�educalia

� editorial
Primera edición, 2014

Autoras: Verónica Real Marte/ Belén Pascual Lence

Maquetación: Verónica Real Marte
Edita: Educalia Editorial
ISBN: 978-84-942595-8-6
Depósito Legal: V-1411-2014

Printed in Spain / Impreso en España

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 �educalia
� edttorlal
Contents
Vocabulary Reading

Computer • Types of computers • How computers work: the

architecture • Peripherals motherboard and the CPU

a Operating
systems
• Operating systems
• Graphical User Interface
• An accidental revolutionary

iJ Networking
• Networks
• Phrasal verbs
• The basics of computer networking

o The Internet
• TCP/IP address
• The World Wide Web
•Web 3.0

E Office software
• Word processors
• Spreadsheets and data bases
• Open-source software

m Programming • Programming languages •Java

• Computer security • Avoiding risks

a Security

(;] Applications and

multimedia • Types of applications

• Waiters or machines?
• Multimedia

e The world of work I • Jobs in IT and Telecoms • Job adverts

mJ The world of work 11

• Working conditions
• Working in Europe
• Personal qualities
 Grammar Listening Speaking Writing
1

• Revision of the present • Characteristics of a • Buying and selling a • A far and against
tense computer computer essay

• Revision of the past • lnstalling an 05 • lnvestigating a crime • A biography

tense

• Modal verbs • Calling IT support • Troubleshooting • Giving advice

problems

• Revision of the future • Blogs • Making an oral • Predicting the

tense presentation future

• Questions •A talk • Dealing with •A survey

complaints

• Giving instructions • Web programmers • An online tutorial • A set of instructions

• Conditionals • Cybercrimes • Discussion: illegal •An email of

downloading apology

• The passive • Google Glasses • Creating an application •Tweeting

• Reported speech • Description of •A video CV •ACV

a company

• Tense revision • A job interview • A job interview • A cover letter

Vocabulary list pp. 98-102 Transcripts pp. 103-107 Grammar pp. 108-123 Irregular verbs p. 124 Acronyms p. 125
 .......... _ ... �
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g
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Revision of the present tense

(D Read the table and complete the rules. Write present simple, present perfect and present continuous.
The present tense

1. We use the to: 3. We use the to talk about:

- Give factual information.
The motherboard contains the processor, the memory
chips, expansion slots, and controllers far peripherals.
- Talk about routine activities
I trove/ abroad on business every month.
Sorne verbs are often used in the present simple rather
than in the present continuous, for example, want, like,
know, need, understand.
We understand how computers work. {NOT: We are
understanding how computers work.)
2. We use the to:
- Actions that started in the past and continue to the
present.
I hove been an IT consultant since 2012. (1 still work asan
IT consultant)
- Personal experiences, especially with ever and never
I hove never worked with databases.
Hove you ever worked with databases?
- Past actions with a connection to the present. We
hove designed a new webpage far the company.
for and since
- We use for to refer to a period of time.
!'ve been a graphic designer for five years.

- Describe an action happening at the time of speaking.

The technician is fixing my computer now.
- Describe a temporary situation.
l'm staying at the Hilton until Saturday.
- Talk about future arrangements. He's
moving to a new office next week.
- Talk about a changing situation.
They are deve/oping a new operating system.
- We use since to refer to a point in time.
!'ve been a graphic designer since 2010.
already and yet
- We use already in affirmative sentences.
They hove already scanned the PC far viruses.
- We use yet in negative sentences and questions.
I haven't sent you the email yet.

@ Complete the text. Use the present simple or present continuous forms of the verbs in brackets.
Danny Stammers (a) (start) work at 9 am and (b) (finish) around 6 pm. The
company he (e) (work) for, AppWorld, (d) (develop) mobile applications and
(e) (sell) them to other businesses.
At present he (f) (work) on an important project as part of a team with other IT professionals.

They (g) (create) a mobile application for taxi drivers and clients. The application
(h) (allow) users to find a taxi. When you (i) (click) the app, it (j) _
(determine) your current location and (k) (provide) a list of the nearest cab companies.
Mobile application companies (1) (become) more and more popular nowadays so he

(m) (be) always very busy. He (n) (spend) most of his time working in Valencia
but once a month he (o) (go) to other countries to meet his colleagues there. Next week he
(p) (go) to the head office in Amsterdam because they (q) (have) a meeting
to officially announce thatthey (r) (launch) the beta version of the application in two months.

@ Write questions for these answers.

a) Mike prints all his documents in the offic:e.
b) The team is meeting next Tuesday.
e) We're looking for a new PC because this one is old-fashioned.
d) Brad maintains the computers in our company.

10
 Grammar: Revision of the past tense Speaking: lnvestigating a crime
Listening: lnstalling an OS Writing: A biography

• What is an operating system?

• When we talk about applications, what

Operating systems are we talking about?
• What is the difference between hardware
and software?

G) Look at the diagram and answer the questions in pairs.

The Standard OS Model

Software

@
Hardware
EJEJG
Read this text about operating systems and complete it with the words in the box.

Mac OS - programs - GUI - manage - software - hardware - kernel - WIMP - hidden - layers - smartphone

An operating system (OS) is (1) that communicates with the (2)

________ and allows other (3) to run. Every desktop computer,
tablet or (4) includes an OS which provides basic functionality far the device.
Common desktop operating systems include Windows, Linux or (5) . Today's
operating systems are divided into (6) . The basic and most powerful layer of the
OS is the (7) , that is, the core of the operating system. Although operating systems
are different, they all have (8) (Graphical User Interface), which makes the OS
easy to use. This layer offers a graphical interface based on Windows, lcons, Menus and Pointing Devices
called (9) . Operating systems have three functions: (10) the computer's resources, execute applications
software and establish a user interface. However, the work
of an OS is mostly (11) from the user.

@ Read the text above and say if the following sentences are true or false. Justify your answers.

a) The kernel is one of the most powerful application programs.

b) The GUI is an operating system that makes using a computer very easy.
c) Smartphones have operating systems which are necessary far their working.
d) The structure of operating systems consists of one layer.
e) Windows is a common desktop computer together with Linux and Mac.
f) Users cannot see the work of the operating system.

15
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@ Complete the following sentences with past simple or past continuous.

a) LinusTorvalds (study) at Universitywhen he _

(come across) Minix.
b)The students (install) a chat application when the teacher
________ (enter) the room.
c) She (talk) to me on the phone and suddenly it _
(go) dead.
d)When we (get) tothe airport, the plane (already/
take off) .
e)We (talk)aboutitbefareyou (arrive) .
f)While 1 (play) videogames, my brother (do) his
homework.

@ Complete the following sentences with past simple and past perfect.
a) 1 (go) to his office but he (already/leave) .
b) The technician (repair) the computer when my mother
_________ (get) home.
e) When my son (go) to play with his friend, he _
(already/finish) his homework.
d) The waitress (bring) a cake that 1 (not arder)
e) The engineer (try) five times when finally he _
(make) it work.

@ Complete these sentences with the particles in the box.

in - ago - befare - when - never - while

a) He installed the new OS two years _

b) he left school, he had never spoken English in class.
c) My mother had made a cake on my birthday.
d) 1 was listening to the radio, 1 was reading the book far class.
e) 1 broke my arm 2006. 1 had never been in hospital _
Complete the text with past simple, past continuous or past perfect.

(j)
Yesterday, Alfred (a) (come) to our house. My mother (b) _

(phone) him because the desktop computer (e) (not work). When Alfred
(d) (see) the computer, he (e) (say) that the PC
(f) (have) a virus. My sister (g) (use) it the night
befare with her infected pen drive. While Alfred (h) (repair) the computer, 1
(i) (watch) the news. The reporter said that a car (j) _
(crash) in front of the train station and two people (k) (die). Suddenly, Alfred
(1) (tell) me that he (m) (already/finish). 1
(n) (pay) 30€ far his help and he (o) (give) me a new
pen drive far my sister.

20
 Speaking: Troubleshoo ting problems
Listening: Calling IT support Writing: Giving advice

• What are the main components of a network?

• What are the advantages of using a computer
network?

Networks

G) Read the following text about the computer network in an office.

n our office we have a mixed wired and wireless LAN. The central computer is a file server with a large
I

r rive used to store files and applications. The computers, acting as clients, are connected to the file
ha d d
server and to a printer via Ethernet cables. n the wireless part of the network, several devices, including
I

laptops and tablets, are connected to each other without cables. This part is controlled by a wireless

access point also called a wireless router which transmits and receives radio frequencies from wireless-
,

enabled devices. Each device that operates over the network s equipped with a wireless card or adapter
i .

Thewhole network is linked tothe nternetvia a broadband modem. This model is plugged into a switch,
l

which splits the internet connection into parts and allows ali users to access web resources, sean and
print. The whole network is protected by a firewall to make sure that any data it receives does not
contain a virus or any material which has been banned bythe company.

@ Read the text again and label the elements of the network using the words in bold.

(1
Wireless devices

(
2

ptop
La

P rinters
@ Write definitions for the words in bold.
a) Server �
b) Wireless access point _
e) Broadband modem ------------------------- -
d) Swi ch t _
r
e) Fi ewall _

24
 (9 How much do you know about networks? Choose the correct options.

1. What does a network allow computers to share? a) S. What does the term cat-5 refer to?
Electricity a) A device that allows computers to connect wirelessly b)
r
b) Resou ces t t
A sys em tha blocks wi eless signals r
c) P addresses
I
c) A type of cable that s used n Ethernet connections n
i i i

2. Wha do tWAN stand for?

LAN and l ocal networks
a) Logical Assisted Network and Wireless Assisted t
6. Wha is an intranet?
twork Ne a) A prívate network that can only be accessed within a
twork and Wide Area Network c) Long Area
b) Local Area Ne company o ran organization
Network and World Area Network 3. What s the name given to i
b) A misspelling o f "Internet"
any system or device e) A network for home use where compu ers and t
connected to a network? peripherals are connected
a) Computer t
7. Wha is a hotspot?
b) Node a) A si te that offers nternet access overa wireless LAN b) A
I

c) Wire f r
piece o ha dware used to connect a computer and
t
4. Wha is data collision? rver
a se

a) Two devices on a ne twork transmitting data at the c) A system that prevents unauthorized access to a
same time computer when t s connected to a network
i i

b) One device on a ne twork receiving data 8. What is a network packet?

c) Several devices on a network having problems when t of binary notation
a) A single digi

receiving data f t transmitted overa network

b) A block o da a

e) A copy of a set of files made for storage as a security

copy

@ Fill in the blanks with the correct words in the box.

turn - network - cables - address - configure - sharing

a) To your wireless access point you have to follow the instructions provided
with the device.
b} An P I dentifies a particular computer on the nternet.
i I

c) f you have
l connection problems callan T professional. I

d} n a basic network two computers are connected by cable to allow file

I _
e) f your broadband connection fails,
l off your router for at east 30 seconds. l

f) A router has severa! Ethernet ports, so you can connect several PCs to it via Ethernet

r
Ph asal verbs
@ Complete these sentences with the correct prepositions to form phrasal verbs. Then match each phrasal verb
to its definition.
a) Many people se a home ne twork because they want to share folders, files, and an nternet connection
t I

across all computers at their homes.

b) To make a router work you have to plug the router's electrical power source and then turn
it by pushing the power button.
c) To og l to a router for the first time you will need the default administrator password.

1) To enteran identification number or password from a remote terminal to obtain access to a system
2) To connect a device by an electrical cord toan electricity supply
3) To arrange things properly for use
4) To start the operation of a device

-- 25
 Reading

(D Read the following text.

THE BASICS OF COMPUTER NETWORKING

1 I n the world of computers, networking is the practice of connecting two or more computing devices together so that they
can communica te with each other and share data.

Area Networks
f
There are different types o networks according o the geographic a rea they span: t
• Local area networks (LANs} extend overa small a rea such asan office building, a school ora residential home. As they
5 operate in small places, LANs use cables to connect compu ers. t
•AMAN (Metropolitan Area Network) is designed to extend overa arge a rea. Several LANs are connected to forma arger l l

network so that resources can be shared.

• Wide a rea networks (WANs} are not limited to a single location. They can extend
overa large geographic a rea and are connected via telephone lines, fibre-optic
cables, or satellite links. The Internet could be described as the largest WAN
10 i t
n heworld.
• WLANs (Wireless LANs} use high frequency radio waves for communication nstead of cables. At the centre of the i

WLAN there s a wireless switch or router used for sending and receiving data to the computers.
i

• PANs (Personal Area Network) are networks organized by the individual user for ts personal use. Bluetooth is a i

wireless networking technology designed for very short-range connections like connecting a computer to peripheral
15 devices.
Network Architecture

/
The two main forms of network design are called client server and peer-to-peer. On a client-server network each
t t r t t r r
node is ei her a clien ora server Servers a e powerful compu ers tha manage disk d ives, periphe als and the
. traffic
around the network. Clients are devices that run programs and access the data stored on the server On the contrary . ,

on a peer-to-peer network ali devices are connected together and actas both suppliers and consumers of resources
20 without needing a server .
,

Network Topology

twork topology refers to the ayout of a network and how the different components
Ne l are connected and
icate with each other Sorne common types of network topologies nclude bus, ring, star and tree.
commun . i

• n a bus network a central cable called the bus' s used to connect ali of the devices together ach node has a short
I ' i . E

cable inking t to the bus' which allows each of them to receive the nformation transmitted across t. This type of
l i ' i i

25 network s cheap and easyto nstall as t consists of just one ong cable, but t can be quite slow beca use ali ofthe nodes
i i i l i

share the same cable. The more workstations on the bus, the slower t goes and ncreased data traffic also eads to i i l

data collisions. n addition, the network will stop working f the main cable fails.
I i

• n the so-called ring networks each node s connected to two other nodes. Data flows n one direction passing through
I i i

each machine until the destination device receives t. This type of network can transfer data quickly i even f there are , i

30 many devices connected beca use there cannot be any data collisions. However f there s a break n the cable or anv , i i i

device s faulty the whole network will fail.

i ,

• Star networks are the most common. ach device on the network has ts own cable that connects to a switch or hub. A
E i

hub s slower as t sends every packet of data to every device, whereas a switch only sends a packet of data to the
i i

destination device. Star networks are very reliable systems beca use f a component fails, all the others still work. Thev i

35 r
a e very fas due t to the t
fact that each compu er has its own cable bu t they are quite expensive to nstall since thev
i

reguire a lot of cable and extra hardware.

26
 Read ing comprehension
-:g) Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true T) or false (F). Copy the sentences(

that justify your answers.

a) A LAN is a arge network covering cities, countries and continents.
l

b) n a pee
I r-to-peer network any client computer can also be a supplier .

c) n ring ne
I tworks the flow of data s unidirectional.
i

t
d) Hubs can send informa ion faster than swi ches. t

� Answer these questions according to the information in the text. Use your own words.

a) t
Wha is the main difference between a LAN and a WLAN?
b) Why are bus ne tworks slow?
e) Why are star networks expensive?

1) Comple te the table with information from the text.

Advan tages Disadvan tages

Bus

Ring

S tar

Vocabulary

§) F ind the underlined words in the text and match @ Write down the name of each network according
them with their synonyms in the box. There are to lts typology. Workstation

two words that you don't need to use. Server

performed - need - device - travels - •1

1 1 1 1
10001 1
l inked - structure - protocols

a) Connec ted � QQ
ter Workstation
b) Node Prin

e) La yout
d) Flows
e) Require

erve,
S
1 ·T h �
Q r nter
/ '
P l

LAN, MAN, WAN or PAN. Explain why.

Z) T ll your partner which type of network is suitable n each ituation:
e i s

t t t t t
A) An organiza ion wan s to communica e wi h differen branches ocated n the city. l i

b) A user wants to nterconnect a tablet PC, a aptop and a printer without having to plug anything in.
i l

e) An T worker has to arrange a computer ab in a school.

-
I l

27
 Grammar

Modal verbs I
(D Read the table.

Modal verbs (prohibition, obligation and no obligation)

P rohibition
t
- Mustn' is used to show tha t omething s ot llowed orto ive trong dvice.
s i n a g s a

Yo u mustn't download f lms from the nternet. lt's il/egal

i I .

Obliga tion
- Must and have to are both used to express obligation.
• Must shows us that the obligation comes from the speaker lt isn't a law ora rule. .

must cal/ my boss tonight.

I
• Have to shows us that the obligation comes from somebody else. t's a law ora rule. l

A/ex isn't coming to class today because he has to work.

No obligation
- We use don't have to to show that there is no obligation. You can do something f you want to but it's not i

necessary.
You don't hove to wear a tie in our o/fice. (You can wear a tie f you want to but t's not compulsory )
i i .

@ There is one mistake in each sen ence. Correct them. t

a) mus
1 t to remember to send my CV and the etter of application. The deadline s tomorrow b)
l i .

t
Andrew have to work on Sa urdays.
e) You haven't to pay The entrance s free.. i

d) You musn't be ate to work. l

e) Students don't have to smoke on the school grounds. t's forbidden. l

@ Comple te the following sentences. Use must, mustn't, have to and don't have to.
a)
(take) this book back to the ibrary or ' get a fine.
1

l 1 11

b) She pass) an entrance examination if she wants to study there.

(
c) You (touch) the electric plugs -you might get a shock.

d) We can share a taxi if you want to. You (walk) home.

e) Y o u (come) and see us sorne time.

f) Sue (study) very hard. She's very smart.

(pickup) my sister from the airport tomorrow.

g) 1

h) 1
(hurry up) f don't want to miss the plane. i I

) You
1
(smoke) at the petral station.

@ Re write the following sentences using must, mustn't, have to and don't have to. The first example is giVI
a) l t s forbidden to nsult people on a forum. You mustn't insu/t people on a
i i forum.
b) There's no need to cook tonight. Mum has already made dinner .

e) You aren't allowed to cheat in a test.

d) lt is not necessary for you to come to the meeting.

e) am obliged to work extra hours today.
1

f) lf you want to buy on ebay, it is necessary to create an account.

28 -
Modal verbs II
@ Read the table.

Modal verbs (advice and probability)

Advice
- We use should, shouldn't and ought to to give advice .

• You should ough /

t to use passwords to protect confidentia/ information .

• You shouldn't spend so much time playing videogames.

Probabili ty and possibility

- We use might (not) or may (not) to say that we think something is possible but we are not sure .
• The computer has shut down unexpectedly again. I think it might have a virus. l'm not sure the computer has
a virus but think it's possible.
I

• ! '// try to f x your computer today but

i I may not be a ble if I have a /ot of work .

@ Write sentences with should, shouldn't and ough t to. More than one answer may be possible. a)
Make a copy o f ali the mportant files before formatting your hard drive. i

t t turning t off t can damage your externa! drive. e)

b) Pull ou a removable device wi hou t i .l

Sean all email attachments for viruses before opening them.

d) Turn off the file sharing facility f you are working on a public network. e) i

nstall and update a good antivirus program to protect your computer

l .

(J) Rewri te the following sentences using may, may not, should and shouldn't.
a)
t
Maybe i will rain today. - l may rain today t .

b) t
l 's possible tha get a promotion a work. t I t
advise you to forma your PC. t
1

e)

d) Perhaps i is an in ected file. t f

e) t t
l isn' a good idea to open unknown attachmen s in emails. t
f) 1
t
don' think will get the new iPad. I

@ Underline the correct modal verb in each sentence.

a) 1

t
don' know how to help you. Try calling Tommy, he studies T and shouldn't I / has to/ may be a b le to
find a solution.
b) 1

hove to may / / could finish my project for the English subjec t tonight, but I have a bad heada che. 1 think
'
1 11 go for a walk.
e) -
lf you have severa! computers in your home, you hove to may / / shou/d ne twork them.
t
- Yes, i would be a good idea.

f
d) A ter installing a new rou er, you t may / should / can't change the default password to mprove the i

secu rity of your network.

/ must 't / hould 't
:V f
e) l you set upa wireless network you don

Fill in
't hove to n s

the gaps with the correct form of the modals from the box below. There are two of them that you
n use cables.

don' need to use. t

shouldn't / don't have to/ ought / must / might / may not
Socia n l etworking sites are a wonderful invention, however you (a) to use them carefully. n order
I

to protect your privacy, you (b) keep your profile closed and allow only your friends to view i . t
Remember that many companies view current or future employees' social networking pages, so you

(e) say anything or post pictures that could cause you embarrassment. One of the biggest fears is
hacking. Hackers (d) steal all your personal nformation if you don't use a strong password. i

29
 Lis tening
Calling IT support
Talk abou t these questions with your partners.

• t
Wha do you do to troubleshoot problems wi h your devices? t
(call technical support calla friend /
ask in a forum .. ) / .

• Have you ever called T support? Talk abou your experience.

I t

ri1 (D The word router can be pronounced in two different ways: /'ru:ta(r)/ and /'rautar/. Which
one is the American? Which one is the British? Practise the pronunciation with your partner.

ri1 @ ten to conversation one and answer the following questions.

Lis

a) What problem does the client have?

b) When did the problem start?

c) Wha has he done t to troubleshoot the problem before calling?

tf
d) How can you iden i y the wireless swi ch on a lap op? t t

t t
e) Wha is the key combina ion to actíva e the wireless swi ch on t t a lap top?

ri1 @ Lis ent to conversation two again and fill in the gaps to complete the summary of the conversation.
a) The clien t's network connection out every few minutes.
b) He has tried the router off and on but it still doesn't work.
c) The connection fails when he's not working on the computer and the _
comes on.
t
d) The clien needs to change the on his rou ert .

e) He has a Linksys rou er t .

f) The usual IP address for Lynksys routers is ----------- · He has to type it into

the of his Internet browser .

g) The IT worker decides to send a because the man doesn' know how to t
follow the steps.

@ The word switch can have many different meanings. Read these extracts from the conversations and
give a synonym for the word switch in each sentence.
a) 1 tched t the router) off and on severa! times.
have also swi i (

b) You must have an on/off switch somewhere on your keyboard. e)

Try switching to a different channel.

Try + gerund (-ing) Won't

Try + gerund means to experiment wi h t We use won't to explain that a machine
f
di ferent methods to see i f something works. refuses to work.
• Have you tried turning the router off and on • My laptop won't connect to my home wireless

• again? network.

30
Troubleshooting problems

3) When you call technical support, you need to answer a lot of questions about your computer problem.
Match these common questions (1-6) to the correct answers (a-f).

--�
l. t
Wha 's the exacterror message on your screen? a) Yes, the computer shuts off more frequently.

2. Wha texact/yis yourcomputerdoing? t

b) l says "No tfound. The requested URL was not found
on this server " .

3. When did the problem start?

c) The first time was two days ago when downloaded a I

program from the net.

4. Did anythingelse happen a tthe sametimethe
problem sta rted? d) 1 have tried resetting my modem but t i hasn 'tworked.

t r
5. Wha have you al eady done to troubleshoot t
e) The compu er started smoking and there was a ad b
smell.
the problem?

f) When turn my computer on, it suddenly powers

6. Has the problem changed since i t first started?
I

back off hear the fans inside, and the lights on

. 1

the front also turn on and flash, but then t all stops. i

� The class is divided into two groups: members of on technical support and customers. Role-play the situations
pages 96 and 97.

Tech support
Customers
re a member of technical support and
Yo u a
You a re a customer Call technical support
t re going to call you
.

clien s a to salve their

problems with computers.
and tell thern about your problems with
yourcomputer .

page 96 and
Look at your cards on
Ask them bout their problems, tell them
a

how to salve them, and give them sorne

advice.
t
comple e the table.

Look a t your cards on page 97 and

comple te the table.

31
Giving advice

(D Read the following comment in a forum. What health problems does the writer mention?

Helio eve ryone !

' t
My name is Angela. l m only 20 years old and have constan back and neck pain tha
I t spreads to
tt
my arm. A he end o f the day have bad headaches and my eyes are often sore and dry.
I

t t
My paren s say i is beca use spend too much time on the compu er bu disagree. l'm a studen
I t t I t
and I have a busy social ife, but just use itas often as other teenagers. n the mornings work on
l I I I

my aptop n class and n the afternoons use the PC at home to do uni assignments, check my
l i i I

email, update my social networks and play from time to time.

Do you think these symptoms are related to compu er use? Wha can Ido to preven t t t them? Any
help will bewelcome!

Angel a

@ This picture shows how to set upa computer workstation to make computer use more comfortable and
efficient. Match the sentences with the correct parts of the diagram.

o a) Adjustable chair wi h dynamic cha ir back t

f
b) Top o moni or a eye level t t

e) Fee t flat on the floor or resting on a foot rest

t
d) Wris s fla and s raigh t t t n relation to forearms
i

e) Arms and elbows relaxed clase to body

.. .. .. f) Back straight
•

@ Write a reply to Angela's message giving advice about how to prevent health problems associated wi
computer use.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

• First ofall, it is very important o t .

l t
• would be a good / bad dea to i .

• I n my opinion, you should / shouldn't .. .

• 1 t t
think he best hing foryou to do is ...
• 1 a dvice you to / o t t o ..
n .

• Makesureyou ...

32
 r r
G amma : Revision o f the future tense Speaking: Making an o al p esen a r r t tion
oca b u I ary. TCP/IP address. The World Wide Web
Writing: Predicting the future
eading: Web 3.0 Listen ing: Blogs

Vocabulary
• What does TCP-IP stand for?
TCP-IP address • What is an P address?
I

• What is an intranet?

D Rea d this short text.

/
TCP IP stands far Transmission Con trol Protocol/ nternet I

P rotocol and refers to the standard protocol that allows

computers to communicate over the nternet. t is the main protocol
I l

farthe nternet and it is used far transmitting data

I

over networks. �

t
The IP address is a unique address tha compu ing devices
to dentify themselves and communicate with others.
us e i
t --
As it is unique, a computer can be faund thanks to t. i

Computers in an intranet have prívate P addresses while I

computers on the nternet have public addresses.

I

Do we use P addresses? lt is difficult far a comrnon user to understand ali the numbers in an P address. l you need
I I f
to find something in a specific website, you do not have to enter ts P address. nstead, you enter i I l i ts domain
name.

� Match the words in bold from the previous text with the following definitions or examples. a)
www.google.com
b) A system of interconnected computers or other devices
e) 209.85.229.99
d) A prívate network
e) The set of rules that computers fallow

f) Protocol far computers �

']) Read the definition of gateway and complete it with the missing words.
�\ ;
< -.:
- • ...
\,
<<<-:•:.::-:
-
- -- - - - �-- -----
� -� � -- ·
-=--- ·- = · 111!'

l I
-
-
t t
email - connec ion - bridge - log - da a - networks
A gateway acts as a between

so
------- an e c b

transferred from one computer to another For instance, when you send an
. to a friend
or into a web, there is a gatewaythat makes the possible.

33
The World Wide Web

(9 Work n i pairs. Do you know the meaning of these words? Explain them in your own words.

orl Email

Browser Router Newsgroup

DNS Search engine

@ Now, match them with their correspondent definitions. a)

t
An ln ernet-based discussion abou t a particular topic.

f f t
b) The speci ic address o a specific si e on the n erne . I t t
c) Pages that can be accessed using a web browser .

t
d) A service tha enables you to easily find websites and information you are ooking for (e.g. Google
l

and Bing).

r
e) A ha dware device tha rou es da a t t t from a LAN to another network con nection.

f) A program u sed to access the World Wide Web. Internet Exploreris one ofthem.

t
g) A service used to deliver elec ronic messages to users.

t t t
h) Doma in Name Sys em. Wi h it, users do no have to remember the specific numbers o an f I Pa ddress. i)

H ypertext Markup Language: The language that web pages are written in.

@ Work in pairs. Talk with your partner about these questions:

• Do you usually send emails? When? Wha for? t

• Which domain names do you usually type in your web browser?

t t
• Describe the router tha you have a home and i s loca ion. t t
t
• Wha is the best search engine in your opinion? Which one do
you use the most?

t
• Have you ever participa ed in a newsgroup? Wha was i t t about?
• Which browser do you usually use? Why?

• Have you ever used a prívate network?

34
© Read the following text.
WEB3.0

Y ou ma y be acquain t e d wi t h t h e concep o t f Web 2.0 in

referring to an interactive and social web facilitating

collaboration be tween people. Taking i nto account this
defini ion, t we can derive a definition of Web 3.0. Web 3.0 is
5 the next t
th how websites are created
relevan change in bo
and how peo ple nteract with them. The world of computers
i

is based on changes but changes require time and precision.

l t took ten years to make the transition from the original
t
web to Web 2.0so it may ake longer o make a new change. t
Bu t what s exactly Web 3.0? First of all, the name s tself a marketing strategy t s popular attractive and
i i i .l i ,

10
t
ca chy. l t s said that the Web 3.0 will be an artificially ntelligent web. Computers will be similar to huma ns
i i

and info rmation will be stored and categorised n such a way that a computer will be a ble to understand t
i i

as well as a human. For example, Web 3.0 will allow you to find movies and food easier and faster instead
t
of visi ing many webs. Just typing a complex sentence, the compu er will help you find wha you're ooking t t l

15 for . l t will become your personal t t

assis an and the more you show your preferences, the faster the
compu e t r will earn about tastes.
l F inally, one of the most outstanding changes will be the use of webs
t t
based on vir ual worlds. For ins ance, i f a user wants to buy something online, he/she will be a ble to visit
the different stores of the mall and see the products on the shelves. The possibility of walking around
places and visiting virtual settings will be, however much more complex n terms of programming and
, i

20 graphics.

t
The emergence of Web 3.0 has to do wi h the increasing popularity of mobile devices and the use of the

I nternet for entertainment in mobile phones.

@ After reading the text, define Web 3.0 in your own words. What is it? Explain the concept orally to your
partners.

•Web 3.0 is ... t

• l is for ...
t to...
• l is u sed • You can .. .

• The positive/negative aspects about t are .. i .

Reading comprehension

@ Readthe text again and answer the following questions. a)

Why may it take long to create the Web 3.0?
b) s the name o
I f the web a marketing strategy? Why?
e) Mention two things you might be a ble to do with Web 3.0.

d) Can a computer know about your tastes? How?

e) What s the main reason far the emergence of Web 3.0?

i

35
@ Say i f these sentences are true or false. Explain the false ones.
a) t
Web 3.0 resul s from the improvement and development of Web 2.0. b)

t t
Web 3.0 is only abou websi es and their layou . t
e) l t takes time to make an mportant change n the world of T
i i I .

d) Compu ers t will interact with users just ike huma ns.
l

t t t
e) l will no be necessary to visi several websi es to t find out what you want.

f) Mobile phones have contributed greatly to the creation of this new web.

Vocabulary

@ ook for words n the text that have the ame

L i s @ Give synonyms for these expressions.
meaning.
a) impo an rt t a) To be acquain ted with
t t
b) cap iva ing t
b) To allow somebody to do some hing
e) kept e) Become

d) noticeable t
d) For ins ance
e) shops e) In terms o f
f) shopping centre
(J) Work n pairs. magine two more situations in which Web 3.0 could be useful for the user
i I .

� Surf the Internet and find out more information

l� abou t the Web 3.0. Then share the ideas in class.

Look for:
•News
t
• ln eresting articles
• Pho ographst

36
Revision of the fu ure tense t
'3) Read the table and complete the rules. Write present continuous, wi/1, present simple orbe going to.

The fu ure tense t

1. We use ----------- to:
2. We use

f r to plans and intentions.

to:

- Talk about the future. - Re e

/ /1t' be spring soon. I am going to make a cake for my brother's birthday .

- Make predictions. - Predictions based on evidence.

The videogame wi/1 be a success. L ook out! You are going to fa// .

• Make spontaneous decisions at the moment of

spea king. 3. We use the to:

/ cannot listen to music with this Mp3. /'// buy a new - Re e f r to arrangements.
one tomorrow .
I am visiting the doctor this evening at 7:30.
- Make promises.
/ wi/1 he/p you with the database. 4. We use the to:

t
- Talk abou schedules.
t
The English class s arts a 9. t

@ Com plete these sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the appropriate future tense in each case.
a) The train from Madrid (arrive) at 10 a.m.

b) - canno
1 t take you to the airport, 'm afraid. l

- Ok, don't worry. 1 (call) a taxi.

e) My parents (buy) a new car because the black one s broken. i

d) Tomorrow at 4 we (present) our new project at the Conference Centre.

e) Don't worry. 1 (help) you with your homework.

f) think
1 1 (buy) a new pair of boots. t's so cold! l

g) When retire, I 1 (travel) around the world.

h) Look at those clouds! t l (rain)!

i) She (go) to the exhibition tomorrow.

j) The second term (finish) in March.

@ Write five questions to ask to your partner abou his her future plans. t /
l. ?

2. ?

3. ?

4. ?

5. ?

@ t t
Talk abou your fu ure plans wi h your partners. Ask and t
t
answer ques ions and try to keep a conversa ion. t

A: Are you going to hove a car soon?

B: Yes, myparentsaregoingtobuyonefor

me and my sister.

37
@ Choose the best option.

a ) -l 'm hungry -Oh, / will / am goi g t n o make a sandwich for you !

b) My sister is going to / wí/1 study law in Manchester next year.

c) The coach /eaves / i go i g t

s n o leave in ten minu es. t
d) 1 /
think he is going to wí/1 be successful in his field of study.

e) Who do you think is winn ng i / wi /1 win the next elections?

f) promise.
1 1 wí/// am going to ean y oom.
cl m r

g) When wi/1 you meet / ar you meeti g the te cher

e n a t
? Tomorrow a 10 am.

@ Read the examples below and match them with the correspondent meaning.

a) My brother is about to create his own websi e. t

the point of finishing her final paper
b) Sheila is on .

c) was on the verge of calling the doctor when she got better
1
.

d) The end of the crisis is likely to take place next year .

e) am unlikely to pass the English exam f don't study.

1 i I

1. Express how certain we are that something will happen n the future. i

2. Express that something is ready to happen in the near future.

(j) Write sentences about you n affirmative or negative using the expressions n exercise 6.
i i

a) Do my homework for tomorrow

b) Clean my room

c) Finish my s tudies

d) Look a my phone t

@ Work n pairs and role-play the following situations.

i

S tudent B

You are going shopping this afternoon. You are throwing a party on Saturday.

S tudent B S tudent B
Ask questions to your partner abou his her t / /
Ask questions to your partner about his her
plan using where, when, who, why, what and how. plan using where, when, who, why, what and how.

38
Blogs

t t
• Wha kind of blogs or websi es do you usually visit?
• Describe one. Why do you ike it better than other similar
l

websites or blogs?
• Have you ever created one? What was it abou ? t

(D You will hear a woman talking about her own blog. Listen to the interview and answer
the following questions.
a) What is the blog about?

b) When did Loraine decide to crea e the blog? t

c) What makes her blog different and special?

t ff t
d) Wha was the most di icul part o crea ing a blog? f t
t
e) Wha can you find in the blog apart from recipes? Mention three things.

f) What are the three recommendations that she gives to listeners?

b or c.
@ Lis ten again and choose a,
l. How long has the blog been working? 4. When does she update the blog?
a) Two years a) During the week
b) Just one yea r b) On Sundays
c) Five years c) Twice a week

2. Loraine's recipes are ... S. Loraine's ideas will influence ...

a) unheal thy a) t
young en repreneurs
f
b) per ect b) cooks
e) real t t f
c) fu ure crea ors o blogs

3. Loraine attended a course of... 6. The name of the blog s ... i

a) web management a) E a t with you

t
b) lnforma ion Technology b) Living wi h you t
c) old people's needs c ) Eating with you
@ Read the transcript on page 104 and find @ n pair , you are going to
I s crea te your own

synonyms for these words. blog. Think about the following aspects
a) Advertisemen s t and then present the project to the class.
t
b) Regis ered, joined t
• Wha will the blog be abou ?t
e) Old
t t
• Whowill be he argetaudience?
d) Pictu es r t
• What informa ion will you offer?
e) Original, a ttractive • Howwill the design be?
t
• Howwillyoupromote heblog?

39
 Making an oral presentation
(D Look at the website and analyse the following aspects:
Sell Communll\l
Hi1Slgn1norr11grster 1 01,lyDta.1 e
My B;ay Cus lome rSuppon "'Bn ke!

eosv I
-
snopby

...,. ., category • AII C�lagonu ,,· M• ••: -

F uh,on

•
GREAT DEALS s

'
Home LGarden
ON BIG
• Target audience
>
t
Ele tron cs 1 &Techt10 ogy 1

Sports &Leisura BRANDS

• Description o f the web

CoUec111bles &Anliqu

Jewellery

Mo1or5

eali
&6eau y 1
n

1 1HPIJMHH
1 + 3

• Sections o f the page THE ROYAL BRITISH

O

1
Featured :::
My fud 11..
LEGION POPPY SHOP ....
• Description of the layou t · nn, = .I
1

1 : •·
1 1 :3

• Attractive elemen s t
I

Q Recent searches c u,
1

/s of the website
jordan

• Language
PUNTA CUARZO CEREZA

CUARZO CEREZA

t
• Possibili ies for users
long Cherry Red OUARTZ CR ...

MINI WASTE BIN F rom:

• FAST DELIVERY
prcm;

,
t uch
cnllar en'sOlcytles I Udlthoener •uon
ssot o From: From·
1i
tS773 (44 99
n•
crularen'slll C"tC l ou!doortoyS •
chn�ren'l:

t
Grea deals
011 big brands

@ When presenting a topic n front of an i audience, you must consider these points.

•P repare an outline with the main ideas you wantto talk about.
• Se parate the deas nto sections or parts.
i i

•P ractise your speech severa! times until you feel comfortable with it.
• Be clear concise and do not read the script.
,

•l nteract with the audience and use body anguage. l

• Spea k calmly and ata moderate pace.

•l f you use visuals, usethem justas a support.
• Rela x and keep calm.

�@
a F OR MAL LANGUAGE IN ORAL PRESENTATIONS
Work in groups of 3. Prepare
t
presen ation to the class about a
t
websi e. Refer to the aspects of I NTRODUCTION
t t
exercise 1. Pay a ten ion to: We would like to talk about...
Let me f
írst gíve you a bríef overvíew ...

BODY
• Con tent
• Coherence and Cohesion Thís leads to the next poín t Moreover In addítíon /
r
• G amma r Le s t'
move on to ... As I saíd earlier
• Vocabulary Let's take a /ook at ... We thínk / We consíder
•P ronunciation Regardíng ... Wíth regard to .. / . Thís is about. ..
• Fl uency
CONCLUSION

In conc/usíon / To sum up / T f ní h
o í s

40
Predicting the future

3) work n pair . Talk about

i s how li fe will be n the future regarding these tapies. Then, share your ideas
i

with the class.

• Houses • Human rela tionships

• Ca sr • Teaching
• Television • Heal th
• Eating- Food• lnformation Technology

� I n 1964, science fiction writer Isaac Asimov predicted how life would be by 2014. Read his predictions and
say i f he was right.
a) "Ki tchen devices will be designed to prepare automeals, t
hea ing water and converting it to coffee."
b) "Ready-made food will be stored in people's freezers."
e) "Appl iances of 2014 will not have electric cords."
d) "Cars will be designed with robot-brains."
e) "Transportation will have little contact with the surface."
f) "Satellites will make it possible far you to direct any spot on Earth."
g) "Communications will become sight-sound and you will see as well as hear the person you phone."
h) "There will be 30 televisions."
i) "Robots will not be very common."
j) "Human beings will suffer badly from the disease of boredom."

']) L o ok a t the verbs in bold in exercise 2. They are written in future passive voice.

• A new house will be built in the neighbourhood.

• A new vaccine will be discovered soon.
• The book will be published in two weeks.
• The car will be washed far the wedding.

� Write a text about how life will be in 2050.

• R efer to differen ttopics languages, media, houses, health, relationships, computers, food ..
( . )

• Use f t
wil/, the passive voice and other uture expressions to refer o the future.

• S tructure your writing n paragraphs.

i

• Use connectors and specific vocabulary.

41
 Speaking: Dealing with complaints
Writing: A survey

• Wha t are word processors? What do

people use them for?
• Which word processors do you know?
Word processors • Which one is the most popular?

(D t the toolbar. Which function does each button have?

Look a
• Which one do you like the best? Why?

Write the correct number next to each word.

l ndent l talics U nd o

Highlight J ustify Bold Align

@ Read the following sentences. Which functions in the previous toolbar do they refer to? Write the
names and then find the secret word.
1) t
Applies certain style tha darkens a selected text to emphasize i . t
t t
2) Reverses the las ac ion or dele es the las en t t try you typed.
t t
3) Places the selec ed tex in a line to the righ , t to the eft orto the middle.
l

4) Marks text in a different colour so tha t t stands out from the surrounding text.
i

5) lncreases or decreases the dis ance o t f the paragraph from either the eft or the right margin.
l

6) Applies certain s tyle that makes the letters slope to the right to emphasize a particular word or
i ndicate a foreign term.

7) Aligns the selected paragraphs to both the left and right margins.

The secret word is _

@ Choose the correct option.

a) A temp/a e t /f
ormat / f le s i i ap re-designed document that you can use to create documents quickly without
having to format them.

b) T h e font /layout/ header s the i a rea in the top margin of each page where you can insert text or graphics, usually a
company lago or the author's name.

c) The oo er f t /f t
on size /
too/bar is the a rea n the bottom margin of each page where you can nsert text or
i i

graphics, usually page numbers.

d) The spellcheck / print preview / redo tells you f your text contains
i t
any spelling mis akes.

e) A c/ipart /macro/ table s i a series of keyboard and mouse actions that have been recorded and can· be
repeated.

42
 complete these instructions with the correct verbs from the box.
9
__ _
right-click - place - choose - click - dr a g - press - highlight - h ol d

H ow to cut and paste text in a word processor

Fi s r t, (a the part of the text that you want

) to copy. You can either
(b ) the mouse overa specific portian of text or (c) Ctrl and
(d) E to select ali of the text on the document. Then, (e) on
the Cut icon on the toolbar The selected part will disappear and go on toan invisible clipboard.
. Finaliy,

(f) t he cu r s or whe r e y ou w an t t o p ast e t he t ext. T o inser t the c ont en t of the

clipboard, click on the Paste con on the toolbar Other options are to use the shortcuts Ctrl+X to cut
i .

and Ctrl+V to paste or (g) the selected text and (h) the
Cut con and the Paste con from the menu.
i i

Sp readsheets and databases

� Decide i f the following functions refer to spreadsheets or databases.
a) Perform calculations about sales data.
rform a complex query.
b) P e
c) Create a formula using different functions and operators.
d) Use the data in the cells of a worksheet to create charts and graphs.
e) Enter names and addresses nto the field. i

� Find in the previous exercise the correct words to complete these definitions:
a)
re the symbols (+,-,*,A) that representan arithmetic operation n a formula.
a i

is an expression that represents a mathematical spreadsheet calculation.

b) A

is a search that ocates ali information of a specific type.

e) A l

d) are the units of a spreadsheet that hold a piece of nformation. i

e) A is a data base category that holds a type of information.

f) A is a single page of a spreadsheet.

Í) Look at the worksheet and decide whether these sentences are true or false.
e
•
D
A
II YU.· -: 1 t 1 J • • 1:::1'1
.... ,
�
:. 1 ,
i. • • , ..... ,

a) The value of cell 85 is the result of adding the value

I NCOME TRANSPORTATION
3 sala ry 1100 Petral 100 n cells 83 and 84.
i

b) Row 20 shows the money that a family has spent

4 salary 1200 Public transport

5 total 2300 Car insurance

6 Repairs
during the month of January.
totol
e) Cell 822 s the result of a formula that subtracts the
7 HOME EXPENSES 100

8 Re n t/Mortgage 700 i

9 Elec tricity 85 ENTERTAINMENT contents of cell 821 from cell 820.

10 Water 53 Hobbies 250
11 Internet 40 Holidays d) Column A and column D are wider than the other
12 Telephones 20 total 250
columns.
total
e) f you type a value in celi E6, the value in cell E3 will
13 898
14 MEDICAL l

15 DAILY LIVING Prescriptions

be recalculated.
16 Food 500 90
Glasses & contacts
17 Clo thing 100 t
Den al
18 total 600 total 90
19 23_0
20 - - - L-I _-
O
T T A N_ C E

21 TOTAL EXPENSES 1938

22 OIFFERENCE 362

43
(D Read the following text. What do these numbers Reading
refer to?

���������������
42
40

OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE

1 So ftware s one of the most useful tools of the Digital Age. Unfortunately since
i ,

f
purchasing a license o a software program is qui e expensive and i is very easy to t t
make a copy of a program in seconds, software piracy is a widespread problem.
According to BSA (The Software Alliance), 42% of ali PC software packages \
5 i nstalled n the world n the year 2012 were pirated, which meant a oss of more
i i l

than 40 billion dollars worldwide. t s undeniable that piracy harmful for software
l i

is manufacturers. However they are not the only victims. By

, using unlicensed or

counterfeit software, consumers face considerable risks as these products may contain viruses or other
malicious code that can damage computers or even ead to dentitytheft. l i

10 lt s very important to understand that software s protected by intellectual

i i

property aw which varies by country. Ali egal software comes with a icense so t is
l , l l i

illegal to copy a program purchased legitimately and use t on more computers than i

the license authorises. You are also violating the terms of license f you break the i

protection of software or encryption to obtain a serial number or password, also

15 known as "cracking", or f you reproduce and distribute counterfeit software. n any
i I

of these cases your country can mpose you a fine or a penalty for copyright
i

infringement.

For those ndividuals or companies that want to save money there s an alternative to piracy
i i

called open-so urce software. For nstance, OpenOffice is one of the most popular free office suites, GIMP
i

20 is the free alternative for photo editing, and VLC s a well-known free audio and music pi ayer
i .

Open-source software s completely free to use and distribute so f you download one of these
i i

programs without paying anything or you decide to create a copy you are not breakingthe aw. And what's , l

more, this software provides you with a wide range of advantages over licensed software.
Open-source software does not depend on ts original creators, which makes it more secure. ts
i l

25 codes are available for anybody and they are developed by volunteers. f any bugs are found n a version, l i

users do not have to wait for the next version of the program beca use any interested programmer can fix
the problem. n addition, this kind of software uses open standards, which means that
I

there aren't any problems of ncompatible formats. i

On the other hand, we may encounter sorne problems. Not ali applications run
30 r tr
both on open sou ce and proprie a y software. There are many parallel developmen s on t
open source software, which creates confusion. Many projects die beca use programmers
t
qui or lose interest and move on to another project as they are not hired by any
particular company .

Reading comprehension

@ Read the text again and answer the following questions. Use your
own words. a) Wha are the t two main reasons of software piracy?

t
b) Wha are the risks o using unlicensed so f ftware?

e) Which three examples of license violation does the text

mention? d) Why are sorne open-source projects cancelled?

44
 Decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F) according to the information in the text.
J ustify your answers.

a) So ftware piracy s happening all around the world.

i

r
b) Pi acy only damages so ftware manufacturers.
c) t
Ali coun ries have the same coyprigh laws. t
d) lf you don't want to buy a icensed program, the only solution s to pírate t.
l i i

�
C h oo s e the correct answer.

l. Open-sou rce software can be t

2. Any volun eer ... 3. When you crack so ftware, you ..
.

modified by anyone beca use ... to find a problem

a) is a ble a) gain il legal access to protected
t
a) i uses compa tible formats b) is authorised to salve a bug so ftware
r
b) the sou ce code is included e) can be hired by a company t t ftware
b) dis ribu e copied so
t
c) i doesn 't depend on ts creators
i to work on a project t the same icense on
c)ins all l

more than one computer

Vocabulary
�
Find words in the text that mean:

a) Help ful (line 1) @ Match the words in column A and B to form

collocations.

b) Popular (line 20) A B

re
a) H i t he aw
t
l

c) Mistakes in a compu er program (line 25) b) Break a problem

c) Fix a license
d) Repair(line 26) d)Save a programme r
r
e) Pu chase money

Surf the Internet and find out more free and open software to replace expensive software packages.
Then share the ideas in class.

45
 Grammar

Questions

(D Read the tables.

Verb to be

Question word Verb to be

What i s /was •he / she / it / my bag? • Where is she?
Who - this / that bag)?
( • What is this?
Where •at the party? • Who was at the party?
When
Whose
a re / were
•we / you / they / my
• Where are they?
Why · keys? • Whose are those keys?
How
- these / those keys)?( t
• Why were you a the party?

Other verbs

Question word Auxiliary Subjec t

s are
i / doing seeing
• t
Wha are you doing?
was / were going meeting
What
Who do /o d es
you

he
do see • Who did you see?

Where did go me et
When s he

Why can could / i t do see • When can we mee ? t

How will / would we go me et
How much sh ould they
done seen Where has she gane?
H ow many have / h as •

h ad gane me t

� Make questions using these prompts. Then ask and answer them with your partner .

@ a) How fas
b) How much
t / your nternet connection?
i

/ pay for nternet access ast month?

i l

c) How long / ve n this town?

li i

d) How o ten f / format your PC?

Write questions far these answers.

am crying because have hurt my eg.
@ ab)) Wh
1

en go to ondon will stay ta hotel near

I L a
I

Piccadilly Circus.
I
l

c) The film finished at midnight.

d) When l'm sad isten to music. ! l

e) was at the cinema when you called me.

1

f) lf were you would apologise.

I I

g) am going to buy a car next month.

1

h) She has had her current mobile phone for a couple of months.

46
3) Read the tables.

Subjec questions t Object questions

When who or what is the subject of the t
When who or wha is the object of the
question, we use the affirmative form of question, we use the interrogative form
the verb and we don't need the auxiliary. t
of heverb.

• Who invited you to the party? • Who did you invite to the party?
• What happened after the party? f
• What did you do a ter the party?

§.} Decide if who or what s the subject or the i

object in each question. Then correct the mistakes.

a) Who did the n ernet invent?

I t
b) Who did tell you tha s t tory?
e) t
Wha does make you laugh?
d) Wha s udies she? tt
e) Who a rrested the police?
f) What did happen last night?
g) Wha s ole he? tt
]} Read this table about indirect questions.

l ndirect questions
lndirect questions are more formal and polite than direct questions. We use them when

talking to a person we don't know very well or in professional situations.

• f the direct question has a question word wh-), we change the nterrogative form to the
l ( i

affirmative form and we put the subject before the verb.

Direct: What time is it?
lndirect: Could you tell me what time it is?

•l f the direct question s a yes/no question, the ndirect question will have if.
i i

Direct: Does T m like Chinese food?

o

ndirect: Do you know if Tom likes Chine se food?

l

J) Change these questions into indirect questions.

a) Why did you move to England? 1 was wondering .. .

t t
b) Has S eve ever s udied abroad? Do you have any idea ...
e) How dock cost? 'd like to know ..
much does this alarm l .

d) Are your parents coming tomorrow? Could you tell me .. .

e) What time does the shop close? Do you know ...

f) Do you speak English? was wondering .. 1 .

g) Why did you eave that job? Could you tell me ..

l .

47
 L istening

t
A alk

11 (D You are going to listen

to a talk. Listen to the first part and decide if the following sentences
are true or false. Then correct the false ones. ·

a) Dana t
Moar founded Little Cu e Things on her own.

r
b) Dana and And és decided to se up t a business because they didn't have a job.

e) Befo re starting the business they had planned to look for a job abroad.

t
d) Dana studied journalism bu she has never worked as a journalist.

t
e) They launched the si e in February 2012.

f) Dana is responsible for creating the products of the company.

11 @ Listen to the second part and answer the following questions.

a) t
Was i easy for them at the beginning?

b) How much money did they earn last yea ? r

e) According to Dana, why is the business successful?

t r t
d) Wha are thei stra egies to a ttract new customers?
t
e) Wha are their plans for the near fu u e? tr

@ Read the transcript on page 105 and put the following events in order.
a) They had the dea of setting upa business. b)
i

Andrés finished his degree in Graphic Design. e)

They decided to sell their products in shops. d)
Dana worked as a journalist.
e) They launched the website of the company. f)
They started having profits.

@ Work with a partner. Write down the questions that you would ask Dana at the end of the talk.

48
oealing with complaints

3) ook at the entences below Who do you think

L s . says each sentence -the salesperson (S) or the
c ustomer (C)? Then put them in order.

5 1 see. Would you like to exchange them far a new pair?

I don' need anyt thing far now so ' take the credit note. Thank you.
1 11

morning. Can help you? 1

Good I

Yes, bought these waterproof headphones ast month and they're not working properly.
1 l

Well, they aren't waterproof at ali. One of the earphones stopped working well as �'*"'"7""'!"��
tarted to swim. had to dry them out to get them work again. Plus, the sound
soon as I s 1

quality s terrible. 'm really disappointed.

i l

'm sorry about that. Have you got the receipt?

l

Well, actually 'd ike my money back, please.

l l

_ Yes, here i t is.

What seems to be the problem, sir?
Oh, l'm afraid we don't give cash refunds. You can either choose something else or we
c an o ffer a credit note.
�
Read the expressions in the table. Label each category with the titles in the box.

explaining what you want - explaining a problem - apologising - offering a solution

.i. 1

The instructions are missing.

11 1 l
3
'd ike a refund.
l
11

This product is faul y. t l 'd like to have my money back.

l 'm afraid it isn' working. t 'd ike to exchange / return the tem.
l l i
t doesn't seem to work. speak

.
l Can I to the manager, please?

11 14 11
....2
l

We can give you a credit note. We I r t you are upset.

unde s and
can send it off to be repaired. We'II l'm sorry about that.

repair it free of charge. Would you l'm afraid we can't exchange goods

like an exchange? Would you like a without the receipt.

refund? l'm afraid it's not our policy to give

J) Work n pair . T ke turns and role play the following

i s a tuations.
si

STUDENT A: You work in an electrical goods STUDENT A: You work in an electrical goods
store. You think the customer has damaged the s tore. You can only o e ff r an exchange f
i the
product. You can't give a refund unless you are
t
cus omer has the receip . t
sure it was damaged when the customer bought
t. t rinter yesterday and
STUDENT B: You bough a p
when you got home you realised that t didn't
i

t
i
STUDENT B: You bough a mobile phone a
work. You want to exchange the tem but you
week ago but t stopped working when you
i

don't have the receipt. You are very angry

i

accidentally dropped t n water However you

because you are a regular customer and you
i i . ,

are going to say that it was faulty and you

think the shop assistant is not treating you well.
would like your money back.

49
 Writing
A survey
(D Readthis survey on mobile phones. Answer the questions with your own information and then
compare your answers to your partner's.

1 How long have you had your present mobile phone?

a) Less than one month b) B e tween one month and one year e) More than one year

t t
2 Which mobile opera ing sys em do you have?
a) Android b) iOS e) Symbian d) Blackberry e) Windows Phone f) Others

3 How much is your mobile phone bill every mon h? t a) <15€ b) 15-30€ c)>30€

f
4 l you could use your mobile for only one o f the following activities, which activity would you choose?
a) Download ing apps b) Chatting with friends d) Taking pictures e) Listening to the radio

5 Have you ever used your smartphone in class to chat with your friends? a) Yes b ) No e) N /A
6 Do you think you check your smartphone compulsively? a) Yes b ) No /
e) N A

@ Look at the pie charts and read about the results. How do
you say the expressions in bold in your language?
li\·ifiil-Hli l \'lfiiWfi
· i·\·ifi·Hfi
Less than one month Blackbe rry Taking pictu esr

Be tween one month and one year Cha tting with friends

ii\'ifiiH*i t t
Nearly all s uden s have had their cu rrent mobile phones far more than a
t
mon h and less than a ear y .

The majori ty of students use Android; one out of 4 has an OS smartphone and i

t
only 5% own a blackberry. No one uses a different opera ing system.
Half of the students paya bill of ess than 15€ a month; 40% of them pay
l

between 15 and 30€ and only 10% pay more than 30€.

Most students would choose chatting with their friends f they had to use their i

mobile phones far only one activi y. t

A good part of students say that they have used their phones in class to chat

t
bu only one hird o t f them admit that they check their phones compulsively .

@ Think of an interesting topic and write five questions and possible answers. Then do the survey to your
partners and write a summary of the resul s. t

50
 r
G ammar: Giving ins ructions t r ting an online tu orial
Speaking: C ea t
Lis tening: Web programmers Writing: A set of nstructions
i

t
• Wha is a programming anguage? l

• How many programming languages do you know?

• Wha t are the two most common types of programming
anguages?
programm ing languages l

j) complete the definition of progr mming anguage with the words n the box.
a l i

so ftware code Ja va language tasks rules programmers

A programming )
(a s a s e t of
i

( b) for instructing a computer to

. Each anguage has
perform specific (e) l

keywords and a special sytanx for organising program

instructions. Languages that (d) use to

write codeare called "high-level anguages" such as l

(e ) or C++. Those languages help

developers build use ul f ( f) with only a

few lines of (g) _

g} There are two common types of programming anguages: compiled and interpreted. Match them
l

with the following definitions.

t s a programming anguage which needs compilers to generate machi ne
a) l i l

code from source code.

�----------

t
b) l is a programming language which executes instructions directly without

previously compiling a program. For this reason, this language is slower since i t
requires more time to be executed. -----------
] Divide programming languages that you know into compiled or interpreted.

COMPILED I NTERPRETE O

51
@ Match the following programming languages with their correspondent definitions.

PHP J ava Objective-C HTML /

C C++ XML J avaScript

a) l t s a markup anguage web pages are written n.

i l i

t t allows the userto create a data base of

b) l is a markup language used in documents. Far example, i
nfarmation without having the actual data base.
i

c) nterpreted anguage used n a combination of HTMLand XML to make programs more dynamic. This is
l l i

commonly used to access data bases and create HTML web pages with the data gathered from them.
d) This programming language can be integrated into standard HTML pages. lt s mainly used to create i

dynamic and interactive webs.

e) The fastest languages in terms of execution. They were u sed far writing Unix programs but now they
are used to write applications far any available platfarm.
f) lt is the C adaptation far Apple devices.
g) Now maintained by Oracle, it is multiplatfarm and is used in applications and games.

@ Write a definition for the following words. Use the Internet if necessary.
---==
a) Toprogram:

@ Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

execu e t debug sc ript DE

I

a) A i s a list of commands tha t are executed one by one.

b) To mea ns to dentify and remove errors from computer software.
i

c) tands far ntegrated Development Environment. Software program that s

s l i

designed to help programmers and developers build software.

d) To implies carrying out an instruction or program.

(J) Work n pair . T lk with your partner about these questions:

i s a

• What is the programming language used in your school?

• Who is the programmer of your school?

• Which programming languages do you study in this vocational

training course?

52
(D Read the following text.

JAVA

1 Java is one of the most popular programming languages. lt was developed by Sun Microsystems. Sin ce 1995,
Java has been a language developed specially to run on the Web but it has also made devices smarter, more
l t
functional and more entertaining. does not only work on the nternet but also behind applications and devices
I

that users find in their day-to-day lives. Most computer users and even non computer-literate
5 people know or have heard of Java and its specifications. However curiously enough, what has caused more
,

interest among the population is the history of Java's name. Why did they decide to call itJava? Java seemed to

be such a weird name for a programming language that people started to wonder why the engineers had

chosen i l t
t for a anguage that would revolutionize the computerworld. Why hey did so s still something of a i

mystery.

10 Java was created by a group of Sun engineers ed by James Golding and t was first named Oak after an oak tree
l i

that stood outside Golding's office. However this name was soon discarded as t already belonged toan existing
, i

trademark. The way to find the perfect name for the new anguage had just started. The engineers working on
l

the project did not want a name that contained the word "web" or "net" because t mplied a direct association
i i

with the web and the nternet. Moreover people were used to seeing those words in computer devices and
I ,

15 programs and that s why they ntended to escape from routine and from the expected. Kim Poi ese -manager of
i i

the product- says that they were ookingfor something that reflected the essence oftechnology; something
l

lively, dynamic, easy, unique and revolutionary.

AII the engineers involved in the project agree that the name Java originated in a meeting where abou a dozen t
people go t together to brainstorm. Everyone yelled out original, non-sense and out-of-the-blue na mes which
20 were written on a board. Na mes ike DNA, Pepper Neon or Silk carne up. lt is said that they had been in the
l ,

meeting for so many hours that one of the engineers, while he was drinking a cup of Peet's Java coffee, picked
Java as an example to add to that long list of proposals. Chris Warth is believed to have suggested the name but

there are still doubts about who really did. From that list of na mes, they chose their three favourites: Java, Silk
and DNA. They even asked opinion to their colleagues,

25 family members and friends and the result of this non-official survey was that Java got
more positive reactions.

t
There has always been a concern abou the origins of Java. People have always been
nterested in solving the mystery. lf you do a quick search of this tapie, you may find that
i

Java was the name of the cafetería the engineers used to go to while working on the

project, that Java was ch osen beca use they oved the island of Java, that they chose the
30
l

t
coffee name for marketing rea so ns ... The truth is tha the decision was not made by
justa hero or for just one reason; it was the result of roup of individua s trying to
a g I

achieve their goals anda cup of coffee placed n the perfect room at the perfecttime.
i

Reading comprehension
® Read the text again and answer the following questions.

a) Why were people so interested in the origins of Java's name? b)

Why was Oak nota possible name?

e) What did the engineers want to avoid in the new name?

d) How did Chris Wa rth come up with the dea of ava n the meeting? e)
i J i

f
What may you find i you research the origins of Java's name?

53
@ Say i f the following sentences are true or false. Explain the false ones.
a) Java has con tributed to the web as well as to the mprovement of applications and devices.
i

b) Oak was suggested as a name after the oak that was in Golding's office.

c) The word "web" was a must far a name that implied the essence of technology.

t
d) n the brains orm mee ing the a tendan s
I t t t were euphoric and enthusiastic when giving ideas.

e) Chris Warth is today believed to have suggested the name Java.

f) The name Java was ch osen by family members, colleagues and friends out of three final na mes.

g) The truth is that Java refers to the cafetería the engineers used to go to.

h) The origin o f the name comes from the willingness of a group of people and a pure coincidence.

@ Match the following words expressions / from the text with their correspondent synonyms or definition

sma rt - weird - achieve - su rvey - discard - trademark - lively - concern -

run - dozen - yell out - ou t of the blue - day-to-day - computer-literate

a) anima ted, cheerful h) odd, bizarre

b) cry out, shout ) twelve

i

e) worry j) analysis, study

t
d) in elligen t k) daily, periodic
e) opera e, performt ) able to use computers
1

f) get rid of eliminate, m) unpredicted

g) symbol, brand n) get

@ F ind the verbs in bold in the text and classify them. Can you find more examples? a)

Cond itional

b) Presen t Perfect

e) Pas Pe t rfect

d) Passive

t
e) Pas Con inuous t

54
Giving instructions
D There a re many ways to give instructions in English. Read the following examples:

lmpe a r tive By + -ing

• Cfick on the right button . • Start the search by typing a word in the search box .
• f
search the in ormation using this search • Print the document by pressing the green button.
enqine.
Seq uence words Complex ins tructions
• First, select the in orma ionf t you want. • After having clicked on "send", you won 't be a ble to
• Then, press Ctri+C to cu it. t make any changes .
• press Ctr/+V to paste it in the new
Final/y, • t t
Once the documen has been sen , you won't be ab/e
document. to make any changes.
To + infinitive

• To prin t the document, press the green button .

• t
To sean the documen , use the new scanner.

g} Your mother has a new mobile phone and she t

does not know how to take pho os and send them to
you. Write instructions for her using the previous forms:

Complete the following instructions for scanning a document:

�

rt
a) Fi s (switch on) the scanner by _
(press) the orange button.

b)To (scan)thedocumentin blackandwhite,

_______ press) the "copy" button.

(

e) S tart the sean process by { press) the "sean"

bu tton.
d) Having (s can) the first side of the paper,
______ turn) the page.
(

e)Once thedocument scan), _ switch off) the canner

( ( s .

f) F inally
, save)the ewdocument n yourfolderor
( n i

r
pen d ive.

55
@ Work in pairs. Give instructions to your partner orally for the following actions. Use the expressions in ·

exercise 1.

S tudent A S tudent B
r t t
- Sha e a documen wi h you pa tner using r r t
- Send a pho ograph to your friends via
D ropbox or Google Orive Whatsapp
- Make ten photocopies of a document - Download and install an an ivirus t
- Play your favourite videogame r t
- Play you favouri e mobile game

- Make a Spanish omele e tt - Prepare a nice cup o co ee f ff

- Use the washing machine - Use the microwave

@ Match the sentences a-e to 1-5 to give appropriate instructions.

a) Turn on the television l. use the kettle.

b) Having finished the ac ivi t ty , 2. add them to the pan.

e) To hea t the water , 3. by pressing the red bu on o tt f the remate.

t f t
d) Once the selec ion o pho os has been made, 4. help your partner wi h i . t t
e) Having whisked the eggs, t
5. dele e the res . t

Asking for instructions

@ Work in pairs. Student A is going to ask for suggestions to use the following devices. Student B is going to
give specific instructions.

How do you •• ?
• What is the best way to ... ? What do you suggest?

What is the first step? What do you do next? Can you explain to me how •.. ?

56
Web programmers

(D Meredith and Derek work for a so ftware development company. They are going to start a new
project. Listen to the conversation and answer the following questions:
a) What type of website does Mr Taylor need?

b) Wha t three programming anguages are they going to use?

l

e) What database program will they use?

d) How many people will be involved in the project?

e) How long will it take to finish the project?

@ t t
Lis en again and wri e the name o the person f that corresponds to the following statements
t r
(Meredi h, Derek, M Taylor, Sarah, Michael).

a)
a good weekend.
h ad
b)
hadan ordinary weekend.

e)
i t
s an en repreneur and has good ideas.

d)
wants to do a more dynamic web.

e) and will be the programmers.

f) was the usual designer .

g)
i s not working a t the company beca use of a health problem.
h) h ired an nefficient person sorne time ago.
i

i ) will be the systems administrator .

j)
will revise the web after one week.
k) has to make sorne phone cal s. I

@ Readthe transcript on page 105 and look at the expressions in blue.

What do they mean?

57
 ,� �
--
,ou j.,

( <,- F;
ID
-c,

Crea ting an online tutorial '

1 11

; .1
-

(D Answer these questions and sha re your ideas with the class:
J _

a) t t
Wha is a tu orial?

r t t
b) Have you ever sea ched a tu orial online? Was i use ul? Why f /Why not?
c) What are the websites that people usually visit to find good tutorials?

d) Who are the crea tors of tutorials? Who s the target audience?
i

t t
e) Wha are the mos common topics tha t tutorials are made about?
and good.
f) Mention the elements that make a tutorial useful

t
g) s music necessary in an online tu orial? Why
I /Why not?

@ Work in groups. Search an online tutorial in English and show it in class. Analyse the following
elements:

• lnstructions
• Clarity and brevity
u
• lmage and sound

• English language

fulness
:
' ,
• Use oo

@ Work in pairs or groups. You are going to create a video-tutorial. Follow these instructions:

l. Choose the device/service/program you want to give

instructions for .

2. Prepare an outline with the necessary instructions. Be

clear and concise.
3. Use proper grammar (page 55- instructions) and specific
vocabulary.
4. Record a video using the digital resources that you need:
camera, video-editing programs, audio programs or other
specific programs.

5. Present the video to the class.

6. Pay attention to fluency, grammar vocabulary, content,
,

structure and pronunciation.

58
p

A set of instructions

':D •
Read the following set of instructions for setting upa TV remote control:
FAIOS REMOTE CONTROL

This user manual will show you how to program and operate your new FAIOS remate
con trol.

1. Turn on the TVand the FAIOS remate control. Make sure you can see ive television.
l

2. Loca et the 3-digit code foryourTV brand n the ist that appears on the screen.
i l

3. Once you have ocated the brand code, press and hold the <OK> button.The red ed on
l l

the remate will blink twice and then stay on.

t t
4. Press<OK> o save his TV brand code programming.
S. t
Turn the TVoff by using he red bu tton.
6. Turn the TVon t t t
to est hat he remate control is programmed foryourTV .

-
7. Press and release <VOL+> <VOL > and <CH > <CH > + - to make sure that these keys
work.

YOUR REMOTE CONTROL IS NOW PROGRAMMED FOR YOUR TV!

® Readthe text again and look at the words in bold. @ Write a se t of instructions for setting and
What do they mean? programming two of the following devices.

ebook - Thermomix - fan - vacuum cleaner -

�
Underline the following grammar structures in the text: t
microwave - air condi ioning - TV - iron -
DVD player - fridge - stereo - washing machine
a) lmpe a r tive forms of the verbs

b) Fu ture forms 11I

+ ing structures
1 .

---
c) By

I� 0 -.
@)
t
k for sets of instructions you may have at

.-:1 8008
Loo
oo::

home. Check that they are in English and take

them to class. Analyse them in groups.
•

59
 Speaking: A discussion
Lis tening: Cybercrimes Writing: An email of apology

Compu ter security

G) What's the difference between security and safety?
a) Security / Saf ty e refers to the preven ion t from externa! attacks usually in technology.

b) Secur ty / Saf ty
i e f
refers to the protection of your li e in order not to be harmed.

@ Comple te the following sentences with security or safety:

a) The of your computer is weak. Vou should nstall a new antivirus. i

b) We are worried about my grandmother's house. The of her building seems

weak since the walls have a ot of cracks.
l

c) When you set up your new smartphone, you must follow the tips provided
in the instructions.

d) One of the tips that was given when I was a child was to use a
I

comfortable and good chair when using the computer .

@ Answer these questions in pairs. Then share your answers with the rest of the class.

• Why is security so importan on the Internet? t

• How do you protect your compu er t from externa! attacks?

@ Read the following definitions and write the concept they refer to:

worm - hacker - spyware - trojan - cracker - malware - virus - adware

a) A i t t
s a person who breaks in o a compu er to obtain informa ion. t
b) A
i t t
s a person who breaks in o a compu er for criminal aims.

c) A
i t f
s a program that en ers your PC and in ects your compu er. t
d) A
i f
s a sel -copying program tha t spreads and replicates tself
i .

e) A
i t
s a compu er virus that looks like a use ul program bu f t t s not.
i i

f) refers to malicious software.

g) Co mp
t
collec s informa ion t from your PC without your consent.
Secu �

h)
-------- i s software tha t shows popup advertisements on your screen. Protected!
Antivirus ,
60
1

Firewau ..J
Email Scan j
Passwords__j
@ Read the following security tips and complete them with the missing words:
username - h ttps - spyware - password - padlock - message

a) A secure web shows i n the address bar and a _

i con next to the website's address.
b) Crea e a t and to have access to your computer system.
r
e) Sorne prog ams show a warning when they detect _

@ What is a cybercrime? Read the following text and learn about the most common ones:

Cybe rcrimes are a common threat for our computers. There are many of them but one could argue that
the most widespread s piracy. Piracy s the llegal copying and distribution of copyrighted software,
i i i

music or games. t s difficult to eradicate piracy because t has become one of the most common
l i i

methods of downloading illegal material among common users. Plagiarism is another cybercrime that

consists n pretending that someone's work s yours. One of the most dangerous cybercrimes today s
i i i

phishing (password harvesting fishing). t s the attempt to get passwords for bank accounts or credit
l i

card numbers by using emails that ook like they are from real organizations. People believe these
l

messages and send private and personal information. IP spoofing is the creation of TCP/IP packets to

make a computer ook like another one n order to obtain unauthorized access. Finally needless s to
l i , i

saythat cyberstalking s the most worrying for parents and teenagers. t mplies online harassment and
i l i

abuse. This usually happens n chats or newsgroups and t s dangerous for young computer users that
i i i

t
migh be easily influenced.

(J) Read the text again and answer these questions orally with your partner:

t
• In your opinion, wha is the most serious and dangerous cybercrime?
t
• Tell your partner abou your personal experience wi h cybercrimes. Have you t
ever commi ted any o t fthem? Ha ve you ever been a victim of any of them?
Give examples.
t
• Wha measures can be taken to stop cybercrimes?

@ Make groups of three. You are going to discuss a topic in class. Prepare your ideas to share with
your partners.

SOC �L \ NETWORKS WE& S\

TES &LOGS

c��TS C�MER�s V\DEOS

\NST�N T MESS�G\NG
SM�RTP�ONES
61
 Reading

(D Read the following text.

AVOIDING RISKS

1 Secu rity s one crucial aspect when sending nformation online. Consider ordinary and common
i i

situations such as buying a flight ticket or buying a book online. These online purchases mply the i

introduction of your most personal nformation such as name, address, D number and what is
i I

even more dangerous, your credit card number This confidential nformation passes from . i

5 computer to computer on ts way to the final destination, that s, the bookstore or the airline
i i

company f one ofthe ntermediary computers s nfiltrated by hackers, your nformation can be stolen
.l i i i i

and copied.

What should ordinary users do to avoid these risks? Malware can damage your computer .
Viruses, trojans, worms or spyware can enter your PC and destroy important information. l is t
10 recommended not to download unknown programs from the nternet which may end up being a I

risk foryour PC and notto open email attachments unless you know he sender and the content of t
the message. Moreover, it is advisable to update your anti-virus software as often as possible
since newviruses are created all the time.

l t s also necessary to set security alerts to protect your browser ar nstance, there are browsers
i . F i

15 that display a lock and allow the user to delete, disable cookies or prevent them from being
created. Acookie is a small amount of data generated by a website and saved byyourweb browser .

Therefore, disallowing cookies provides a higher evel of privacy. l

SSL certifica tes are also a way to identify secure websites. These certificates are files installed on a
website. They verify the authenticity of a company so online shoppers can trust the web and know
20 that it is secure and reliable. t s advisable that users make sure that banking services, above ali,
l i

use these digital certificates.

E mail privacy should also be taken into account. Your email can be read by thousands of people

who may have access to it llegally. To protect a message, t should be encoded with encryption.
i i

Encryption changes data into a secret codeso it can only be decoded and read by someone who
25 has the correct decoding key. t is one of the most used medium of data transfer To guarantee
l .

network security, firewalls are also used to limit the data that can pass through them and protect a
server from damage by unauthorized users. lt is also known that using passwords is a must if you

want to protect your computer AII systems must be accessed by a password which should not be
.

shared with others and should be changed often.

Reading comprehension

@ Read the text above and classify the words in bold into risks and security methods. You can add
more examples. Then, say if you use any of these security methods to protect your computer.

RISKS SECURITY

62
� Answer the following questions according to the information in the text. a)
t t
Why is i risky to buy a fligh ticket online?

b) How can you pro ec your PC t t from malware? e)

Why is i t advisable to disallow cookies?

r t
d) Why do online shoppers make su e tha sorne websi es use SSL certifica es? e) t t

Ca n messages be decoded by any user?

� Say i f these sentences are true or false. Justify your answers. a)

Bu ying online is always dangerous far online shoppers.

tt
b) Users can open email a achmen s provided tha t t they know their sender c) .

r
Ordina y users can disable cookies to pro ec t t their computers.

t
d) SSL certifica es are used by banking services to prove they exis and they are real. t

t t t
e) Decryp ion converts encryp ed da a back in o i s original t t form.
f) Firewalls are used to transfer data.

words in the text that have opposite

@ ook for words n the text that have these
L i @ Find

meanings. meanings.
t
a) Acquisi ions a) l rrelevant
b) Prevent b) Sa e f
t
c) lns all, apply c) Allowing
d) Consequen ly t d) Lower
e) To ensure e) Mis rus t t
f) Unreliable

• Are you an online shopper?

• How often do you buy online? Wha do you buy? t

t t t
• Do you in roduce personal de ails in any websi e?

• How do you know the websites you use are secure?

• Have you ever been lied abou your purchases?t

63
 Grammar

Condi tionals
(D Read the following table about conditionals:

Zero Conditional

• /f you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. We use the zero conditional to refer to facts
f + present simple, present simple
l and things that always happen.

rt
Fi s Condi tional

• /f they gg_ to China, we wi/1 visit them. We use the f

irst conditional to refer to

f + present simple, will + nfinitive

l i things that might happen n the future.
i

Second Condi tional

• /f I won the lottery, I wou/d buy a car. f l We use the second conditional to refer to
+ past simple, would + nfinitive i things that are unlikely to happen.

Third conditional

• lf I had studied more, I would have passed the exam. We use the third conditional to refer to
lf + past perfect, would have + past participle things that did not happen.

@ t
Zero condi ional: Complete the sentences with a suitable verb. There may be more than one correct
answer.

a) l f you to Prague, eat the traditional gou/ash.

b) When use the phone, don't
I noise, please.
c) f it
l don't ride the bike.
d) Unless you money, don't come to my shop.
e) f my mother
l paella, my sister comes home.

@ Zero conditional: // When / / Unl ess can be used in the zero conditional. Complete the following sentences
with the correct word.

a) you arrive in Paris, phone me.

b) you finish your work earlier, come home.
c) we are having lunch, we cannot use the phone.
d) you pay extra, you can only drink water.
e) you want to get there, take a taxi.
f) you need more space, don't pay the extra for first class.

@ First conditional: Complete the following sentences with

the first conditional.
a) l f 1
(study) today, 1
(go) to the party tonight.
b) We (not celebrate) the festival if the weather (n ot improve).
c) She (be) sick if she ( eat) ali that cake.
d ) He (not get) a job if he (not send) curriculums.

e) l you f (not hurry), we (be) late.

64
@ Second condi tional: Write second conditional sentences with these unlikely situations.
a) to be fluent in English
b)to be younger
e) to do more exercise
d) to have more free time
e) to meet a famous person

Third conditional: Complete these sentences with the third conditional.

@
f my grandmother
a) l ( go) to University, she tudy)
(s

Mathematics.
b) My sister ( be) happier if she (not marry) that boy.
e) 1
( not miss) the train if 1 (wake up) earlier .

d) f he
l (continue) his studies, he (be) a famous musician.

e) She (not meet) him if they (not study) in the same school.

(J) Sugges t third conditional sentences for the following things that did not happen.
a) 1 didn 't save money so I couldn 't buy flowers for my girlfriend.
t t
b) Teresa didn' prac ise a lo so she failed the driving test. t
e) The studen s didn t
't agree with the education policies so they went on strike.
d) Michael cheated on Claire and she broke up with him.
e) ost your phone number so couldn't phone you.
1 l I

@ Complete these conditional sen tences about you.

a) �-
lflhadaca -----------------------------
b) l m y f teacher sets homework for tomorrow ------------------- ,

e) l ---------------------------
f I won the lottery,

f
d) l you m i t r l ------------------------- -
x wa e and oi ,

e) l f -----------------------------
t is cloudy,
i

f) l f I t ---------------------
had followed my paren s' advice,

g) l f I had more fr ee time, --------------------------

h) lf my father/mother gets angry, -----------------------
f
i) l I ---------------
had chosen a different vocational training course,

j) lf I could travel anywhere, -------------------------

® Read the instructions and play the game.

t t t
The teacher wri es a condi ional sen ence on the blackboard and ali the studen s t
t t t
con ribu e wi h their own sen ences to create a story. t
Teacher: "lf could buy that dress/suit, would go the party."
I 1

t
Studen 1 migh say "l t f I went to the party, 1 would drink champagne."
S tudent 2 continues "lf drank champagne, would get drunk."
I 1

S tudent 3: "lf got drunk, would talk to that girl/boy "

I 1 .

65
 Lis tening
Cybercrimes

(D Listen to four people talking about cybercrimes. Match the speakers to the crime they are
talking about and the correct statement:

a) The speake r s worried about how this problem

i

Speaker 1 a) Phishing
/
may affect his her job.

Speaker 2 b) Cyberstalking
b) The speaker didn 't know he/she was committing
r
a c im e .
Speake 3 r r
e) Pi acy

Spea ker 4 d) Plagiarism

e) t
The speaker fel sea red and nervous.

t t
d) The speaker talks abou wha happened to another
person.

ri1 @ Listen again and answer the following questions.

Speaker 1
a) What did speaker 1 have to write about? How many words did she have to write?

t
b) Wha was the sanction for her crime?

Speaker 2
e) What was the forum about?

t t
d) Wha did spyagen 98 do to ha ass him? r
Speaker 3
t t t ' t
e) Wha confiden ial informa ion did the speaker s mo her send to the bank?

f) Why did his mother trust the email from the bank?

Speaker 4
g) Why is she so worried abou t this crime?

t
h) Wha is the main excuse far downloading books instead o buying them? f

@ In pairs answer the following questions

t
• Wha would you advise speaker 2 to do?
• What would you do f you were speaker 3?
i

• Do you think plagiarism and piracy should be

sanctioned hard? Why? Why not?

66
A discussion

G) Read about discussions and the language used in them.

t t f a tapie by a group. When we diseuss a tapie

A diseussion is the eonsidera ion and examina ion o
t
we do not only provide information about the subjeet bu also give our opinion about i . That is t
why language is important when earrying out a diseussion or debate.

l ntroduction Clarifica tion

• L et's begin / tart with
s • What do you think?
• What's your opinion?
Opinion
• What do you mean?
• I /
think I consider. ..
• The way I see it. .. lnterrupting

• lt seems to me that. .. • Sorry to interrupt, but...

• From my point o view . f • l'm sorry, but...
f
• As ar as l'm concerned .

• I don 't think ...

• On the one hand, ...
• On the other hand, ...

Agree / Disagree J_ l .

• I /
agree don't agree with you.
• / agree up to a point.
• / don 't agree at ali.
• I totally/strongly agree with you.

• Exactly ! / That's true.

• Yes, you're right.
• Perhaps, but...
• I can understand, however. ..

@ Vou are going to have a discussion about the following topic:

What do you think about illegal downloading?

Make four groups:

r r t o rs
Group 1: You a e singe s, ae Group 2: You a e r ordinary
and writers. You earn a living t
people tha represen society:t
9

-
with your albums, films and s tudents, adults, old people,
books. unemployed people ...

Group 3: You a e r the owners of Group 4: You a re produeers and

shops and l ibraries where publishers tha make the t
albums, books and films are l f
auneh o books, films and
sol d. albums possible.

Each group has to write down deas aceording to their roles. Then start the diseussion
i with all the
t
groups and do no forge t to use the expressions in the table above.

67
 Writing

(D Read the following email of complaint:

F rom: christyuk@hotmail.es
To: IT4U
Su bject: problem with computer

Dea Si r r or Madam,

I am writing to complain about the computer that I t t t f

bough las week. l s re erence number is
XC459863.

The technician tha t sold me the aptop said that it hadan antivirus installed so that did not have to
l I

worry about protecting my PC from malware. He also installed sorne programs in the new PC that I

often use at work.

t
Two days ago, my boss called a meeting to inform us abou a virus that had appeared in sorne
compu t
ers of the office. He was very angry beca use one of the most important points of our policy
i t t t
s to protect our compu ers from viruses. To my surprise, found ou la er tha the virus had come
1 t
t t
from my new PC and tha I did not have any an ivirus installed.

I am disappointed with your service and I am therefore looking for compensation for the
i nconvenience.

Looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully,
Christina Carter

An email of apology
@ Answer the following questions about the t
Thank the person for bringing the ma ter to
previous email:
t t
your a ten ion
a) What did Christina complain abou ? t • Thank you f
or bringing this matter to our
attention.
t r
b) Wha is the pu pose o her email?f Apologize
f
• We eel sorry about...
e) What is the meaning of the expressions /
• We are very extremely sorry to hear that ...
i n bold? • I do apologize for the inconvenience.
• Please accept our apo/ogies.
fwere the manager at IT4U, which
d) l you • We apologise or... f
Provide an explanation
compensation would you offer her?
• What seems to hove happened ...
e) Wha t would you say f you had to reply
i f
• I am a raid there has been a misunderstanding.
Take action
to this email?
• Be assured that we wi/1 ...
• We wi/1 do everything we can.
• I will look into it right away.
@ /
Write an email letter of apology to Christina Offer a compensation
Carter. Explain what action you are going to
take in response to her complaint.
f
• Please ind enclosed a voucher.

f
• Your satis action is our priority .

• We wi/1 offer you ...

68
 Speaking: Creating an application
Writing: Tweeting

Types of applications

(D ook at the
L sma rtphone and answer the following questions with your partner.

• r the applications you can see and explain

Desc ibe
what they are used for .

• How many of them have replaced human actions?

Wh y ?

• t
Which is he most useful foryou in yourdaily life?

• l t
s hereanyapp ha t tyou neveruse?
• Can t
you think ofo hers that are necessaryforyou?

@ There are three different types of applications. Match them with the correspondent descriptions:

Native apps Mobile Web apps Hybrid apps

re composed of elements of the other two different types. They ive n an app store and run
a) They a l i

on the device but they are written with web technologies.

t
b) They are no real applica tions. They are n fact websites but ook and feel ike applications. nternet
i l l I

access is required because they are run by a browser .

c)They are housed on the device and they are accessed through icons on the device home screen.
t t t
They are used wi hou in ernet connection and they are installed through an app store (for example,
Google Play or Apple's App Store).

@ fy the following apps into native, mobile web or hybrid applications.

Classi
Then think of more examples.

F inancia! Times camera Twi ter t Angry Birds

Yelp compass Shaza m Gma il

Google maps Google books pboard

Fli Air bnb

69
Multimedia
@ Provide a t f t
defini ion o mul imedia in English. Use a dictionary i necessary. f

@ These words are related to multimedia. Match them with their definitions.

i nteractivity tion
simula fair use /
video audio clip media
anima tion videogame t
digi ise presen a iontt tutorial

a) Rep resentation of motion in graphics or text

b) Live or recorded sound and moving image
t t
c) Slides tha combine text, sound, graphics and anima ion and provide informa ion t
t
d) Compu er-based instruction tha t teaches skills or procedures
t
e) Mass communica ion such as radio, TV, newspapers, magazines and the In erne t t
f) A software program combining multimedia elements for the entertainment of people
g) To change analogue information into digital information that the computer can use
h) The ability of the user to interact with an application
i) A computer-based model of real-life situation

j) lt allows others to use copyright material without nfringing on the rights of the owner
i .

@ Talk with your partner abou t the presence and importance of multimedia in your life in the following
/
contexts situations aspects. / with the rest of the class:
Then, share the ideas

SCHOOL LOVE HOffiE

ENTERTA NffiENT WORKI

EATING OUT BOOKS FAffiILY

FR ENDS I TRAVELLING

ffiASS ffiEDIA C NEffiA I GYffi

70
 (D Read the following text.
WAITERS OR MACHINES?

1
t
A revolu ion is happening i n t he t
restauran industry. New

ordering systems such as tablets and e-menus are being

ntroduced now in restaurants and bars. The
i well-known
American restaurants Applebee's, Chili's and McDonald's have
5 been the first ones in trying out this innovative system which is
causing controversy among the thousands of people who enjoy
eating out every week with friends and family.

The tablet-ordering system enables customers to arder on the device instead o wai ing or f t
t
queuing. These table s display an e-menu which makes the customer's choice easier and faster
10 t t f the mea s offered. This also guarantees ess errors from the waiters
due o the visual conten o I l

and ess confusion n the kitchen since everything s written clearly now. Considering that this new
l i i

system is tech, futuristic and therefare attractive, the chances are it will be working in 80% of

restaurants n ten years' time.

i

Needless is to say that ordering food s not the only function of these devices. Customers can also
i

15 t t
pay the bill and en er ain themselves while wai ing t
far the faod. Watching a video, listening to
music or checking the last updates of a social network might be a good way to avoid a boring wait
orto make one's meal more pleasant. Families can even play games like Trivia on the tablets while
they are sitting. As McDonald's owner operator in Kilkenny argued last month, "The design of the
restaurant s facused on family and on creating a new experience far customers."
i

20
t
A last bu not least argumen in favour o t f this new service s the ncome that businesses are
i i

t t t t
genera ing wi h this idea. More and more, paren s feel en husiastic abou t the dea of sharing food i

an dtechnology with their kids so this implies a higher number of clients a day. Customers are also
able to pay and get out faster which means quick turnaround of tables. lt s also believed that
, i

people who use tablets tend to arder more extras such as dessert or coffee. AII this makes a profit.

25 rtheless,
Neve the debate is alive. One could argue that this system is not the ideal one in a faod
and beverage environment because of the heat and bacteria of electronic gadgets. Besides,
buying so many tablets and paying far their maintenance also requires higher investment than
using paper menus. Ordinary peo ple also argue that eating out is a eisure activity and we must be
l

a ble to farget about technologies far a while. We are actually ti red of using our computer or phone
30 so many times a day. But the most important downside by far is the virtualization of such a social

activity and the consequent loss of personal contact.

Reading comprehension
@ Match these sentences with each paragraph of the text.

r raph 1
P a ag a) The devices o e a wide range of entertaining possibilities.
ff r
Paragraph 2 b) Drawbacks of the new service keep a heated debate among customers.
Paragraph 3 c) Three restaurants are the pioneers in introducing a new trend.
r r
Pa ag aph 4 d) The earnings are considered as one important advantage.
r raph 5
P a ag e) With tablets, ordering a meal is a more effective process.

71
@ Answer the following questions according to the information in the text. Use your own words. a)
Why do tablets contribute toan easier and faster ordering service?

'
b) Explain McDonald s owner's sta emen in you own t t r words.

r
c) Do owne s make mo re money with this new service? Provide examples.

t
d) How does the wri er compare tablets wi h paper menus a t t the end of the text?

t
e) Wha is the mos t mportant disadvantage of this new service?
i

@ Look for synonyms in the text for the following words:

Paragraph 1 Paragraph 4
Experimenting Switch
Familiar famous, Supplements

r
Pa agraph 2 r
Pa agraph 5
Lining up r
D ink, re freshment
P robabilities Rec reation, free time
r
D awback
Paragraph 3
G a r tifying, nice

@ Talk about the following aspects with your partner:

• Do you think this new ordering service is a good idea? Why Why not? /
t t
• Do you agree wi h the advan ages and disadvantages sta ed by the wri er? t t
t t f t
• Talk abou the ti le o the text: Do you prefer wai ers or machines?
f t t
• Think o other mul imedia elemen s we find nowadays in restauran s. t

@ Find /
out restaurants bars in your
coun try which are already using
these devices. Write down the
name, location and description
of the place and then share the
information with your partners.

72
The passive

G) Read about the use of the passive voice.

Passive t
voice is used when the focus is on the action and not on the person who does the action. l is also
used in mo re formal contexts.
t
Presen simple

Active: Ted writes emails every doy .

Passive: Emai/s are written by Ted every day .

Past simple

Active: The technician bought a new antenna.

Passive: A new antenna was bought by the technician.

t
Presen perfect

Active: The IT teacher has repaired a computer.

Passive: A computer has been repaired by the IT teacher.

Past perfect

Active: Anna had already made a cake when / arrived.

Passive: A cake had already been made by Anna when / arrived.

Fu ture
Active: The engineers will present a new project to the manager.
Passive: A new project wi/1 be presented to the manager by the engineers.

@ Choose the correct form to complete the sentences:

r r
a) The Towe B idge locates/is /ocated near the Tower of London.

b) Bananas are produced produce in / tropical countries all over the world.

e) Too much food buys / is t

bough in the west.

d) The building f nal/y completed/was f nal/y completed n 985.

i i i 1

e) The a rchitects were invested/ nvested n the reconstruction of the ity all.
i i c h

@ Change these active sentences in to passive:

a) Someone a ttacked her n the street ast night.
i l

b) The police arrested a man who was d iving very fas . r t

e) The artist had displayed all the photographs of London in the museum.

d) The teacher will invite her students to the party.

e) The Greeks started the Olympics.

73
@ Write sentences in passive voice with the following elements. Use the correct tenses.
verbal a) documents / print / every day / conference room

/ send / from Barcelona last week e)

b) letter /
/
sandwiches not eat / children / yet

d) shop /clase / et
n x month

e) new boo s t /u /
se faotball player / ast match
l

@ Complete this text with the passive or active form of the verbs in brackets:
Shamela (a) have) a great dea three years ago. She (b)
( i want) to
(

make money to pay far her studies. She (e) (create) a website called
researchessays.com. The design o f the web d) ( (be) very easy and she
(e ) (no ha t ve) anytechnical problems.

The websi e ( ) t f be) now one of the most famous webs among university students.
(

Thousands of essays (g) (upload) every minute by university students from all around

the world about a wide range of university tapies. The projects (h) (then download) by

other students who need them far their assignments.

A g re a t amountof Shamela'sfreetime ( i) ------ devote) tothe web

( and some timesShamela
(j) ( feel) ti red. Sh e (k) (plan) to create the app for the phone but more

technical knowledge ( ) 1 (need) and she will have to work with an expert.

The passive with two objects

Passive with direct and indirect object
• The principal gave diplomas to the students.
• Diplomas were given to the students.

• The students were given diplomas.

• The academy awarded an Osear to Leonardo Dicaprio.

• An Osear was awarded to Leonardo Dicaprio.
• Le onardo Dicaprio was awarded an Osear .

@ Write two passive sentences for the active sentences below:

1. The organisers gave all the boys new faotball t-shirts.
a)
b)
_
t
2. My fa her gave a bike to my mo her on her birthday.t _
a)
b)
_
t t t
3. My mo her read bed ime s ories to my sister.
�
a)
b) ����---------.:.
_
_

74
Google Glasses
(D T lk with your partner
a abou t the following aspects:
l nformation details Camera Sc reen lnformation
Display
•
What do you know abou t Google Glasses?
•
t
Whatdo heylooklike?
•
What can you use them for?
•
t
Wha applications do they have?
• How much do they cost?

• t
Where can you get hem?

@ Listen to four people who tried Google Glasses for a week. Match the speakers (1-4) with the
info rmation below:
a) The gadget is good for forgetful people. Spea ker __
b) They a re good for the sport he/she practises. Speaker __
e) The speaker fel t futuristic. Speaker __
/ t
d) She He didn' expect anything impressive. S peaker __
t '
e) Wi h them, you II never ge t ost again.
l S peaker __
f) The speaker was surprised at the size of the gadget. S peaker __
g) The device is better than a tourist guide and a diary. S peaker __
h) The speaker really iked the possibility of giving commands.
l S peaker __

@ Lis ten again and answer the following questions: a)

How much do Google Glasses weigh?

t
b) Wha happens when you give a command to Google Glasses? c) s I

the voice nput good for any specific user?

i

d) Are they comfortable when hiking? Why Why no ? / t

t r
e) Men ion th ee things Google Glasses are use ul f for when travelling.

@ Read the transcript on page 106 and make a list (i' Search more information about Google
of the things the speakers did with Google Glasses. Glasses and share the ideas with your
classma tes.

75
Creating an application

(D Talk about the following aspects with your partner:

• Which applications have you got in your smartphone?

• t
What is your favouri e? Why?
• What makes an application successful?
• What do you need to create a new application?

@ Use the Internet to find out about the best applications of the year. Write the names of the apps
and a brief description of them. Then, share the ideas with your partners.

@ You are going to create a new application for smartphones. Work in groups and design the app
taking into account the following aspects:
• Na me of the app: Think of a catchy and original name.
•G eneral description of the app: What is it far?
• Specific description of the app: goals, users, sections ...
• Target audience: Who is t far?i

• Lago, sl ogan, magei

• Ex tra features and additional nfarmation

i

@ Presen t your app to the rest of the class as the Descriptive language
best app of the year.
• Prepare your presentation. •
The name of the app is ...
• Organise your ideas: introduction, body and •
l t markets/offers/provides/produces ...
conclusion.
We offer the possibility to ...
•

• t
Make i visual and a ttractive. Use a presentation •
There are ... sections
program.
We have created ... because .
•

• Pa y attention to fluency, accuracy, content and

pronunciation.
•
t
The posi ive aspects of... r
a e.

76
Tweeting

© Read the following extract and answer the questions orally:

t
"I cannotwatch a film on TV ogetherwith mywife. She is tweeting simul aneously and she spends t
t t
more time wi h her eyes on her compu er than on TV Un il insisted she stopped, she used to take
. t I

her computer to bed and surf the net while was trying to get asleep. thought was the exception
I 1 I

to this virtualization of family life but have gradually changed. Now access my computer to check
I I

my tweets. suffer from "tweet incontinence". The web has made the world more interesting. Too
1

interesting. Real ife and real people are monotonous and problematic in comparison. However
l ,

they have a unique advantage: they are real!"

Adapted from an article byTim Lott. The Guardian,January 19, 2013

t
• Wha do you think abou t the writer's feelings?
t
• Do you feel iden ified wi h him? t
• What are the dangers of suffering from "tweet ncontinence"? i

@ Answer these questions and omment the answer c s @ xplain the meaning of the following words
E

with your partner in Twitter and find them in exercise 4.

• What makes Twitter differentfrom othersocial REPLY TWEET

tworks?
ne RETWEET FOLLOW NG I
• What s Twitter useful far?
i @ HOmE
• Do you have a Twitter accou nt? What do you use t far? i FAVOURITE mESSAGE
• Who are your fallowers a nd who do you fallow? HASHTAG FOLLOWERS
@ Read the following tweet and the comments:

Good uck! @PauGasol you deserve to win.

l

t t
our coun ry, are you going to miss i ? #Spain2014

11
Verónica Real
@PauGasol Looking forwa d r to t! Go, Spain, go!
i

Pau Gasol
Just 100 days left for the Basketball World Cup in
Close
l 've already registered to be a volunteer! @PauGasol
RETWEETS FAVOURI TE
5056 8520
Daniel Peterson
@PauGasol Where can I ge t the tickets for the games?
L

Valencia Basket
We'II be there watching our idols! @PauGasol

@ Your teacher s going to write a tweet n

i i English in h /
is her account with a hashtag of his her choice. Vou /
must reply to it in English. You can also retweet it or mark it s favourite. Then you a will read your tweets in
class and will analyse the content and the language.

77
 r
G amma : Repor rted speech Speaking: A video CV

Listening: Description of a company Writing: A CV

Jobs in IT and Telecoms

(D Read the descriptions of the following jobs and match them with the job titles.
'

IT suppo rt officer IT teacher Ne twork administrator

Webmaster
P roject manager Hardware engineer Developer Software engineer
Compu ter security specialist t
Da a base adminis ra t tor
1

a)
am responsible for the performance, integrity and security of databases.
t t
help s uden s develop skills and knowledge in technical a reas wi h prac ica! t t value in the workplace.
1

b)
provide support and help in troubleshooting tasks.
1

c)

am in charge of web applications programming.

1

d)
f
e) manage the hardware and so tware tha comprise a network. t
1

f) design and maintain websi es.

1

1
t
g) design and develop IT devices.
write computer programs.
1

h)
i) work with companies to guarantee secure computer systems.
1

j) am responsible for planning, organising and executing projects related to

1
I T.

@ Talk with a partner about the following things:

• Which job from exercise 1 would you ike to do in the future? Why?
l

t t
• Wha job would you ha e to do?

• What s the most mportant thing for you when ooking for a job?
i i l

• Can you think of other jobs related to CT? I

@ Look a exe t f
rcise 1 again. Do you know the meaning o the expressions in bold? Use them to write a
description of your dream job. Use the dictionary for specific vocabulary.

JOB: ��������������������� �
TYPE OF COMPANY: �����������������
DESCRIPTION OF THE RESPONSIBILITIES: --------

I i r

78
@ A Telecommunications Engineer can work in three different a reas. Match them with their descriptions.
Telematics - Electronics - Communication

a) b) c)

They work wi h t electronic This area s very similar to

They work wi h information t i

a nd t
ed to be
how i is cod processors i n consume r the field o f l nformation
sent. They also work with electronic goods such as Technology. They work wi h t
digital processing of signa s. I toys, mobile devices or cars. networks, hardware,
They work with anything software, the nternet, etc.
I

that needs electronic

systems and processors.

@ Talk with your partner and then share the ideas with the class.

l f you were a Telecommunications

Engineer, in which area would you like

towork?

@ A Telecommunications Engineer may work in different fields. Complete the descriptions with the
missing words.

sa tellites - role - wiring - television - nternet - mobile phones

I

•
s to
t t
We workwith many hings related to heworld of communication. Our (a)
i

t
make sure the informa ion is coded and sen properly. t
•
(b) t
: We work wi h connections. F or example, how Spain and F rance are connected

via cable andas a consequence we can visi French websi es. t t

•
(c ) : We design the systems tha send da a to the space. t t
•
(d ) : We design their hardware and we work with the codification and sending of
i nformation.
•
(e) : We work with networks and antennas. We also design the (f) _
(J) nterview
l a person who works in IT or Telecoms. You can work in groups.

• ind someone who works in the field of T or Telecoms.

F I

• repare a list of questions about his/her tasks, responsibilities and role.

P

• nterview him/her and translate his/her answers into English.

l

• You can also record the interview.

-y
79
(D Read the following texts.

J OBADVERTS

1 t
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR required by Technical Services, a private small business wi h
t f t t
more han 40years o experience in providing solu ions to governmen agencies.
You will have to nstall, troubleshoot, configure and maintain a database system. You will also
i

monitor and optimise system performance.

5 f
The work requires knowledge o Oracle DB, SQL, MySQL, JavaScript and Microsoft Da a base t
Engine. A Bachelor's degree and 3-5 years experience is also desirable. As we are active in

Eu rope, fluency in French and German is also a requirement.

l f you are nterested and meet ali the requirements, send your CV to osh Bale, Human
i J

Resou rces Manager Technical Services. Falkirk Street 29, London TW56721.
,

1000 J OB OPPORTUNITY

1 The UCL is holding the 30th in ernational T t TELECOM ENGINEER required in Dubai. 1

STC Company. Full-time job. Monthly salary:

I

con e f rence next year n London with more

i

than 2,000 visitors from Russia and China. 4,000- 6,000 AED with variable bonus.
The event management team s ooking for i l

5 Russian and Chinese TRANSLATORS and

We are looking for a Telecom Engineer wi h a t
INTERPRETERS. t
degree in Elec ronics and Communica ion. t 5

t t
The candida e should have a least 2 years of
experience in Networking, Telecom and
Requiremen s: t
- Proficiency (C2) in English, Russian and
CCTV Sys tems. Fluency in Arabic is also

Ch inese (Official certificate required)

the position.
necessaryfor

10 t
- Good unders anding o Compu er f t The candidate should be residing n Dubai for
i
10
ence terms
Sci
term project.
a long-
- Good physical appearance
Send your CV to Khalid B in Mubarak,

t
Con act: i tconferenceucl30@xmail.com E mirates Road 311, Bur Dubai (UAE).

® Read the three advertisements and comment the following ideas with your partner:

• Which job would you apply for? Why?

• Which job would you never apply for? Why not?
• Wha t are the requirements for each job? Mention them.
• Do you find any requiremen t too difficult to meet?
• How can applicants contact the employers?
• Which advert do you ike the most n terms of content and clarity?
l i

80
Reading comprehension

@ Match the words with their correspondent definitions. Then find them in the text.
hold - troubleshoot - Bachelor - optimise - meet requirements

a) t
To analyse or diagnose a problem to the poin of finding the best solu ion t
t f
b) To make some hing as effective, per ect and use ul as possible f
e) t the skills and qualifications you are asked for
To satisfy, to sui

d) The owest academic degree conferred by universities and colleges

l

e) To organise, to celebrate a meeting) (

@ Read the job offers again and answer the following questions:

a) n I which position does the applicant need to be focused on problem solving? Why? b)

Which offer requires more communication skills? Why?

e) Is expe rience required in all the job positions?

d) n which job
I would you be living and working abroad?

@ Are these statements true or false? Justify your answer.

a) t
A universi y degree is required in all the jobs.

b) Mastering languages is a mus t f you want to apply for any of these jobs.
i

e) l f you want to apply for the jobs you have to send your CV by post.
r
d) The looks a e relevan when applying t for one the jobs.

r
e) The sala y in one o f the jobs s fixed.
i

Work with your partner and look for real job offers
Online. Analyse them regarding:

• tent and design

Con

• Description of the company

• Requirements
• Further nformation salary, timetable ..
i ( . )

• Contact with the employer

81
Reported speech

(D Read the following table.

Direct speech Reported speech

Ro b e rt said, "I have class in the mornings." Ro b e rt said (that) he had class n the mornings.
i

Rache! sa id, "I am doing an MBA course." l id she was doing an MBA course.
Rache sa

Tom said, "I have studied French far five years." Tom said he had studied French far five years.
Ted said, "I applied far that job last year " . Ted said he had applied far that job the year befare.
Laura said, "I had already finished homework." Laura said she had already finished homework.

Kate said, "I will study a degree in Economics." Kate said she would study a degree in Economics.
This
- That
Today
- That day -
he/she
we
they -
- Those
These Yesterday - The day befare me - him/her u s -them
Here -rhere t
Las nigh t - The ight befare
n my - his/her our - their
Now -rhen Tomorrow - The fallowing day mine - his/her ours - their
s
Ag o - Befare Next week -e- The fallowing week

@ Change the direct speech into reported speech. a)

"I understand German," Andrew said.

b} "My boss doesn't allow me to use the phone at work," the employee said.

e) "The company is raising the salaries today," Brad said.

d) "I have never been here befare," Micaela said.

e) "She hasn 't updated this computer far two years," the technician said.
f) "We went out ast night," the teenagers said.
l

g) "We didn't check the voicemail yesterday," the receptionist said.

h) "I had go t nto the bus by ten," Pete said.

i

i ) "I won't see you tomorrow," Barry said.

j) "I will sleep better with these pills," Rose said.

@ Change the reported speech into direct speech.

a) Alma said she was leaving the fallowing day.
b) Danny said he had go ma t rried the year befare.
c) Veronika said she would come and help me the nex day. t
d) Liz said she hadn't nstalled the antivirus.
i

e) The children said they didn't want to go to bed.

f) The journalist said the King was going to abdicate that evening.

82
 Commands
Ask and tell
• "Go to bed!" he said.
He asked me to go to bed.

• "Don't clase the window!" he said. He

told me not to clase the window.

@ Write sentences in reported speech with the following elements:

a) My mother said, "Tidy up your room today."

b) Anne said, "Please buy a presen t far daddy's birthday this afternoon."
c) Megan said, "Read this book beca use i 's very interesting." t
d) The teachers said, "Don 't smoke n the school."
i

e) The IT worker said, "Don't install two different antivirus programs on the same computer "
.

Reported questions
Wh- questions
• Paul asked, "Why do you study telecoms?"
• Paul asked why studied Telecoms.
I

/
Yes no questions

• Paul asked, "Do you like chocolate?"

• Paul asked if/whether iked chocolate.
I l

@ Make reported questions. Use "She asked me" at the beginning of each answer. a)
What does an operating system consist of?

t
b) Why did you ge home so la e las nigh ? e) t t t
Ha ve you been to Paris?

f t
d) How o ten do you visi you paren s? r t

t t
e) Had you s udied repor ed speech befare? f)

Will you come la er? t

83
Description of a company

©v ouwill hear an interview toan employee of an international

company. Listen carefully and answer the following questions:
y I SAG R I
a) Which two things does Vincent's company mix?

b) Circle the sec ors t where SAGRI works:

I

rivers houses farms wine cellars sh ops tivations

cul

c) What do the animal programs control abou the animals? t

r
d) Consoles a e placed on tractors and controlled by , • -----
���

t
e) Wha is the role o f the employees n Valencia?
i

f) Mention at least four departments of the company.

t
g) Circle the coun ries where they work.
Hunga ry Bu lgaria Roman ia Belgium Morocco S weden

@ Sa y i f the following sentences are true or false and explain the false
ones. a) The TV program is always abou t technologies.
b) lsagri's programs have replaced human ac ions. t �
t r r
c) Compu er p ograms a e based on a legal framework. FIELD

Two
MANAGEMENT
devke.
stepsa,e onlyrrquiredtosetVo<,Jr

• ;; :! �= ;. ;!
i1 u��

Jp pllc.io llQn •
1e ' � �n i
d) The programs can be used only in smartphones and compu ers. t • ; = : ] ! ;� ; f � a� P �� �
c ; :: �: W HI

@ ar J St t ppll u lon
1

r
e) There a e 800 employees who work in Spain.
SAGRI.
f) Applicants need to have studied at university to apply far a job in I

@ Read the transcript on page 107. What is the meaning of the expressions and words in blue?

l)
84
ACV
(D Read the following CV.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Susan Haw horne t

28 Clearblue Rd E24587
London, UK

Date of birth: 30 12 85 / /
Phone number: 678-567-8901
Email: suehaw@gmail.com

EDUCATION

-
2013 Online diploma in web-based technology for business www.coursera.org
2012- Master's degree n lnformation Technology. University College of London, London (UK)
i

2010- Bachelor's degree in Computer Science. Nottingham University Nottingham UK) , (

2005 - Vocational Training course in T Hackney Communi I . ty College, London UK) (

WORK EXPERIENCE
2013-2014 Part-time T teacher Brightech School. Brighton, United Kingdom.
I .

- Taught Computer Science at different levels.

- Prepared students to take official exams to get into university.
- Assessed students' abilities to program and design websites.

2010-2013 Webmaster at lkea's official website. Wembley, United Kingdom.

- Coordinated the planning, maintenance and accessibility of the web.
- Responsible for the design and updating of the website.
t
- Con ribu ed t to online marketing strategies, specializing in e-commerce.
- lmproved the web service by facilitating training courses for staff .

KEY SKILLS

t t
- Proficien in mul iple compu er anguages. t l

t
- Knowledge of the n ernet and search engines.
I

- Experience with animation.

- Excellen t eadership, communication and organization skills.
l

LANGUAGES
- Proficiency in Spanish and French (C2). Three-mon h
work experience in t
Universidad Complutense (Madrid, Spain) and Université de Lyon (Lyon, France).

REFERENCES
r t
Roge S anza, Manager lkea Wembley. .

@ Read the CV and answer the following questions @ Write your own CV.
with your partner. T i ps

t t
• Compare i wi h a Spanish CV. Wha are the t • Present t in a clear and organised way
i .

Do not make t too ong. One page would

main differences and similari ies? t • i l

be perfect.
/
• Look at the words expressions in bol d. What
t
do heymean?
• Use formal and not complicated anguage. l

• Have you heard of the Europass CV? Lookfor

• Spell-check you CV r .

examples and analyse them in class.

• Be truthful.

85
A video CV

G) Commen on t the following questions with your partner and then share your ideas with the
class.

t
• Wha is a video CV?
t t
• Wha are i s advan ages overat traditional paper CV?
• What should the video con ain? t
t
• How long should i last approxima ely? t
t t
• Think of sorne tips for a person who wan s to crea e a video CV.

@ Work in small groups. Search examples of video CVs on the Internet that you consider
interesting and attractive. Share them with the class and analyse the following aspects:

l. Adequacy for the type of job

2. Length and duration
3. Content
4. Formality and style
S. Originality and creativity

@ Read the following tips on how to create a video CV.

t t
A video CV, video résumé or visumé is a short video crea ed by a person who wan s to apply for a
job. lt describes the applicant's skills and qualifications in a more visual and attractive way than
the traditional CV. lt does not replace the paper one since not ali the employers like the idea.

However, i works t as a complement of the traditional curriculum which might bolster the
applicant's search for employment.
T i ps

• t
Do no read your CV in front of the camera.
• D ress professionally.
• Do not speak too fast.
• Make sure there isn't any background noise.
• Find a neutral background.

• Keep t short (1-3 minutes).

i

• Focus on your qualifications and professional achievements.

• Do not talk too much aboutyour personal life.

• Explain why you are a good candidate forthe position.

• Thankthe employerfor consideringyour CV.

• Practise before recordingyourself .

@ Crea te your own video CV.

Use the CV you wrote n the writing session of this unit to select the nformation you want to
i i

mention in the video. Follow the instructions above and submit t to the teacher Follow the
i .

teacher's advice on the use of digital technology to record the video.

86
 r r f
G amma : Revision o verbal tenses Speaking: A job interview
t
Lis ening: A job nterview
i Writing: A cover letter

Working conditions

(D Com plete the following sentences with the correspondent verbs in the correct form.

work overtime - apply far - fire - earn - leave - hire - be unemployed

a) l f you want ajob, you have to it and send your résumé.

b) lkea l employeeseveryyear That'sgreat news!

OO .

e) Myfriends 1,300 € a month, which is a good salary.

d) My boss always . t
He s ays two orthree hours after 6.
e) My sister her t
job last year beca use she did not like he conditions.
f) Petercomplained about his shift and the next day the boss , him.
g) A high percentage of the population and they cannotfind a job.

@ Look a t these expressions and find synonyms in exercise 1.

a) d ismiss
b)qui t
give somebody the sack
e)
Fire
d)employ
t
e) obeoutofwork
f) work extra hours
g) wage
h) Cu rrículum Vitae

@ Match the definitions in A with the correct words in B.

A B

l. A person who is being trained far a job a) ma ternity eave l

f
2. Period o absence far an employee when having a baby t
b) resigna ion

t
3. Leave employmen beca use o age f e) sick leave

f
4. The act o leaving a job permanen ly t tr
d) re i e

t t
5. Period of absence far an employee due o heal h reasons e) trainee
6. A period of time when a person s allowed away from work and f) unpaid eave
i l

he/she is not paid far

@ Think of examples for the following types of jobs and explain the difference between them.

-
SELF EffiPLOYED FULL -TiffiE JOB PART -TiffiE JOB
TEffiPORARY JOB

PERffiANENT JOB CASUAL JOB I

SH FT IAJORK TEAm
IAJOR K
87
Personal quali ies t
@ Choose the correct adjective in each sentence.

a) Be tty s hard-working/confident. She's at the office from 8am to lOpm every day b)
i . 1

don 't think she can be a good customer representative. She s too confident/shy. i

c) /
AII ouremployees are veryeasy-going knowledgeable abou compu er repair and networtk t t
t
installa ion. They have manyyears o experience and training. f
d) Are you responsible respectful? Do you usually / finish your projects on time?
e) am very impatien
1 t/insecure. need things to be done quickly
l .

f) 1 ama fast learner/creative. don't need a ot of explanation.

l l

y r
g) A: Whydo ou thinkyou a e a good eam player responsibleemployee? t /
B: Well, ama good listener, l'm respectful with others, and the most important, 1 like to share
1

nformation, knowledge and experience.

i

h ) He s a v e ' ry relaxed/punctual person. He's never ate. l

i) Secretaries need to be organised determined. They have to keep / track of receipts and payments,
prepare and senda lot of documents, fill out many forms and schedule appointments.

/
j) ama reliable dedicated team member You can coun on me to deliver good performance ali the time,
1 . t
no tjust sorne of the time.

@ Look at the following personal qualities and abilities. What do they mean?

TENACITT ACCURACY rmAGINATION AffiBITION

EFFICIENCY CREATIVITY LEADERSHIP

I
LOG CAL REASON NG I ffiULTITASK NG I
SOCIABILITY CHARISmA

GOOD UJITH FIGURES commuNICATION SKILLS

(J) Work n i pairs.

• Talk with your partner and decide which skills best define
you. Can you think of others?

• Which characteristics are essential for these jobs?

t t
- Accoun an - T worker
I

- Administrative assistant - Tourist guide

- Nurse - Customer represen a ive tt
88
G) Read the following text.
WORKING IN EUROPE
1
Working n Europe might
i be seen as an exci ing adven u e. Travelling t tr
abroad, meeting new people, earning a new anguage and earning a l l

ttractive factors that make people consider working

better salary are a
abroad as the best option.
5 However finding a good job n
, Europe s not achieved n a single day
i i i .

r t t
There a e many hings tha a person should bear in mind befare making
this important decision. The European abour market is diverse and l

there are differences between countries not only n the language but also in the recruitment i

practices. Job-hunting may be different in each country and this should be considered befare
10 startingthe European adventure.

To start with, writing your Currículum Vitae entails more than translating it into a fareign language.

t
Those looking far a job abroad have to take na ional differences nto account. Far nstan ce, sorne i i

coun tries put more emphasis on the work experience whereas others ook far detailed accounts of l

your qualifications and education background. Cover etters are also a key factor n the European l i

15 application process. t s said that n France,

l i a handwritten etter causes a better mpact than a
i l i

typed etter butthis would be unconceivable in other European countries where their preferences
l

a re more facused on the ength of the texts. l

t
The aim of preparing a CV anda cover letter righ is to persuade the employer to invi e you far a job t
nterview and job interviews may also vary depending on the country where you
i are. lf a job-
20 hu nter is about to be interviewed far a job in Spain, he would never mentían the salary at the
beginning of the conversation. He would discuss payment either ater in a second conversation or l ,

even after having been hired. However in other European countries, candidates would not
,

consider this rude and would tackle the subject first in the interview. The same happens with the

types of questions employers may ask. Whereas sorne of them facus on the qualifications, others
25 are more interested in the personal qualities, prívate life and expectations of the candidate.

Looks a re also mportant when getting a job.

i Fa r talian employers, how you ook reflects how you
l l

work. Detailed care of your looks eads to a first positive impression. Candidates n
l i England also
take care of their appearance being the suit the first choice far an interview. n Spain, I far nstan ce,
i

a more casual but always smart ook might be acceptable. l

30 F inding a job in Europe is now trendy. Hundreds of young peo ple are now ooking far good jobs l

abroad with the excuse of learning a new language, living a new experience and getting better
paid. Unfartunately, most of them end up working in places where they would never work in their
home countries and under conditions they would never accept there. Getting a job does not only
depend on your personal qualities and determination bu also on the previous search of the t
35 t
country, its possibili ies, opportunities, differences and similarities and on a good personal
preparation for the application process.

@ Find in the text synonyms for these words:

a) Wage (Paragraph ) 1
e) Unthinkable (Paragraph ) 111
--------
b) One (Pa agraphr 11 ) f) Goal (Paragraph V) I

c) Employmen t(Paragraph 11 ) _ g) mpolite (Paragraph V)

l I

r
d) Requires (Pa agraph 11 1 ) h) Fashionable (Paragraph VI) _

89
 Reading comprehension

@ Match the words in the box to their definitions.

background - job-hunt - looks - bear in mind - abroad

a) To seek employmen , t to ook far a job

l

b) In or o at fareign country or countries

e) To conside r
t t
d) Social, historical or educa ional an eceden s o a person t f
e) Appea ance or a r ttractiveness

@ Answer the following questions according to the information in the text. Use your own words. a)
Why is working abroad an attractive option far people?

t
b) Wha is importan t to consider when preparing a CV?

e) Would an applicant in Spain mention the salary in the job interview?

r
d) Rega ding physical appearance, wha is the di erence be t ff tween Spain and England? e) Do

people usually find the ideal job abroad? Why? Why not?

@ Read the text again and say if the following statements are true or false:

a) t
When looking far a job, there are differences be ween European countries which go beyond
anguage.
l

t t
b) On a CV, educa ion, qualifica ions and work experience are equally valued.
e) l t s not advisable to use the computer when writing a etter of application n France. d)
i l i

Loo s a k re mportant n ali European countries when ooking far a job.

i i l

@ Work in pairs and answer the following questions.

• Would you like to work abroad? Where?

• What type of job would you like to do?
• What is important to do befare travelling?
t t
• Wha is the most difficul part of looking far a job in Europe?
• How would you dress far a job in erview? t

90
Tense revision
(D Complete the s en tences with present simple. present continuous or present perfect.

a) A: Why you/apply)forthisjob? B: Beca use want ogain moreworkexperience.

( I t
b) 1 (send) a ot of CVs so far but l (not receive) anycalls yet.
1

e) A: Why are you still here? lt's so ate! B: l(finish) a reportfortomorrow morning.
1

d ) A: (you/like) working shifts? B: Of course not. lt's very tiring.

e) Mary (not think) her boss is satisfied with her job.

@ Complete the sen tences with past simple. past continuous or past perfect.
a) John (wait) in the room when the head of Human Resources

_________ (call) his name.

b) When she (arrive) the job nterviews i lready/finish).
(a

e) She made a big mistake. She (say) she (work)

as a waitress before but it wasn't true.

d) When the boss (come in to) the room we ali _
( know) someone was going to get fired.
e) My husband (n ot get) the job beca use he _
(n ot have) enough experience in the financia! sector .

@ Comple te the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use be qoinq to or wi/1.
a) A: Why you/wear) a tracksuit? (

B: Because 1 (play) a tennis match.

b) A: How do you see yourself n ten years' time? i

B: think 1 1 (be) the head of this department.

c) A: What is the purpose of the meeting?

B : We (talk) about the new company policies.

d) Her new business (be/definitely) a big success.

e) Be careful You ! (spill) your coffee on the keyboard !

@ Change these sentences into reported speech.

a) "l'm responsible for providing logistical support," she explained.

b) "Why did you eave your ast job?" the interviewer asked.
l l

c) "I have worked as a shop assistant for thirty years," she said.

d) He asked, "What are your salary expectations?"

e) "We will call you for a second interview " she told me. ,

f) "Do you work well under pressure?" she asked me.

@ Complete these conditional sentences using the correct verbal tenses.

a) l f you (not change) your attitude towards work, you will get the sack.

b) l she f not tell) a íe, she would have been hired.

( l

c) Yo u (stand out) from the rest of the candi dates if you create your own video CV .

d) l f 1 (be) you, would post my CV on Linkedln.

1

e) 1
(move) to another country if didn't find a job in Spain.
I

91
@ Complete the email below with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets. There may be more than one
correct answer.
i
H Susana,

How a e r you? As you know, 1

}
(a
( write) to you from Scotland where I

(b) (do) my FCT training period. (e) 1

(be)

here for eight weeks now and am very happy beca use (d) I (learn) a ot of l

things about hotel management. 1 (e) (also/do} an intensive course of

English. have over twenty hours a week so think (f)
1 I 1 (definitely/end

up) speaking really good English.

My roommates, Fiona and Gregory, are really friendly. They (g) ( know)
Spa t
in qui e well as they (h) (live) there for two years sorne time ago. n I

fact, they (i) (meet) each other when they (j) _

t
(study) in Barcelona. Fortuna ely they only speak to me in English. They say they ( k) _
t
(speak) Spanish qui e well, bu they think they (1 t ) (already forget) most /
ft
o i . At first (m} 1 (not understand) them very well because o their f
Scottish accent bu now 1 (n) t (get used) to i . t
I lso very happy with my work colleagues because we get on really well. We
am a
(o) (usually/go out) together at weekends. This weekend we

(p ) (travel) to the north of Scotland. am really excited. 1 1

(q) (write) to you again to tell you ali about t. i

think you (r) (s )

I
(phone} me yesterday but 1
_
(just/go) out. You can phone me again tomorrow but please t) , ( ( not call)
between 6 and 7 pm beca use we usually have dinner at that time. Well, that's ali for now.

Lo ts of ove,l

Son ia
Use the words in brackets to rewrite the sentences so that they mean the same.
(j)

a) Have you arranged to meet Sue tomorrow?

------------------------ -- (mee ting) Sue tomorrow?

b) The last time saw him was in 2009.
I

____________________________ since} 2009. (

c) have no plans
1 to visit my German friend this year .

---------------------- ( going} German friend this year .

t
d) She was promo ed to Ma ke ing Direc or r t t two years ago.
Sh e -------------------------- - (for) two years.

tr
e} The class s a ted befare we arrived.

When we arrived, ------------------------ (al ready).

f) The woman nterviewed ali the candidates.
i

AII the candidates ----------------------- - (by).

92
A job interview

(D Have you ever been to a job nterview? What are the most common
i
t
questions that in erviewers
ask to candidates? Talk about this with your partner and make a list f
o possible questions.

@ Do you know the meaning o f these words and expressions? Share the ideas with the class.

place a person
Re Ca reer goals S trength
Weakness Willingness Requirement

@ Turn to page 85 and read Susan's CV. She applied for a job and you are going to listen to her job
t
in erview. Listen carefully and answer the following questions:

a) Which position is Susan applying far? b)

What are Susan's qualifications?

e) t f t
Wha did she do in the world o educa ion?

t t
d) Wha are her grea est strengths?

t r
e) Wha a e her weaknesses?

© Lis ten again and say if the following statements are true or false. Justify the false answers.
a) Susan was responsible far the marketing section of lkea's website.
b) Susan worked far kea beca use the previous webmaster was fired.
l

e) The salary is not the most important thing far Susan.

d) Susan expects a salary which is reasonable far her position.
e) Susan's short-term goal s to have a good position n this reputed company.
i i

f) Susan is hired at the end of the interview.

93
 A job interview
(D Read the following job interview:
Mr Wells: Good morning, Mrs Torres. read your application for the position of secretary at our
1

Finance department.

Mrs Torres: Yes, sir am interested in the position.

. 1

t
Mr Wells: Tell me abou your previous jobs, please.
Mrs Torres: worked as a secretary in Marketvas, a small financia! company.
1

Mr Wells: Why did you leave the job?

Mrs Torres: quit. My boss was nota very nice person. She was too bossy and demanding.
1

Mr Wells: see ... And what exactly did you do there?

1

Mrs Torres: was the secretary.

1

Mr Wells: What are your strengths?

Mrs Torres: am good at typewriting. type 140 words per minute.
1 1

Mr Wells: And your weaknesses?

Mrs Torres: Actually, do not have any weakness.
1 consider myself a very hard-working person.
1

Mr Wells: Do you speak any foreign languages?

Mrs Torres: l'm afraid was never good at languages at school.
I

Mr Wells: AII right. Thank you for your time, Mrs Torres. We will call you.

@ I n pairs, analyse the previous job interview.

t
• Which answers are not appropria e in your opinion? Why?
• Can you think o f a better way to answer those questions?
• Role play the previous conversation after making sorne changes.

@ Read t
the job interview on page 107. Make a list wi h the questions that the in erviewer asks and add t
other questions you consider importan . t
� @ Work n pairs. You are going to role play different job interviews.
i r tuations 1 and 2 Student A
F o si

will be the interviewer. r situations

Fo t
3 and 4 Student A will be the candida e. Add more information.

Journalist Bankcle rk

t
Du ies: lnterview sta e represen atives t t t
Du ies: Serve customers
lan advertising campaigns
P Answer people's questions
Write reports Dealwith moneyand bankaccounts
Languages: Spanish and French t
Keep sta istics
Weaknesses: Communication t
Skills: Good a figures
Leadership Years of experience: 5 yea rs

Compu ter engineer Fash ion Designer

Du ties: Work with computers Du ties: Travel to different places

Design computer programs Cope with different types of customers
Strengths: Efficient Update fashion catalogues.
Troubleshooting skills
Weaknesses: Meticulous E xpectations: Earn 20% over ast salary
l

94
A cover letter

• What is a cover letter or letter of application?

• To whom is it addressed?
• What should an applicant include in a cover letter?
• What is the difference between a cover letter and a
Curriculum Vitae?

G) Read the letter and put the expressions in the correct places.
hea ing r
from you t
relevan work experience concerning

currently to apply far I believe

Dea r Sir or Madam,

Iam writing the position of Head of nternational Department advertised in l

the California University website.

I t
am 39 years old, Spanish, wi h a degree in English studies from the Universi y o Madrid and a t f
t
Masters in lnterna ional Studies from the Universi y of Los Angeles. 1 t am
_
t
finishing my PhD and working on my hesis, which deals with multiculturalism and linguistics.
.
I also have
have been a language assistan far 7 years in the lnterna ional t t
1

Depa rtment of Valencia University Spain. was responsible far , interviewing foreign students,
1

offering advice about studies or career paths and document processing. also worked far APCT 1

Translations n 2005 translating

i egal documents from Spanish l into English. My professional

experience also ncludes organising and planning training courses far foreign students as well as
i

cultural trips around the country . my anguage ability have a proficient evel l , 1 l

of English and French and am currently following an ntensive course of German.

I i

Iconsider myself a hard-working, creative and sociable person. have the 1

necessa ry skills and qualifications to work n your department because t offers perspectives that
i i

t
match my raining and expectations.

I am available foran interview atanytime and ook l

l f the etter s addressed to a
i specific
t --------
l

forward o r r
person (Dea M Hobbs), the closing
should be You s r sincere/y
r thfully
.

You s fai ,

Laura Oliver

@ Read the advertisement and write a cover

fl
Use u exp essions r le tter to apply for the position.
www.infojobs.com May 16, 2014
• 1 sa w your advertisemen in . t
TELECOMS ENGINEER
• m writing in reference to
a .
STC Company. Full time job
1

• 1 am interested in the vacancy .. .

Monthly salary: 2,000$ with variable bonus
• Please consider my application far .. . Requirements: degree in Electronics and Communication,

• 1look forward to an interview .. . 2 years of experience in Networking, Telecom and CCTV

Systems. Fluency in Spanish would be a plus.
• 1would welcome an opportunity to
meet with you ... l nterested candidates please send CV and cover etter l .

Hila ry Child - hilarychildhr@stc.com

95
Page 31, exercise 2

Calling IT support

Problem: You r Wi-fi connection drops Customers

Problem:
r tr
Problem: You compu e is on bu t the Your computer s sloweri

t
unexpec edlyfor no obvious reason. r
sc een is blank. than normal.
Duration: Since you installed the Duration: A couple of days. Since you
f
Duration: Hal an hour
t
rou er two mon hs ago.t downloaded and i nstalled a new
t
Previous solu ions: You have tried Previous solutions: You have checked program.
that you have power and you have Previous solu tions: You have deleted
turningthe routeron and off. tried turningthe compute ron and off .

Problem: A ot of noise is coming

l
t f files and you have uninstalled
a lo o
the program that you downloaded.
Problem: The wireless network
that

Problem: t
When your laptop ge s hot
from your computer . i tturns off unexpectedly
. you are usually connec ed t to h as

Duration: A few days i r

t
Previous solu ions: You have cleaned
the back of the computer case.
d sappea ed from the connection list.
Duration: A few hours Duration: An hour
t
Previous solu ions: You have cleaned Previous solu tions: You've tested the
thefans.
wireless connection with two other
laptops and it works. You've tested to

connect via cable and it works.

I T worker Diagnosis Cause So l u tion Ex tra advice

96
 Page 31, exercise 2

Calling IT support Technical support

Diagnosis: lnsufficien Wi-fi net twork Diagnosis: Blank moni or t

Diagnosis: Virus or spy-ware
range and power Cause: You have downloaded an
Cause: Salid Cause: The video cable has become
objects -walls, metal l oase. i nfected file.
furniture and electrical
appliances- t
Solu ion: Sean you r compu er t for
t
can in erfere t
wi h the signa!. Wi-Fi t
Solu ion: Push the cable back in and
inks become unstable wi h distance.
l t tighten the screws that hold i tn
i viruses and spy-ware. Delete the file.
place. E xtra advice: Don 't download free
tion: Move the
So l u t
compu er close r Ex t ra advice: Don 't place the
to the router . programs from untrusted sites.
compu e case tr too close to a wall.
Ex tra advice: Buy an add itional
an tenna or use a signa! repeater .

Diagnosis: Dust in the fans Diagnosis: Overhea ing t

Diagnosis: Faul ty configuration of the
Ca u s e : t rou er t
Cause: The inside o fthe case s dirty
i .
There may be a problem wi h

Solution: Swi ch o t ff the P C, remove the fans orthe battery. Cause: Unknown
the case id, blow nto the fan and the tion: Turn t off and bring t to the
S ol u
Solution: Uninstall the wireless
driver and the router driver and then
l i i i

power supply and res at rtthe PC. shop. The technician will check t. i reinstall
Extra advice: Clean the inside of your Extra advice: Don't place it on lap, i t.
Ex tra advice: None
tr r
compu e regula ly. bed, couch or other fabric surfaces.

Customer's p ro t
Use a lap op coole r .
p ·
1

u tl
bl em O ura t"

name on
i
revrous so r ons

97
Ba rcode reader Modem
Came ar Printer
Desk top computer Projector
Externa! hard-drive Smartphone

Fa x Speaker

Headse t Supercomputer

La ptop Tablet PC
Mouse Touchpad
Keyboard USB flash drive
Mainframe Webcam
Moni or t Workstation

Applica ion t 1/ 0
Command Kernel
Co e r Layer
CPU Operating system

E xecute RA M
GUI So ftware
I nterface WIMP

B roadband modem Node

Bus ne twork Pee r-to-peer

Cat-5 cable r
Pe sonal Area Network _
Client P rotocol
Configure Plug in

Data Ring ne twork

Device Se rver
Drop ou t Se upt
Firewall Sha re
Flow t r twork
S a ne

Hotspot tch (n)

S wi
Hub Switch (v)

ntranet
I Switch on / off

Link Troubleshoot
Local Area Network Turn on
La g on Wave
t t
Metropoli an Area Ne work _ Wireless access point
Ne twork packet Wide Area Network

98
Blog I P address
Blogge r Newsgroup
B ridge P os t
Browse r P rotocol
Da a t Sea rch engine
Domain name TCP IP /
Domain Name Sys tem URL
Ga teway Upda te
HTML World Wide Web

Bold lndent
Bulle s t ltalic
Cell Justify

Cha rt Layou t
Click Macro
Cl ipart Open-source
Copy Pas te
Cu so r r P ress
Cu t P rint
t
Da a base Red o
Dele te Right-click
D agr Row
eld
Fi Spellcheck

le
Fi Spreadsheet

Font Table
Footer Template
Format Toolbar
Graph Undo
Highlight Value
Hold Word processor
l con Worksheet

Command t
Mul ipla form t
Compiled Pa a r meter
Debug Program
E xecute Protocol
Fu nction Script

HTML Source code

I DE Variable
nterpreted
l XML
Machine code

99
Adware Ph ising
Antivirus so tware f Piracy
r
C acke r Prevent
Cookies Protect
Cybe rcrime Reliable
Cybe s r talking Risky
Damage Sa fe
Dangerous Sa fety
Decode Secure
Disable Security
En cryption Spyware
Highligh t S SL c e rtificate
Hacke r Trojan
P Spoofing
I Trust
Malware Un reliable
Mistrust Upda te
Pad lock Username
Password Virus
Plagiarism Worm

Analogue I n teractivity
Animation l nstall
Device
Media
Digi al t Mobile web applica ion t _
Digi tize Motion
Display
Na tive application
Gadge t Run
House Sc reen
r
Hyb id applica tion S imulation

Applican t Develop
Apply for Develope r
Bachelor's degree
Diploma
Ce rtificate E lectronics
Communica tions Ha rdware engineer
Computer security specialist I CT
CV / Résu mé T support officer
t r t or
I

t
Da abase adminis a I T teacher

1 00
Job advert Qualifica ions t
Job application
Salary
Job offer
Satellite
Knowledge of
Skills
Master's degree Software engineer
Main ain t Task
Ne twork administrator Telema ics t
Project manager
Telecoms
Proficien tn i
Ti meta ble
Re ferences Vacancy
Requirement t
Voca ional Training course _
Responsibilities
Webmaster
Responsi ble for Wiring
Ro le Work experience

Accuracy Hard-working
Ambi ion t lmagination
Background
lmpatient
Candida e t r ip
Leade sh
Career lnsecure

Casua l job Job-hunt

r
Cha isma Job nterview
i

Communica tion skills Knowledgeable

Con fident Lazy
Cove r etter
l
Logical reason
Creative Look forward to
Creativity Maternity eave l

Dedicated Meticulous
Deg ree Multitasking
De termined Organised
Dismiss Part-time job
Easy -going Permanent job
E fficiency Position
Employ Punctual
Employee Part-time job
Employer
Permanent job
Employment
Punctual
Encl ose Quit
Expectation Relaxed
Fast earner
Reliable
l

Full-time job
Resignation
Give somebody the sack Responsible
Goals Re tire
Good with figures Sel f-employed

1 01
Sh ift work Trainee
Sh y Training
Sick leave Unpaid leave

Sociability Va caney
Strength Wage
Team player Weakness
Team work Work extra hours
Temporary job Work overtime
Tenacity Yours faithfully
t f
To be ou o work Yours sincerely
1 02
Unit 1. Characteristics of a computer
l.

l an: Then you'II need more than a traditional computer to get the best
Matt: Hi Steven!

Steven: Hey, Ma ! Wha 's up? Wow, tt t you've got an lpad!

Matt: Well, not exactly. l 's a tablet.
l aptop everywhere. needed something ligh er
t
resul s. 1 recommend one o f these Dell Precision workstations which
you can customise. The T360 model is really good to start wi h. l t t
t 1 was tired of carrying my heavy
ncludes an lntel® Xeon® Processor Quad Core 3.7 GHz Turbo, which is
t
i
1 .

really high performance and 8 GB of memory with eight DIMM slots

S teven: Brilliant! And what does it have?
for easy upgrades. Your job requires big storage and this one has a
Matt: Well, it runs on the latest version o Android, i has a 1.0 GHz Dual f t
Process or and an interna! memory of 16 GB.
r r f t
ha d d ive o 500 GB. l 's good bu maybe no enough, so you can t t
choose 1 TB instead.
Steven: Will 16 GB be enough for you?
Matt: 1 Nick: Yes, prefer 1 TB.
think so. But it comes with a MicroSD slot so can expand the
1

an: t comes with a professional-grade AMD FirePro'" graphics card,

f need t. t also has Bluetooth and WiFi, and t's
memory up to 32 GB i I i l i
l l

which is one of the best options for your demanding graphics

compatible with most video and audio formats.
oftware. And then Windows 8 pre-installed, McAfee 30-day trial and
Steven: Wow! Let me see. l 's very ligh and the screen is huge. t t s

Matt: Yes, 10 inches. three-year basic warranty ...

S teven: 'd like to have one too. How much is it?

l
Nick: How much is i ? t
an: Well, 3.7 GHz Turbo processor 8 GB of RAM, 500 GB plus the extra
t
Matt: l was 325€ bu I gota 10% discoun with the studen t t t card. 1 paid
l ,

500 GB hard drive ... Tha 's 1150€. t

abou 295. t
Nick: see ... 1150€. Can you offer any discounts?
Steven: Almos 300€? l t 'm afraid I t ff r
can' a o d tha . t 1

2. l an: 'm sorry but we already have the best prices on the market.
l

Nick: OK, '11 1 take it.

Helen: Wh ... Wha 's tha , James? t t
ames: Oh, t's my new smartwatch. Do you ike t?
J

Unit 2. lnstalling an OS
i l i

Helen: Smart .. what? .

J ames: Smartwatch. t's kind of a watch with a computer l .

Brenda: H i How was your summer? You are tanned
! !

Helen: Are you kidding me? And wha does tha t t thing do?
Andy: Yeah ... We spent a fortnight in Ibiza. We really oved the place!
ames: Well, told you. t's ike a computer so
l

can check my emails,

J
1 l l I

Brenda: Tha 's grea t t! Anyway wanted to talk to you abou t the
read Twitter updates, listen to music, download apps ... Lots of things.
,1

Helen: And wha do you wan t t t for f you have a smartphone that does
i i
t t
Opera ing Systems tha we have to ins all in the classrooms. t
Andy: Yes, we need to install them as soon as possible because classes
exactly the same?

J ames: You know ... 1 always like to have the latest technology. a e abour tto start.
Brenda: Which ones should we install?
t
Helen: Tha 's ridiculous! l must be really expensive and you're wasting t
Andy: Windows 8 and Linux.
money you don' have! t
J ames: Not really ,i t s just 280€. That's cheap considering that t has a
i i
Brenda: Bo h? t
f
processor o 800 MHz, an in ernal memory o 4 GB, 128 MB o t f f RAM, Andy: Yes. To make them work, you mus t nstall Windows first and then
i

Linux.
and Android 2 sys em ... t
Helen: Oh, please, 1 don' understand a word abou gigaby es or t t t Brenda: Windows first?
processors. 1 only know tha tt i i s expensive and you don't have a job. Andy: Yes, because Linux has a very good t
boo ing up program called

James: Don't worry .. . G R UB that allows the running ofWindows as well.

3. t
Brenda: 1 see. And how do I ins all the sys ems? The e a e 20 compu e s t r r tr
i n each class .. Should do it one by one?
. I

an: Good morning. How can help you?

l I

Andy: think it would be better o clone them and that way, we install the
1 t
Nick: Good morning. l'm looking for a compu er l'm an architecture t .
OS in all the compu ers a t t the same time. There s an excellent program i

s tudent and 'm starting my final project now would ike the computer
l .1 l
that makes that possible.
to ast for the next four or five years at east.
l l Bren da: Which program?

la n: guess you run specialized and demanding applications, right?

1
Andy: lt's called Clonezilla.
Nick: Yes, do a lot of CAD work, 3D modelling and rendering, image
1
Brenda: Ok! Thank you for all the informa ion. t 1 t tt
couldn' a end the las t
t
edi ing, graphic design and sorne video edi ing. t mee ing a t t the department because I was sick. Are you coming with me

to class A ? l
Andy: l'm goingforacoffee now! 1 11 be back in 20 minutes! '

1 03
Unit 3. Calling IT support Unit 4. A blog creator
Conversation 1 nterviewer: Hi! We are back again here at LIVING WITH YOU,
l the radio

Technical support: Technical support, Hilary speaking, how may I help s a i ontt for people with good ideas . Be fore the commercials told you we I

you? r ine
were going to interview a person who hada good dea and she s .. i i .
LÓ a

Holmes. Welcome, Loraine!

'm having problems with my aptop.
Client: Good morning. l l

Technical support: What's wrong with t? i

raine: Thank you, Sasha. Thank you for inviting me o yourdaily program.
Lo
t
Client: For sorne reason i won t 't connectto my home wireless network. lnterviewer: Loraine, you are here beca use you created your own blog two

Technical support: How long have you had this problem? years ago.

Client: l t started yesterday t was working fine about two days ago.
.l
Lo raine: Yes, 1 did. And tha changed my li e. t f
Technical support: Have you checked the router is on? ln terviewer: Tell us aboutthe blog. What is it about?
t 1 t ff and on several times.
Clien : Yes, have. have also swi ched i o 1 t Lo raine: l 've always been a good cook.1 ove cooking and l I u s ed to cook a ot l

Technical support: s the wireless switch on your aptop turned on?

I l for my husband. When he died two years ago didn'twant to stop cooking so I

Client: Mmmm, don't know Where s t? 1 . i i I tarted to cook for myself and try new and different things. Then,
s
1 decided

Technical support: You must have an on off switch somewhere on your / to starta blog aboutfood with ali my recipes.
1

lnterviewer:
see .. So you cook and you publish your recipes for your
t
keyboard. l usually has an an enna t with signal waves. Try pressing t. i
.

Client: don't hink it has it.

1 t followers.
1
Technical support: Then try pressing the Fn key plus one of the function Lo raine: Yes, publish my recipes and they read them, commen and ask me t
l
keys (F , F2, F3 ... ). l should t work, but let me know if it doesn't. ques ions about tthem.
Clien : t 1 will, thankyou. l nterviewer: There are hundreds of websites and blogs abou food. What t
Conversa ion 2 t makes your blog differen tand special?
Lo raine: My recipes are real, for real people. They are always home-made

Technical support: Technical support, Amanda speaking, how can help I an d very healthy. People are tired of reading ideal and perfect recipes and

you?
tt
find ou hey are difficult to prepare.
'm having problems with my networkconnection.
Client: Good morning. l ln terviewer: Sorne f
o you may be thinking tha blogging is an easy task but it t
Technical support: What seems to be the problem, sir? mustn't be fora 58 year-old woman. How did you crea e he blog? t t
f t
Client: Every ew minu es my in erne drops ou and i s really annoying. t t t t' Lo raine: When my husband died, enrolled in an IT course for elderly people
1

Technical support: Have you tried turning the router off and on again? a t the University There earnt how to use social networks, create blogs and
. I l

t
Clien : Yes, o cou se. l f r 've also scanned the PCforviruses but t's clean. i t t
edi pho ographs. The course and the help of my daughter made the
Technical support: When does this usually happen? creation of my blog possible. t was difficult at first. l

lnterviewer: What was the most difficult part of creatingthe blog?

t
Client: l often happens while 'm away from the computer and
l
the
screen save comes on. r Lo raine: The design. Choosing colou s, shapes, icons, r photographs . .. That

Technical support: 1 see ... 1 think the problem may be n your router i . l ts
i was difficultfor me.
by defaul tsetto a channel. Tryswitchingto a different channel. l nterviewer: Apart from recipes, are there other things readers can find?

t
Clien : Aha. And how can I do ha ? t t Lo raine: Yes, there are inks to externa! cooking webs. also upload tutorials
l 1

Technical support: Which model do you have, sir? and there is a forum where myfollowerscan share deas. i

t 'm usingthe Linksys WRT54G.

Clien : l l nterviewer: How often do you update the blog?
Technical support: OK. First you need to access your router's settings and Lo raine: Once a week. l usuallydo i ton Sundays.
then type the P address of your router into a browser which is probably
I , ln terviewer: Why did this blog change your ife? l

http://192.168.l.1 ifyou are u singa Linksys router . toralne: Because I was feeling lonely after my husband's t
dea h so I

Client: 192.168.1.1. l'm sorry but don't understand what I I have to do. discovered a way to combine my passion and t
compu ers. A lo o people t f
Technical support: Let's see ... Open your internet browser and type that follow me and that makes me happy.
a dd ress nto the search bar Then try "adrnin" as both the username and
i . ln terviewer: Which recommendations would you givetofuture bloggers?
password. Go to the wireless settings and s art experimen ing wi h the t t t Lo raine: First, you have to have a good idea. Second, to think of a catchv
t
differen channels. name t t
for he blog and finally o devote time everyweekto keep it updated.

'
Client: l m sorry bu I don t 't know howto dothat. l nterviewer: Thank you very much Loraine. 'm sure after istening to vou l l

Technical support:Then itwould be better o senda technician. t sorne peo ple will consider startingtheir own blog.

Client: Yes, please. Lo raine: Thank you, Sasha. t was a pleasure to l be he e r with
you today .

Rem ember to visit www.eatingwithyou.com and you 'II learn a lo t about

cooking.
1 04
 Unit S. A talk Unit 6. Web programmers
G ood morning, everyone. Thank you far coming to my presen a ion. tt r t
Derek: Good Morning, Me edi h ! How was your weekend?

My name is Dana Moar and l'm the co-faunder of Little Cu e Things. t Meredith: Hi Derek! lt was pretty good ! How about you s? r
Today l'rn going to talk to you about my company. F irst, '
1 11 give you Derek: Not bad .. Anyway, we have a
.
ot of work to do.
l 1 talked to Mr T ylor ona

riday and he explained to mewhattype ofwebsite he needs.

and
sorne basic infarmation about Little Cute Things how t was i F

faunded. Then ' talk about our online store and the strengths of
1 11 Meredith: Finally! And what does he want?

the company And finally ' tell you our future plan. Of course ' be
. 1 11 1 11 t
Derek: He wan s a website to make reserva tions n his new restaurant.
i You know

pleased to answer any questions at the end of my talk. that he has set up another new business, don'tyou?
Let's start with sorne basic facts about Little Cute things.
My co- et's start
Meredith: Yes! This man is a great entrepreneur! AII right then .. So .
l

working. What programming anguages should we usefar his website?

l t
faunder Andrés Martínez and I started talking n i
l t
a e 2011 about Derek: think HTMLandJavaScriptwould be perfec . Doyou agreewith tha ?
1 t t
h ow we could start upa business. The recession was hitting hard in Meredith: HTML and JavaScript will be perfect. think that we could use PHP as 1

in and we were unemployed. We were about to emigrate to my

Sp a well. That way the website would be more dynamic.
,

hometown to seek a job when we had an dea. We thought: "Why i tt

Derek: Righ . l is going to be a huge restaurant in the city centre so the more
don 't we try something new? Something that combines our two dynamic the web is the better far him and his employees. We als o n e ed a

passions?" 1 had worked as a journalistfar wo years, but t I was really t t

da a base to store da a. Wha abou MySQL? t t
t
good a hand-crafting and he had just finished his degree in G aphic r Meredith: MySQL is a good option.
Design. We were in Valencia in February 2012 when we decided we Derek: How many peo ple do we need to carry out the project? The two of us will
were serious about tand started working on t. We aunched the site
i i l be programming but what abou the design? t
fy
hal a ea la er. r t Meredith: Sarah the designer s on sick leave. We will have tofind a new designer
i

We are a small business and we work from home, we don't have a a t east farthis website.
l

Derek: '11 find someone.

1

physical shop. We sell customized hand-made p roducts: gifts far Meredith: lt is important that the designer has a good command of Photoshop
new-borns, badges, memory boxes, ca ds ... These kinds r f cute
o an d D reamweaver so make su re that the new designer s competent enough, i

things. 1 t r
make the produc s and And és is responsible far designing please.

and main aining t the website. As you can imagine, it was really tough Derek: Why do you say tha ? t 1
a lways work with competent peo ple!
at the beginning. We had to get a ot of permits, we didn't know
l Meredith: Well. . Do you remember the
. translator you hired far the software we
anything aboutthe world of business and no one knew about us. We designed far that Spanish school?
't sell anything during the first two months! However we are
d i dn , Derek: Well, yes .. That won't happen again, Meredith. Don'tworry!
.

proud to say that the store has been profitable during the ast two Meredith: And we will also need a systems administrator Can .
you check
l

years. t
Michael's availabilityfar he fallowing weeks?
Le t me now show you a few figures. As you can see n the graph, two i r
Derek: Michael finished a p ojec las week so he t t will be free to help us with this

new r
one. Besides, he worked on a simila websi e far the restau an o a five-sta t r t f r
years ago we hadan annual turnover o about 15,000€ but last year f t
ho el so his experience will benefit us.

t reached 30,000€. We have doubled sales. What

i s the key of our i
t t
Meredith: Howlongwill it ake ofinish the web?
success? Well, think we are ambitious and puta ot of effort. We are
1 l t
Derek: Le me see ... Mmm ... Two weeks approxima ely. t
always tryingto fi nd a new wayto attract new customers:
we display Meredith: Two weeks far the final version? We could prepare a prototype
our products n street markets, we keep a blog and we are on every
i t
version far nex week and ask M Taylor to come in and see i r t with us.
social network. You can fallow us on acebook, Twitter lnstagram F ,
t t fthat s what he wants or not and
Derek: Yes, tha would be grea so he can tell us i i

and Pinterest. we can modify t accordingto his specifications. will et him know aboutthat.
i l l

Finally ' tell you about our new project. We are going to sell our
, 1 11 Meredith: OK. Thank you, Derek. Make the necessary phone cal s and let'sget on I

withit!

products through sorne shops loca ed in Valencia. As you can see he t t

company isgrowing and we are very proud about it.
Well, thank you very much far listening to me. 1
hope you have

t
enjoyed my alk. Are there anyques ions? t

1 05
Unit 7. Cybercrimes Unit 8. Google Glasses

Speakerl Speakerl

l ist true that I r

sea ched info ma r tion online for my final paper but I didn' t Well, 1 was not expecting anything new ... Fer me they were just glasses with a
t
know tha was a crime in tha t E nglish University. 1 had been asked to write a tiny computer ncorporated so didn't have high expectations about them,
i I

t t
paper abou 19 h cen u y American wri ers and tr t t t I did no have a lot of ime However when first tried them wondered how they had been able to
, I I

to write 3,000words aboutthat. decided to ook for nformation n the Net l l i i t

crea e such a tiny computer with so many features nserted: Bluetooth, Wi- i

and found a paper written by a student n Australia about dgar Allan Poe
I i E F i, GPS, speakers, microphone, camera, touchpad anda tiny screen the size
and Melville. thought t was very
1 interesting and weli-structured and
i I
t
of myfinger Was it possible o carry so many hings in less han SOgrams?
.
t t
took sorne ideas from it. However could not imagine that my teacher , 1 Speaker2

would find out that had taken these words from that paper n Australia!
I i 1

failed the subject and had to retake that module six months ater Of I l .
What liked most was the voice input. felt as if was living in the far future.
I 1 I

course, haven't copied a word which s not mine never again!

1 i When you give a command, the glasses connect you directly to the search
Speaker2 engine. 1 remember I was in New York a t that time and said "OK, Glass, how
I

l ong s the Brooklyn Bridge?" and was given the nformation immediately
i I i .

I sh o u ldn't have s a t rted participating in that chat room but .. what did . I Also, if you want to take a photo or record a video, you just have to say .. .

know? l loved omics, pecialiy the Manga enes

c s and in this cha t there were t
"Take a photo" and you have he photo aken in less than a second. This nput t i

hund eds o r f teenagers l ike me who oved this l

type of comics. started 1 voice option is very good for extreme athletes i f they want to record
cha ingtt with spyagent98 (that was his nickname) as soon as registe red in I r tt
unfo ge able experiences without carrying a camera ali the time or even far
the chat room. t
l seem ed that we shared a ot of things: interests, hobbies, l ordinary people recording real-life tutorials.
age ... H owever ,
two months ater was busy preparing myfinal exams and
l ,1 I
Speaker3

couldn't log in as often as usual. Spyagent started to send me weird

messages. He wrote things like "You left me." "You are nota true manga liy hike on Saturday mornings with my brother-in-law. So
1

Il ove hiking. u s ua

l over Where are you?"

. 1 s tarted to get nervous and I did no reply to any o t f when was told that
I I could try the Google Glasses for a week, 1 decided to

these messages. That s when he started to publish sorne photographs of

i t
wear hem on ene of our hikes. t ended up being a very useful gadget for us. l

me in the common chat room. The problem got worse when he started t helped us navigate and we even tried new routes without
l
the fear of
in s u lting me.! got realiy scared and didn't knowwhatto do .. I .
getting los . t We also it
had immed a e access to the weather condi ions, t
Speaker3 threats or nformation about the places we visited. You may be thinkingthat
i

they might have been uncomfortable to wear when walking but nooo! They
Las t month my mother
told me that she had received an email from her were quite light and felt as if was wearing other glasses or sunglasses. The
I I

bank asking for sorne confidential nformation. i 1 sa id, "What confidential voice recognition was also a positive hing. t
in formation?" She said that she'd been asked for her credit card number Speaker4

and bank accoun t. "And did you replyto the email?" 1 sh outed. My mother
said, "Of course did, t was an email I i
from my bank. There was the lego on I find Google Glasses perfect fortraveliing. used them when went to
1 I

the top of the page and it was a message sent by the director 've known . l Ba rcelona for a weekend and they helped me a ot! They converted the
l

h im for ages ! " r

cu rency ra e, t t
provided me wi h informa ion abou t t the attractions of the
Speaker4 place, translated sorne expressions didn't understand, showed my boarding I

pass two hours before my flight, reminded me of my appointments for that

I write for a iving and am realiy worried about
l I this crime. People who weekend, my reservations in the hotel and importan! birthdays those days. t l

obtain iliicit books on the nternet

try to justify I their actions in many was like carrying an agenda ali the ime with you. tend to be absent-minded t l

differen ways. t The main excuse is price. l books were cheaper, we would f tracted easily so they were perfectfor me. But other peo ple rnav
and I ge dis t
buy them ali. Meanwhile we download them iliegaliy for free. But is that feel under pressure and control and they may have a completely different
true? Who believes that f theywere cheaper they would buy the real i
enes?
opinion abou tthem.
How cheap would a book have to be? You can find books now for Sor 6€!
Don' fali t for these excuses .. Peo ple who do this are stealing something of
.

value withou paying for i t t and this becomes a real problem for us. Our
principal source of income comes from the sale of a book. We are talking
he re about inteliectual property and readers will never payfor t. i

1 06
Unit 9. Companies Unit 10. A job interview
TV presenter: Good morning everyone, we are today n the "SO'" ln ternational Trade terviewer: Good morning, Miss Hawthorne. Have a seat, please.
i
ln

Fa ir" which
, s held this year in Valencia, and we are going to
i in terview Vincent
Candida te: Good morning, sir Thankyou.
rixton, one of the 35 employees of SAG RI in, a French multinational company.
.

B I Spa

Good morning, Vincent. 1 : We are nterested in your application farthe position of webmaster n
i i

our company.
Vincent: Good morning. lt's a pleasure far me to be interviewed far a program which

helps peo ple find jobs n such a difficult moment farthe employment.
i C:Thank ou. l am ve y ry excited aboutthis position.
Presen ter: First of ali, tell us about your company What service does t provide? i
: irst of ali, tell me aboutyourself
.

F .

Vincent: Well, our company mixes agriculture and computer science. We develop
1

computer programs to be used in

agricultura! sectors: farms, wine cellars, C: My name is Susan and I am from London. have studied Computer 1

Science and I also have a Master's Degree in lnfarmation Technology.

t t
cul iva ions, t
coopera ive businesses or greenhouses. Farmers have always worked
I have worked in KEA as a web master far three years and have also

track of their animals, feedingthem, measuring agricultura! a reas

I I

manually: keeping been an Tteacher far one year.

I

a nd fields, and dealing with inventories and accountancy, etc. Now, we offer them
1 : Tell me aboutyour job as a webmaster .

the possibility to do ali those things with a computer With our programs, they have . C:
worked as a webmaster n
1
KEA and i
I I was the responsible far the
a li the nfarmation computerized.
i

t
upda ing of the tributed to online
1

design and page. also con

Presen ter: That's very interesting!
marketing tasks since well inted with e-commerce
I
am acqua

Vincent: t s. Technology has re placed humans n daily situations: shopping, reading,

l i i s trategies.
: see. Why did you leave the job?
t
cinema, educa ion, en ertainment... Why no agricul ure? t t t 1 1

Presen ter: What types of programs do you develop? C: was replacing the official webmaster temporarily beca use he was
1

Vincent: Our company develops programs to control the benefits and expenses of a
on sick leave. When he returned stayed on far one more year but
farm or an area; programs which trol the animals {their birth, death, abours,
I I

con l
wanted to develop my own career in a different company.
diseases ... ); ting programs and management programs. Our prograrns are
accoun 1 : You have also worked n education. Whatexactly did you do?
i

based on t
what he local and national government requires in the agricultura! sector
worked as a part-time IT teacher in a school teaching Computer
.
C:
ter: And are all the programs used in computers?
Presen
1

Vincent: No, they are not. Our programs come n different farmats. Clients can use
Science a t different evels. also have experience in preparing
l 1

training courses farthe staff.

i

them in their PC or even in their smartphones. We also sell consoles which are placed
: What do you consider your greatest strength?
1

on tractors and are controlled by satellites. We work with a wide range of gadgets.
Presenter: You must have a ot of clients, then. l
C:
1 a m ve ry reliable and self-motivated.
Vincent: Fortunately, yes, we do. Our products are becoming more and more 1 : May askyou whatyourgreatestweakness s?
I i

famous.
C: tend to work overtime and work t
some imes becomes more
t tthe organization ofyourcompany
1

Presenter: Vincen , tell us abou .

Vincent: SAGRI is a French company

I . There are 800 employees who work in Paris. i mportant than my personal ife. l am also a little bit impatient. l

They create the programs. 1 work he e r i n Valencia, one of their subsidiary

1 : Why are you nterested n workingfarus? i i

companies. We are more than 30 workers. Our role is to translate these programs C:
Well, it is a great privilege far anyone to work with a well-known
nto Spanish and sell them in Spain, offering technical support and training. We also
ike yours.
i

and success ul company f Moreover, think my skills and

tfarms and companiesto explain how our gadgets work.
l 1

visi willin gness can contribute to he growth of the company. t

Presen ter: Do you ali dothe sametasks? 1 : Whatare yoursalary requirements?
Vincent: No, there are different departments: Accounting, Human Resources, the
C: Well, salary is nota first priority far me. This is a great opportunity
Marketing department, the Management t t t departmen , the Produc departmen ,

Technical Support, and of course our rench boss, who s n contactwith France.
to continue my career and improve my knowledge. expect a salary 1

accordingto my responsibilities and yourcompany's norms.

F i i

Presenter: You said that you have offices n many countries ... i
1: What are your careergoals?
Vincent: Yes! We are n rance, Spain, Canada, Germany taly Morocco, Romanía,
i F , l ,
C: In short term, my goal s to work in a reputed company like yours.
The Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Portugal.
i

Presenter: What are the requirements to applyfor a job n your company? i My long-term goal is to grow in tha t company and have a good
position in i . t
Vincent: They always look far applicants with a degree in Agricultura! Engineering or
1 : Doyou have any questions to ask me?
Compu ter Science. Knowledge of English and French s also a requirement because i

C:
we communicate dailywith people from outside Spain. No , l just wantto thankyou far r
conside ing my applica ion. t
Presenter: t seems that your company s having a ot of success!
l i l
1 : Right. We will call you soon and we will le tyou know aboutourfinal
Vincent: Yes, we work hard every day o achieve our goals. t decision.
P resenter: Thank you very much, Vincent Brixton. This is the end o f today's
r
p ogram. Adele Kelle , Bri onTV, Channel S. r t
1 07
Grammar reference

Present tense
r
P esen simp t le - verb to be

Affirmative Nega t iv e Questions

• am happy today.
1 •l 'm not happy today . • Am happy today?
I

• Yo u /We/They are sad today . • Yo u /We/They aren't ad today s . • Are you /we/they sad today?

/ /t
• She He l is exci ed t today . • She He l isn/ / t 't excited today . / /t t
• Is she he i exci ed today?

P resent simple

Affirmative Nega tive Questions

• 1 /You/We/They work n the i • 1 / /

/You We They don't work • Do /you/we/they work in
1

sa me company. i n the same company. the same company?

/ /t
• She He l runs 4 km every day. / /t
• She He l doesn 't run 4 km / /t
• Does she he i run 4 km
every day. every day?

We use the present simple to talk about facts To make the third person singular:
and routines. - most verbs add -s
ive-lives
• She lives in Sea tle. t l

- verbs ending in -s, -sh, -ch or -x add -es

t
• Wha does he study?
pass-passes, finish-finishes, watch-watches, fix-fixes
• He works in Brazil.
- verbs ending in consonant +y, drop the -y and add -ies
• She doesn't work at weekends.
s tudy-studies
- excep tions
do-does, go-goes, have-has
Presen con t tinuous

Affirmative N e ga tive Questions

• 1 am s tudying English now. 'm not studying

•l E nglish now. • Am I studying English now?

• Yo u /We/They are reading a • You We They aren/ / 't reading a • A r e yo u /we/they reading a

book a t the moment. t the moment.

book a book a t the moment?
• Sh / /
e He lt is smiling. • She/He/lt isn't smiling. / /t
• Is she he i smiling?

108
We use the present continuous to talk about what you're doing at the moment or o describe a temporary t
situation.
t
• Wha are you doing? l'm wa ching a film. t
t
• Wha are you teaching this year? l'm teaching French.

We use the present continuous to talk about future arrangements.

• 'm flying to New York tomorrow morning.
l

There are sorne verbs which are not usually used in the continuous: seem, be, have, know, understand,
believe, like, love, bate, want, see, toste, eel. f
To make the gerund of a verb (-ing):
- With most verbs, add -ing to the verb: work-working, try-trying, eat-eating

-l f the verb has one syllable and ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant combination, do u ble the ast l

consonan and add -ing t to the verb: run-running, put-putting, swim-swimming

- l f the verb ends n an -e, drop the -e and add -ing to the verb: make-making, write-writing, have-having
i

P resent perfect

Affirmative Nega tive Questions

• You 1 / /We/They have been to • 1/You /We/They haven't been to • Have you 1 / /we/they been
Paris. Pa ris. to Paris?
• He She / /lt has participated n i / /t
• He She l hasn 't participated / /t t
• Has he she i par icipa ed t
the contest. i n the contest. i n the contest?

We use the present perfect to refer to

-Actions that started n the past and continue in the present.
i

• She has known her best friend for twenty years.

-Experiences in somebody's li e. f
• 1 have travelled by plane twice in my ife.l

t tions with a result n the present.

-Pas ac i

• My mum has baked two cakes today.

We use for to refer to a gene al pe r riod of time and since to a specific pciint in time.
• l've lived in Portugal for three years.
• l've lived in Portugal since 2011.

We use a/ready in affirmative sentences and yet in negative and interrogative sentences.
• They have already won three championships whereas the other team has not won any championship yet.
• Have you finished the report yet?

We use have been to talk about completed visits and have gane to say that the person hasn't returned yet.
• l've been to Madrid twice.
• My mother has gone to the market but she'II be back in a minute.

1 09
 Past tense
Past simple - verb to be

Affirmative Negative Questions

'

• Yo u /We/They were tired. • Yo u /We/They weren't tired. • / /

Were you we they ti red?

• 1/He She l / / t was ti red. / / t wasn't ti red.

• 1/He She l • Was he she i
1 / / / t tired?

Past simple

Affirmative Negative Questions

Regula r verbs
• 1 /You/He/ he/lt/We/They
S 1/ / / / t/We/They didn't
• You He She l / / / // /
• Did you he she i
1 t we they
l istened to the radio last night. listen to the radio ast night.
l l isten to the radio ast night?
l

I rregular verbs
/ / / / t/We/They
• You He She l
1 / / / t/We/They
• 1/You He She l 1 / / / / t/ /
• Did you he she i we they
sang the anthem. didn 't sing the anthem. sing the anthem?

We use the past simple to talk about events that happened in the past.
• won the lottery in 2011.
1

• My parents bought our house when was a baby. I

• You didn't water the plants as you had promised.

• Did you lose the wallet?

Ago is often used in past simple sentences.

• passed the official exam two years ago.
1

• The teacher organised the trip to London four months ago.

Spelling rules for regular past simple verbs:

t
- Wi h most verbs, add -ed to the verb: work-worked, finish-finished, clean-cleaned

f t t
- l the verb has one syllable and ends wi h a consonan -vowel-consonan combina ion, double the last t t
t
consonan and add -ed to the verb: stop-stopped

- f the verb ends n an -e, drop the -e and add -ed to the verb: change-changed
l i

- f the verb ends n consonant + -y drop the -y and add -ied to the verb: try-tried
l i ,

0
11
Pa s co n t tinuous

Affirmative Nega tive Questions

• 1/He She l / / t was jumping. / / t wasn't jumping.

• 1/He She l / / / t jumping?
• Was he she i
1

• You We They/ / were playing / /

• You We They weren't playing • Were you /we/they playing
baseball. baseball. baseball?

We use the past continuous to talk about:

-Ac tions in progress at a certain time in the past.

• 1 was having breakfast at 8 o'clock this morning.

-Actions in progress when another completed action happened.

• 1 was having breakfast when my mother carne in.

Pas pe t rfect

Affirmative Nega tive Questions

/ / / / t/We/They
• You He She l
1 / / / t/We/They
• 1/You He She l • Had / / / / /
you he she it/we they
't lived there befare.
1

had lived there befare. hadn lived there befare?

We use the past perfect when we are talking about the past and want to talk about an earlier past time.
• He was sad beca use he had failed the exam.
t
• When he got to the sta ion, the train had already left.

111
 Modal verbs
Have to - Don't have to

Affirmative Nega tive Questions

/ /We/They have to how

• Yo u
1 s 1 / /We/They don't have to
• You • Do /you/we/they have to
1

the D first.
I sh ow the D first.
I show the D first?
I

/ /t
• He She l has to show the DI / /t
• He She l doesn 't have to / /t
• Does he she i have to
first. sh ow the D first.
I show the D first?
I

We use have to:

t
To say tha something is necessary.
• 1 have to wear a helmet to work.

To talk abou rules and laws. t

• You have to be 18 to drink alcohol.
'
We use don t have to if there is no need to do something:
't have to pay for the newspaper lt's free.
• You don .

Must - Mustn't
Affirmative Nega tive
Questions

1 / / / / t/We/They
• You He She l / / / / t/We/They
• You He She l
1

/ / // /
• Must 1/you he she it we they
must study hard. mustn 't cheat n an exam.
i study hard?

We use have to:

To say that "you are obliged to". The obligation comes from the speaker.
• You must remember your father's birthday this year .

To express deduction.
• She must be her sister. She looks similar to her!

We use mustn t: '

To say that something is not allowed.
• You mustn 't enter the room while they are doing an exam.

11 2
 Should - shouldn't / Ought to - oughtn't to
Affirmative Negative Questions

• You He
1 / / /She/lt/We/They / / / / t/We/They
• You He She l
1 • Should /you/he/she/it/
1

t
should ins all an an tivirus. shouldn 't uninstall the antivirus. /
we they install an antivirus?

/ / / / t/We/They
• You He She l
1 1 / / / / t/We/They
• You He She l • Ought /you/he/she/it/
1

t
ought to visi Oxford beca use t
oughtn't to visi Oxford /
we they visit Oxford?
i t s a nice city
i . t
because i is a tou is r ty city.

We use shou/d or shouldn't and ought to or oughtn't to to give advice:

• You should go to the doctor if you have pain in your arm.
• You shouldn't smoke. lt's bad far your health.
• Karen ought to eat more vegeta bles.
• Chris oughtn't to eat meat every day.

May - may not / Might - might not

Affirmative Negative Questions

• 1/You He She l / / / t/We/They / / he/lt/We/They may

• 1/You He S
/ / / // /
• May you he she it we they
1

may go to the beach tomorrow. not go to the beach tomorrow. go to the beach tomorrow?

• 1 /You/He/She/lt/We/They • /You/He/She/lt/We/They
1
• Might / / / / t/
you he she i
1

might win the race. might not win the race. /

we they win the race?

We use mayor may not to suggest that something is possible or not.

• t may rain ater today.
l l

• lt may not snow in winter .

We use might or might not to suggest a small possibility of something.

• might visit you if finish on time.
1 I

• They might not travel together anymore.

11 3
Fu ture tense
Will - won't

Affirmative Nega tive Questions

/ / / t/We/They
• 1/You He She l / / / / t/We/They
• You He She l
1 • Will 1 /you/he/she/it/we/they
will travel to China. won't travel to China. travel to China?

'
We use will or won t to make predictions.
• Our new textbook will be a success.

We use will to make promises.

• will help you with that.
1

We use will when you make a decision at the moment of speaking.

• Are you hungry? '11 make you a sandwich.
1

Be g oi n g to

Affirmative Nega tive Questions

• am going
1 to design the 'm not going to design the
•l • Am I going to design the
company s ' website. '
company s websi e. t company s ' website?

/ /
• You We They are going to / /
• You We They aren 't going to • Are you /we/they going to
buy a new ca r . buy a new ca r . b uy a n ew c a ? r

/ /t
• He She l is going to work • He /She/lt isn't going to buy / /t
• Is he she i going t o b uy a
abroad. a new ca r . new car?

We use be going to:

t
To talk abou plans and in en t tions.
• They are going to open a new office n Ven ce.
i i

When there is evidence that something is going to happen.

• Look at those clouds! lt is going to rain!

11 4
 Presen con t tinuous

Affirmative Nega tive Questions

• 1 t rting a new project

am s a •1 am not starting a new project• Am I starting a new project
nex t week. nex t week. nex t week?
•
• You /We/They are meeting the • Yo u/We/They aren't meeting / /
Are you we they meeting
t
doc or a 10. t the doctor at 10. the doctor at 10?
•
• Sh / /
e He lt is taking an exam
/ /t
• She He l is taking an exam Is sh / /
e he it taking an exam
tomorrow. tomorrow. tomorrow?
We use the present continuous to talk about fixed plans and arrangements in the future. There is often
a definite time or place.

• l 'm meeting E liza for dinner tomorrow.

• My best friend is getting married next year .

r
P esen simple t

Affirmative Nega tive Questions

• The English class s ar s a t t t • The English class doesn 't start • Does the English class start at
9 o'clock. a 9 t o'clock. 9 o'clock?

• The trains leave in the • The trains don't leave n the

i • Do the trains leave in the
a fternoon. a fternoon. a fternoon?

We use the present simple to talk about schedules.

• Wha t time does the conference start?
f
• The con erence starts a 11:00. t

11 5
Questions
Question
A uxt.1• ary
1
Su
b' verb
word ject
Presen t do you we/ /t h e y sleep?
tense What
does / /t
h e sh e i

am
1

Who
are / /
you we they sleeping?
i s / /t
he she i

have you/we/they
slept?
Past Where has / /t
he she i

d id 1/ / / /it/
you he she
drink water?
/ /
we you they
tense
When was 1/he/she/it drinking water?
were / /
you we they

had
/ / / t/
1/you he she i
drunk wa t er?
we/you/they
Fu ture
will /he/she/it/
1/you
do?
we/you/they
tense Whose
Why am
1

a re / /
you we they going to do?
i s / /t
he she i
1

am
Modal How you/we/they doing?
a re
i s he/she/ t i

can could/
would
verbs should
/ / / t/
1/you he she i
close the door?
must
/ /
we you they

may/might

11 6
 Question Verb to be Subject
word am

Verb What

to b e
Who are / /
you we they thirsty?
Where i s he/she/it
When r
he e?
w as rvous?
Whose
Wh y
/ /
you we they
so ne

Ho w were 1/he/she/it

• When is dinner?
• Are you a student of this school?
• Whose is this book?
• What was the problem?
• Where were you last night?
• Was she ready far the competi ion? t

The basic rule for asking questions in English is to follow the same word order: question word
f
(i necessary) + auxiliary + verb:

• When did you visit Rome?

I visited Rome three years ago.

• Why were you dancing in your room?

Beca use was rehearsing far tomorrow's performance.
I

l f who or what s the subject of the question, we don't use the auxiliary.
i

• Who makes coffee a t the office?

Martha makes coffee far all the employees every day.

• What happened last nigh ? t

There was a fire last nigh . t

11 7
Cond itionals
Zero cond itional

l f + present simple, present simple

•l f you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

We use the zero conditional to talk about scientific facts and things that are always true.

F irst conditional

l f + present simple, future with wi//

• l f save money
I ,1 will travel to the USA.

We use the first conditional to talk about possible or likely events in the future.

We can use unless to mean if. .. not.

•won't talk to you unless you apologise.
1

We can also use other present tenses after it.

• lf you have never been to London, will recommend you places to visit.
1

• lf you are studying now will phone you later

,1 .

We can also use modal verbs or the imperative instead of wi/1.

•lf you come to pick me up at the airport, bring an umbrella.

•lf it's sunny on Saturday, we should go to the beach.

1 18
Second cond itional

l f + past simple, would

• l f my parents gave me money ,1 woud buy a motorbike.

• l f Mariah studied more, she woud get a higher mark.

We use the second conditional to talk about things which are impossible or unlikely to happen in the
present/future and their consequences.

We can use were instead of was. This is very common when we give advice.
• lf I were you, 1 would go to the doctor .

lnstead of would we can use might or could, depending on the meaning.

• lf I worked harder could get better results.
,1

Third condi tional

l f + past perfect, would hove+ past participle
• l f had seen Mary
I , 1 would have told her .

We use the third conditional to talk about a condition in the past that did not happen.
• lf had seen Mary, would have told her (1 didn't see Mary.)
I 1 .

• lf had won the lottery, would have travelled around the world. ( didn't win the lottery.)
I 1 1

Some times we use should have, might have or could have instead of should have.
• l f you had bought a ottery ticket, you might have won.
l

• l f you had gone to the doctor you should have told him about your problem.
,

• l f you had visited aris, you could have gone to the iffel Tower
P E .

11 9
The passive
We use the passive when we focus on the action itself rather than who or what does the action.
• Microprocessors are made of silicon.

To form the passive we use the correct tense o f the verb be + the past participle of the main verb.
• The new version of the program will be launched next week.

We can use by to mention who performs the action.

• Radio waves were discovered by Heinrich Hertz.

Active Passive

t
• You can access the n erne
I t from this device. t t
• The n erne can be accessed
I from this device.

1 20
The passive with two objects

t
The passive can also be used in sentences tha have two objects -a direct object and an indirect object.
I n this case the corresponding passive sentences can be written in two different ways.

Active Passive

t a f
• The customer has sen us n email o complain . t f
• An email o complain has been sent t to us.
t f
• We have been sen an email o complain . t
f
• Claire gave me a nice gi t. • A nice gi ft was given to me.
• ! was given a nice gift.

Common verbs that are followed by two objects include give, send, show, lend, pay, promise, tell and o fer. /

I mpersonal passive

We use the passive with reporting verbs such as say, think, believe, claim, consider, expect, know, prove,
suppose, to talk about what is generally thought or said.

We use the passive reporting verb + to + infinitive / perfect nfinitive.

i

Active Passive

t
• People think tha he has stolen the money. • He is though t to have stolen the money .

• Everybody says tha t the company s profitable.

i • The company is said to be profitable.

1 21
Repo rted speech
We use say and tell to report what other people said in the past.

We indicate who receives the information by using a person object (me, us, etc.) after tell.
• She told me she would help me.

We do not use a person object (me, t ft

us, e c.) a er say.

• She said she would help me.

The use o f that after say and tell is optional.

• She said (that) she would help me.

Because of the change in time there may be a change of tense or modal auxiliary. Different pronouns

and adverbs are also used to suit the context.

Direct speech Reported speech

r "
• "I drove the costumers to the ai port, Nick said. t
• Nick said tha he had driven the customers
to the aiport.
• "I didn 't get the promotion yesterday " Nick said.
, • Tim said that he hadn't got the promotion
the day befare.
Presen pe t rfect simple t f t
Pas per ec simple

• "I have travelled to Tokyo far work," Amy said. t

• Amy said tha she had travelled to Tokyo
far work.

• "We will give you an answer tomorrow " she said.

, • She said that they would give mean answer
the fallowing week.
t
O herchanges
This -+ That Today -+ That day me
-+ he/she we -+ they
These -+ Those Vesterday -+ The day befare -+ him/her us -+ them
Here -+ There t ight -+ The night befare
La s n my -+ his/her our -+ their
Now -+ Then Tomorrow -+ The fallowing day mine-+ his/her ours -+ theirs
Ago -+ Befare Next week-+ The fallowing week

1 22
Repo rted commands

We use ask or tell+ an object + (not) to+ infinitive to reporta command.

• "Don't use automatic translators," my teacher said. My
teacher told me not to use automatic translators.

• "Please translate this program nto English," my boss said. My

i

boss asked me to translate that program into English.

We can use other verbs such as arder, remind, warn instead of ask or tell, depending on the meaning.
t
• "Don't touch the electric wires. l 's dangerous!" he said. He
warned me not to touch the electric wires.

• "Put down you gun!" the policeman said.

The policeman ordered me to put down my gun.

Repo rted questions

We use ask (with or without an object) to report a question.

• "Who is the boss?" he said.
• He asked (me) who the boss was.

f t
We use i or whe her to report a yes no question. /
• "Do you like your job?" he said.
/
• He asked (me) if whether l liked my job.

Note that the word order is l. Question word, 2. Subject, 3. Verb.

• "When do you want to start the meeting?" she said.
• She asked me when wanted to start the meeting.
I

We can use other verbs such as want to know or wonder instead of ask.
• "Will become the CEO of this company n the future?" he said.
I i

He wondered if he would become the CEO of that company in the future.

t
• "Where have you been all nigh ?" my paren s said. t
t t
My paren s wan ed to know where had been ali nigh .
I t

1 23
 �
I rregular verbs

.
""'" "'"' ' ' -
'"·· ·""".
'�"1111 l';ll!lllj
1

be been earn
wa s / were l l earnt/learned l ear-nt

beco me beca me beco me l eave left left

b e gi n began begun l et let le t

bite bi t bi entt lie l ay lain

break broke broken ligh t li t li t

bring brough t brough t l os e l ost ost
l

b ui l d buil t buil t make made made

burn burn t burn t mean meant mean t
b uy bough t bough t meet me t me t
can could could pay paid paid
t
ca ch caugh t caugh t p ut pu t pu t
c h oo s e ch ose chosen read read read
c om e carne come ride rode ridden
c os t cost cost rise rose risen
cu t cu t cu t run ran run
di g dug dug say sa id sa id
do did done see saw seen

dr a w drew drawn sell sold sold

dream rt/ r
d eam d eamed d eam d eamed r t/ r se nd sen t sen t
t h i nk thought thought se t se t se t
dr i ve drove r
d iven shi ne shone sh one
eat a te t
e a en show showed sh own
fall fell fallen sing sang sung

feed f ed fed si t sa t sa t
feel felt felt sleep slep t slep t
fight fought fought smell smel t/smelled sme lt
find found found speak spoke spo ken
fly flew flown spell t
spel spel t
forget forgot forgotten spe nd spent spen t
get go t got stand stood stood
get up g ot u p t
g o up steal stole stolen
gi ve gave given strike struck struck
. go went been / gone s wim swam s wum
g row grew grown take took taken
hang on hung on hung on tea ch taught taught
have had had tell told tol d
hear heard he a rd think thought thought
h i de hid hidden t hr ow threw thrown
hi t hi t hi t understand understood understood
h ol d held held wake up woke up woken up
h ur t hurt hu rt wear w o re worn
keep kep t kep t wi n won won
k n ow knew known write wrote written

Thejhighlightedlverbs are those you may use in the field of computers and telecon:imunica ions. t
J
1 24
Acronyms
ALU t
Ari hmetic Logic Uni t
A D SL t
Asymmetric Digi al Subscriber Une
Bcc Blind ca rbon copy
BIOS Basic lnpu t/Output System
Ce Ca rbon copy
CD Compac Disc t
CPU Cen tral Processing Unit
DNS Domain Name Sys tem
DVD t
Digi al Video Disc
FAQ requently Asked Questions
F

FTP File Transfer Protocol

GB Gigabyte (1,024 megabytes)

Gh z Giga hertz
GP S Global Positioning System
GUI Graphical User nterface I

HTML Hypertext Markup Language

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

I CT nformation and Communications Technology

l

I DE ntegrated Development Environment

l

I P Internet Protocol
I SP Internet Service Provider

IT lnformation Technology

LAN Local Area Network

MAN Metropolitan Area Network

MB Megabyte (1,024 kilobytes)
Mhz Mega hertz
os Operating System
PA N Personal Area Network

PC Personal Computer

PDA Personal Digital Assistant

RAM Random Access Memory

ROM Read Only Memory

TB Terabyte (1,024 gigabytes)

TCP IP / Transmission Control Protocol / nternet Protocol
I

UR L Uniform Resource Locator

U SB Universal Serial Bus

VolP Voice over nternet Protocol

I

WAN Wide Area Network

WAP Wireless Access Point / Wireless Application Protocol
Wi-fi Wireless Fidelity
WIMP Windows, icons, menus, pointer
www World Wide Web

1 25
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank everyone who has helped
one With Colorful Application cons, by KROMKRATHOG;
Ph l

in the creation ofthis book: p. 70 Mobile Phone, Music Symbols And Clapperboard With
José Vicente Gargallo (Computing Engineer), Xavier Amorós Reels O f Fil, by cooldesign; p. ucation, by
74 Global Ed

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( Engineer), Vicente Puchol ddpavumba; Osear - Golden Trophy, by Danilo Rizzuti; p. 75
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I

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permission to reproduce photographs: lmage Of New ly Launched Tablet Pe, by stockimages;

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by stockimages; Office Colleagues Reviewing Business File, Ambr; p. 95 Application For Employment Form, by

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p. 30 IT Support, by cooldesign; p. 31 Worried Businessman lconArchive p. 17 Linux
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1 26
I SBN: 978-84-15161-88-2 I SBN: 978-84-942595-8-6