Electrodinámica Tarea 1

Emmanuel López Juárez

January 2023

Capı́tulo 2
Problema 2.3
7
#» 1 X qqi #»
F = Ri
4πε0 i=1 |Ri |3

Sean:
#»
R1 = a x̂ |R1 |3 = a3
#»
R2 = aŷ |R2 |3 = a3
#»
R3 = aẑ |R3 |3 = a3
#» √
R4 = a( x̂ + ŷ) |R4 |3 = 2 2a3
#» √
R5 = a( x̂ + ẑ) |R5 |3 = 2 2a3
#» √
R6 = a(ŷ + ẑ) |R6 |3 = 2 2a3
#» √
R7 = a( x̂ + ŷ + ẑ) |R7 |3 = 3 3a3
#» q2
!
1 1 1
⇒F = ( x̂ + ŷ + ẑ) + √ ( x̂ + ŷ + ẑ) + √ ( x̂ + ŷ + ẑ)
4πε0 a3 2 2a3 3 3a3
#» 1 1q2
!
1 1
F = 3
1+ √ + √
4πε0 a 2 2 3 3

Problema 2.4
Sean:
qρa3 qQ′
Fq = ẑ Fq = r̂
3ε0 z2 4πε0 r2
Dentro del intervalo [−1, 1], se tiene que
1 z − r′ z + r′
!
Fq = +
z2 |z − r′ | |z + r′ |
• Para |z| > a, 0 ≤ r′ ≤ a
z − r′ z + r′
= −1, = −1
|z − r′ | |z + r′ |
1
⇒ F = 2 (−2)
z
• La fuerza en z, es:
#» qρa′3 qQ′
Z !
2πqρ 2 ′ ′ −2
F · ẑ = a dr r = = −
4πε0 0 z2 3z2 ε0 4πε0 z2
#» qQ′
⇒ F = 3z2 ε0 ẑ = ˆ
−z
4πε0 z2

1
Problema 2.8

Q′ Q′
σ= = ⇒ Q′ = σ4πa2
A 4πa2
#»
r = zẑ #»
r ′ = r′ #»
r
R = (z − cos θ)ẑ − ρ sin θ cos ϕ x̂ − ρ sin θ sin ϕŷ
R2
= (z2 + a2 − 2az cos θ)3/2
ds = a2 sin θdθdϕ
Z 2π Z π
#» 1 ((z − cos θ)ẑ − ρ sin θ cos ϕ x̂ − ρ sin θ sin ϕŷ)a2
⇒F = qσ dθdϕ
4πε0 (z2 + a2 − 2az cos θ)3/2
Z π0 0
#» (z − ρ cos θ ) sin θ
′
F · #»
qσ
z = = dθ 2
4πε0 0 (z + a2 − 2az cos θ)3/2
Realizando el cambio de variable y de los lı́mites de integración:

u = cos θ′ cos θ → 0 ⇒ u = 1
du = − sin θ′ dθ′ cos θ → ϕ ⇒ u = −1

#» 1
z+a
Z " #
qσ2π z − au qσ2π 1 z − a
⇒ F · ẑ = du 2 = +
4πε0 −1 (z + a − 2az cos θ)3/2
2 4πε0 z2 |z − a |z + a

Problema 2.10
Sea

λ = Ay2 , A = cte
[C]
λ= Si y está en metros, entonces [y2 ] = [m2 ]
[m]
[C]
λ [m] [C]
⇒A= ⇒ [A] = =
y2 [m2 ] [m3 ]

La carga de la lı́nea está dada por

L #L
AL3
Z Z "
1
Q= λdl =
′
Ay dy = Ay3
2
=
L 0 3 0 3

La fuerza está dada por

#»
qρ( r′ )R̂dl′
Z
1
F=
4πε0 R2
Obteniendo R, y R2 :

R = #»
r ′ − #»
r = x x̂ − yŷ = a x̂ − yŷ

R2 = | #»
r ′ − #»
q
r| = (yŷ − a x̂)3 = (y2 + a2 )3/2

2
Obtenemos
L Z L
qAy2 (a x̂ − yŷ) y2 (a x̂ − yŷ)
Z
1 qA
F= dy 2 = dy 2
4πε0 0 (y + a2 )3/2 4πε0 0 (y + a2 )3/2
" Z L Z L Cambio de variable
y2 x̂ y3 ŷ
#
qA
= a dy 2 − dy 2 y = a tan(u)
4πε0 0 (y + a2 )3/2 0 (y + a2 )3/2 dy = a sec2 (u)du
Resolviendo la primera integral:
L Z L L L
y2 x̂ a2 tan2 (u)a sec2 (u) a3 tan2 (u) sec2 (u) sec2 (u) − 1
Z Z Z
a dy 2 = a du 2 = a du =a du
0 (y + a )
2 3/2
0 [a (1 + tan2 (u))]3/2 0 a3 sec3 (u) 0 sec(u)
"Z L Z L #
=a du sec(u) − du cos(u) = a{[ln |sec(u) + tan(u)|]0L − sin(u)|0L }
0 0
  s
  L 

y2 y  

 
= a −1+

  
ln 2

a2 a 
  
 


0




Capı́tulo 3
Problema 3.2
Sea:
#»
r ′ = 0 x̂ + 0ŷ R2i = | #»
r ′ − r#»i |
 a 2  a 2 !3/2
r#»1 = x̂ − ŷ
a a
R21 = − +
2 2 2 2
 a 2  a 2 !3/2
r#»2 = x̂ + ŷ
a a
R22 = − + −
2 2 2 2
 a 2  a 2 !3/2
r#»3 = − x̂ + ŷ
a a
R23 = + −
2 2 2 2
 a 2  a 2 !3/2
r#»4 = − x̂ − ŷ
a a
R24 = +
2 2 2 2
⇒ R21 = R22 = R23 = R24 = R

 
        
a a
2q 2 x̂ + 2 ŷ
a a
3q − 2 x̂ + 2 ŷ
a a a a

#» 1  q 2 x̂ − 2 ŷ 4q − 2 x̂ − 2 ŷ 
E =  + +
  2  2 3/2  2  2 3/2  2  2 3/2  2  2 3/2  + 
4πε0  a + a
2 2
a
2 + 2 a a
2 + 2 a a
2 + 2 a 
 
    √
#» 1  −2aq  1  −2aq 
 √  x̂ = − 1 4 2q
E =   x̂ =
4πε0   2  2 3/2 
 a + a 4πε0  2a3  4πε0 a2
2 2
 4

3
Problema 3.7
Sea:
#»
r = cŷ #»
r ′ = a x̂ + bŷ + zẑ
R = a x̂ + (b − c)ŷ + zẑ R2 = (a2 + (b − c)2 + z2 )3/2
−(a x̂ + (b − c)ŷ + zẑ)
Z ∞ Z ∞
1 Rdl′ 1
E= = dz 2 , si µ2 = a2 + (b − c)2
4πε0 −∞ R2 4πε0 −∞ (a + (b − c)2 + z2 )3/2
−(a x̂ + (b − c)ŷ + zẑ)
Z ∞ " Z ∞ Z ∞ #
1 1 dz zẑ
E= dz = −(a x̂ + (b − c)ŷ) − dz 2
4πε0 −∞ (µ2 + z2 )3/2 4πε0 −∞ (µ + z )
2 2 3/2
−∞ (µ + z2 )3/2

Cambios de variables π/2

µ2 sec2 θ
 Z p Z ∞ 
1 du 
u = µ2 + z 2 w =p µ2 tan θ E= −(a x̂ + (b − c)ŷ)
p 
⇒ dθ 3 − ẑ
µ (1 + tan2 θ)3/2 3/2 

4πε0 −∞ 2u
du = 2zdz dw = µ2 sec2 θdθ −π/2
" Z π/2  ∞ !#
1 1  1 
⇒E = − (a x̂ + (b − c)ŷ) dθ 2 cos θ + ẑ − √ 
4πε0 −π/2 µ  u −∞
" Z π/2  ∞ !#
1 1  1 
= − (a x̂ + (b − c)ŷ) 2 dθ cos θ + ẑ − √ 
4πε0 µ −π/2  u
"  ∞ !#−∞
1 1  1 
= − (a x̂ + (b − c)ŷ) 2 [sin θ]π/2 + ẑ − √ 
4πε0 µ −π/2  u −∞
" #
1 2
= − (a x̂ + (b − c)ŷ) 2 − 0ẑ
4πε0 a + (b − c)2
1 2a 1 2(b − c)
⇒E = − x̂ − ŷ
4πε0 a + (b − c)
2 2 4πε0 a + (b − c)2
2

Si b > c, entonces:
1 2a 1 2(b − c)
E=− x̂ − ŷ
4πε0 a2 + (b − c)2 4πε0 a2 + (b − c)2
Si b < c, tendremos:
1 2a 1 2(b − c)
E=− x̂ + ŷ
4πε0 a2 + (b − c)2 4πε0 a2 + (b − c)2

Problema 3.10
Sea:

ρ=a r = ρρ̂
#»
r = ρρ̂ = aρ̂ #»
r ′ = z′ ẑ
 3/2
R = z′ ẑ − aρ̂ R2 = z′2 + a2
λ q = λa
α Z α
λa(z ẑ − aρ̂)′
λa
Z
1 1
E= dθ 2 = dθ(z′ ẑ − aρ̂)
4πε0 −α (a + z2 )3/2 4πε0 (a2 + z2 )3/2 −α

4
aρ̂ se pasa a coordenadas polares, para obtener aρ̂ = a cos θ x̂ − a sin θŷ, obteniendo:
Z α
1 λa
E = dθ(z′ ẑ − a cos θ x̂ + a sin θŷ)
4πε0 (a2 + z2 )3/2 −α
1 λa
= z θẑ − a sin θ x̂ − a cos θŷ α−α
′ 
4πε0 (a2 + z2 )3/2
1 λa
= [z′ (α + α)ẑ − a x̂(sin(α) − sin(−α)) + aŷ(cos(α) − cos(−α))]
4πε0 (a + z2 )3/2
2

1 λa
= [2z′ αẑ − a x̂(sin(α) + sin(α)) + aŷ(cos(α) − cos(α))]
4πε0 (a2 + z2 )3/2
1 λa
= [2z′ αẑ + a2 sin(α) x̂ + 0]
4πε0 (a + z2 )3/2
2

1 2λa
= [αz′ ẑ + a sin(α) x̂]
4πε0 (a2 + z2 )3/2
Para dar una vuelta completa y completar la circunferencia, se debe cumplir que α = π, por lo que:

Para α = π
1 2λa 1 2λa
E= [πz′ ẑ + a sin(π) x̂] = [πz′ ẑ + 0 x̂]
4πε0 (a + z )
2 2 3/2 4πε0 (a + z2 )3/2
2

λaz 1
⇒ E= ẑ Q.D.
2ε0 (a2 + z2 )3/2