Chapiter 6 CALCUL TRIGONOMETRIQUE

Propriété y (+)
(∀x ∈ R) : sin2 (x) + cos2 (x) = 1 J

 M(α)

 2 1
 cos (x) =


tan(α)

π 1 + tan2 (x)
∀x 6= + kπ/k ∈ Z : sin(α)
2 
 2 tan2 (x)
 sin (x) =


1 + tan2 (x) α
  I′ O I x
π sin(x)
∀x ∈ R\ + kπ/k ∈ Z : tan(x) = cos(α)
2 cos(x)
Resultat
 
a
On pose t = tan
2
1 − t2 2t J′
cos(a) = et sin(a) =
1 + t2 1 + t2

y (+) (+)
π
2 π
π π
+α 2 π
−α
2π √
3 2 2
3 3
3π √ 2 π
4 2 4
2
5π π
1 6
6
2
π−α α

π 0 π α 0
−π √ 0 √ √ x −π
− 3
2 √
− 12 1
2
2 3
2 2
− 22
π+α −α

− π2 − π2

x 0 π
6
π
4
π
3
π
2 . π
−α (π − α) π
+α (π + α)
√ √ 2 2
1 2 3
sin(x) 0 2 2 2
1 sin cos(α) sin(α) cos(α) − sin(α)
√ √
3 2 1
cos(x) 1 2 2 2
0 cos sin(α) − cos(α) − sin(α) − cos(α)
√ √ 1
tan(x) 0 3
3
1 3 V.I tan tan(α)
− tan(α) −1
tan(α)
tan(α)

(Csin ) et (Ccos ) sur [−3π; 3π]

1 − (Csin )

| | | | | | | | | | | |
−3π − 5π −2π − 3π −π − π2 O
π π 3π 2π 5π 3π
2 2 2 2 2
−1−
(Ccos )
 x 7−→ sin(x) x 7−→ cos(x)

∀x ∈ R : −1 6 sin(x) 6 1 ∀x ∈ R : −1 6 cos(x) 6 1

∀x ∈ R : sin(−x) = − sin(x) ∀x ∈ R : cos(−x) = cos(x)

∀k ∈ Z : sin(x + 2kπ) = sin(x) ∀k ∈ Z : cos(x + 2kπ) = cos(x)

∀k ∈ Z : sin(x + kπ) = (−1)k sin(x) ∀k ∈ Z : cos(x + kπ) = (−1)k cos(x)

∀n ∈ N : sin(n π2 ) = (−1)n ∀n ∈ N : cos(nπ) = (−1)n

 
 x = α + 2kπ  x = α + 2kπ
sin(x) = sin(α) ⇐⇒ ;k ∈ Z cos(x) = cos(α) ⇐⇒ ;k ∈ Z
 
x = π − α + 2kπ x = −α + 2kπ

Cas particuliers Cas particuliers

sin(x) = 1 ⇐⇒ x= π
2
+ 2kπ, k∈Z cos(x) = 1 ⇐⇒ x = 2kπ, k∈Z

sin(x) = 0 ⇐⇒ x = kπ, k∈Z cos(x) = 0 ⇐⇒ x= π

2
+ kπ, k∈Z

sin(x) = −1 ⇐⇒ x = − π2 + 2kπ, k∈Z cos(x) = −1 ⇐⇒ x = x = π + 2kπ, k∈Z

Transformation de sin (a + b) Transformation de cos(a b)

sin(a + b) = sin(a) cos(b) + cos(a) sin(b) cos(a + b) = cos(a) cos(b) − sin(a) sin(b)
sin(a − b) = sin(a) cos(b) − cos(a) sin(b) cos(a − b) = cos(a) cos(b) + sin(a) sin(b)

sin(2a) = 2 sin(a) cos(a) cos(2a) = cos2 (a) − sin2 (a)

= 2 cos2 (a) − 1
Resultat sin(a) = 2 sin a2 cos a2 Resultat
= 1 − 2 sin2 (a)
2 1−cos(2a) 1+cos(2a)
sin (a) = 2 cos2 (a) = 2

Transformation de sommes en produits Transformation de sommes en produits

       
sin(p) + sin(q) = 2 sin p+q
2
cos p−q
2
cos(p) + cos(q) = 2 cos cos p−q2
p+q
2
       
sin(p) − sin(q) = 2 cos p+q
2
sin p−q
2
cos(p) − cos(q) = −2 sin p+q
2
sin p−q2

Transformation de produits en sommes Transformation de produits en sommes

1
  1
 
sin(a) sin(b) = 2
cos (a + b) − cos (a − b) cos(a) cos(b) = 2
cos (a + b) + cos (a − b)

i h n o
(Ctan ) sur − 3π
2
; 3π
2
\ − π2 ; π2 x 7−→ tan(x)
π
y ∀x ∈ R\ 2
+ kπ|k ∈ Z : tan(−x) = − tan(x)
∀k ∈ Z, tan(x + kπ) = tan(x)
(Ctan )
tan(x) = tan(α) ⇐⇒ x = α + kπ, k ∈ Z
tan(a)+tan(b)
tan(a + b) = 1−tan(a) tan(b)
tan(a)−tan(b)
tan(a − b) = 1+tan(a) tan(b)
− 3π
2
−π − π2 O π
2
π 3π
2
x
2 tan(a) 1−cos(2a)
tan(2a) = 1−tan2 (a)
tan2 (a) = 1+cos(2a)

sin(a+b)
tan(a) + tan(b) = cos(a) cos(b)
sin(a−b)
tan(a) − tan(b) = cos(a) cos(b)

Transformation de l’expression: a cos(x) + b sin(x) (a, b) 6= (0; 0)

 
√ cos(α) = √ a
a cos(x) + b sin(x) = a2 + b2 √ 2a 2 cos(x) + √ 2b 2 sin(x) a2 +b2
a +b a +b tel que
√ sin(α) = √ 2b 2
= a2 + b2 cos(x − α) a +b