVGHVDXQD
,7&,QVWDODFLRQHVGHVLVWHPDVGHDXWRPDWL]DFLyQJHVWLyQWpFQLFDGHODHQHUJtD
VHJXULGDG
,QVWDODGRUHV\HPSUHVDVDXWRUL]DGDV ,7&
0RGLILFDFLyQ GH OD ,7& VHJ~Q 5'
&$7(*25,$ %È6,&$
&$7(*25,$ (63(&,$/,67$
'RFXPHQWDFLyQ\SXHVWDHQVHUYLFLR ,7&
'2&80(17$&,Ï1
7e&1,&$'(
',6(f2
2%5$6&21
352<(&72 0(025,$7e&1,&$
7e&1,&2
&203(7(17(
',5(&&,Ï1'(
2%5$
,167$/$'25
$8725,=$'2
(-(&8&,Ï1
9HULILFDFLRQHVHLQVSHFFLRQHV ,7&
2UJDQLVPRGH 9(5,),&$&,Ï1
&RQWURO 2&$
,163(&&,21(6
,1,&,$/(6<
3(5,Ï',&$6
,167$/$'25
$8725,=$'2
ESTRUCTURA DE UNA
INSTALACIÓN EN BT
(VTXHPDJHQHUDOGHODVLQVWDODFLRQHV
3URSLHGDGGHOGLVWULEXLGRU
$FRPHWLGD
5HGHVGHGLVWULEXFLyQHQ%7
&DMDJHQHUDOGHSURWHFFLyQ &*3
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH /tQHDJHQHUDOGHDOLPHQWDFLyQ /*$
'HULYDFLRQHVLQGLYLGXDOHV
&RQWDGRUHV\HTXLSRVGHPHGLGD
'LVSRVLWLYRVGHPDQGR\SURWHFFLyQ
,QVWDODFLRQHVLQWHULRUHV
3URSLHGDGGHOFOLHQWH
$FRPHWLGDV
^ŽŶZ^WKE^/>/ĚĞůĂĞŵƉƌĞƐĂ/^dZ/h/KZ͗ ,7&
WĂƌƚĞĚĞůĂŝŶƐƚĂůĂĐŝſŶĚĞůĂƌĞĚĚĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵĐŝſŶ͕ƋƵĞĚĂŶƐƵŵŝŶŝƐƚƌŽĂůĂĐĂũĂͬƐ'ĞŶĞƌĂůĞƐĚĞ
ƉƌŽƚĞĐĐŝſŶ;'WͿ͘
WƵĞĚĞŶƐĞƌ͗
ĐŽŵĞƚŝĚĂƐZ^͗
WŽƐĂĚĂƐƐŽďƌĞĨĂĐŚĂĚĂ
dĞŶƐĂĚĂƐƐŽďƌĞƉŽƐƚĞ
ĐŽŵĞƚŝĚĂƐ^hdZZE^͗
ŽŶĞŶƚƌĂĚĂLJƐĂůŝĚĂ
ŶĚĞƌŝǀĂĐŝſŶ;ϭĞŶƚƌĂĚĂLJǀĂƌŝĂƐƐĂůŝĚĂƐͿ
ĐŽŵĞƚŝĚĂƐD/yd^
ĠƌĞĂƐͬ^ƵďƚĞƌƌĄŶĞĂƐ
dŽĚŽƐůŽƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽƌĞƐƐĞƌĄŶƉĂƌĂƚĞŶƐŝſŶĂƐŝŐŶĂĚĂĚĞϭϬϬϬs;Ϭ͘ϲͬϭ<sͿ͕ĐŽŶĐůĂƐĞĚĞĂŝƐůĂŵŝĞŶƚŽ
ƐĞŐƷŶŶŽƌŵĂƐĚĞůĂĞŵƉƌĞƐĂƐƵŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂĚŽƌĂ͘
ZϭͲ<;^ͿWŽůŝĞƚŝůĞŶŽƌĞƚŝĐƵůĂĚŽ;ZͿ͕ĐƵďŝĞƌƚĂĚĞWŽůŝŽůĞĨŝŶĂ ;ŶŽƉƌŽƉĂŐĂĚŽƌĚĞůĂůůĂŵĂLJďĂũĂ
ĞŵŝƐŝſŶĚĞŚƵŵŽƐͿ
ϭͲ<;^ͿƚŝůĞŶŽWƌŽƉŝůĞŶŽ ;Ϳ͕ĐƵďŝĞƌƚĂĚĞWŽůŝŽůĞĨŝŶĂ ;ŶŽƉƌŽƉĂŐĂĚŽƌĚĞůĂůůĂŵĂLJďĂũĂ
ĞŵŝƐŝſŶĚĞŚƵŵŽƐͿ
$FRPHWLGDV
/RV FDEOHV SRVDGRV VREUH IDFKDGD VHUiQ DLVODGRV GH WHQVLyQ DVLJQDGD N9 \ VX
LQVWDODFLyQ VH KDUi SUHIHUHQWHPHQWH EDMR FRQGXFWRV FHUUDGRV R FDQDOHV SURWHFWRUDV FRQ
WDSD GHVPRQWDEOH FRQ OD D\XGD GH XQ ~WLO
/RV WUDPRV HQ TXH OD DFRPHWLGD TXHGH D XQD DOWXUD VREUH HO VXHOR LQIHULRU D P
GHEHUiQ SURWHJHUVH FRQ WXERV R FDQDOHV UtJLGRV
3DUD ORV FUXFHV GH ODV YtDV S~EOLFDV \ HVSDFLRV VLQ HGLILFDU \ GHSHQGLHQGR GH OD
ORQJLWXG GHO YDQR ORV FDEOHV SRGUiQ LQVWDODUVH DPDUUDGRV GLUHFWDPHQWH HQ DPERV
H[WUHPRV
(VWRV FUXFHV VH UHDOL]DUiQ GH PDQHUD TXH HO YDQR VHD OR PiV FRUWR SRVLEOH \ OD DOWXUD
PtQLPD QR VHD HQ QLQJ~Q FDVR LQIHULRU D P
/RV FDEOHV VHUiQ DLVODGRV N9 \ SRGUiQ LQVWDODUVH VXVSHQGLGRV GH XQ FDEOH ILDGRU R
WDPELpQ PHGLDQWH OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH XQ FRQGXFWRU QHXWUR ILDGRU
&XPSOLUiQ OR HVWDEOHFLGR HQ OD ,7&%7
&XDQGR ORV FDEOHV FUXFHQ VREUH YtDV S~EOLFDV R ]RQDV GH SRVLEOH FLUFXODFLyQ URGDGD OD
DOWXUD PtQLPD VREUH ODV FDOOHV \ FDUUHWHUDV QR VHUi HQ QLQJ~Q FDVR LQIHULRU D P
$FRPHWLGDV
$FRPHWLGD VXEWHUUiQHD
9 &RQ FDUiFWHU JHQHUDO ODV DFRPHWLGDV VH UHDOL]DUiQ VLJXLHQGR ORV WUD]DGRV PiV
FRUWRV UHDOL]DQGR FRQH[LRQHV FXDQGR pVWDV VHDQ QHFHVDULDV PHGLDQWH VLVWHPDV R
GLVSRVLWLYRV DSURSLDGRV
9 /D DFRPHWLGD GLVFXUULUi SRU WHUUHQRV GH GRPLQLR S~EOLFRV H[FHSWR HQ DTXHOORV
FDVRV GH DFRPHWLGDV DpUHDV R VXEWHUUiQHDV HQ TXH KD\DQ VLGR DXWRUL]DGDV ODV
FRUUHVSRQGLHQWHV VHUYLGXPEUHV GH SDVR
9 (Q JHQHUDO VH GLVSRQGUi GH XQD VROD DFRPHWLGD SRU HGLILFLR 3RGUi VROLFLWDUVH XQD
VHJXQGD DFRPHWLGD HQ GHWHUPLQDGRV FDVRV 9HU QRUPDWLYDV SDUWLFXODUHV
GLVWULEXLGRUD
9 /D FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ Pi[LPD DGPLVLEOH VHUi OD TXH OD HPSUHVD GLVWULEXLGRUD WHQJD
HVWDEOHFLGD HQ VX UHSDUWR GH FDtGDV GH WHQVLyQ HQ ORV HOHPHQWRV TXH FRQVWLWX\HQ OD
UHG
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
'HILQLFLyQ\FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVJHQHUDOHV,7&
,QVWDODFLyQ TXH XQH OD FDMD JHQHUDO GH SURWHFFLyQ R FDMDV JHQHUDOHV GH SURWHFFLyQ LQFOXLGDV
pVWDV FRQ ODV LQVWDODFLRQHV UHFHSWRUDV GHO XVXDULR R LQVWDODFLRQHV LQWHULRUHV
6RQSURSLHGDGGHO&OLHQWH
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
(VTXHPDSDUDYDULRVXVXDULRVFRQFRQWDGRUHVHQIRUPDFHQWUDOL]DGDHQXQOXJDU
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
5HG GH GLVWULEXFLyQ
$FRPHWLGD
&DMD JHQHUDO GH SURWHFFLyQ
/tQHD JHQHUDO GH DOLPHQWDFLyQ
,QWHUUXSWRU JHQHUDO GH PDQLREUD
&DMD GH GHULYDFLyQ
(PSOD]DPLHQWR GH FRQWDGRUHV
'HULYDFLyQ LQGLYLGXDO
)XVLEOH GH VHJXULGDG
&RQWDGRU
&DMD SDUD LQWHUUXSWRU GH FRQWURO GH
SRWHQFLD
'LVSRVLWLYRV JHQHUDOHV GH PDQGR \
SURWHFFLyQ
,QVWDODFLyQ LQWHULRU
(VTXHPDSDUDYDULRVXVXDULRVFRQFRQWDGRUHVHQIRUPDFHQWUDOL]DGDHQPiVGHXQOXJDU
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
3DUD KRPRJHQHL]DU ODV FRPSDxtDV VXPLQLVWUDGRUDV WLHQHQ VHOHFFLRQDGRV DOJXQRV WLSRV GH &*3
\ &30 TXH KDQ VLGR DSUREDGRV SRU OD $GPLQLVWUDFLyQ 3~EOLFD \ TXH VH UHFRJHQ HQ VXV
QRUPDV SDUWLFXODUHV
(PSOD]DPLHQWR H LQVWDODFLyQ
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
7LSRV \ FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
/DV FDMDV JHQHUDOHV GH SURWHFFLyQ FRUUHVSRQGHUiQ D XQR GH ORV WLSRV UHFRJLGRV HQ ODV
QRUPDV SDUWLFXODUHV GH OD HPSUHVD VXPLQLVWUDGRUD
'HQWUR GH ODV PLVPDV VH LQVWDODUiQ FRUWDFLUFXLWRV IXVLEOHV HQ WRGRV ORV FRQGXFWRUHV GH IDVH
R SRODUHV FLOtQGULFRV R GH FXFKLOODV FRQ SRGHU GH FRUWH DO PHQRV LJXDO D OD FRUULHQWH GH
FRUWRFLUFXLWR SUHYLVWD
(O QHXWUR HVWDUi FRQVWLWXLGR SRU XQD FRQH[LyQ DPRYLEOH VLWXDGD D OD L]TXLHUGD GH ODV IDVHV
\ SRGUi GLVSRQHU WDPELpQ GH XQ ERUQH GH SXHVWD D WLHUUD
(O HVTXHPD GH FDMD JHQHUDO GH SURWHFFLyQ D XWLOL]DU HVWDUi HQ IXQFLyQ GH ODV QHFHVLGDGHV
GHO VXPLQLVWUR VROLFLWDGR GHO WLSR GH UHG GH DOLPHQWDFLyQ \ OR GHWHUPLQDUi OD HPSUHVD
VXPLQLVWUDGRUD
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
3DUDHOFDVRGHVXPLQLVWURVSDUDXQRRGRVXVXDULRVDOLPHQWDGRVGHVGHHOPLVPROXJDU
FRQIRUPHDORVHVTXHPDVGHOD,7&%7
$OQRH[LVWLUOtQHDJHQHUDOGHDOLPHQWDFLyQSRGUiVLPSOLILFDUVHODLQVWDODFLyQFRORFDQGR
HQXQ~QLFRHOHPHQWRODFDMDJHQHUDOGHSURWHFFLyQ\HOHTXLSRGHPHGLGDGLFKRHOHPHQWR
VHGHQRPLQDFDMDGHSURWHFFLyQ\PHGLGD &30
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
&XDQGR OD &*3 HVWp MXQWR DO HTXLSR GH PHGLGD DOLPHQWDFLyQ GH XQ VROR FOLHQWH XVR GH &30
OD /*$ QR VH FRQVLGHUDUi
7RGRV ORV FRQGXFWRUHV WHQGUiQ XQD WHQVLyQ DVLJQDGD GH 9 .9 FRQ FODVH GH
DLVODPLHQWR VHJ~Q QRUPDV GH OD HPSUHVD VXPLQLVWUDGRUD
/RV FRQGXFWRUHV D XWLOL]DU WUHV GH IDVH \ XQR GH QHXWUR VHUiQ GH FREUH R DOXPLQLR
XQLSRODUHV \ DLVODGRV
/RV WXERV \ FDQDOHV SXHGHQ VHU GH 39& X RWURV PDWHULDOHV VLHPSUH TXH VHDQ QR
SURSDJDGRUHV GH OD OODPD
/D VHFFLyQ GH ORV FDEOHV VHUi XQLIRUPH HQ WRGR VX UHFRUULGR \ VLQ HPSDOPHV
/D VHFFLyQ PtQLPD VHUi GH PPð HQ FREUH R PPð HQ DOXPLQLR
(MHPSORRULHQWDWLYRGHODLQVWDODFLyQGHOD/*$XWLOL]DQGRFDQDOR
WXER\FRQGXFWRFHUUDGRGHREUDGHIiEULFD
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
&RQWDGRUHV\(TXLSRVGHPHGLGD,7&
&RQ FDUiFWHU JHQHUDO OD FHQWUDOL]DFLyQ HVWDUi IRUPDGD SRU XQR R YDULRV PyGXORV R FRQMXQWRV
GHVWLQDGRV D DOEHUJDU IXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH HO HPEDUUDGR JHQHUDO ORV IXVLEOHV GH VHJXULGDG
ORV DSDUDWRV GH PHGLGD HO HPEDUUDGR JHQHUDO GH SURWHFFLyQ ERUQHV GH VDOLGD \ SXHVWD D
WLHUUD
/RV FRQWDGRUHV \ GHPiV GLVSRVLWLYRV SDUD OD PHGLGD GH OD HQHUJtD HOpFWULFD SRGUiQ HVWDU
XELFDGRV HQ PyGXORV FDMDV FRQ WDSDV SUHFLQWDEOHV SDQHOHV R DUPDULRV
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
6HSRGUiQFRQFHQWUDUORVFRQWDGRUHVHQ
(GLILFLRVGHVWLQDGRVDYLYLHQGDV\ORFDOHVFRPHUFLDOHV
(GLILFLRVFRPHUFLDOHV
(GLILFLRVGHVWLQDGRVDXQDFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHLQGXVWULDV
3DUD FDGD FRQFHQWUDFLyQ KDEUi GH SUHYHUVH XQ DUPDULR R XQ ORFDO DGHFXDGR D HVWH ILQ GRQGH
VH FRORFDUiQ ORV GLVWLQWRV HOHPHQWRV QHFHVDULRV SDUD VX LQVWDODFLyQ
&XDQGR HO Q~PHUR GH FRQWDGRUHV D LQVWDODU VHD VXSHULRU D VHUi REOLJDWRULD VX XELFDFLyQ
HQ ORFDO
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVHQPRQWDMHVREUH$50$5,2
(ODUPDULRGHFRQWDGRUHVUHXQLUiORVVLJXLHQWHVUHTXLVLWRV
(VWDUiVLWXDGRHQODSODQWDEDMDHQWUHVXHORRSULPHU
VyWDQRGHOHGLILFLRVDOYRFXDQGRH[LVWDQFRQFHQWUDFLRQHV
SRUSODQWDVHPSRWUDGRRDGRVDGRVREUHXQSDUDPHQWR
GHOD]RQDFRP~Q
1RWHQGUiEDVWLGRUHVLQWHUPHGLRVTXHGLILFXOWHQOD
LQVWDODFLyQROHFWXUDGHORVFRQWDGRUHV\GHPiV
GLVSRVLWLYRV
'HVGHODSDUWHPiVVDOLHQWHGHODUPDULRKDVWDODSDUHG
RSXHVWDGHEHUiUHVSHWDUVHXQSDVLOORGHPFRPR
PtQLPR
/RVDUPDULRVWHQGUiQXQDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDSDUDOODPDV
PtQLPD3)
/DVSXHUWDVGHFLHUUHGLVSRQGUiQGHODFHUUDGXUD TXH
WHQJDQRUPDOL]DGD ODVXPLQLVWUDGRUD
'LVSRQGUiGHYHQWLODFLyQ\GHLOXPLQDFLyQVXILFLHQWH\VH
LQVWDODUiXQH[WLQWRUPyYLO
6HFRORFDUiXQDEDVHGHHQFKXIH WRPDGHFRUULHQWH FRQ
WRPDGHWLHUUDGH$SDUDVHUYLFLRVGHPDQWHQLPLHQWR
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDV HQ PRQWDMH HQ /2&$/
(VWH ORFDO TXH HVWDUi GHGLFDGR ~QLFD \ H[FOXVLYDPHQWH D HVWH ILQ SXGLHQGR DORMDU DGHPiV HO
FXDGUR JHQHUDO GH PDQGR \ SURWHFFLyQ GH ORV VHUYLFLRV FRPXQHV GHO HGLILFLR (O ORFDO HVWDUi
VXMHWR D ODV VLJXLHQWHV FRQGLFLRQHV
(VWDUi VLWXDGR HQ OD SODQWD EDMD HQWUHVXHOR R SULPHU VyWDQR VDOYR FXDQGR H[LVWDQ
FRQFHQWUDFLRQHV SRU SODQWDV OR PiV SUy[LPR SRVLEOH D OD HQWUDGD GHO HGLILFLR
6HUi GH IiFLO \ OLEUH DFFHVR
1R VHUYLUi GH SDVR QL DFFHVR D RWURV ORFDOHV \ GLVSRQGUi GH YHQWLODFLyQ \ GH LOXPLQDFLyQ
VXILFLHQWH
/D DOWXUD PtQLPD VHUi GH P \ OD DQFKXUD PtQLPD HQ SDUHGHV RFXSDGDV SRU
FRQWDGRUHV GH P
/D GLVWDQFLD OLEUH GHVGH OD SDUHG GRQGH VH LQVWDOH OD FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GH FRQWDGRUHV KDVWD HO
REVWiFXOR TXH WHQJD HQIUHQWH VHUi GH P /D GLVWDQFLD HQWUH ORV ODWHUDOHV GH GLFKD
FRQFHQWUDFLyQ \ VXV SDUHGHV FROLQGDQWHV VHUi GH FP
/D SXHUWD GH DFFHVR DEULUi KDFLD HO H[WHULRU \ WHQGUi XQD GLPHQVLyQ PtQLPD GH [ P
\ HVWDUi HTXLSDGD FRQ OD FHUUDGXUD TXH WHQJD QRUPDOL]DGD OD HPSUHVD GLVWULEXLGRUD
'HQWUR GHO ORFDO H LQPHGLDWR D OD HQWUDGD GHEHUi LQVWDODUVH XQ HTXLSR DXWyQRPR GH
DOXPEUDGR GH HPHUJHQFLD GH DXWRQRPtD QR LQIHULRU D KRUD \ SURSRUFLRQDQGR XQ QLYHO
PtQLPR GH LOXPLQDFLyQ GH OX[
(Q HO H[WHULRU GHO ORFDO \ SUy[LPR D OD SXHUWD GH HQWUDGD GHEHUi H[LVWLU XQ H[WLQWRU PyYLO
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
35(9,6,Ï1'(+8(&26<&2/2&$&,Ï1
+DVWDFRQWDGRUHVGHYLYLHQGDGHMDUKXHFRSDUDUHDFWLYD
6HQXPHUDGHDUULEDDEDMR\GHL]TXLHUGDDGHUHFKD
3DUDHOJDUDMHXQPRGXORGHPHGLGD
/RFDOHVFRPHUFLDOHVXQPRGXORGHPHGLGDSRUFDGDP
8QPRGXORGH6HUYLFLRVJHQHUDOHVQRUPDOPHQWHVHFRORFD
HQFLPDGHOPyGXORGHOLQWHUUXSWRUJHQHUDO
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
(0%$55$'2 *(1(5$/
(0%$55$'2'(
3527(&&,Ï1<%251(6
'(6$/,'$
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
'HULYDFLyQ,QGLYLGXDO,7&
(V OD SDUWH GH OD LQVWDODFLyQ TXH SDUWLHQGR GH OD /*$ VXPLQLVWUD HQHUJtD HOpFWULFD D XQD
LQVWDODFLyQ GH XVXDULR
,167$/$&,Ï1
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
&21'8&725(6
(O Q~PHUR GH FRQGXFWRUHV GHSHQGHUi GHO Q~PHUR GH IDVHV QHFHVDULDV &DGD ', OOHYDUi VX
FRQGXFWRU QHXWUR GH SURWHFFLyQ H KLOR GH PDQGR VL HV QHFHVDULR SDUD SRVLELOLWDU OD
DSOLFDFLyQ GH GLIHUHQWHV WDULIDV FRQ FRQWDGRUHV FRQ WHOHJHVWLyQ QR HV QHFHVDULR
1R VH DGPLWLUi FRQGXFWRU QHXWUR QL FRQGXFWRU GH SURWHFFLyQ FRP~Q SDUD GLVWLQWRV
VXPLQLVWURV
/RV FDEOHV QR SUHVHQWDUiQ HPSDOPHV \ VX VHFFLyQ VHUi XQLIRUPH
/RV FRQGXFWRUHV D XWLOL]DU VHUiQ GH FREUH R DOXPLQLR DLVODGRV \ QRUPDOPHQWH XQLSRODUHV
GH 9 6H VHJXLUi HO FyGLJR GH FRORUHV LQGLFDGR HQ OD ,7&%7 ,EHUGUROD VyOR
DGPLWH FRQGXFWRUHV GH FREUH
3DUD HO FDVR GH FDEOHV PXOWLFRQGXFWRUHV R GH GHULYDFLRQHV LQGLYLGXDOHV HQ WXERV
HQWHUUDGRV HO DLVODPLHQWR VHUi GH N9
/RV FDEOHV VHUiQ QR SURSDJDGRUHV GHO LQFHQGLR \ FRQ HPLVLyQ GH KXPRV \ RSDFLGDG
UHGXFLGD
(6=. $6 XQLSRODU FRQ DLVODPLHQWR GH SROLROHILQD = 81(
5=. $6 DLVODPLHQWR GH SROLHWLOHQR UHWLFXODGR 5 \ FXELHUWD GH SROLROHILQD
= 81(
'=. $6 DLVODPLHQWR GH HWLOHQR SURSLOHQR ' \ FXELHUWD GH SROLROHILQD = 81(
(O FRQGXFWRU QHXWUR GHEHUi HQ JHQHUDO VHU GH OD PLVPD VHFFLyQ TXH ORV FRQGXFWRUHV GH
IDVH
/D VHFFLyQ PtQLPD VHUi GH PPð GH FREUH SDUD ORV FDEOHV SRODUHV QHXWUR \ SURWHFFLyQ \
GH PPð SDUD HO KLOR GH PDQGR TXH VHUi GH FRORU URMR
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
'LVSRVLWLYRVGHPDQGR\SURWHFFLyQ,7&
(V HO TXH DORMD WRGRV ORV GLVSRVLWLYRV JHQHUDOHV GH PDQGR \ SURWHFFLyQ GH OD LQVWDODFLyQ
LQWHULRU GH OD YLYLHQGD R ORFDO /RV GLVSRVLWLYRV LQGLYLGXDOHV GH PDQGR \ SURWHFFLyQ GH FDGD
XQR GH ORV FLUFXLWRV TXH VRQ HO RULJHQ GH OD LQVWDODFLyQ LQWHULRU SRGUiQ LQVWDODUVH HQ HO
PLVPR FXDGUR GH GLVWULEXFLyQ R HQ FXDGURV VHSDUDGRV
(Q YLYLHQGDV \ HQ ORFDOHV FRPHUFLDOHV H LQGXVWULDOHV HQ ORV TXH SURFHGD VH FRORFDUi XQD FDMD
SDUD HO LQWHUUXSWRU FRQWURO GH SRWHQFLD ,&3 LQPHGLDWDPHQWH DQWHV GH ORV GHPiV
GLVSRVLWLYRV HQ FRPSDUWLPHQWR LQGHSHQGLHQWH \ SUHFLQWDEOH
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
&20326,&,Ï1
/LPLWDGRU GH VREUHWHQVLRQHV
&$5$&7(5Ë67,&$6 35,1&,3$/(6
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
*5$'2'((/(&75,),&$&,Ï1
%È6,&2 ,7&%7
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHHQODFH
*5$'2'((/(&75,),&$&,Ï1(/(9$'2 ,7&%7
,QVWDODFLRQHVLQWHULRUHV
6RQ ODV OtQHDV TXH SDUWHQ GHVGH HO FXDGUR JHQHUDO GH PDQGR \ SURWHFFLyQ \ GDQ VXPLQLVWUR D
ORV GLIHUHQWHV UHFHSWRUHV GH OD LQVWDODFLyQ ,7& D ,7&
$63(&726 *(1(5$/(6
6H VXEGLYLGLUiQ HQ FLUFXLWRV GH IRUPD TXH XQD SHUWXUEDFLyQ VROR DIHFWH D FLHUWDV SDUWHV GH
OD LQVWDODFLyQ VHJ~Q
,QVWDODFLRQHVLQWHULRUHV
,QVWDODFLRQHVLQWHULRUHV
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
3UHYLVLyQ\FiOFXORGHSRWHQFLDV
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
1. Introducción.
2. Previsión en edificios destinados principalmente a
viviendas.
3. Previsión en otro tipo de edificaciones.
4. Cálculo de potencias en una instalación en BT.
5. Reparto y equilibrado de potencias
6. Ejercicios de aplicación
,QWURGXFFLyQ
Potencia de las
instalaciones
/DVFDUJDVQR /DVFDUJDV
VRQFRQRFLGDV VRQFRQRFLGDV
35(9,6,Ï1'(&$5*$6 &È/&8/2'(327(1&,$6
3UHYLVLyQHQHGLILFLRVGHVWLQDGRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDYLYLHQGDV
(OHFWULILFDFLyQ %È6,&$
'HEH SHUPLWLU OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH ORV DSDUDWRV HOpFWULFRV GH XVR FRP~Q
HQ OD YLYLHQGD
(OHFWULILFDFLyQ (/(9$'$
¾3UHYLVLyQ GH XWLOL]DFLyQ GH FLUFXLWRV VXSHULRU D OD EiVLFD
¾&DOHIDFFLyQ HOpFWULFD DFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWR GH DLUH VHFDGRUD HWF
¾6XSHUILFLH ~WLO VXSHULRU D Pð
¾,QVWDODFLyQ SDUD UHFDUJD GH YHKtFXOR HOpFWULFR ,7&
3UHYLVLyQHQHGLILFLRVGHVWLQDGRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDYLYLHQGDV
&DUJDFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHDXQFRQMXQWRGHYLYLHQGDV
7DEOD
/D FDUJD FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH D XQ
,7&%7
FRQMXQWR GH YLYLHQGDV VH REWHQGUi
PXOWLSOLFDQGR OD PHGLD DULWPpWLFD GH
ODV SRWHQFLDV SUHYLVWDV HQ FDGD
YLYLHQGD SRU HO IDFWRU GH
VLPXOWDQHLGDG FRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
3UHYLVLyQHQHGLILFLRVGHVWLQDGRVSULQFLSDOPHQWHDYLYLHQGDV
36(59*(1( &DUJDSUHYLVWDHQVHUYLFLRVJHQHUDOHV
3/2&&20(5<2), &DUJDSUHYLVWDHQORFDOHVFRPHUFLDOHV\
RILFLQDV
6LVHGLVSRQHGHOGDWR
9DORUPtQLPR 0tQLPR:9 UHDOXWLOL]DUORVLHPSUH
:Pā3ODQWD \FXDQGRVHD!:
&RHILFLHQWH6LPXO (O&V
3*$5$-(6 &DUJDSUHYLVWDHQJDUDMHV
9DORUPtQLPR 0tQLPR:9
:Pā3ODQWD 9HQWLODFLyQ1$785$/ &RHILFLHQWH6LPXO
9DORUPtQLPR 0tQLPR:9
:Pā3ODQWD 9HQWLODFLyQ$57,),&,$/
&RHILFLHQWH6LPXO
3UHYLVLyQHQRWURWLSRGHHGLILFDFLRQHV
(GLILFLRVFRPHUFLDOHVRGHRILFLQD
0tQLPR:9
9DORUPtQLPR
:Pā3ODQWD &RHILFLHQWH6LPXO
&RQFHQWUDFLyQGHLQGXVWULDV
0tQLPR:9
9DORUPtQLPR
:Pā3ODQWD &RHILFLHQWH6LPXO
&DUJDGHYHKtFXORVHOpFWULFRV 3OD]DVGHDSDUFDPLHQWRR
HVWDFLRQDPLHQWRVFROHFWLYRVHQHGLILFLRVRORFDOHV
9DORUPtQLPR
:[GHOQ~PHURWRWDOGHSOD]DV[&V GHODLQVWDODFLyQ
&iOFXORGHSRWHQFLDVHQXQDLQVWDODFLyQHQ%7
327(1&,$,167$/$'$
327(1&,$0È;,0$$'0,6,%/(
&iOFXORGHSRWHQFLDVHQXQDLQVWDODFLyQHQ%7
327(1&,$'(&È/&8/2
&6 &RHILFLHQWHGHVLPXOWDQHLGDG
02725(6 ,7&%7
$/80%5$'2 ,7&%7
3&$/$/80% ā3/È0'('(6&$5*$3/È0,1&$1'(6&(17(6
$3$5$726(/(9$'25(6 ,7&%7
3&$/(/(9$' ā3$3$5(/(9$'25(6
&2(),&,(17('(6,08/7$1(,'$'
&6
&iOFXORGHSRWHQFLDVHQXQDLQVWDODFLyQHQ%7
327(1&,$&2175$7$'$
POTENCIA DE CONTRATACIÓN (Watios)
Amperios 230 V. (II) 400 V. (III)
3RWHQFLD TXH VH GHVHD FRQWUDWDU HQ OD ICP
5HSDUWR\HTXLOLEUDGRGHSRWHQFLDV
&iOFXORDQLYHOWULIiVLFR &iOFXORDQLYHOPRQRIiVLFR
3 : , $ 35 : ,5 $
36 : ,6 $
37 : ,6 $
6ROXFLyQ,QFRUUHFWD
5HSDUWR\HTXLOLEUDGRGHSRWHQFLDV
&iOFXORDQLYHOWULIiVLFR &iOFXORDQLYHOPRQRIiVLFR
3 : , $ 35 : ,5 $
36 : ,6 $
37 : ,6 $
/DPHMRUVROXFLyQGHODVSRVLEOHV
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
'HWHUPLQDU OD SUHYLVLyQ GH FDUJDV GHO HGLILFLR GHVWLQDGR SULQFLSDOPHQWH D
YLYLHQGDV FRQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
(MHUFLFLR
'HWHUPLQDU OD SRWHQFLD GH FiOFXOR H LQVWDODGD GH OD VLJXLHQWH OtQHD
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
'HWHUPLQDU OD SRWHQFLD GH FiOFXOR H LQVWDODGD GH OD VLJXLHQWH OtQHD
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
'HWHUPLQDU OD SRWHQFLD LQVWDODGD \ SRWHQFLD GH FiOFXOR GHO VLJXLHQWH FXDGUR \ GH
ODV OtQHDV TXH SDUWHQ GHO PLVPR &RQVLGHUDU XQ &V HQ HO WRWDO GHO FXDGUR
81,9(56,'$'32/,7e&1,&$'(9$/(1&,$
(6&8(/$32/,7e&1,&$683(5,25'($/&2<
'(3$57$0(172'(,1*(1,(5Ë$(/e&75,&$
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
'LVHxR\FiOFXORGHOtQHDV
(OpFWULFDVHQ%7
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
DISEÑO Y CÁLCULO DE
LÍNEAS ELÉCTRICAS EN BT
1. Generalidades.
2. Cálculo por caída de tensión.
3. Cálculo por capacidad térmica.
4. Sección del conductor neutro.
5. Sección del conductor de protección.
6. Ejercicios de aplicación.
*HQHUDOLGDGHV
¢4XpFULWHULRVGHEHQWHQHUVHHQFXHQWDHQHOFiOFXORGH
VHFFLRQHV"
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
9Pi[!5%7
*HQHUDOLGDGHV
¢4XpFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVLQLFLDOHVGHEHQWHQHUVHHQFXHQWD"
7LSRGHHMHFXFLyQRLQVWDODFLyQ
0RQWDMH7XERVXSHUILFLDO
(OHFFLyQGHOWLSRGHLQVWDODFLyQVHJ~Q5%7 WXERHPSRWUDGR
HQWHUUDGRHWF
0DWHULDOFRQGXFWRU
/RVPiVXWLOL]DGRV&2%5(<$/80,1,2
:āmm
m
U cu ccu
m :āmm
&
:āmm m
U Al c Al
m :āmm
*HQHUDOLGDGHV
0DWHULDOGHDLVODPLHQWR
/RVPiVXWLOL]DGRV
(35(WLOHQR3URSLOHQR ³7HUPRHVWDEOH´
;/3(3ROLHWLOHQR5HWLFXODGR³7HUPRHVWDEOH´
39&3ROLFORUXUR GH9LQLOR³7HUPRSOiVWLFR´
1RWD$LVODPLHQWRWHUPRSOiVWLFRDEDVHGHSROLROHILQD =VRQHTXLYDOHQWHVD39&
*HQHUDOLGDGHV
7HQVLyQGHDLVODPLHQWR
/RVPiVXWLOL]DGRVHQ%7
9,7&%7 ,QVWDODFLRQHVLQWHULRUHVRUHFHSWRUDV
.9,7&%7 $pUHDV ,7&%7 6XEWHUUiQHDV
9DULDFLyQGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHXQFRQGXFWRUFRQOD
WHPSHUDWXUD
RT R C ā> D ā T @
UT U C ā> D ā T @
D Cu D $O
*HQHUDOLGDGHV
)HQyPHQRVRHIHFWRVDFRQVLGHUDUHQFD
()(&723(/,&8/$5
)(1Ï0(126'(,1'8&&,Ï1
Z R jX
&iOFXORSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
=/Ë1($
A B
V cl V
iP
6L=/Ë1($ !VHSURGXFHXQDFDtGD
GHWHQVLyQHQWUH$\%
οܸ௫ &DtGDGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDSHUPLWLGDHQODOtQHD
&iOFXORSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
&DtGDVGHWHQVLyQPi[LPDVDGPLVLEOHV
)XHQWH5%7 ,7&\
,7&(OYDORUGHODFDtGDGHWHQVLyQHQWUHODV'HULYDFLRQHV,QGLYLGXDOHV
\ORV&LUFXLWRVLQWHULRUHVSRGUiQFRPSHQVDUVH
&iOFXORSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
&iOFXORSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
&iOFXORSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
$OLPHQWDFLyQGHXQDVRODFDUJD0212)È6,&$HQFD
A B
V cl V
iP
āiāFRVM āl
v
ParaV d PP cāsāV
X v d vmáx
āPāl
v
cāsāV
127$(VWDVH[SUHVLRQHVVRQYiOLGDVSDUDFXDOTXLHUVHFFLyQHQ
FF(QHVWHFDVRVXSULPLU³FRVM´GHODH[SUHVLyQ
&iOFXORSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
P
'V AB ā R X ātagM ā
V
3āO
ParaV t PP '9$% ā 5 X ; X āWDJM ā
X z 9
݈ܲ
Ψܸ ൌ ʹͲͲ ሺܴ௨ ܺ௨ ߮ሻ
ܸଶ
58 5HVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQGXFWRUSRUXQLGDGGHORQJLWXG
;8 5HDFWDQFLDGHOFRQGXFWRUSRUXQLGDGGHORQJLWXG
127$(QDOLPHQWDFLRQHVPRQRIiVLFDVODVVHFFLRQHVVRQPX\LQIHULRUHVD
PP
&iOFXORSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
$OLPHQWDFLyQGHXQDVRODFDUJD75,)È6,&$HQFD
A B
V cl V
iP
3
'9$% 5 ;āWDJM ā
9
3āO
ParaV t PP '9$% 5 X ; X āWDJM ā
X z 9
݈ܲ
Ψܸ ൌ ͳͲͲ ሺܴ௨ ܺ௨ ߮ሻ
ܸଶ
58 5HVLVWHQFLDGHOFRQGXFWRUSRUXQLGDGGHORQJLWXG
;8 5HDFWDQFLDGHOFRQGXFWRUSRUXQLGDGGHORQJLWXG
&iOFXORSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
$OLPHQWDFLyQGHYDULDVFDUJDVGLVWULEXLGDVFRQVHFFLyQ
XQLIRUPH
L l l l
L l l
L l
A B c V C D
V l l l
&DtGDGHWHQVLyQ
'VAD 'VAB 'VBC 'VCD
HQODOtQHD
VAD VAB VBC VCD
&iOFXORSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
8WLOL]DQGRODVH[SUHVLRQHVGHVFULWDVHQORVDSDUWDGRV
DQWHULRUHVSRGHPRVFDOFXODUORGHGRVIRUPDVGLIHUHQWHV
0HGLDQWH3RWHQFLDVRLQWHQVLGDGHVDFXPXODGDV
A B B C C D
V l V l V l
P P P P P P
&iOFXORSRUFDtGDGHWHQVLyQ
0HGLDQWHORQJLWXGHVDFXPXODGDV
A B A C
V L V L
iP i P
A D
V L
i P
97RWDO 9/ 9/ 9/
&iOFXORSRUFDSDFLGDGWpUPLFD
&RQGLFLyQ I B dI Z
,% ,QWHQVLGDGGHVHUYLFLR
,= ,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHSRUHOFRQGXFWRU
&iOFXORGHODLQWHQVLGDGGHVHUYLFLR ,%
&iOFXORSRUFDSDFLGDGWpUPLFD
&iOFXORGHODLQWHQVLGDGPi[LPDDGPLVLEOH ,=
5%7 'HSHQGHGHODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHODLQVWDODFLyQ
)DFWRUHVGHFRUUHFFLyQVHJ~Q5%7
$pUHDV,7&%7
5HGHVGH'LWULEXFLyQHQ%7
6XEWHUUiQHDV,7&%7
.9
,QVWDODFLRQHV,QWHULRUHV ,7&%7
R5HFHSWRUDV
9
6HFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRUQHXWUR
/tQHD*HQHUDOGH
$OLPHQWDFLyQ
'HULYDFLyQ,QGLYLGXDOH,QVWDODFLRQHV,QWHULRUHV
6HFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRUGHSURWHFFLyQ
3RUHMHPSORHOFRQGXFWRUGHWLHUUDVHSDUDGRGHOUHVWR
GHFRQGXFWRUHVHQHOLQWHULRUGHXQWXERLQGHSHQGLHQWH
3RUHMHPSORHOFRQGXFWRUGHWLHUUDVHSDUDGRGHOUHVWR
GHFRQGXFWRUHVHQWHUUDGRVLQWXER
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
(MHUFLFLR
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
(MHUFLFLR
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
6HFFLyQ GHO FRQGXFWRU SRU FDtGD GH WHQVLyQ \ FDSDFLGDG WpUPLFD &RQVLGHUDU TXH OD
VHFFLyQ HV XQLIRUPH HQ WRGD OD OtQHD
1~PHUR GH FRQGXFWRUHV \ DQRWDFLyQ OLWHUDO GH OD OtQHD HQ HO HVTXHPD XQLILODU
'LiPHWUR GH WXER
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
/tQHD*HQHUDOGH$OLPHQWDFLyQ 'HULYDFLRQHV,QGLYLGXDOHV
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
'HULYDFLRQHV,QGLYLGXDO /tQHDVLQWHULRUHV
(MHUFLFLR
'HULYDFLRQHV,QGLYLGXDO ///\/&6
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
/\/
7LSR &RQGXFWRUHVDLVODGRV
XQLSRODUHVHQHOLQWHULRUGHWXERV
HQPRQWDMHVXSHUILFLDO
&RQGXFWRU &X
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
&RUULHQWHVGHFRUWRFLUFXLWR\
SURWHFFLRQHVHOpFWULFDV
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
CÁLCULO DE CORRIENTES DE
CORTOCIRCUITO
1. Introducción.
2. Tipos de cortocircuito.
3. Intensidad máxima y mínima de c.c.
4. Cálculo de la c.c. en una instalación.
5. Ejercicios de aplicación.
,QWURGXFFLyQ
3DUDJDUDQWL]DUTXHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHSURWHFFLyQDEUDQORVFLUFXLWRVGH
ODLQVWDODFLyQDQWHVGHTXHVHSURGX]FDQGDxRVSHOLJURVRV
'HILQLFLyQ 81(
6REUHLQWHQVLGDG,QWHQVLGDGVXSHULRUDODQRPLQDO
&RUULHQWHGH6REUHFDUJD6REUHLQWHQVLGDGTXHVHSURGXFHHQXQFLUFXLWR
HOpFWULFDPHQWHVDQR
&RUULHQWHGH&RUWRFLUFXLWR6REUHLQWHQVLGDGSURGXFLGDSRUXQGHIHFWRGH
LPSHGDQFLDGHVSUHFLDEOHHQWUHSXQWRVTXHSUHVHQWDQXQDGLIHUHQFLDGH
SRWHQFLDOHQVHUYLFLRQRUPDO
7LSRVGHFRUWRFLUFXLWR
&RUWRFLUFXLWRWULIiVLFR
icc =
5
icc =
6 Carga
icc =
7
V
icc
āZ āZ
7LSRVGHFRUWRFLUFXLWR
&RUWRFLUFXLWRELIiVLFR &RUWRFLUFXLWRIDVHQHXWUR
icc =)
5
icc =)
=) Carga )
6 Carga
=1
=) 1
7
9 V
L FF icc
=) =) ā= ) ZF ZN ZF ZN
,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPD\PtQLPDGHFF
,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPDGHFF
1RVSHUPLWHGHWHUPLQDUHOSRGHUGHFRUWHGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGH
SURWHFFLyQ
&RPSUREDUODVHFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRUPHGLDQWHODFXUYDGHOLPLWDFLyQ
WpUPLFDGHOGLVSRVLWLYRGHSURWHFFLyQ
,QWHQVLGDGPtQLPDGHFF
&XDQGRVHXWLOL]DQLQWHUUXSWRUHVPDJQHWRWpUPLFRVQRVSHUPLWH
JDUDQWL]DUTXHGLVSDUDHOUHOpPDJQpWLFR
&XDQGRVHXWLOL]DQIXVLEOHVQRVSHUPLWHJDUDQWL]DUTXHpVWHIXQGH
LQFOXVRHQODPtQLPDFF
,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPD\PtQLPDGHFF
9DORUGHFUHVWDPi[LPRGHXQDFRUULHQWHGHFRUWRFLUFXLWR
1HFHVDULRSDUDGLPHQVLRQDUORVHPEDUUDGRVGHORVFXDGURVIUHQWHD
HVIXHU]RVHOHFWURGLQiPLFRV
1RVSHUPLWHGHWHUPLQDUHOSRGHUGHFLHUUHGHORVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHSURWHFFLyQ
2WDPELpQ
,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPD\PtQLPDGHFF
$QiOLVLVGHOYDORUGHODFRUULHQWHGHFRUWRFLUFXLWRDOR
ODUJRGHXQDOtQHD
)LQDO
,QLFLR
&DUJD
Se observa que:
,QWHQVLGDGGHFRUWRFLUFXLWR0È;,0$
(OYDORUGHODLQWHQVLGDGPi[LPDGHFRUWRFLUFXLWRGHXQDOtQHDVH
GHWHUPLQDFRQVLGHUDQGRODVVLJXLHQWHVUHJODV
$OLQLFLRGHODOtQHDRHQERUQHVGHOGLVSRVLWLYRGH
SURWHFFLyQ
(QVLVWHPDVPRQRIiVLFRVVHFRQVLGHUDXQ L FF
FRUWRFLUFXLWRIDVHQHXWUR
=) = 1
(QVLVWHPDVWULIiVLFRV FRQRVLQQHXWUR
VHFRQVLGHUDXQFRUWRFLUFXLWRWULIiVLFR
L FF
ā=
3DUDHOYDORUGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVVH
FRQVLGHUDUiXQDWHPSHUDWXUDGH&
,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPD\PtQLPDGHFF
,QWHQVLGDGGHFRUWRFLUFXLWR0Ë1,0$
(OYDORUGHODLQWHQVLGDGPtQLPDGHFRUWRFLUFXLWRGHXQDOtQHDVH
GHWHUPLQDFRQVLGHUDQGRODVVLJXLHQWHVUHJODV
$OILQDOGHODOtQHD
(QVLVWHPDVPRQRIiVLFRVRWULIiVLFRVFRQQHXWURVH
L FF
=) = 1
FRQVLGHUDXQFRUWRFLUFXLWRIDVHQHXWUR
(QVLVWHPDVWULIiVLFRVVLQQHXWURVHFRQVLGHUDXQ L FF
FRUWRFLUFXLWRELIiVLFR ā= )
/DWHPSHUDWXUDDFRQVLGHUDUHQHOFiOFXORGHODUHVLVWHQFLD
GHORVFRQGXFWRUHVVHUiGH& 39& \& ;/3(R
(35
&iOFXORGHODFFHQXQDLQVWDODFLyQ
)RUPDVSDUDLQLFLDUHOFiOFXORGHOD,FF
'HVGHHOWUDQVIRUPDGRU
(QHVWHFDVRGHEHPRVFRQRFHU
3RWHQFLDGHFRUWRFLUFXLWRHQHOODGRGH$7 1RVRWURVOD
GHVSUHFLDUHPRV
3RWHQFLDQRPLQDOGHOWUDQVIRUPDGRUHQ.9$
,PSHGDQFLDGHODUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQ\ODDFRPHWLGD
'HVGHOD&DMD*HQHUDOGH3URWHFFLyQ
/DHPSUHVDVXPLQLVWUDGRUDSURSRUFLRQDODLQWHQVLGDGGHFRUWRFLUFXLWRHQHO
SXQWRGHVXPLQLVWUR3DUDHVWLPDUODVFRPSRQHQWHV;\5KDVWDHOSXQWRGH
VXPLQLVWUR (VQHFHVDULRFRQRFHUODVHFFLyQGHODUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQ\
DFRPHWLGD
&RQFDUiFWHUJHQHUDOODLQWHQVLGDGGHFRUWRFLUFXLWRSUHYLVWDHQHO
1RUPDVGH,EHUGUROD RULJHQGHODLQVWDODFLyQGHHQODFH &*3 VHFRQVLGHUDUiGHN$
07 \SDUDHOFiOFXORGHOHPEDUUDGRGHODFHQWUDOL]DFLyQGH
FRQWDGRUHVGHN$
&iOFXORGHODFFHQXQDLQVWDODFLyQ
&iOFXORGHODLPSHGDQFLDGHOWUDQVIRUPDGRU
3RWHQFLD .9$
8FF
8UFF
=FF P2KP
5FF P2KP
;FF P2KP
8FFā9 8UFFā9
=FF 5FF ;FF =FF 5FF
ā6 ā6
/H\HQGD
6 3RWHQFLDDSDUHQWHGHOWUDQVIRUPDGRUHQ.9$
8FF &DtGDGH7HQVLyQGHFRUWRFLUFXLWRGHOWUDQVIRUPDGRUHQ
8UFF &DtGDGH7HQVLyQUHVLVWLYDGHFRUWRFLUFXLWRGHOWUDQVIRUPDGRUHQ
&iOFXORGHODFFHQXQDLQVWDODFLyQ
&iOFXORGHODLPSHGDQFLDGHXQDOtQHD
Z R jX
9DORUGH³;´ *XtD7pFQLFDGH$SOLFDFLyQ5%7
&iOFXORGHODFFHQXQDLQVWDODFLyQ
9DORUGH³5\;´VHJ~QODVHFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRU
9DORUGH³5\;´VHJ~QODVHFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRU
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD OtQHD GHO (MHUFLFLR Q GH OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1
'HWHUPLQDU HQ OD OtQHD
127$ &RQVLGHUDU KDVWD HO SXQWR ³$´ SDUD
,QWHQVLGDG Pi[LPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o ,FF0i[ =(4 )DVH M P:
,QWHQVLGDG PtQLPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o ,FF0tQ =(4 )DVH M P:
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD OtQHD GHO (MHUFLFLR Q GH OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1
'HWHUPLQDU HQ OD OtQHD
127$ &RQVLGHUDU KDVWD HO SXQWR ³$´ SDUD
,QWHQVLGDG Pi[LPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o ,FF0i[ =(4 )DVH M P:
,QWHQVLGDG PtQLPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o ,FF0i[ =(4 1HXWUR M P:
o ,FF0tQ =(4 )DVH M P:
o ,FF0tQ =(4 1HXWUR M P:
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD OtQHD GHO (MHUFLFLR Q GH OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1
'HWHUPLQDU HQ OD OtQHD
127$ &RQVLGHUDU KDVWD HO SXQWR ³$´ SDUD
,QWHQVLGDG Pi[LPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o ,FF0i[ =(4 )DVH M P:
,QWHQVLGDG PtQLPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o ,FF0tQ =(4 )DVH M P:
o ,FF0tQ =(4 1HXWUR M P:
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD OtQHD GHO (MHUFLFLR Q GH OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1
'HWHUPLQDU HQ OD OtQHD
127$
,QWHQVLGDG Pi[LPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o &RQVLGHUDU XQD ,FFPi[ $ GH N$
,QWHQVLGDG PtQLPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR HQ HO SXQWR $
o &RQVLGHUDU HQ ODV OtQHDV DQWHULRUHV
; FRQGXFWRUHV GH FREUH \
DLVODPLHQWR ;/3(
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD OtQHD GHO (MHUFLFLR Q GH OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1
'HWHUPLQDU HQ OD OtQHD
127$ &RQVLGHUDU KDVWD HO SXQWR ³$´ SDUD
,QWHQVLGDG Pi[LPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o ,FF0i[ =(4 )DVH M P:
,QWHQVLGDGHV PtQLPDV GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o ,FF0tQ =(4 )DVH M P:
o ,FF0tQ =(4 1HXWUR M P:
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD OtQHD GHO (MHUFLFLR Q GH OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1
'HWHUPLQDU SDUD /*$ ', \ ',
127$ &RQVLGHUDU KDVWD HO SXQWR GH
,QWHQVLGDG Pi[LPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR VXPLQLVWUR
,QWHQVLGDGHV PtQLPDV GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o 8Q WUDIR GH N9$
o /tQHD GH [ PP GH PHWURV
FRQ FRQGXFWRUHV XQLSRODUHV GH DOXPLQLR
EDMR WXER HQWHUUDGR
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD OtQHD GHO (MHUFLFLR Q GH OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1
'HWHUPLQDU WRGDV ODV OtQHDV
127$ &RQVLGHUDU KDVWD HO SXQWR GH
,QWHQVLGDG Pi[LPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR VXPLQLVWUR
,QWHQVLGDGHV PtQLPDV GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR o 8Q WUDIR GH N9$
o /tQHD GH [ PP GH PHWURV
FRQ FRQGXFWRUHV XQLSRODUHV GH DOXPLQLR
EDMR WXER HQWHUUDGR
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD OtQHD GHO (MHUFLFLR Q GH OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1
'HWHUPLQDU SDUD WRGDV ODV OtQHDV
N9$
[XPP
/RQJLWG P
$OXPLQLR ;/3(
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
SELECCIÓN DE PROTECCIONES
ELÉCTRICAS
1. Introducción.
2. Fusible.
3. Interruptor magnetotérmico.
4. Diferencial.
5. Protección contra sobretensiones.
6. Coordinación de protecciones.
7. Comprobación de la sección por cortocircuito.
8. Ejercicios de aplicación.
,QWURGXFFLyQ
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHLQWHQVLGDGHV
6REUHFDUJDV
&RUWRFLUFXLWRV
3URWHFFLyQGHSHUVRQDV
&RQWDFWRVGLUHFWRV
&RQWDFWRVLQGLUHFWRV
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
&DtGDGLUHFWDHLQGLUHFWDGHXQUD\R'HVFDUJDVDWPRVIpULFDV
0DQLREUDV\FRUWHVGHLQVWDODFLRQHV'HVFDUJDVGHPDQLREUD
)XVLEOHV
6HEDVDQHQODIXVLyQSRUHIHFWRGH-RXOHGHXQKLORR
OiPLQDLQWHUFDODGDHQODOtQHDFRPRSXQWRGpELO
Cortacircuito Fusible
Línea
0DWHULDOHVHPSOHDGRV
6HXWLOL]DXQPHWDORDOHDFLyQGHEDMRSXQWRGHIXVLyQD
EDVHGHSORPRHVWDxR]LQFHWF
)XVLEOHV
7LSRVGHIXVLEOHV
1ª Letra D% 2ª Letra
J³8VRV*HQHUDOHV´ /³/tQHDV´
D³'HDFRPSDxDPLHQWR´ 0³0RWRUHV´
*³8VRJHQHUDO´
/RVPiVXWLOL]DGRVVRQJ/J*D0 \J5
)XVLEOHV
3DUiPHWURVGHVHOHFFLyQ
,GHQWLILFDFLyQGHIXVLEOHD0J/J*J5 HWF
7LSR\7DPDxRGHOIXVLEOH
&DOLEUHRLQWHQVLGDGQRPLQDO
3RGHUGHFRUWH
&XUYDGHGLVSDUR
, I W
6tPERORJtD
)XVLEOHV
³&LOtQGULFRV´ ³'2´
³1+´ ³9LGULR´
)XVLEOHV
6HOHFFLyQGHXQ)XVLEOH
3527(&&,Ï1&2175$62%5(&$5*$6
&RQGLFLRQHV
,% ,QWHQVLGDGGHFiOFXORGHOFLUFXLWR $
,1 ,QWHQVLGDGQRPLQDORFDOLEUHGHOLQWHUUXSWRU
, % d, 1 d, = $
,= ,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHGHOFRQGXFWRU
$
,) ,QWHQVLGDGTXHJDUDQWL]DHO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
HIHFWLYRGHODSURWHFFLyQ $
, ) d[, =
7LSR
J/ \J*
)XVLEOHV
3527(&&,Ï1&2175$&2572&,5&8,72
,Q ,)XV V ,Q ,)XV V
&RQGLFLRQHV
3URWHJHFRQWUD62%5(&$5*$6\&2572&,5&8,726
3ULQFLSLRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
,QWHUUXSWRUPDJQHWRWpUPLFR
3DUiPHWURVGHVHOHFFLyQ
&DOLEUHRLQWHQVLGDGQRPLQDO $
3RGHUGHFRUWH N$
7HQVLyQQRPLQDO 9
1~PHURGHSRORV 3313331\3
&XUYDGHGLVSDUR
6LPERORJtD ,PSRUWDQWH
&XUYDGHGLVSDUR
W V
5HOpWpUPLFR
5HOpWpUPLFR(OHFWURPDJQpWLFR
(OHFWURPDJQpWLFR
V
,Q ,UP L $
,QWHUUXSWRUPDJQHWRWpUPLFR
,Q0DJQHWRWpUPLFRV
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $
$ $UHJ
&RFLHQWHHQWUHOD,QWHQVLGDGTXHGHVHDPRV
\OD,QWHQVLGDGQRPLQDOGHOGLVSRVLWLYR
,QWHUUXSWRUPDJQHWRWpUPLFR
7LSRVGHFXUYDV
,QWHUUXSWRUPDJQHWRWpUPLFR
$MXVWHVGHFXUYDV,QWHUUXSWRUHVDXWRPiWLFRVHOHFWUyQLFRV
,QWHUUXSWRUPDJQHWRWpUPLFR
7LSRVGHLQWHUUXSWRUHVDXWRPiWLFRVRPDJQHWRWpUPLFRV
,QWHUUXSWRUHVGHSHTXHxDSRWHQFLD
,QWHUUXSWRUHVGHJUDQSRWHQFLD
,QWHUUXSWRUPDJQHWRWpUPLFR
6HOHFFLyQGHXQLQWHUUXSWRUDXWRPiWLFR
3527(&&,Ï1&2175$62%5(&$5*$6
, % d, 1 d, =
,% ,1 ,=
,% ,QWHQVLGDGGHFiOFXORGHOFLUFXLWR $
,1 ,QWHQVLGDGQRPLQDORFDOLEUHGHOLQWHUUXSWRU $
,= ,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPDDGPLVLEOHGHOFRQGXFWRU $
,QWHUUXSWRUPDJQHWRWpUPLFR
6HOHFFLyQGHXQLQWHUUXSWRUDXWRPiWLFR
3527(&&,Ï1&2175$&2572&,5&8,726
9DORUGHO3&
,QWHUUXSWRUGLIHUHQFLDO
3527(&&,Ï1'(3(5621$6FRQWUDFRQWDFWRVGLUHFWRV
HLQGLUHFWRV
3ULQFLSLRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
) )
1 1
3 3
L L L L
L
L L
L LG
,QWHUUXSWRUGLIHUHQFLDO
)XQFLRQDPLHQWRGHO%RWyQGH3UXHED
8VRGHGLIHUHQFLDO7HWUDSRODU HQXQD
OtQHDVLQQHXWURGLVWULEXLGR
2%6(59$&,21(6
(QDOJXQRVGLIHUHQFLDOHVHOERWyQGH
SUXHEDXWLOL]DGRVIDVHVSRUORWDQWR
QRHVQHFHVDULRUHDOL]DUHOSXHQWH
(QRWURVHVQHFHVDULRUHDOL]DUHOSXHQWH
'LIHUHQFLDOPRQRIiVLFR PHGLDQWHXQDUHVLVWHQFLD
,QWHUUXSWRUGLIHUHQFLDO
3DUiPHWURVGHVHOHFFLyQ
&ODVH 3Uy[LPDVWUDQVSDUHQFLDV
&DOLEUHRLQWHQVLGDGQRPLQDO $
3RGHUGHFRUWH N$
7HQVLyQQRPLQDO 9
1~PHURGHSRORV 3R3
6HQVLELOLGDG P$P$P$HWF
6LPERORJtD
,QWHUUXSWRUGLIHUHQFLDO
,QWHUUXSWRUHVGHSHTXHxDLQWHQVLGDG
,QWHUUXSWRUHVGHJUDQLQWHQVLGDG
,QWHUUXSWRUGLIHUHQFLDO
&/$6,),&$&,Ï1
6HJ~QODIRUPDGHRQGDGHODFRUULHQWHGHIXJD
&ODVH $& (VWD HV OD FODVH HVWiQGDU $VHJXUD OD GHVFRQH[LyQ DQWH XQD FRUULHQWH
GLIHUHQFLDO DOWHUQD VHQRLGDO DSOLFDGD EUXVFDPHQWH R GH YDORU FUHFLHQWH
&ODVH $ HVWD FODVH SHUPLWH GHWHFWDU FRUULHQWHV GH IXJD DOWHUQDV R SXOVDQWHV FRQ
R VLQ FRPSRQHQWH FRQWLQXD DSOLFDGDV EUXVFDPHQWH R GH YDORU FUHFLHQWH /RV
LQWHUUXSWRUHV GLIHUHQFLDOHV GH HVWD FODVH VRQ HVSHFLDOPHQWH DSWRV SDUD SURWHJHU HTXLSRV
FRQ FRPSRQHQWHV HOHFWUyQLFRV DOLPHQWDGRV GLUHFWDPHQWH SRU OD UHG HOpFWULFD VLQ
FRQH[LyQ GH WUDQVIRUPDGRUHV
&ODVH % DSWRV SDUD ORV PLVPRV WLSRV GH FRUULHQWHV TXH OD FODVH $ HVWR
HV FRUULHQWH DOWHUQD \R FRQWLQXD SXOVDQWH \ DGHPiV SDUD FRUULHQWH FRQWLQXD DOLVDGD
,QWHUUXSWRUGLIHUHQFLDO
6HJ~QHOWLHPSRGHGLVSDUR
,QVWDQWiQHRV R 6HOHFWLYRV 6
/RV GLIHUHQFLDOHV VHOHFWLYRV SHUPLWHQ
DMXVWDU WLHPSRV GH UHWDUGR TXH
JDUDQWLFHQ OD VHOHFWLYLGDG HQ ODV
LQVWDODFLRQHV 6XHOHQ FRORFDUVH DJXDV
DUULED
5HFRQH[LyQDXWRPiWLFD
([LVWHQ GRV WLSRV GLIHUHQFLDOHV TXH KDFHQ YDULRV LQWHQWRV \ RWURV TXH LQWHQWDQ UHDUPDU
GH IRUPD LQGHILQLGD
,QWHUUXSWRUGLIHUHQFLDO
6HOHFFLyQGHSDUiPHWURVEiVLFRV
&DOLEUHRLQWHQVLGDGQRPLQDO $
, % d, 1
6HQVLELOLGDG P$P$P$$HWF
$QLYHOGHFDUJDVGHXWLOL]DFLyQ
P$ !$OXPEUDGR\RWURVXVRV
P$ !0RWRUHV
(Q9,9,(1'$6 ,7&%7 /DVHQVLELOLGDGPi[LPDHVGHP$
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
7UDQVLWRULDV 6REUHWHQVLRQHVGHPX\FRUWDGXUDFLyQ
SHURGHYDORUPX\HOHYDGR
7LSRVGH
VREUHWHQVLRQHV
3HUPDQHQWHV 6REUHWHQVLRQHVSRUHQFLPDGHOGH
ODWHQVLyQQRPLQDO 9 TXHVHPDQWLHQHQGXUDQWH
YDULRVFLFORVRGHIRUPDSHUPDQHQWH
6LWXDFLRQHVTXHFDXVDQVREUHWHQVLRQHVWUDQVLWRULDV
6REUHWHQVLRQHVGHELGDVDGHVFDUJDVDWPRVIpULFDV
6HGHEHQDODFDtGDGLUHFWDRLQGLUHFWDGHXQUD\R6RQODVPiVSHOLJURVDV
SRUTXHSRVHHQYDORUHVGHFUHVWDPX\HOHYDGRV\XQDDOWDHQHUJtD
1RVRQODVPiVIUHFXHQWHV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWHXQ
3XHGHQSURYRFDUWDQWRODGHVWUXFFLyQGHORVDSDUDWRVFRPRHOHQYHMHFLPLHQWR
SUHPDWXURGHORVPLVPRV
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
7LSRVGHVREUHWHQVLRQHVDWPRVIpULFDV
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
&RQVHFXHQFLDVGHODXPHQWRGHOSRWHQFLDOGHWLHUUD
$PXQFDEDOOR
HQWUHVXVSLHUQDV
9 9
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
6REUHWHQVLRQHVGHELGDVDPDQLREUDVHQODUHG
(VWiQFDXVDGDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHSRUFRQPXWDFLRQHVGHSRWHQFLDHQODVOtQHDV
HOpFWULFDVDFFLRQDPLHQWRGHPRWRUHVGLVSRVLWLYRVGHPDQGRHWF
6RQODVPiVKDELWXDOHV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
/DVVREUHWHQVLRQHVQRVRQPX\HOHYDGDVSRUORWDQWRODVFRQVHFXHQFLDV
VRQXQHQYHMHFLPLHQWRSUHPDWXURRPDOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHORVUHFHSWRUHV
&RQVHFXHQFLDVGHODVVREUHWHQVLRQHVWUDQVLWRULDV
(IHFWRVHQODVSHUVRQDV
7RFDUXQREMHWRFRQHFWDGRDWLHUUDHQHOPRPHQWRSUHFLVRHQHOTXHHVWDWLHUUD
HYDFXDODFRUULHQWHSXHGHFRQVWLWXLUXQJUDQULHVJRSDUDODSHUVRQD
(OULHVJRGHSHQGHUiGHODDPSOLWXG\GXUDFLyQGHODFRUULHQWHHOWUD\HFWR
VHJXLGRDWUDYpVGHOFXHUSRHWF,QFOXVRVHSRGUtDOOHJDUDODHOHFWURFXFLyQ
(IHFWRVHQORVPDWHULDOHV
&XDQGRXQDVREUHWHQVLyQDSOLFDGDDXQPDWHULDOVREUHSDVDHOQLYHOGH
DLVODPLHQWRHOPDWHULDOVHSXHGHGHVWUXLURHQYHMHFHUSUHPDWXUDPHQWH
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
6LWXDFLRQHVTXHRULJLQDQODVVREUHWHQVLRQHV3(50$1(17(6
&RUWHVGHOQHXWURHQODUHGGHGLVWULEXFLyQ
'HIHFWRVGHFRQH[LyQGHOFRQGXFWRUQHXWUR
'HIHFWRVHQORVFHQWURVGHWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ
'LVSRVLWLYRVGHSURWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
6REUHWHQVLRQHV /LPLWDGRUHVGHVREUHWHQVLyQ
7UDQVLWRULDV
'LVSRVLWLYRVTXHGHVFDUJDQDWLHUUDODV
VREUHWHQVLRQHVWUDQVLWRULDV
6REUHWHQVLRQHV %RELQDVGHGLVSDURGHVREUHWHQVLyQ
3HUPDQHQWHV
%RELQDVGHGLVSDURGHVREUHWHQVLyQTXHSURYRFDQ
HOGLVSDURGHOLQWHUUXSWRUPDJQHWRWpUPLFR
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
3ULQFLSDOHVSDUiPHWURVGHXQOLPLWDGRUGHVREUHWHQVLRQHV
,QWHQVLGDGPi[LPD³,Pi[´ 0i[LPDLQWHQVLGDGGHGHVFDUJDTXHSXHGHDJXDQWDUHO
OLPLWDGRUXQDVRODYH]
,QWHQVLGDGQRPLQDO³,Q´ ,QWHQVLGDGTXHHOOLPLWDGRUSXHGHGHVFDUJDUYHFHVVLQ
GDxDUVH
7HQVLyQPi[LPDHQUpJLPHQSHUPDQHQWH³8F´ HVHOYDORUHILFD]GHWHQVLyQPi[LPRTXH
SXHGHDSOLFDUVHSHUPDQHQWHPHQWHDORVERUQHVGHOGLVSRVLWLYRGHSURWHFFLyQ6XYDORU
GHEHVHUVXSHULRUDODWHQVLyQPi[LPDSHUPDQHQWHSHUPLWLGDHQODLQVWDODFLyQ
7HQVLyQUHVLGXDO³8S´ (VODWHQVLyQTXHDSDUHFHHQWUHORVH[WUHPRVGHOOLPLWDGRUFXDQGR
HVDWUDYHVDGRSRUODLQWHQVLGDG3DUDTXHHOUHFHSWRUQRVXIUDGDxRVRVHGHVWUX\DOD
WHQVLyQUHVLGXDOWLHQHTXHVHUPHQRUTXHODWHQVLyQPi[LPDVRSRUWDGDSRUHOUHFHSWRU
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
¢&XiQGRGHEHLQVWDODUVHXQOLPLWDGRUGHVREUHWHQVLRQHV"
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
,03257$17(
$OJXQDV&RPXQLGDGHV$XWyQRPDVHQVXV1RUPDV3DUWLFXODUHV2%/,*$1D
3527(*(572'$6/$6,167$/$&,21(6FRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
75$16,725,$6<3(50$1(17(6
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
3ULQFLSDOHVFRPSRQHQWHVXWLOL]DGRVHQORVOLPLWDGRUHV
9DULVWRUHV
/RVPiVHPSOHDGRVVHFRQVWUX\HQXWLOL]DQGRÏ[LGRGHFLQF =Q2
(VXQDUHVLVWHQFLDQROLQHDOFX\RYDORUGHVFLHQGHFRQODWHQVLyQDSOLFDGDHQ
VXVERUQHV
9HQWDMDV
5HODFLyQHQHUJtDGLVLSDGDFRVWH
,QFRQYHQLHQWHV
'HVFDUJDVGHSRFDHQHUJtDSURYRFDQVXHQYHMHFLPLHQWR
'HVFDUJDVPD\RUHVSURYRFDQVXGHVWUXFFLyQ\VHTXHGDQHQ
FRUWRFLUFXLWR3RUHOORODQRUPDWLYDH[LJHTXHVHVHxDOLFHOD
DYHUtD
5HSUHVHQWDFLyQVLPEyOLFD
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
'HVFDUJDGRUHV
(OPiVHPSOHDGRHVHOGHJDV
9HQWDMDV
)XHUWHSRGHUGHGLVLSDFLyQGHHQHUJtD
&RUULHQWHGHIXJDGHVSUHFLDEOH
6HUHFRPSRQHFXDQGRFHVDODGHVFDUJD
,QFRQYHQLHQWHV
7LHPSRGHUHVSXHVWDOHQWR
³8F´PD\RUTXHHOYDULVWRU
5HSUHVHQWDFLyQVLPEyOLFD
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
7LSRVGHOLPLWDGRUHVHQIXQFLyQGHODRQGDGHHQVD\R
3DUDODVLQVWDODFLRQHVTXHSUHVHQWDQXQULHVJRPX\DOWRGH
/LPLWDGRU&ODVH GHVFDUJDVDWPRVIpULFDVRFXDQGRODLQVWDODFLyQGLVSRQJDGH
PV SDUDUUD\RVHWF6HVXHOHQFRORFDUHQHORULJHQGHOD
LQVWDODFLyQ
3DUDODVLQVWDODFLRQHV XUEDQDVUXUDOHVUHVLGHQFLDO
/LPLWDGRU&ODVH LQGXVWULDOHWF TXHWLHQHQSUREDELOLGDGGHFDtGDGHUD\RV
PV 1RUPDOPHQWHVHFRORFDHQHOFXDGURJHQHUDOGH
SURWHFFLyQ
/LPLWDGRU&ODVH $VHJXUDQXQDSURWHFFLyQILQD6HVLW~DQHQFDVDGDFRQORV
PV OLPLWDGRUHVGHFDEHFHUDFODVH6HFRORFDQFHUFDQRVDO
UHFHSWRU
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
(MHPSORGHLQVWDODFLyQTXHLQFOX\HODVWUHVFODVHVGH
OLPLWDGRUHV
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
(MHPSORVGHFRORFDFLyQGHOLPLWDGRUGHVREUHWHQVLyQ
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
3URWHFFLyQFRQWUDVREUHWHQVLRQHV
/LPLWDGRUHVHQFKXIDEOHV /LPLWDGRUHVFRQDXWRPiWLFR
GHGHVFRQH[LyQ
/LPLWDGRUHVQRHQFKXIDEOHV
&RRUGLQDFLyQGHSURWHFFLRQHV
)LOLDFLyQ
/D )LOLDFLyQ HV OD WpFQLFD SRU OD FXDO VH DXPHQWD HO SRGHU GH FRUWH GH XQ
LQWHUUXSWRU DXWRPiWLFR DO FRRUGLQDUOR FRQ RWUR GLVSRVLWLYR GH SURWHFFLyQ FRORFDGR
DJXDV DUULED (VWD FRRUGLQDFLyQ KDFH SRVLEOH XVDU XQ GLVSRVLWLYR GH SURWHFFLyQ
FRQ XQ SRGHU GH FRUWH TXH HV PHQRU TXH OD FRUULHQWH Pi[LPD GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR
SUHYLVWD HQ XQ SXQWR GH OD LQVWDODFLyQ
(VWp FRPELQDGR FRQ XQ GLVSRVLWLYR DJXDV DUULED TXH WHQJD HO SRGHU GH FRUWH
QHFHVDULR HQ VX SURSLR SXQWR GH LQVWDODFLyQ
6ROXFLyQ5HFRPHQGDGD &RQVXOWDUWDEODVGHILOLDFLyQ
GHIDEULFDQWHV
&RRUGLQDFLyQGHSURWHFFLRQHV
6HOHFWLYLGDG
/D 6HOHFWLYLGDG FRQVLVWH HQ JDUDQWL]DU HO
IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GH OD SURWHFFLyQ LQPHGLDWDPHQWH
DJXDV DUULED GHO GHIHFWR JHQHUDGR HQ XQD OtQHD
GH OD LQVWDODFLyQ VLQ SHUWXUEDU HO UHVWR
6(/(&7,9,'$'727$/ 6(/(&7,9,'$'3$5&,$/
6ROXFLyQ5HFRPHQGDGD &RQVXOWDUWDEODVGHVHOHFWLYLGDG
GHIDEULFDQWHV
&RRUGLQDFLyQGHSURWHFFLRQHV
6HOHFWLYLGDGGHGLIHUHQFLDOHV (PSOHDUGLIHUHQFLDOHV6HOHFWLYRV
5%75HWDUGRPi[LPRGHV
6HOHFWLYLGDG7RWDO 126HOHFWLYLGDG7RWDO
6ROXFLyQ5HFRPHQGDGD &RQVXOWDUWDEODVGHVHOHFWLYLGDG
GHIDEULFDQWHV
&RPSUREDFLyQGHODVHFFLyQSRUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
3527(&&,Ï1,0$*1(727e50,&26
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHV
(OGLVSRVLWLYRGHSURWHFFLyQGHEHDEULUHOFLUFXLWRDQWHVGHTXHHOFRQGXFWRU
DOFDQFHODWHPSHUDWXUDPi[LPDGHFRUWRFLUFXLWR
([SUHVLyQGHFiOFXOR
3527(&&,Ï1,0$*1(727e50,&26
7LHPSRTXHHVFDSD]GH . āV
VRSRUWDUHOFRQGXFWRUOD Wt
,FF
,FF
&RPSUREDFLyQGHODVHFFLyQSRUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
'HWHUPLQDFLyQGHODHQHUJtDSDVDQWH $āV
,FFāW 'DWRVIDEULFDQWH
'HWHUPLQDFLyQGHODHQHUJtDVRSRUWDGD $āV
. āV
6 6HFFLyQGHOFRQGXFWRU PP
. &RQVWDQWHGHOFDEOH
9DORU . 39& ;/3((35
&REUH
$OXPLQLR
&RPSUREDFLyQGHODVHFFLyQSRUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
&XUYD%
0DJQHWRWpUPLFR ';
/(*5$1'
&RPSUREDFLyQGHODVHFFLyQSRUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
&XUYD&
0DJQHWRWpUPLFR ';
/(*5$1'
&RPSUREDFLyQGHODVHFFLyQSRUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
&XUYD'
0DJQHWRWpUPLFR ';
/(*5$1'
&RPSUREDFLyQGHODVHFFLyQSRUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
&XUYD&
0DJQHWRWpUPLFR ';
/(*5$1'
&RPSUREDFLyQGHODVHFFLyQSRUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
&XUYD'
0DJQHWRWpUPLFR ';
/(*5$1'
&RPSUREDFLyQGHODVHFFLyQSRUFRUWRFLUFXLWR
3527(&&,Ï1)86,%/(6
'RQGH
. āV
, DGP V
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR SDUD HVWH HMHUFLFLR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1 \ GH ODV
LQWHQVLGDGHV GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR FDOFXODGDV HQ HO WHPD DQWHULRU GH HVWD 8QLGDG 'LGDFWLFD
6H SLGH
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR SDUD HVWH HMHUFLFLR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1 \ GH ODV
LQWHQVLGDGHV GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR FDOFXODGDV HQ HO WHPD DQWHULRU GH HVWD 8QLGDG 'LGDFWLFD
6H SLGH
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR SDUD HVWH HMHUFLFLR GH OD VHFFLyQ FDOFXODGD HQ OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1 \ GH ODV
LQWHQVLGDGHV GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR FDOFXODGDV HQ HO WHPD DQWHULRU GH HVWD 8QLGDG 'LGDFWLFD
6H SLGH
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLRGH8'
3DUWLHQGR SDUD HVWH HMHUFLFLR GH ODV VHFFLRQHV FDOFXODGDV HQ OD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD 1 \ GH
ODV LQWHQVLGDGHV GH FRUWRFLUFXLWR FDOFXODGDV HQ HO WHPD DQWHULRU GH HVWD 8QLGDG 'LGiFWLFD
6H SLGH
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
,QVWDODFLRQHVGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
8QLGDG'LGiFWLFD
PUESTA A TIERRA
1. Introducción.
2. Composición de una instalación de puesta a tierra.
3. Cálculo de la resistencia de tierra.
4. Separación y unión de tomas de tierra.
5. Ejercicio de aplicación
,QWURGXFFLyQ
6LVWHPDVGHGLVWULEXFLyQSHUPLWLGRVSRU5%7 ,7&%7
,7
77
6HUHTXLHUHFRQWLQXLGDG
HQHOVHUYLFLRTXLUyIDQRV
HWF
716 71&
(Q(VSDxDQRVHXVDSUiFWLFDPHQWH
,QWURGXFFLyQ
'HILQLFLyQGHODSXHVWDRFRQH[LyQDWLHUUD
,7&%7
(V OD XQLyQ GH WRGDV ODV SDUWHV PHWiOLFDV
GH XQD LQVWDODFLyQ VLQ IXVLEOHV QL RWURV
VLVWHPDV GH SURWHFFLyQ GH VHFFLyQ
DGHFXDGD \ XQR R YDULRV HOHFWURGRV
HQWHUUDGRV HQ HO VXHOR FRQ REMHWR GH
FRQVHJXLU TXH HQ HO FRQMXQWR GH
LQVWDODFLRQHV HGLILFLRV \ VXSHUILFLHV
SUy[LPDV DO WHUUHQR QR H[LVWDQ GLIHUHQFLDV
GH SRWHQFLDO SHOLJURVDV \ TXH DO PLVPR
WLHPSR SHUPLWD HO SDVR D WLHUUD GH ODV
FRUULHQWHV GH GHIHFWR R OD GH GHVFDUJD GH
RULJHQ DWPRVIpULFR
,QWURGXFFLyQ
2EMHWLYRVGHODSXHVWDDWLHUUD
9 HQ ORFDOHV VHFRV
9 HQ YLYLHQGDV \ ORFDOHV
3URWHJHWDQWRDORVHTXLSRVFRPR
K~PHGRV DODVSHUVRQDVGHGLIHUHQFLDVGH
SRWHQFLDOSHOLJURVDV
,QWURGXFFLyQ
(VTXHPD77
8VRGHGLIHUHQFLDOHV
,I
,G ,K
9 5$ 9F 5+
,I
,K
,G
5%
1RWD&XDQWRPiVSHTXHxDVHD5$PHQRUHV,K
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
7RPDGH7LHUUD
&RQGXFWRUGHWLHUUDR
OtQHDGHHQODFHFRQOD
WRPDGHWLHUUD
%RUQHVGHSXHVWDD
WLHUUD
&RQGXFWRUHVGH
SURWHFFLyQ
&RQGXFWRUHV
HTXLSRWHQFLDOHV
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
7RPDGHWLHUUD
7LSRVGH(OHFWURGRV
3LFDV\WXERV 3OHWLQDV\FRQGXFWRUHVGHVQXGRV
3ODFDV 0DOODV
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
8QLRQHVDWLHUUD
6ROGDGXUD
*UDSD GH FRQH[LyQ 6ROGDGXUD $OXPLQRWpUPLFD DXWyJHQD
$UTXHWDVGHFRQH[LyQ
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVDWHQHUHQFXHQWD
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVDWHQHUHQFXHQWD
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVDWHQHUHQFXHQWD
/DV GLPHQVLRQHV PtQLPDV UHFRPHQGDGDV SDUD ORV HOHFWURGRV GH SXHVWD D WLHUUD
VRQ ODV VLJXLHQWHV ,7& %7
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
&RQGXFWRUHVGHWLHUUDROtQHDGHHQODFHFRQWLHUUD
6H FRQRFH FRPR OtQHD GH HQODFH R FRQGXFWRUHV GH WLHUUD D ORV
TXH FRQHFWDQ DO FRQMXQWR GH HOHFWURGRV R DQLOOR FRQ HO ERUQH
SULQFLSDO R SXQWR GH SXHVWD D WLHUUD
/tQHDGHHQODFH
FRQWLHUUD
6HFFLRQHVPtQLPDVGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVFRQWLHUUD
1RREVWDQWHVHUHFRPLHQGDPP
HQ&REUH *XtD%7
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
%RUQHSULQFLSDOGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
(Q WRGD LQVWDODFLyQ GH SXHVWD D WLHUUD GHEH SUHYHUVH XQ
ERUQH SULQFLSDO GH WLHUUD DO FXDO GHEHQ XQLUVH ORV VLJXLHQWHV
FRQGXFWRUHV
/D OtQHD GH HQODFH FRQ WLHUUD
/RV FRQGXFWRUHV GH SURWHFFLyQ
/RV FRQGXFWRUHV GH XQLyQ HTXLSRWHQFLDO SULQFLSDO
/RV FRQGXFWRUHV GH SXHVWD D WLHUUD IXQFLRQDO R GH
VHUYLFLR VL VRQ QHFHVDULRV 6X REMHWLYR QR
JDUDQWL]DU OD VHJXULGDG VH XWLOL]D SDUD JDUDQWL]DU
XQ YDORU GH UHIHUHQFLD SDUD HO IXQFLRQDPLHQWR
DGHFXDGR GH GHWHUPLQDGRV HTXLSRV 3XHVWD D WLHUUD
GHO QHXWUR FHQWUDO GH WHOHFRPXQLFDFLRQHV HWF
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
&RQGXFWRUHVGHSURWHFFLyQ
/RV FRQGXFWRUHV GH SURWHFFLyQ XQHQ ODV PDVDV GH XQD LQVWDODFLyQ \ ORV HOHPHQWRV
PHWiOLFRV TXH SXHGDQ H[LVWLU FRQ ODV OtQHDV GH WLHUUD 6H XWLOL]DQ SDUD OD SURWHFFLyQ GH
FRQWDFWRV LQGLUHFWRV
6HFFLRQHVPtQLPDVGHORVFRQGXFWRUHVGHSURWHFFLyQ
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
&RQGXFWRUHVGHHTXLSRWHQFLDOLGDG
6RQ DTXHOORV TXH FRQHFWDQ HOpFWULFDPHQWH WRGDV ODV PDVDV PHWiOLFDV GH OD HVWUXFWXUD
GH XQ HGLILFLR R GH XQ UHFLQWR FRQ HO ILQ GH HYLWDU GLIHUHQFLDV GH SRWHQFLDO HQWUH HOODV
&RQGXFWRUSULQFLSDOGHHTXLSRWHQFLDOLGDG
/D VHFFLyQ GHO FRQGXFWRU HTXLSRWHQFLDO SULQFLSDO QR VHUi LQIHULRU D OD PLWDG GHO
FRQGXFWRU GH SURWHFFLyQ SULQFLSDO PDV JUDQGH FRQ XQ PtQLPR GH PPð 1R
REVWDQWH VL HV GH FREUH OD VHFFLyQ SXHGH UHGXFLUVH D XQ PtQLPR GH PPð
0tQLPRPPð
PPðVLHVGHFREUH
&DQDOL]DFLyQGHDJXD
&RPSRVLFLyQGHXQDLQVWDODFLyQGHSXHVWDDWLHUUD
&RQGXFWRUHVGHHTXLSRWHQFLDOLGDG FRPSOHPHQWDULRV
6RQ ORV FRQGXFWRUHV TXH XQHQ HO UHVWR GH PDVDV PHWiOLFDV GH OD
YLYLHQGD R ORFDO D ORV FRQGXFWRUHV GH SURWHFFLyQ /D VHFFLyQ GH ORV
HVWRV FRQGXFWRUHV QR VHUiQ LQIHULRUHV D OD PLWDG GH OD XWLOL]DGD
SDUD HO FRQGXFWRU GH SURWHFFLyQ FRQ HO TXH VH XQH
&iOFXORGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHWLHUUD
6LHQGR
5$ /D VXPD WRWDO GH OD UHVLVWHQFLD GH OD WRPD GH WLHUUD
,D /D LQWHQVLGDG Pi[LPD GH GHIHFWR D WLHUUD
8 7HQVLyQ GH FRQWDFWR OtPLWH FRQYHQFLRQDO
&iOFXORGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHWLHUUD
&iOFXORGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHWLHUUD
([SUHVLRQHVGHFiOFXORGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHWLHUUD
Z^/^dE/>d/ZZ>>dZKK
d/WK>dZKK Z^/^dE/M,D/K;ёͿ
W/sZd/>
U
R
L
KEhdKZEdZZK,KZ/KEd>DEd
U
R ā
L
W>EdZZWZK&hEDEd;WK^///MEsZd/>Ϳ
P
R ā
L
W>EdZZ^hWZ&//>DEd;WK^//ME,KZ/KEd>Ϳ P
R ā
L
D>>d/ZZ U U
R
ār L
>ĞLJĞŶĚĂ
Z ZĞƐŝƐƚĞŶĐŝĂĚĞƚŝĞƌƌĂĚĞůĞůĞĐƚƌŽĚŽ
U ZĞƐŝƐƚŝǀŝĚĂĚĚĞůƚĞƌƌĞŶŽĞŶ:ͼŵ
W WĞƌşŵĞƚƌŽĚĞůĂƉůĂĐĂĞŶŵ
> >ŽŶŐŝƚƵĚĞŶŵĞƚƌŽƐĚĞůĂƉŝĐĂŽĚĞůĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽƌ͕ĞŶŵĂůůĂůĂůŽŶŐŝƚƵĚƚŽƚĂůĚĞůŽƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŽƌĞƐĞŶƚĞƌƌĂĚŽƐ͘
ƌ ZĂĚŝŽĞŶŵĞƚƌŽƐĚĞƵŶĐşƌĐƵůŽĚĞůĂŵŝƐŵĂƐƵƉĞƌĨŝĐŝĞƋƵĞĞůĄƌĞĂĐƵďŝĞƌƚĂƉŽƌůĂŵĂůůĂ͘
&iOFXORGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHWLHUUD
5HVLVWLYLGDGGHOWHUUHQR
9DORUHVRULHQWDWLYRVGHODUHVLVWLYLGDGGHOWHUUHQR ,7&%7
&iOFXORGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHWLHUUD
5HVLVWLYLGDGGHOWHUUHQR
9DORUHVPHGLRVDSUR[LPDGRVGHODUHVLVWLYLGDGGHOWHUUHQR ,7&%7
8VRFRPELQDGRGHFRQGXFWRUHQWHUUDGR\SLFDV 6ROXFLyQDSUR[LPDGD
&RQH[LyQGHWLHUUDVHQSDUDOHOR
&iOFXORGHODUHVLVWHQFLDGHWLHUUD
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVDWHQHUHQFXHQWD
3LFDYHUWLFDO
&XDQGR H[LVWHQ YDULDV SLFDV HQ SDUDOHOR OD VHSDUDFLyQ HQWUH HOODV VHUi FRPR
PtQLPR HO GREOH GH OD ORQJLWXG GH OD SLFD 6H UHFRPLHQGD YHFHV OD ORQJLWXG
&RQGXFWRUHVHQWHUUDGRV
/D FRORFDFLyQ GH FRQGXFWRUHV HQ WUD]DGR VLQXRVR GHQWUR GH OD ]DQMD QR PHMRUD
OD UHVLVWHQFLD GHO HOHFWURGR GH SXHVWD D WLHUUD
6HSDUDFLyQ\XQLyQGHWRPDVGHWLHUUD
7,(55$'(/$,167$/$&,Ï1'(%7
3XHVWDDWLHUUDGHODLQVWDODFLyQHQ%7
6HSDUDFLyQ\XQLyQGHWRPDVGHWLHUUD
6HSDUDFLyQ\XQLyQGHWRPDVGHWLHUUD
7RPDVGHWLHUUDLQGHSHQGLHQWHV
6HJ~Q ,7& %7 GRV WLHUUDV VRQ LQGHSHQGLHQWHV FXDQGR XQD GH HOODV QR
DOFDQFH UHVSHFWR D XQ SRWHQFLDO FHUR XQD WHQVLyQ VXSHULRU D 9 FXDQGR
SRU OD RWUD FLUFXOD OD Pi[LPD FRUULHQWH GH GHIHFWR D WLHUUD SUHYLVWD
(Q OD *XtD 7pFQLFD %7 VH LQGLFDQ ORV SDVRV SDUD UHDOL]DU HVWD PHGLGD
6LHQGR
''LVWDQFLDPtQLPDHQWUHODVWRPDVGHWLHUUD P
U5HVLVWLYLGDGGHOWHUUHQR :āP
,G,QWHQVLGDGGHGHIHFWRDWLHUUD $ HQHOODGRGH$7 'DWRVXPLQLVWUDGR
SRUODFRPSDxtD 3DUD,EHUGURODHVXVXDO$
89SDUDVLVWHPDVGHGLVWULEXFLyQ77
6HSDUDFLyQ\XQLyQGHWRPDVGHWLHUUD
3RVLELOLGDGGHXQLUODWLHUUDGHODVPDVDVGHO&7\OD
WLHUUDGHODLQVWDODFLyQGH%7
127$,QWHQWDUVHSDUDUODVWLHUUDVVLHPSUHTXHVHDSRVLEOH
D 9HUWDEODVLJXLHQWHWUDQVSDUHQFLD
6LHQGR
9FD 7HQVLyQGHFRQWDFWRDSOLFDGDDGPLVLEOH
,G,QWHQVLGDGGHGHIHFWRDWLHUUD $ HQHOODGRGH$7 'DWRVXPLQLVWUDGRSRUOD
FRPSDxtD (Q,EHUGURODHVXVXDO$DXQTXHGHSHQGHGHOWLSRGHSXHVWDD
WLHUUDHQ07
5W5HVLVWHQFLDFRQMXQWDGHODVPDVDVGHO&7\ODLQVWDODFLyQ%7
WWLHPSRPi[LPRGHGXUDFLyQGHOGHIHFWRHQ$7 'DWRVXPLQLVWUDGRSRUOD
FRPSDxtD(Q,EHUGURODGDQ³,GāW ´SDUDUHGHVGHKDVWD.9
6HJ~Q,7&%7\,7&5$7
6HSDUDFLyQ\XQLyQGHWRPDVGHWLHUUD
,7&5$7
ܸ ʹͲͶ
ܴ ݐൌ ൌ ൌ ͲǡͶͳ ȳ 'LItFLOGHFRQVHJXLU
ܫௗ ͷͲͲ
(MHUFLFLRVGHDSOLFDFLyQ
(MHUFLFLR
/D )LJXUD PXHVWUD OD GLVWULEXFLyQ HQ SODQWD GH OD FLPHQWDFLyQ GH XQ HGLILFLR (Q HOOD FRQ
OtQHD GH WUD]R URMR VH KD GLEXMDGR HO WUD]DGR GHO FRQGXFWRU GH PP GH FREUH GHVQXGR
TXH FRPSUHQGH OD WRPD GH WLHUUD GH OD HGLILFDFLyQ
6DELHQGR TXH OD UHVLVWLYLGDG GHO WHUUHQR HV GH :āP