Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Bibliografía
1. Xu, J., Xue, B., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Cao Y. y Fan, K. (2011). Mesostructured
Nidoped ceria as an efficient catalyst for styrene synthesis by oxidative
dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene”. En Applied Catalysis A: General. 405, 142–
148.
Styrene is one of the chemical intermediates with the most commercial value and mass
consumption today, apart from being one of the most important monomers in the
production of polymers such as resins, synthetic rubbers and plastics. The demand for
styrene increases annually and its global production capacity exceeded 23 megatons in
2009 (Xu et al., 2011). In the period 2012 to 2017 the global demand for styrene has
been growing at an annual average of 1.5%, reaching at the end of 2017 a global
demand of 30 megatons. (IHS Markit, 2018).
Styrene is a fundamental raw material in different industries such as: ABS SAN styrene
copolymers, fibers, glass fiber sheets, glass polystyrene, expandable polystyrene, impact
polystyrene, polyester resins, insulation systems.
There are several processes for obtaining styrene from ethylbenzene: (a) chlorination of
the ethylbenzene chain followed by dehydrogenation, (b) chain chlorination of
ethylbenzene and hydrolysis to give the corresponding alcohol and then
dehydrogenation, (c) oxidation of ethylbenzene to ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, which
by reaction with propylene produces α-phenylethanol and propylene oxide, in the end
the alcohol is dehydrated to styrene, (d) oxidative conversion of ethylbenzene to α-
phenylethanol via acetophenone and subsequent dehydrogenation of alcohol, (e)
dimerization of ethylbenzene followed by disproportionation and degradation of the
same recycled polystyrene, and (f) catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene
(Conceição, 2013).
The world's largest production of styrene is by catalytic dehydrogenation of
ethylbenzene. There are two industrial processes that allow styrene to be obtained by
dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene: (1) Adiabatic cracking process, and (2) Isothermal
process (Khatamian et al., 2011).
Ethylbenzene, the main raw material for styrene production, is produced in large
quantities in the South American petrochemical industry. In 2009 it was already
reported that the production of ethylbenzene in Latin America reached a level of 825
000 tons. In 2014, a project of production of 540,000 tons was started in Brazil by
petrobras' COMPERJ (Friedlander, 2015).
In 2020, styrene was the 414th most traded product in the world, being marketed for a
total of $7.22B. Between 2019 and 2020 styrene exports decreased by -27.5%, from
$9.96B to $7.22B. Trade in styrene accounts for 0.043% of total world trade.
In 2020 the top exporters of Styrene were United States ($1.65B), Saudi Arabia ($1.2B),
Netherlands ($956M), South Korea ($545M), and Japan ($484M).
In 2020 the top importers of Styrene were China ($1.99B), India ($575M), Mexico
($522M), South Korea ($499M), and United States ($387M). (6)
Bibliografía
7. Xu, J., Xue, B., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Cao Y. y Fan, K. (2011). Mesostructured
Nidoped ceria as an efficient catalyst for styrene synthesis by oxidative
dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene”. En Applied Catalysis A: General. 405, 142–
148.
10. Khatamian, M., Khandar, A.A., Haghighi, M. & Ghadiri, M. (2011). “Nano
ZSM5 type ferrisilicates as novel catalysts for ethylbenzenedehydrogenation in
the presence of N2 O”. En Applied Surface Science. 258, 865– 872.