Estática en la Construcción

Ejercicios de vigas Isostáticas

a b P= 2 ton
+ - ∑Fx=0
W=1.6 ton/m

L=3m L=2m L=1.5m

+ - ∑Fy=0

+ - ∑Ma=0
 a b P= 2 ton + - ∑Fy=0: Ray + Rby - 4.8 ton – 2ton=0
Ray + Rby – 6.5 ton=0
W=1.6 ton/m
Ray = 6.5ton - Rby ……. Ec (1)

L=3m L=2m L=1.5m

+ ∑Ma=0:
- (Rb*5m) – (4.8ton*1.5m) – (2ton*6.5m)=0

Rby* 5m = 20.20 ton*m

Ra Rb Rby= 20.20 ton*m
5m
+ - ∑Fx=0: Rx=0 Rby= 4.04 ton … Ec (2)

Cálculo de la carga uniformemente repartida:

Se sustituye ec. 2 en ec. 1 y se
W=1.6 ton/m
resuelve para Ra:

1m =3.0 m Ray= 6.8ton – 4.04 ton

+ - W= (1.6 ton/m)(3m)=4.8 ton Ray= 2.76 ton

 Cortante:
a b P= 2 ton V2= Ray = 2.76 ton
W=1.6 ton/m
V3= 2.76 ton – 4.80 ton= -2.04 ton
V4= -2.04 ton + Rby = -2.04ton + 4.04ton = 2.0 ton

L=3m L=2m L=1.5m

V5= 2.0 ton- 2ton= 0
Diagrama de Momentos:
Distancia XPIC:

𝑅𝑎𝑦 2.76 𝑡𝑜𝑛

= = 1.725 m
1.275𝑚
𝑊 1.60 𝑡𝑜𝑛/𝑚
Método de áreas:
V1 =0
2.76 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗ 1.725𝑚
A 1= =2.3805 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗𝑚
2

X 1.725 m
Diferencia de áreas:
2.3805 ton*m - 1.3005ton*m = 1.08 ton*m
2.3805𝑡𝑜𝑛∗𝑚
1.08 ton*m
Diferencia de áreas:
0 -4.08 ton*m + 1.08 ton*m = -3.0 ton*m

-3.0 ton*m Diferencia de áreas:

-3.0 ton*m + 3.0 ton*m = 0
a P= 2 ton b + - ∑Fx=0
W2=0.800 ton/m
W1=0.640 ton/m

L=3m L=3m
+ - ∑Fy=0

+ - ∑Ma=0
 a P= 2.5 ton b + - ∑Fy=0: Ray + Rby – 1.92 ton – 2.5ton – 2.4 ton=0
Ray + Rby – 6.82 ton=0
W2=1.6 ton/m
W1=1.6 Ray = 6.82ton - Rby ……. Ec (1)
ton/m

L=3m L=3m + ∑Ma=0:

- (Rb*6m) – (1.92ton*1.5m) – (2.3ton*3.0m) – (2.5*3.0m=0

Rby* 6m = 21.18 ton*m

Rby= 21.18 ton*m
+ - ∑Fx=0: Rx=0 6m
Cálculo de la carga uniformemente repartida: Rby= 3.53 ton … Ec (2)
W=0.640 ton/m W=0.800 ton/m

Se sustituye ec. 2 en ec. 1 y se

1m 1m
resuelve para Ra:
=3.0 m =3.0 m
Ray= 6.82ton – 3.53 ton

+ - W= (0.640 ton/m)(3m)=1.92 ton Ray= 3.29 ton

+ - W= (0.800 ton/m)(3m)=2.4 ton

 Cortante:
V1= 0
a P= 2.5 ton b V2= Ray = 3.29 ton
W2=0.800 ton/m
V3= 3.29 ton – 1.92 ton= 1.37 ton
W1=0.640 ton/m
V4= 1.37 ton – 2.5 ton= -1.13 ton
V5= -1.13 ton- 2.4 ton= 3.53ton
L=3m L=3m V6= -3.53+Rby= -3.53 + 3.53 = 0

Diagrama de Momentos: 𝐵∗ 𝐻
Distancia XPIC: A=
2
Como la carga puntual esta al centro X=3m
𝐵∗ 𝐻
A=
Método de áreas: 2
V2=3.29
= A4
A1 X 3.0 m
V3=1.37 A 2= A 3
V1=0
A2 A1
V6=0 Diferencia de cortantes: 1.92 𝑡𝑜𝑛∗ 3.0 𝑚
A 1= =2.88𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝑚
A3 3.29ton - 1.37ton= 1.92 2
V4=-1.13
A4 A 2=1.37 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗3.0 𝑚=4.11 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗𝑚
X 3.0 m V5=3.53

6.99 ton*m
Suma de áreas para graficar la parábola:
+ 2.88 ton*m
4.11 ton*m
6.99 ton*m
 a b
W2=2.05 ton/m
W1=0.850 ton/m W3=0.850 ton/m

L=3m L=2m L=1.5m

Ra Rb
 a b + - ∑Fy=0: Ray + Rby – 1.275 ton – 1.275 ton- 12.3ton =0
W2=2.05 ton/m Ray + Rby – 14.5 ton=0
W1=0.850 ton/m W3=0.850 ton/m Ray = 14.85ton - Rby ……. Ec (1)

L=6m L=1.5m
L=1.5m ∑Ma=0: (Rb*6m) + (1.275ton*1.5m)– (12.3ton*3.0m) – (1.275ton*6.75m)= 0
+ -
(Rb*6m) + (1.913 ton*m) – (36.90 ton*m) – ( 9.563 ton*m)= 0
Ra Rb
(Rb*6m) – ( 44.550 ton*m)= 0
+ - ∑Fx=0: Rx=0
Rby= 44.550 ton*m
Cálculo de la carga uniformemente repartida: 6m
W= 2.05 ton/m W=0.850 ton/m
Rby= 7.425 ton … Ec (2)

1m 1m Se sustituye ec. 2 en ec. 1 y se resuelve para

Ray:
=3.0 m =3.0 m
Ray= 14.85 ton – 7.425 ton

+ - W1,3= (0.850 ton/m)(1.5m)= 1.275 Ray= 7.425ton

ton
+ - W2= (2.05 ton/m)(6m)= 12.3 ton
 Cortante:

a b V1= 0
V2= -1.275 ton
W2=2.05 ton/m
W1=0.850 ton/m W3=0.850 ton/m V3= -1.275 + Ray = -1.275 ton+ 7.425 ton= 6.150 ton
V4= 6.150 – 12.3 ton= -6.150 ton
L=6m L=1.5m V5= - 6.150 ton + Rby= - 6.150 ton + 7.425 ton = 1.275 ton
L=1.5m
V6= 1.275 ton – 1.275ton = 0

Ra Rb Diagrama de Momentos:
Distancia XPIC: 𝐵∗ 𝐻
A=
2
Como la carga puntual esta al centro X=3m
V3= 6150 V5= 1.275
Método de áreas:
X 3.0 m
= A4

A2 A4 A 2= A 3
V1=0
V6=0
−1.275 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗ 1.5.0 𝑚
A1 A3 A 1=
2
=0.95625 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗𝑚

6150 𝑡𝑜𝑛 ∗ 3.00 𝑚

V2= - 1.275
X 3.0 m A 2= − 𝐴 1=9.225 𝑡𝑜𝑛∗ 𝑚
V4=--6150 2

9.225 ton*m

-0.95625 ton*m