ESTRUCTURAS METALICAS

Para la estructura metálica de la figura proponer secciones optimas para la viga y arriostramiento de acero
Grado 36, verificando que se cumpla los requisitos de diseño según la norma AISC-360.

Longitudes
L1 ≔ 300 cm L3 ≔ 210 cm L5 ≔ 150 cm
P1D ≔ 2.4 tonnef P1L ≔ 2.4 tonnef
L2 ≔ 300 cm L4 ≔ 120 cm
P2D ≔ 2.4 tonnef P2L ≔ 4.8 tonnef

Longitudtensor ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
L1 2 + L3 2 = 366.197 cm P3D ≔ 3.6 tonnef P3L ≔ 3.60 tonnef

Areas e Inercias
Vigas

taltura ≔ 550 mm

tbase ≔ 240 mm

talma ≔ 15 mm

tpatin ≔ 20 mm

talma ⋅ ⎛⎝taltura - 2 ⋅ tpatin⎞⎠ 3 tbase

Ix ≔ ―――――――― + ―― ⋅ ⎛⎝taltura 3 - ⎛⎝taltura - 2 ⋅ tpatin⎞⎠ 3 ⎞⎠
12 12

Ix = 84029.375 cm 4

Ag ≔ ⎛⎝tpatin ⋅ tbase⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝tbase ⋅ tpatin⎞⎠ + ⎛⎝taltura - tpatin - tpatin⎞⎠ ⋅ talma = 172.5 cm 2

Tensor
Tensor

tonnef
Es ≔ 2045 ⋅ ―――
cm 2

Ixtensor ≔ 258.272 cm 4 SX ≔ 9 tonnef

Atensor ≔ 23.3902 cm 2
SZ ≔ 6 tonnef

Requisitos de diseño

Atensor = 23.39 cm 2
cm ET ≔ 29000 ksi
tbase = 240 mm tpatin = 20 mm Fy ≔ 36 ksi

tpatin = 20 mm taltura = 550 mm talma = 15 mm

PATIN
tbase ‾‾‾
ET
―― λP ≔ 0.38 ⋅ ―― = 10.785
2 Fy
――= 6
tpatin

ALMA

taltura - 2 ⋅ tpatin ‾‾‾

ET
―――――= 34 λP ≔ 3.76 ⋅ ―― = 106.717
talma Fy

Tensores:

‾‾‾‾‾‾
Ixtensor
r≔ ――― = 3.323 cm
Atensor

Longitudtensor
R ≔ ――――― = 110.203
r

k⋅L
―― < 200 PASA ESBELTEZ
R ≤ 200 r

Determinar los grados de libertad

 Liberar los grados de libertad
θ1 ≔ 1

⎡ K1 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
a
⎢ 1 ⎥
θ1 ＝ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ -b ⎥
⎢ 1⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦

θ2 ≔ 1

⎡ a1 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
K + K2 + K3
⎢ 1 ⎥
⎢ a2 ⎥
θ2 ＝ ⎢ ⎥
a3
⎢ ⎥
⎢ b2 - b1 ⎥
⎢⎣ -b3 ⎥⎦
 θ3 ≔ 1

⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢a ⎥
⎢ 2⎥
K
θ3 ＝ ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢b ⎥
⎢ 2⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦

θ4 ≔ 1

⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ a ⎥
⎢ 3 ⎥
0 ⎥
θ4 ＝ ⎢
⎢ K3 ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ -b3 ⎦

Δz5 ≔ 1

⎡ -b1 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
b2 - b1
⎢ ⎥
⎢ b2 ⎥
Δz5 ＝
⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢t +t +k ⎥
⎢ 1 2 yy6 ⎥
⎢⎣ -kxy6 ⎥⎦
Δx6 ≔ 1

⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ -b ⎥
3
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥
Δx6 ＝
⎢ -b3 ⎥
⎢ -k ⎥
xy6
⎢ ⎥
⎣ t3 + kxx6 ⎦

Coeficiente de Rigidez
4 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix K1
K1 ≔ ―――= 2291200.958 tonnef ⋅ cm K1 ≔ ――――
L1 tonnef ⋅ cm

4 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix K2
K2 ≔ ―――= 2291200.958 tonnef ⋅ cm K2 ≔ ――――
L2 tonnef ⋅ cm

4 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix K3
K3 ≔ ―――= 3273144.226 tonnef ⋅ cm K3 ≔ ――――
L3 tonnef ⋅ cm

2 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix
a1 ≔ ―――= 1145600.479 tonnef ⋅ cm a1
L2 a1 ≔ ――――
tonnef ⋅ cm

2 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix
a2 ≔ ―――= 1145600.479 tonnef ⋅ cm a2
L2 a2 ≔ ――――
tonnef ⋅ cm

2 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix
a3 ≔ ―――= 1636572.113 tonnef ⋅ cm a3
L3 a3 ≔ ――――
tonnef ⋅ cm
6 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix
b1 ≔ ――― = 11456.005 tonnef b1
L1 2 b1 ≔ ―――
tonnef

6 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix b2
b2 ≔ ――― = 11456.005 tonnef b2 ≔ ―――
L2 2 tonnef

6 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix b3
b3 ≔ ――― = 23379.602 tonnef b3 ≔ ―――
L3 2 tonnef

12 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix tonnef t1 ⋅ cm
t1 ≔ ―――― 3
= 76.373 ――― t1 ≔ ―――
L1 cm tonnef

12 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix tonnef t2 ⋅ cm
t2 ≔ ―――― 3
= 76.373 ――― t2 ≔ ―――
L2 cm tonnef
 12 ⋅ Es ⋅ Ix tonnef t3 ⋅ cm
t3 ≔ ―――― = 222.663 ――― t3 ≔ ―――
L3 3 cm tonnef

Atensor ⋅ Es ⎛ 3m ⎞2 tonnef
kxx6 ≔ ――――― ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 87.665 ――― kxx6 ⋅ cm
Longitudtensor ⎝ Longitudtensor ⎠ cm kxx6 ≔ ―――
tonnef

Atensor ⋅ Es ⎛ 2.10 m ⎞2 tonnef kyy6 ⋅ cm

kyy6 ≔ ――――― ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 42.956 ――― kyy6 ≔ ―――
Longitudtensor ⎝ Longitudtensor ⎠ cm tonnef

Atensor ⋅ Es ⎛ 3m ⎞ ⎛ 2.10 m ⎞ tonnef kxy6 ⋅ cm

kxy6 ≔ ――――― ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜――――― ⎟ = 61.366 ――― kxy6 ≔ ―――
Longitudtensor ⎝ Longitudtensor ⎠ ⎝ Longitudtensor ⎠ cm tonnef

Matriz de Rigidez

⎡ K1 a1 0 0 -b1 0 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
a K1 + K2 + K3 a2 a3 b2 - b1 -b3
⎢ 1 ⎥
⎢ 0 a2 K2 0 b2 0 ⎥
K≔⎢
0 a3 0 K3 0 -b3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ -b1 b2 - b1 b2 0 t1 + t2 + kyy6 -kxy6 ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 -b3 0 -b3 -kxy6 t3 + kxx6 ⎥⎦

⎡ 2291200.958 1145600.479 0 0 -11456.005 0 ⎤

⎢ 1145600.479 7855546.143 1145600.479 1636572.113 0 -23379.602 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
0 1145600.479 2291200.958 0 11456.005 0
K=⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 1636572.113 0 3273144.226 0 -23379.602 ⎥
⎢ -11456.005 0 11456.005 0 195.703 -61.366 ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 -23379.602 0 -23379.602 -61.366 310.328 ⎥⎦

Desplazamientos

P1D = 2.4 tonnef P1L = 2.4 tonnef

P1D ⋅ L1 MA1
MA1 ≔ ――― = 90 tonnef ⋅ cm MA1 ≔ ――――
8 tonnef ⋅ cm

P1D ⋅ L1
MB1 ≔ -――― = -90 tonnef ⋅ cm
8 MB1
MB1 ≔ ――――
P1D tonnef ⋅ cm
RD1 ≔ ―― = 1.2 tonnef
2 RD1
RD1 ≔ ――――
tonnef ⋅ cm
RD2 ≔ RD1
 CO
sin ((θ)) ＝ ―― θ ≔ 35 °
H CA
cos ((θ)) ＝ ――
H
Pyy ≔ sin ((θ)) ⋅ P2D
Pxx ≔ cos ((θ)) ⋅ P2D
Pyy = 1.377 tonnef
Pxx = 1.966 tonnef

ΣM ＝ 0

MA2 ≔ P3D ⋅ L5 = 540 tonnef ⋅ cm

V ≔ P3D

CO CA
sin ((θ)) ＝ ―― θ ≔ 35 ° cos ((θ)) ＝ ――
H H

Pxx ≔ cos ((θ)) ⋅ P2L

Pyy ≔ sin ((θ)) ⋅ P2L
Pxx = 3.932 tonnef
Pyy = 2.753 tonnef
 Por carga muerta
⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎡ 90 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥
AD ≔ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 540 ⎥ ADL ≔ ⎢
-90 ⎥
⎢ -10.98 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢⎣ 1.97 ⎥⎦ ⎢ 2.4 ⎥
⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦

⎡ -0.001105 ⎤
⎢ -0.000194 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
0.001299 ⎥
DD ≔ K -1 ⋅ ⎛⎝AD - ADL⎞⎠ = ⎢
⎢ -0.000272 ⎥ Δz5 ≔ -0.232486
⎢ -0.232486 ⎥
⎢⎣ -0.074708 ⎥⎦ Δx6 ≔ -0.074708

Por carga viva

⎡ 90 ⎤
⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ -90 ⎥
0 ADL1 ≔ ⎢
AD1 ≔ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 540 ⎥ ⎢ 2.4 ⎥
⎢ -12.353 ⎥ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
⎢⎣ 3.93 ⎥⎦

⎡ -0.00115 ⎤
⎢ -0.00017 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
0.00132 ⎥
DL ≔ K -1 ⋅ ⎛⎝AD1 - ADL1⎞⎠ = ⎢
⎢ -0.00019 ⎥ Δz5b ≔ -0.23995
⎢ -0.23995 ⎥
⎢⎣ -0.06221 ⎥⎦ Δx6b ≔ -0.06221

Por carga de sismo

⎡ 0 ⎤ ⎡0⎤
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢0⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
0 ⎥ 0
ADs ≔ ⎢ ADLS ≔ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎢0⎥
⎢ -6 ⎥ ⎢0⎥
⎢⎣ 9 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 ⎥⎦

⎡ -0.000201 ⎤
⎢ 0.000120 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
0.000081 ⎥
DS ≔ K -1 ⋅ ⎛⎝ADs - ADLS⎞⎠ = ⎢ Δz5c ≔ -0.028171
⎢ 0.000372 ⎥
⎢ -0.028171 ⎥ Δx6c ≔ 0.060525
⎢⎣ 0.060525 ⎥⎦
Desplazamientos por carga muerta
Δz5a ≔ -0.232486 ⋅ cm = -0.002 m
Longitudtensor = 366.197 cm
Δx6a ≔ -0.074708 ⋅ cm = -7.471 ⋅ 10 -4 m

Lf ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛⎝3 m + Δx6a⎞⎠ 2 + ⎛⎝2.10 m - Δz5a⎞⎠ 2 = 366.26886 cm

Δ ≔ Lf - Longitudtensor = 0.0722 cm

Atensor ⋅ Es
TD1 ≔ ――――― ⋅ Δ = 9.4299 tonnef
Longitudtensor

Desplazamientos por carga viva Δz5b ≔ -0.23995 ⋅ cm = -0.002 m

Δx6b ≔ -0.06221 ⋅ cm = -0.001 m

Longitudtensor = 366.197 cm

Lf ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛⎝3 m + Δx6b⎞⎠ 2 + ⎛⎝2.10 m - Δz5b⎞⎠ 2 = 366.28338 cm

Δ ≔ Lf - Longitudtensor = 0.0867 cm

Atensor ⋅ Es
TL2 ≔ ――――― ⋅ Δ = 11.3263 tonnef
Longitudtensor

Desplazamientos por carga sísmica

Δz5c ≔ -0.028171 ⋅ cm = -0.028 cm

Longitudtensor = 366.197 cm
Δx6c ≔ 0.060525 ⋅ cm = 0.061 cm

Lf ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛⎝3 m + Δx6c⎞⎠ 2 + ⎛⎝2.10 m - Δz5c⎞⎠ 2 = 366.26241 cm

Δ ≔ Lf - Longitudtensor = 0.0657 cm

Atensor ⋅ Es Longitudtensor = 366.197 cm

TS3 ≔ ――――― ⋅ Δ = 8.5869 tonnef
Longitudtensor
 Combinaciones de carga

1.4 ⋅ TD1 = 13.202 tonnef

1.2 ⋅ TD1 + 1.6 ⋅ TL2 = 29.438 tonnef

1.2 ⋅ TD1 + TL2 + TS3 = 31.229 tonnef

1.2 ⋅ TD1 + TL2 - TS3 = 14.055 tonnef

TU ≔ 31.216 tonnef
0.9 ⋅ TD1 + TS3 = 17.074 tonnef

0.9 ⋅ TD1 - TS3 = -0.1 tonnef

ϕ ≔ 0.9
Atensor = 23.39 cm 2

ϕPn ≔ ϕ ⋅ Fy ⋅ Atensor = 53.282 tonnef

TU
―― = 0.586
ϕPn

FEXX ≔ 70 ksi ϕ ≔ 0.75 tp ≔ 0.25 in

Dt ≔ 4 in
⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ tp + ―in ⎟
⎜ ――― 8 ⎟
π ⎜ 2 ⎟ Dt
D ≔ 2 in θ ≔ ―- atan ⎜―――― ⎟ = 84.644 ° R≔―
2 Dt 2
⎜ ― ⎟
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

R ⋅ sin ((θ)) 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
x ≔ ―――― - ―⋅ ⎜tp + ―in ⎟ = 1.16039 in
θ 2 ⎝ 8 ⎠

⎛ ⎛ x ⎞ 3.2⎞ -10
U ≔ ⎜1 + ⎜―⎟ ⎟ = 0.828
⎝ ⎝ Dt ⎠ ⎠

ttensor ≔ 0.313 in
⎛ 1 ⎞
An ≔ Atensor - 2 ⋅ ⎜tp + ― in ⎟ ⋅ ttensor = 3.43 in 2
⎝ 16 ⎠

Ae ≔ U ⋅ An = 18.321 cm 2
 FU ≔ 58 ksi ϕ ≔ 0.75

ϕRn ≔ ϕ ⋅ FU ⋅ Ae = 123.528 kip

Resultados obtenidos.
Por rotura Por fluencia

TU TU
―― = 0.557 ―― = 0.586
ϕRn ϕPn

Dados los resultados obtenidos la fluencia le gana a la rotura por lo tanto la falla es dúctil,

Matriz de coeficientes relacionados con el tipo de acción

⎡ a K 0 0 -b1 0 ⎤
AMD ≔ ⎢ 1 1 ⎥
⎣ 0 K2 a2 0 b2 0 ⎦

Carga Muerta

Matriz de fuerzas internas relacionados con el tipo de acción

⎡ -90 ⎤
AML1 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 90 ⎥⎦

⎡ 863.211 ⎤
AM ≔ ⎛⎝AML1 + AMD ⋅ DD⎞⎠ tonnef ⋅ cm = ⎢ tonnef ⋅ cm
⎣ -1530.15 ⎥⎦

MID ≔ AM = 863.211 tonnef ⋅ cm MDD ≔ AM = -1530.15 tonnef ⋅ cm

0 1

Carga Viva

Matriz de fuerzas internas relacionados con el tipo de acción

⎡ -90 ⎤
AML2 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 90 ⎥⎦

⎡ 948.603 ⎤
AM ≔ ⎛⎝AML2 + AMD ⋅ DL⎞⎠ tonnef ⋅ cm = ⎢ tonnef ⋅ cm
⎣ -1530.3 ⎥⎦

MIL ≔ AM = 948.603 tonnef ⋅ cm MDL ≔ AM = -1530.3 tonnef ⋅ cm

0 1

Sismo

Matriz de fuerzas internas relacionados con el tipo de acción

⎡0⎤
AML ≔ ⎢ ⎥
⎣0⎦
 ⎡ 367.724 ⎤
AM ≔ ⎛⎝AML + AMD ⋅ DS⎞⎠ tonnef ⋅ cm = ⎢ ⎥⎦ tonnef ⋅ cm
⎣ 45

MIE ≔ AM = 367.724 tonnef ⋅ cm MDE ≔ AM = 45 tonnef ⋅ cm

0 1

Momentos Izquierda Momentos Derecha

1.4 ⋅ MID = 1208.495 tonnef ⋅ cm 1.4 ⋅ MDD = -2142.21 tonnef ⋅ cm

1.2 ⋅ MID + 1.6 ⋅ MIL = 2553.618 tonnef ⋅ cm 1.2 ⋅ MDD + 1.6 ⋅ MDL = -4284.66 tonnef ⋅ cm

1.2 ⋅ MID + MIL + MIE = 2352.18 tonnef ⋅ cm 1.2 ⋅ MDD + MDL + MDE = -3321.48 tonnef ⋅ cm

1.2 ⋅ MID + MIL - MIE = 1616.732 tonnef ⋅ cm 1.2 ⋅ MDD + MDL - MDE = -3411.48 tonnef ⋅ cm

0.9 ⋅ MID + MIE = 1144.613 tonnef ⋅ cm 0.9 ⋅ MDD + MDE = -1332.135 tonnef ⋅ cm

0.9 ⋅ MID - MIE = 409.166 tonnef ⋅ cm 0.9 ⋅ MDD - MDE = -1422.135 tonnef ⋅ cm

MU ≔ 1.2 ⋅ MDD + 1.6 ⋅ MDL = -4284.66 tonnef ⋅ cm

CÁLCULO DEL MOMENTO PLÁSTICO

Determinación del centroide la figura inferior y distancia al eje neutro plástico

Zx ≔ 3519.345 cm 3 Uso de la calculadora

Momento Plástico

MP ≔ Fy ⋅ Zx = 8907.64 tonnef ⋅ cm ϕ ≔ 0.9

MLRFD ≔ ϕ ⋅ MP = 8016.876 tonnef ⋅ cm
RELACIÓN DEMANDA-CAPACIDAD
MU
――― = -0.534 La viga si pasa los esfuerzos requeridos.
MLRFD

LONGITUD DE ARRIOSTRAMIENTO

Iy ≔ 4622.344 cm 4

‾‾‾
ET
‾‾‾
Iy Lp ≔ 1.76 ⋅ ry ⋅ ―― = ? cm
ry ≔ ― = 5.177 cm Fy
Ag