7001_ThomasET_BTIpT1-T6.

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A BRIEF TABLE OF INTEGRALS

Basic Forms
xn+1
1. k dx = kx + C sany number kd 2. x n dx = + C sn Z - 1d
L L n + 1
dx
3. x = ln ƒ x ƒ + C 4. e x dx = e x + C
L L
ax
5. a x dx = + C sa 7 0, a Z 1d 6. sin x dx = - cos x + C
L ln a L
7. cos x dx = sin x + C 8. sec2 x dx = tan x + C
L L
9. csc2 x dx = - cot x + C 10. sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
L L
11. csc x cot x dx = - csc x + C 12. tan x dx = ln ƒ sec x ƒ + C
L L
13. cot x dx = ln ƒ sin x ƒ + C 14. sinh x dx = cosh x + C
L L
dx x
15. cosh x dx = sinh x + C 16. = sin-1 a + C
L L 2a - x 2 2

` a ` + C
dx 1 x dx 1 x
17. = a tan-1 a + C 18. = a sec-1
La + x L x2x 2 - a 2
2 2

dx x dx x
19. = sinh-1 a + C sa 7 0d 20. = cosh-1 a + C sx 7 a 7 0d
L 2a 2 + x 2 L 2x 2 - a 2

Forms Involving ax  b
sax + bdn + 1
21. sax + bdn dx = + C, n Z -1
L asn + 1d
sax + bdn + 1 ax + b
c d + C,
b
22. xsax + bdn dx = - n Z - 1, -2
L a2 n + 2 n + 1
1 x b
23. sax + bd-1 dx = a ln ƒ ax + b ƒ + C 24. xsax + bd-1 dx = a - 2 ln ƒ ax + b ƒ + C
L L a

c ln ƒ ax + b ƒ + d + C = ln ` ` + C
1 b dx 1 x
25. xsax + bd-2 dx = 26.
L L
2 ax + b xsax bd b ax + b
a +

2 A 2ax + b B
n+2

A 2ax + b B
n 2ax + b dx
27. dx = a + C, n Z -2 28. x dx = 22ax + b + b
L n + 2 L L x2ax + b

T-1
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T-2 A Brief Table of Integrals

ln ` ` + C
dx 1 2ax + b - 2b dx 2 ax - b
29. (a) = (b) = tan-1 + C
L x2ax + b 2b 2ax + b + 2b L x2ax - b 2b A b
2ax + b 2ax + b a dx dx 2ax + b a dx
30. dx = - x + + C 31. = - - + C
L 2 L x2ax + b L x 2ax + b 2b L x2ax + b
2 2 bx
x

Forms Involving a2  x2
dx 1 x dx x 1 x
32. = a tan-1 a + C 33. = + tan-1 a + C
La + x L sa + x d
2 2 2 2 2
2a 2sa 2 + x 2 d 2a 3

= sinh-1 a + C = ln A x + 2a 2 + x 2 B + C
dx x
34.
L 2a 2 + x 2

ln A x + 2a 2 + x 2 B + C
x a2
35. 2a 2 + x 2 dx = 2a 2 + x 2 +
L 2 2

ln A x + 2a 2 + x 2 B + C
x a4
36. x 2 2a 2 + x 2 dx = sa 2 + 2x 2 d2a 2 + x 2 -
L 8 8

dx = 2a 2 + x 2 - a ln ` ` +C
2a 2 + x 2 a + 2a 2 + x 2
37. x x
L

dx = ln A x + 2a 2 + x 2 B -
2a 2 + x 2 2a 2 + x 2
38. x + C
L
2
x

ln A x + 2a 2 + x 2 B +
x2 a2 x2a 2 + x 2
39. dx = - + C
L 2a + x 2 2 2 2

= - a ln ` ` + C
dx 1 a + 2a 2 + x 2 dx 2a 2 + x 2
40. x 41. = - + C
L x2a 2 + x 2 L x 2 2a 2 + x 2 a 2x

Forms Involving a2  x2

ln ` x - a ` + C ln ` x - a ` + C
dx 1 x + a dx x 1 x + a
42. = 43. = +
La - x 2a L sa - x d
22 2
2 2 2 2 2 3
2a sa - x d 4a
dx x x a 2 -1 x
44. = sin-1 a + C 45. 2a 2 - x 2 dx = 2a 2 - x 2 + sin a + C
L 2a 2 - x 2 L 2 2
4
a x 1
46. x 2 2a 2 - x 2 dx = sin-1 a - x2a 2 - x 2 sa 2 - 2x 2 d + C
L 8 8

dx = 2a 2 - x 2 - a ln ` ` + C 48.
2a 2 - x 2 a + 2a 2 - x 2 2a 2 - x 2 x 2a 2 - x 2
47. x x dx = - sin-1 a - x + C
L L
2
x

= - a ln ` ` + C
x2 a 2 -1 x 1 dx 1 a + 2a 2 - x 2
49. dx = sin a - x2a 2 - x 2 + C 50. x
L 2a 2 - x 2 2 2 L x2a 2 - x 2

dx 2a 2 - x 2
51. = - + C
L x 2 2a 2 - x 2 a 2x

Forms Involving x2  a2
dx
52. = ln ƒ x + 2x 2 - a 2 ƒ + C
L 2x - a 2 2

x a2
53. 2x 2 - a 2 dx = 2x 2 - a 2 - ln ƒ x + 2x 2 - a 2 ƒ + C
L 2 2
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A Brief Table of Integrals T-3

x A 2x 2 - a 2 B
n

A 2x - a B dx = A 2x 2 - a 2 B dx,
2 2 n na 2 n-2
54. - n Z -1
L n + 1 n + 1L
x A 2x 2 - a 2 B
2-n
dx n - 3 dx
L A 2x - a B sn - 2da 2 L A 2x 2 - a 2 B n - 2
55. = - , n Z 2
2 2 n s2 - nda 2

A 2x 2 - a 2 B
n+2

56. x A 2x - a 2
B dx =
2 n
+ C, n Z -2
L n + 2

x a4
57. x 2 2x 2 - a 2 dx = s2x 2 - a 2 d2x 2 - a 2 - ln ƒ x + 2x 2 - a 2 ƒ + C
L 8 8

dx = 2x 2 - a 2 - a sec-1 ` a ` + C
2x 2 - a 2 x
58. x
L
2x 2 - a 2 2x 2 - a 2
59. dx = ln ƒ x + 2x 2 - a 2 ƒ - x + C
L
2
x
x2 a2 x
60. dx = ln ƒ x + 2x 2 - a 2 ƒ + 2x 2 - a 2 + C
L 2x - a
2 2 2 2

= a sec-1 ` a ` + C = a cos-1 ` x ` + C
dx 1 x 1 a dx 2x 2 - a 2
61. 62. = + C
L x2x 2 - a 2 L x 2 2x 2 - a 2 a 2x

Trigonometric Forms
1 1
63. sin ax dx = - a cos ax + C 64. cos ax dx = a sin ax + C
L L
x sin 2ax x sin 2ax
65. sin2 ax dx = - + C 66. cos2 ax dx = + + C
L 2 4a L 2 4a

sinn - 1 ax cos ax n - 1
67. sinn ax dx = - na + n sinn - 2 ax dx
L L
cosn - 1 ax sin ax n - 1
68. cosn ax dx = na + n cosn - 2 ax dx
L L
cossa + bdx cossa - bdx
69. (a) sin ax cos bx dx = - - + C, a2 Z b2
L 2sa + bd 2sa - bd
sinsa - bdx sinsa + bdx
(b) sin ax sin bx dx = - + C, a2 Z b2
L 2sa - bd 2sa + bd
sinsa - bdx sinsa + bdx
(c) cos ax cos bx dx = + + C, a2 Z b2
L 2sa - bd 2sa + bd
cos 2ax sinn + 1 ax
70. sin ax cos ax dx = - + C 71. sinn ax cos ax dx = + C, n Z -1
L 4a L sn + 1da
cos ax 1 cosn + 1 ax
72. dx = a ln ƒ sin ax ƒ + C 73. cosn ax sin ax dx = - + C, n Z -1
L sin ax L sn + 1da
sin ax 1
74. cos ax dx = - a ln ƒ cos ax ƒ + C
L
sinn - 1 ax cosm + 1 ax n - 1
75. sinn ax cosm ax dx = - + sinn - 2 ax cosm ax dx, n Z -m sreduces sinn axd
L asm + nd m + nL

sinn + 1 ax cosm - 1 ax m - 1
76. sinn ax cosm ax dx = + sinn ax cosm - 2 ax dx, m Z -n sreduces cosm axd
L asm + nd m + nL
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T-4 A Brief Table of Integrals

tan-1 c tan a - b d + C,
dx -2 b - c p ax
77. = b2 7 c2
L b + c sin ax 2
a2b - c 2 A b + c 4 2

ln ` ` + C,
dx -1 c + b sin ax + 2c 2 - b 2 cos ax
78. = b2 6 c2
L b + c sin ax a2c 2 - b 2 b + c sin ax

= - a tan a - b + C = a tan a + b + C
dx 1 p ax dx 1 p ax
79. 80.
L 1 + sin ax 4 2 L 1 - sin ax 4 2

tan-1 c tan d + C,
dx 2 b - c ax
81. = b2 7 c2
L b + c cos ax 2
a2b - c 2 A b + c 2

ln ` ` + C,
dx 1 c + b cos ax + 2c 2 - b 2 sin ax
82. = b2 6 c2
L b + c cos ax a2c 2 - b 2 b + c cos ax
dx 1 ax dx 1 ax
83. = a tan + C 84. = - a cot + C
L 1 + cos ax 2 L 1 - cos ax 2
1 x 1 x
85. x sin ax dx = sin ax - a cos ax + C 86. x cos ax dx = cos ax + a sin ax + C
L a2 L a2
xn n xn n
87. x n sin ax dx = - a cos ax + a x n - 1 cos ax dx 88. x n cos ax dx = a sin ax - a x n - 1 sin ax dx
L L L L
1 1
89. tan ax dx = a ln ƒ sec ax ƒ + C 90. cot ax dx = a ln ƒ sin ax ƒ + C
L L
1 1
91. tan2 ax dx = a tan ax - x + C 92. cot2 ax dx = - a cot ax - x + C
L L
n-1
tan ax cotn - 1 ax
93. tann ax dx = - tann - 2 ax dx, n Z 1 94. cotn ax dx = - - cotn - 2 ax dx, n Z 1
L asn - 1d L L asn - 1d L
1 1
95. sec ax dx = a ln ƒ sec ax + tan ax ƒ + C 96. csc ax dx = - a ln ƒ csc ax + cot ax ƒ + C
L L
1 1
97. sec2 ax dx = a tan ax + C 98. csc2 ax dx = - a cot ax + C
L L
secn - 2 ax tan ax n - 2
99. secn ax dx = + secn - 2 ax dx, n Z 1
L asn - 1d n - 1L
cscn - 2 ax cot ax n - 2
100. cscn ax dx = - + cscn - 2 ax dx, n Z 1
L asn - 1d n - 1L
secn ax cscn ax
101. secn ax tan ax dx = na + C, n Z 0 102. cscn ax cot ax dx = - na + C, n Z 0
L L

Inverse Trigonometric Forms

1 1
103. sin-1 ax dx = x sin-1 ax + a 21 - a 2x 2 + C 104. cos-1 ax dx = x cos-1 ax - a 21 - a 2x 2 + C
L L
1
105. tan-1 ax dx = x tan-1 ax - ln s1 + a 2x 2 d + C
L 2a
xn+1 a x n + 1 dx
106. x n sin-1 ax dx = sin-1 ax - , n Z -1
L n + 1 n + 1 L 21 - a 2x 2
xn+1 a x n + 1 dx
107. x n cos-1 ax dx = cos-1 ax + , n Z -1
L n + 1 n + 1 L 21 - a 2x 2

xn+1 a x n + 1 dx
108. x n tan-1 ax dx = tan-1 ax - , n Z -1
L n + 1 n + 1 L 1 + a 2x 2
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A Brief Table of Integrals T-5

Exponential and Logarithmic Forms

1 1 b ax
109. e ax dx = a e ax + C 110. b ax dx = a + C, b 7 0, b Z 1
L L ln b

e ax 1 n
111. xe ax dx = sax - 1d + C 112. x ne ax dx = a x ne ax - a x n - 1e ax dx
L a2 L L
n ax
x b n
113. x nb ax dx = - x n - 1b ax dx, b 7 0, b Z 1
L a ln b a ln b L
e ax
114. e ax sin bx dx = sa sin bx - b cos bxd + C
L a + b2
2

e ax
115. e ax cos bx dx = sa cos bx + b sin bxd + C 116. ln ax dx = x ln ax - x + C
L a2 + b2 L
x n + 1sln axdm m
117. x nsln axdm dx = - x nsln axdm - 1 dx, n Z - 1
L n + 1 n + 1 L
m+1
sln axd dx
118. x -1sln axdm dx = + C, m Z - 1 119. = ln ƒ ln ax ƒ + C
L m + 1 L x ln ax

Forms Involving 22ax  x2, a>0

= sin-1 a a b + C
dx x - a
120.
L 22ax - x 2

sin a a b + C
x - a a 2 -1 x - a
121. 22ax - x 2 dx = 22ax - x 2 +
L 2 2
sx - ad A 22ax - x 2 B
n

A 22ax - x B dx = A 22ax - x 2 B dx
2 n na 2 n-2
122. +
L n + 1 n + 1L
sx - ad A 22ax - x 2 B
2-n
dx n - 3 dx
L A 22ax - x B sn - 2da 2 L A 22ax - x 2 B n - 2
123. = +
2 n sn - 2da 2

sx + ads2x - 3ad22ax - x 2
sin a a b + C
a 3 -1 x - a
124. x22ax - x 2 dx = +
L 6 2

dx = 22ax - x 2 + a sin-1 a a b + C
22ax - x 2 x - a
125. x
L

- sin-1 a a b + C
22ax - x 2 2a - x x - a
126. dx = - 2
L x2 A x

= a sin-1 a a b - 22ax - x + C
x dx x - a 2 dx 1 2a - x
127. 128. = -a + C
L 22ax - x 2
L x22ax - x 2 A x

Hyperbolic Forms
1 1
129. sinh ax dx = a cosh ax + C 130. cosh ax dx = a sinh ax + C
L L
sinh 2ax x sinh 2ax x
131. sinh2 ax dx = - + C 132. cosh2 ax dx = + + C
L 4a 2 L 4a 2
n-1
sinh ax cosh ax n - 1
133. sinhn ax dx = na - n sinhn - 2 ax dx, n Z 0
L L
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T-6 A Brief Table of Integrals

coshn - 1 ax sinh ax n - 1
134. coshn ax dx = na + n coshn - 2 ax dx, n Z 0
L L
x 1 x 1
135. x sinh ax dx = a cosh ax - 2 sinh ax + C 136. x cosh ax dx = a sinh ax - 2 cosh ax + C
L a L a
xn n xn n
137. x n sinh ax dx = a cosh ax - a x n - 1 cosh ax dx 138. x n cosh ax dx = a sinh ax - a x n - 1 sinh ax dx
L L L L
1 1
139. tanh ax dx = a ln scosh axd + C 140. coth ax dx = a ln ƒ sinh ax ƒ + C
L L
1 1
141. tanh2 ax dx = x - a tanh ax + C 142. coth2 ax dx = x - a coth ax + C
L L
n-1
tanh ax
143. tanhn ax dx = - + tanhn - 2 ax dx, n Z 1
L sn - 1da L
cothn - 1 ax
144. cothn ax dx = - + cothn - 2 ax dx, n Z 1
L sn - 1da L

csch ax dx = a ln ` tanh ` + C
1 1 ax
145. sech ax dx = a sin-1 stanh axd + C 146.
L L 2
1 1
147. sech2 ax dx = a tanh ax + C 148. csch2 ax dx = - a coth ax + C
L L
n-2
sech ax tanh ax n - 2
149. sechn ax dx = + sechn - 2 ax dx, n Z 1
L sn - 1da n - 1L
cschn - 2 ax coth ax n - 2
150. cschn ax dx = - - cschn - 2 ax dx, n Z 1
L sn - 1da n - 1L
sechn ax cschn ax
151. sechn ax tanh ax dx = - na + C, n Z 0 152. cschn ax coth ax dx = - na + C, n Z 0
L L

c d + C,
e ax e bx e -bx
153. e ax sinh bx dx = - a2 Z b2
L 2 a + b a - b

c d + C,
e ax e bx e -bx
154. e ax cosh bx dx = + a2 Z b2
L 2 a + b a - b

Some Definite Integrals

q q
2 1 p
155. x n - 1e -x dx = ≠snd = sn - 1d!, n 7 0 156. e -ax dx = , a 7 0
L0 L0 2A a
1 # 3 # 5 # Á # sn - 1d # p
, if n is an even integer Ú2
p>2 p>2 2#4#6# Á #n 2
157. n
sin x dx = cos x dx = d # # # Á #
n
L0 L0 2 4 6 sn - 1d
#
3 5 7 # # Á #n , if n is an odd integer Ú3