EVAPORACIÓN PENMAN

Calcular la evaporación diaria y mensual en la ciudad de Sucre para el mes de

Diciembre, utilizando la metodología de Penman, sobre la base de la
información detallada a continuación

DATOS
Superficie de evaporación Zona urbana
Mes Diciembre
Número de días d = 31 días
Latitud geográfica l = 19 ºS
Número de horas de sol reales n = 6.51 horas
Humedad relativa del aire Hr = 62.04 %
Temperatura media mensual t = 16.2 ºC
Velocidad del viento v2 = 8.55 m/seg
Constante de Bolztman s = 8.26E-11 cal/cm²/min/°K4
DATOS
Superficie de evaporación Zona urbana
Mes Diciembre
Número de días d = 31 días
Latitud geográfica l = 19 ºS
Número de horas de sol reales n = 6.51 horas
Humedad relativa del aire Hr = 62.04 %
Temperatura media mensual t = 16.2 ºC
Velocidad del viento v2 = 8.55 m/seg
Constante de Bolztman s = 8.26E-11 cal/cm²/min/°K4

SOLUCIÓN
El cálculo de la evaporación implica los siguientes pasos:
- La determinación de la información complementaria
- El cálculo de la evaporación diaria
- La evaporación en el mes de Diciembre

a. La información complementaria

La radiación extraterrestre (R A)
Para:
Mes = Diciembre
l = ºS
RA = cal/cm2/día

El número de horas teóricas de sol (N)

Para:
Mes = Diciembre
l = ºS
N = horas

El calor latente de vaporización (C 1)

Para:
t = ºC
C1 =

La presión de vapor de saturación (e s)

Para:
t = ºC
es = mmHg

El albedo (r)
Para:
Superficie evaporante: Zona urbana

r =

El parámetro D/g
Para:
 t = ºC
D/g =

b. La evaporación diaria
Δ
 R n  E a
γ
E 
Δ
   1
γ

Contempla la determinación de dos parámetros:

- La radiación neta en equivalente de agua ( R n )
- El poder evaporante del agua ( E a )

i. La radiación neta en equivalente de agua ( R n )

Requiere el cálculo de los siguientes parámetros:
- La radiación incidente
- La radiación absorbida
- La presión de vapor real (e a)
- La radiación emitida
- La radiación neta en unidades caloríficas

- La radiación incidente
 n
R i   0.18  0.55 * R A
 N
n = horas
N = horas
RA = cal/cm2/día
Ri = cal/cm2/día

- La radiación absorbida
R a  (1  r)R i
r =
Ri = cal/cm2/día
Ra = cal/cm2/día

- La presión de vapor real

es H r
ea 
100
es = mmHg
Hr = %
ea = mmHg

- La radiación emitida
4

R e  1,440.0 σ Ta 0.56  0.092    n 
e a 0.1  0.9 *   
N
 4

R e  1,440.0 σ Ta 0.56  0.092    n 
e a 0.1  0.9 *   
  N 
Se requiere la temperatura absoluta
Ta  273.15  t 
t = ºC
Ta = ºK
s = cal/cm²/min/°K4
ea = mmHg
n = horas
N = horas
Re = cal/cm2/día

- La radiación neta en unidades caloríficas

RN  Ra  Re
Ra = cal/cm2/día
Re = cal/cm2/día
RN = cal/cm2/día

Finalmente, la radiación neta en equivalente de agua (mm), viene

dada por la ecuación:
RN
Rn 
C1
RN = cal/cm2/día
C1 =
Rn = mm

ii. El poder evaporante del agua

E a  0.35 0.50  0.54v 2 es  e a 
v2 = m/seg
es = mmHg
ea = mmHg
Ea = mm

Luego, la evaporación diaria, es:

Δ
 R n  E a
γ
E 
Δ
   1
γ
D/g =
Rn = mm
Ea = mm
 E = mm/día

c. La evaporación en el mes de Diciembre

Em  E * d
E = mm
d = días
Em = mm/mes
SENAMHI REG. 3 - SUCRE
Estación: Sucre (Aeropuerto)
Provincia: Oropeza
Departamento: Chuquisaca
DATOS DE: TEMPERATURA MEDIA (ºC)

AÑO ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN

1968 15.8 15.2 15.7 14.1 12.1 11.5
1969 16.3 16.2 17.6 16.5 15.3 13.0
1970 16.4 15.8 15.6 15.2 13.9 13.2
1971 16.0 14.0 16.5 15.6 13.4 11.6
1972 14.8 14.9 15.5 14.2 14.0 12.8
1973 16.3 16.2 16.4 15.8 14.1 12.1
1974 15.9 14.8 15.1 13.6 13.0 11.6
1975 15.1 15.4 15.3 15.4 14.3 12.7
1976 15.2 15.7 15.5 14.1 13.6 12.9
1977 17.5 16.9 16.3 15.3 13.6 12.9
1978 16.1 16.1 15.5 14.2 13.6 12.7
1979 15.6 15.7 15.3 14.8 14.3 12.7
1980 16.4 16.9 16.4 16.5 14.7 13.2
1981 17.0 15.8 15.9 14.8 15.1 12.3
1982 16.0 15.5 15.5 14.2 13.0 12.8
1983 17.5 16.7 17.3 17.0 15.1 13.5
1984 14.6 14.7 15.4 13.9 15.4 13.4
1985 15.2 15.4 16.5 15.0 14.7 12.4
1986 16.5 15.1 14.8 15.9 14.1 13.3
1987 15.7 15.0 15.2 14.9 13.9 12.7
1988 16.6 14.3 15.4 14.9 13.8 12.9
1989 15.4 14.7 15.4 14.1 12.7 12.9
1990 15.8 14.9 16.5 16.3 14.1 12.3
1991 16.5 16.0 15.8 15.8 15.4 13.0
1992 15.5 15.8 15.3 15.6 16.0 13.6
1993 15.8 14.5 15.1 15.8 14.9 14.0
1994 15.7 15.5 15.1 15.5 14.5 13.3
1995 16.2 15.5 15.5 14.9 13.1 13.2
1996 14.8 15.2 14.4 14.6 13.0 11.2
1997 14.9 14.6 13.3 13.3 11.5 11.6
1998 18.4 16.8 16.5 15.6 13.5 12.7
1999 14.7 15.3 14.6 13.8 13.1 11.6
2000 14.9 15.0 14.4 14.7 13.5 12.5
2001 14.5 14.4 14.1 14.5 13.6 11.2
2002 15.8 14.6 15.8 14.8 14.6 12.8
2003 15.8 15.7 14.7 14.5 13.4 13.4
2004 15.0 14.5 15.6 15.4 11.3 11.8
2005 15.4 14.4 15.5 14.7 14.2 12.7
2006 14.9 15.4 15.9 14.0 12.0 12.4
2007 16.2 15.7 15.1 14.7 12.9 14.0
2008 14.2 14.6 14.2 13.3 12.4 12.0
2009 14.3 14.4 14.2 13.6 13.5 11.7
2010 16.0 16.7 16.3 15.3 13.8 13.3
2011 16.6 14.2 14.4 14.8 13.3 13.0
2012 14.8
MEDIA 15.75 15.30 15.45 14.88 13.74 12.63
 DATOS DE: HUMEDAD RELATIVA MEDIA (%)

AÑO ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN

1975 70.0 71.0 69.0 60.0 51.0 47.0
1976 69.0 67.0 64.0 52.0 48.0 37.0
1977 60.0 65.0 71.0 61.0 54.0 43.0
1978 69.0 74.0 69.0 72.0 49.0 47.0
1979 70.0 71.0 76.0 66.0 51.0 48.0
1980 65.0 62.0 66.0 48.0 35.0 42.0
1981 66.0 73.0 70.0 55.0 36.0 30.0
1982 69.0 74.0 79.0 73.0 47.0 27.0
1983 61.0 65.0 60.0 56.0 41.0 29.0
1984 76.0 75.0 73.0 70.0 40.0 37.0
1985 65.0 69.0 58.0 62.0 40.0 39.0
1986 64.0 73.0 78.0 61.0 44.0 47.0
1987 76.0 67.0 62.0 65.0 50.0 43.0
1988 69.0 77.0 75.0 75.0 63.0 53.0
1989 74.0 74.0 67.0 75.0 57.0 50.0
1990 67.0 70.0 60.0 54.0 49.0 44.0
1991 69.0 70.0 68.0 60.0 42.0 40.0
1992 69.0 65.0 60.0 53.0 37.0 40.0
1993 66.0 65.0 64.0 56.0 39.0 29.0
1994 72.0 74.0 64.0 62.0 51.0 39.0
1995 65.0 67.0 67.0 57.0 53.0 40.0
1996 71.0 71.0 72.0 66.0 57.0 49.0
1997 68.0 72.0 75.0 65.0 54.0 44.0
1998 67.0 73.0 74.0 67.0 48.0 56.0
1999 73.0 73.0 81.0 74.0 61.0 54.0
2000 71.0 70.0 77.0 67.0 54.0 42.0
2001 72.0 75.0 79.0 70.0 44.0 44.0
2002 64.0 78.0 70.0 72.0 53.0 49.0
2003 69.0
MEDIA 68.48 70.71 69.57 63.36 48.14 42.46

DATOS DE: INSOLACION TOTAL (Hrs.)

AÑO ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN
1975 5.24 5.85 6.72 6.85 8.41 7.65
1976
1977 6.19 6.51 5.1 6.68
1978 6.57 6.11 7.09 6.34 9.34 8.34
1979 4.72 6.59 5.42 7.37 9.33 8.8
1980 6.11 6.88 6.58 9.09 9.92 9.16
1981 5.43 5.61 6.75 7.97 9.82 9.04
1982 5.95 5.51 5.53 6.9 9.52 8.83
1983 6.66 6.49 6.93 7.07 8.87 7.99
1984 3.07 3.49 5.2 6.25 9.38 8.6
1985 5.57 5.9 6.83 5.55 8.35 7.45
1986 7.19 4.51 5.21 8.09 8.76 8.97
1987 5.1 7.28 7.84 6.73 8.96 8.52
1988 6.31 5.25 5.16 6.41 7.75 8.61
1989 6.4 7.33 6.88 6.35 8.71 7.78
 1990 7.48 6.27 7.97 8.3 8.59 7.65
1991 5.85 5.89 6.35 7.56 9.3 8.36
1992 5.44 6.58 7.44 8.32 9.37 8.38
1993 6.14 6.44 6.29 7.87 9.01 9.12
1994 5.97 5.4 7.06 7.86 9.31 8.79
1995 6.29 6.32 6.77 8.53 8.96 9.36
1996 3.05 5.16 6.03 7.69 8.08 8.6
1997 5.75 6.13 5.37 7.44 9.4 9.34
1998 7.25 5.59 6.45 8.05 9.37 7.61
1999 5.81 6.68 4.95 6.06 8.78 9.11
2000 5.17 6.88 5.06 8.2 8.78 8.5
2001 5.75 5.4 4.18 6.93 4.38
2002 5.84 3.86 6.94 6.22 6.75 7.81
MEDIA 5.79 5.92 6.23 7.28 8.91 8.34

DATOS DE: DIRECCIÓN Y VELOCIDAD MEDIA DEL VIENTO

AÑO ENE FEB MAR ABR MAY JUN

1975 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
1976 3.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 5.0
1977 5.0 5.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 2.0
1978 5.0 5.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
1979 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0
1980 6.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 5.0
1981 8.0 10.0 7.0 7.0 5.0 6.0
1982 7.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 7.0 8.0
1983 12.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 12.0 10.0
1984 5.0 4.0 11.0 9.0 6.0 9.0
1985 7.0 8.0 6.0 10.0 8.0 8.0
1986 10.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 9.0 7.0
1987 6.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 10.0 7.0
1988 8.0 7.0 6.0 7.0 12.0 10.0
1989 14.0 12.0 14.0 13.0 12.0 11.0
1990 12.0 9.0 7.0 6.0 3.0 5.0
1991 6.0 8.0 6.0 7.0 6.0 7.0
1992 6.0 10.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 8.0
1993 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 6.0
1994 11.0 12.0 12.0 9.0 9.0 5.0
1995 11.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 8.0 9.0
1996 5.6 7.4 7.4 11.1 9.3 7.4
1997 9.3 7.4 9.3 9.3 11.1 11.1
1998 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 7.4 7.4
1999 11.1 11.1 7.4 11.1 9.3 7.4
2000 7.4 5.6 11.1 16.7 7.4 9.3
2001 7.0 7.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 5.0
2002 4.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 4.0
2003 4.0
MEDIA 7.44 7.63 7.55 8.16 7.30 6.88
 Latitud S: 19° 00' 35"
Longitud W: 65° 17' 38"
Altitud mt: 2904
ERATURA MEDIA (ºC)

JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC

11.3 12.7 14.2 17.6 16.2 17.6
12.8 13.9 16.2 17.2 18.1 15.5
12.1 13.7 14.6 16.6 17.1 16.1
11.8 13.0 15.4 14.6 14.8 16.2
13.7 14.6 14.9 16.8 16.9 16.2
12.9 12.5 15.2 16.0 16.5 15.8
13.0 12.5 14.5 13.7 16.2 15.3
11.6 13.9 14.6 15.5 15.7 15.8
13.4 13.7 14.3 16.7 16.9 17.8
14.7 14.0 15.3 16.4 16.9 16.5
12.9 12.8 14.7 16.8 16.8 15.6
12.2 15.1 15.6 16.7 17.0 16.6
13.6 13.6 14.3 16.3 17.4 17.2
11.7 12.8 13.7 15.8 17.2 16.7
13.3 14.5 15.2 16.7 17.2 16.4
13.0 14.5 15.0 16.0 15.6 16.4
12.8 12.3 14.7 16.6 15.5 15.7
11.9 13.5 13.9 15.9 14.9 15.7
11.0 14.1 13.8 14.6 16.1 15.6
13.6 14.5 14.9 15.2 16.3 16.4
12.0 14.5 13.9 15.7 15.5 16.2
11.8 14.1 14.1 15.8 16.1 16.2
10.9 13.6 14.1 16.2 16.7 17.0
13.3 13.4 14.5 15.9 16.4 17.8
12.0 12.3 13.9 16.1 15.8 16.4
11.7 12.7 16.0 16.2 16.7 16.5
13.0 13.7 15.1 15.6 16.0 16.8
13.3 15.2 14.8 16.0 16.1 15.4
10.9 13.1 13.6 16.2 15.4 14.4
12.3 12.6 15.7 16.3 15.9 18.3
12.6 13.4 14.5 15.5 14.7 15.9
11.5 13.0 14.1 13.9 14.7 16.2
11.2 13.4 13.9 15.4 15.3 15.5
12.8 13.3 14.9 15.8 17.2 15.5
11.3 13.9 14.8 16.2 16.5 16.8
11.9 11.7 13.8 15.8 16.0 16.2
12.1 13.2 14.5 16.2 16.1 16.3
12.3 13.9 13.0 14.5 15.9 15.6
12.9 13.5 13.6 16.4 16.1 17.2
12.0 13.2 14.6 16.1 15.6 14.8
12.1 13.0 13.7 15.0 15.4 14.6
12.0 13.4 15.0 16.2 18.1 16.0
12.6 13.9 15.4 15.2 15.6 17.0
13.6 14.2 14.8 16.4 15.0

12.35 13.48 14.54 15.86 16.20 16.18

AD RELATIVA MEDIA (%)

JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC

37.0 43.0 52.0 50.0 60.0 57.0
37.0 40.0 50.0 42.0 46.0 53.0
41.0 51.0 59.0 57.0 63.0 64.0
46.0 51.0 45.0 43.0 54.0 67.0
46.0 36.0 39.0 44.0 51.0 63.0
42.0 50.0 47.0 52.0 44.0 50.0
33.0 43.0 43.0 50.0 57.0 63.0
32.0 41.0 48.0 52.0 54.0 61.0
38.0 38.0 46.0 47.0 52.0 54.0
33.0 38.0 40.0 54.0 67.0 64.0
35.0 42.0 61.0 51.0 58.0 63.0
45.0 49.0 59.0 54.0 56.0 70.0
39.0 40.0 49.0 64.0 66.0 68.0
56.0 52.0 64.0 58.0 61.0 68.0
47.0 40.0 48.0 50.0 55.0 67.0
41.0 45.0 46.0 58.0 63.0 62.0
33.0 44.0 46.0 51.0 58.0 48.0
42.0 44.0 48.0 49.0 50.0 60.0
40.0 45.0 46.0 52.0 57.0 65.0
45.0 41.0 49.0 56.0 57.0 56.0
41.0 45.0 49.0 50.0 55.0 62.0
50.0 53.0 52.0 54.0 62.0 72.0
48.0 52.0 42.0 54.0 67.0 62.0
53.0 52.0 52.0 63.0 69.0 64.0
55.0 49.0 55.0 66.0 59.0 62.0
36.0 49.0 50.0 59.0 60.0 68.0
41.0 51.0 53.0 57.0 57.0 63.0
49.0 45.0 45.0 59.0 59.0 61.0

42.18 45.32 49.39 53.43 57.75 62.04

LACION TOTAL (Hrs.)

JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC
9 9.14 7.3 7.91 6.95 6.8

9.44 8.51 9.55 8.88 7.54 8.38

8.23 10.21 8.74 8.58 8.04 5.49
8.47 8.53 8.15 6.91 8.5 8.04
9.69 8.65 8.21 7.85 7.63 5.49
9.59 9.26 8.85 7.92 7.65 7.05
8.17 9.53 8.39 8.13 7.61 8.01
9.65 9.28 8.18 6.95 4.69 4.45
9.68 8.25 6.83 8.29 6.7 6.37
9.63 9.02 7.81 8.6 8.03 5.88
8.56 9.92 8.59 7.42 7.24 7.06
9.72 9.62 7.17 8.74 8.13 6.08
9.19 8.77 8.59 7.55 7.44 5.48
 9.18 8.48 8.17 6.55 7.09 6.93
9.2 8.17 7.97 8.02 7.21 8.43
8.41 8.31 8.74 7.22 7.53 6.3
8.89 5.58 8.57 7.79 6.81 5.45
8.96 9.85 8.43 8.16 6.81 7.22
9.72 9.75 8.34 8.48 5.94 4.87
9.39 9.14 8.76 6.65 6.36 4.7
9.82 7.02 7.64 8.67 7.32 7.89
9.17 9.75 9.08 7.36 7.19 7.3
8.95 9.41 7.88 6.12 7.69 6.48
9.58 9.13 8.54 7.57 7.79 6.62
6.1 6.9 6.61 6.83 5.36
8.13 9.53 8.91 5.86 7.9 7.02
9.14 8.80 8.24 7.65 7.25 6.51

CIDAD MEDIA DEL VIENTO (Km/Hs)

JUL AGO SEP OCT NOV DIC

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 4.0
4.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0
4.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0
6.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 5.0
5.0 5.0 8.0 6.0 8.0 5.0
6.0 8.0 8.0 11.0 10.0 10.0
6.0 5.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 9.0
7.0 10.0 11.0 15.0 16.0 12.0
12.0 14.0 16.0 14.0 16.0 13.0
9.0 11.0 12.0 11.0 9.0 11.0
11.0 14.0 12.0 14.0 10.0 11.0
8.0 7.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 7.0
10.0 8.0 10.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
10.0 14.0 18.0 8.0 15.0 6.0
14.0 14.0 18.0 15.0 14.0 10.0
5.0 8.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 6.0
7.0 7.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
9.0 10.0 13.0 12.0 11.0 10.0
10.0 9.0 15.0 17.0 14.0 12.0
6.0 11.0 12.0 10.0 9.0 12.0
6.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 5.0 4.0
5.6 9.3 11.1 11.1 9.3 11.1
9.3 11.1 11.1 13.0 11.1 11.1
7.4 13.0 14.8 13.0 11.1 11.1
7.4 9.3 11.1 11.1 14.8 11.1
11.1 9.0 9.0 9.0 11.0 7.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 5.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0

7.46 8.88 10.51 10.11 9.83 8.55