sagt is 309 wt 191 es9 ug i091 at ret ut ore yoR'l +261 O0T vir zavt vist wee a AOWLNOD NG SALUT sivo coro 160 sueo e9e' ue 870 Lovo ra 9st we’ sro 910 9L00 0 0 0 0 0 ‘a Ios 168s ose's ore’s zeus wes 969'S us boss sess oor's e0's 08S ‘a ors a ver ose 7801 al girl sco zz00 1180 1390 urso seo 0 0 0 ‘a ava SOLD 800 own ree o oe. vrco osuo 9sL0 Lo LO BLL’ usco 60 8080 oe eso are 9870 0880 sew rsvo P. va ad VIVE, see 0x90 oon 8690 ose suro sIL0 Best ssro. ere zse —— 9est OnvO wo osco ure st A 680 sic Lore 9S GEO uso zx gece SRT FLO 0 STE OT OFF 9880 aie LE Leo SLO OTT S260 xe owe owe ot isco uy8z ASL GLO sat cot 1400 8 ore ORT CUNO zr 61vo L yes LSE 6eUO sisoo usc exe 9 ouez tL oreo wert uso s soz SOTO E1260 av 620 ’ tol ues zee PsoL €zO'T € srt 99z toc 6s OSKL LZIT z a a "0 be ae EE wv MESA AOWINOD 40 SALUT “TANG VINFL —“TOWINOD Aa Sau VT VV SOLA —_ YUVA HOLOVA Vva SIRIOL VE SANOLIVAREASHO AVANYASi SANOIOVIASHG AG VIVE SONEHNON. aa VIVE. ys °Y 9p stayyad wavd og oxjuos ap some soqeaquaa suouy avpnaqes e4ed s90]9eA AL VV.Table of Constants X and R Chart X and s Chart A, | Ds | DO, | As B, B, | o* 1.880] 0 | 3.267] 2659 | 0 | 3.267 | .7979 1.023, 0 2.574] 1.954 oO 2.568 8862 0729] 0 | 2282] 1.628 | 0 | 2.266 | 9213 0.577 0 2.114 | 1.427 oO 2.089 9400 0.483 | 0 | 2.004] 1.287 | 0.030 | 1.970 | 9515 0.419 | 0.076 | 1.924] 1.182 | 0.118 | 1.882 | .9594 0.373 | 0.136 | 1.864] 1.099 | 0.185 | 1.815 | .9650 0.937 | 0.184 | 1.816] 1.032 | 0.239 | 1.761 | .9693 0.308 | 0.223 | 1.777] 0.975 | 0.284 | 1.716 | 9727 clolrwlolalalelnr 3s Sample X and R Chart X and R,, Chart Size }— fl A, | Ps | &% | & Ds | | 4" ---- | 0 | 3267] 2659 | 0 | 3.267 | 1.128 1.187] 0 | 2574] 1.772 | 0 | 2574 | 1.693 == [0 | 2282 [1457 | 0 | 2282 | 2059 0691] o | 2114] 1.290 |: o | 2114 | 2326 0 | 2.004 | 1.184 0 | 2.004 | 2.534 0.509 | 0.076 | 1.924 } 1.109 | 0.076 | 1.924 | 2.704 ---- | 0.136 | 1.864 | 1.054 | 0.136 | 1.864 | 2.847 0.412 | 0.184 | 1.816 | 1.010 | 0.184 | 1.816 | 2.970 +++ | 0.223 | 1.777 | 0.975 | 0.223 | 1.777 | 3.078 clolrlolalaleolnr 3S * Useful in estimating the process standard deviation 6.Variable Data Table Chart Sizen Control Limits Pr Control] Sample Central Line* Avera X= (KX ...X, anange | <10, but Cake I usually 3to5 | RL Jean 05 | R= (Bates FA) pores K= (Ry K +... Ky) Deviation _| Usually K >10 Fat ) anale 5 (sit. Median = (KX +X) &Range | <10, but ad usually Ao R, Zanan | 3%° =( Re i.) aion R= (KX Range rl _ Rm="% 41-20! | UCL ag = Dahm Xand R,, Re, = (Ry + fos As LCL = Daim k= # of subgroups, X = median value within each subgroup * For constant size subgroups onlyAttribute Data Table recone! anne Central Line Control Limits Fraction . For each subgroup: | *UCL, =p +34/p1 -b defective Gan p=np/n ae uP) usually | For all subgroups: by —— pichart >50) p= Een “*LCly =B- 3p) Number For each subgroup: =ns ———— defective | Constant| np = # detective units | UC = 9B + 3./nBtT =) usuaYy | For all subgroups: 2 a np Chart | 250) np = Sa PS | LCL ne = 8-3 VRB =B) Number For each subgroup: = iz of defects Constant c= # defects Beles a6 Il 1S: = = Gut Forel siegroup LCLe=6-3VE Number For each subgroup: *UCLy =0 + 34/7 of defects Variabs u= on “I T | per unit male | For all subgroups: *LoLy=a- ofa u Chart U=Zelzn 7 np = # defective units * This formula creates changing control limits. C= # of defects x To avoid this, use average sample sizes fi for n= sample size within those samples that are within +20% of the each subgroup k = # of subgroups average sample size. Calculate individual limits for the samples exceeding +20%.Interpretacién de Graficas de Control UCL Punto fuera del limite de control cL LoS limites de control se calculan para medir la variabilidad natural de un proceso. Cualquier =* LCL punto dentro o fuera del limite se considera anormal y requiere investigacién. ~* UCL Corridas Una “corrida” se indica cuando los puntos estan ubicados en forma continua a un lado de la linea central. Una “corrida" de siete puntos es considerado anormal, También se considera anormal: 10 de 11, 12 de14, 0 16 de 20 puntos @ un lado de la linea central Tendencia Siete puntos continuos en direccién hacia arriba o hacia abajo. Cerca de la linea central Cuando la mayoria de los puntos se ubican dentro de la linea central y 1.5 sigma (s), ef proceso no esta en un estado controlado. Esto generalmente indica una mezcla de datos de distintas poblaciones, lo que hace que los, limites de control sean demasiado amplios y que sea necesaria la estral cL Ciclos: Cualquier tendencia repetida, hacia arriba o LCL _ hacia abajo, es anormal y requiere investigacion Cerca de los limites de control 2 de 3 puntos afuera dela linea de 2 sigma’(s) es considerado anormal, 2 de 3 puntos fuera de la linea de 2 sigma" (s) es considerada anormal Referencia: Statistical Methods for Quality Improvement, by Hitoshi Kume, pagina 107-8