Ejercicios 2.2 Impares 1-25. D.

Zill
1-22 resolver las ED por separación de variables.

01.
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(5𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 5𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 5𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
5
𝑑𝑢
𝑦 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑢) ( )
5
1
𝑦 = (− cos(5𝑥)) + 𝑐
5
1
𝑦 = − cos(5𝑥) + 𝑐
5
02.

1
−𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥
− ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 3𝑥
𝑒
𝑢 = 3𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥 → 𝑑𝑥 =
3
1 𝑑𝑢
−𝑦 + 𝑐1 = ∫ ( )
𝑒𝑢 3
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑢 ⋯ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 → 𝑑𝑢 = =
𝑒𝑢 𝑣
1 1 𝑑𝑣 1 1
−𝑦 + 𝑐1 = ∫ ( ) = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑣
3 𝑣 𝑣 3 𝑣
1 1
−𝑦 + 𝑐1 = ( ) + 𝑐2
3 −𝑣
1
−𝑦 + 𝑐1 = − + 𝑐2
3(𝑒 3𝑥 )
1
𝑦= +𝑐
3(𝑒 3𝑥 )

03.

1 𝑑𝑦 4
=
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 4 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑥
 ln (𝑦) + 𝑐1 = 4ln (𝑥) + 𝑐2

𝑒 ln (𝑦) . 𝑒 𝑐1 = 𝑒 4ln (𝑥) . 𝑒 𝑐2

4
𝑦𝑒 𝑐1 = 𝑒 ln (𝑥 ) . 𝑒 𝑐2

𝑦 = 𝑐𝑥 4

04.

𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 3𝑥+2𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2𝑦
𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = 𝑒 3𝑥 ∴ 𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑑𝑥 =
3𝑢
𝑑𝑣
𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑦 ∴ 𝑑𝑣 = 2𝑒 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 → 𝑑𝑦 =
2𝑣
1 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
∫ ( ) = ∫𝑢( )
𝑣 2𝑣 3𝑢
1 𝑑𝑣 1
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑢
2 𝑣2 3
1 1 1
( ) = (𝑢)
2 −𝑣 3
1 1
− 2𝑦
= 𝑒 3𝑥
2𝑒 3
−3𝑒 −2𝑦 = 2𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐

05.

(𝑦 + 1)2
𝑥 2 ln(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑦
𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 + 1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 2 ln(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦
1 1
r = ln (x) → dr = 𝑑𝑥 ⋯ 𝑠 = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑠 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑐0
𝑥 3

∫ 𝑥 2 ln(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑟𝑠 − ∫ 𝑠𝑑𝑟

1 1 𝑥3 1
∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = (ln(𝑥)) ( 𝑥 3 ) − ∫ ( ) ( 𝑑𝑥)
𝑦 3 3 𝑥
 𝑦2 𝑥3 1
+ 2𝑦 + ln(𝑦) = ln(𝑥) − ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2 3 3
𝑦2 𝑥3 𝑥3
+ 2𝑦 + ln(𝑦) = ln(𝑥) − + 𝐶
2 3 9

06.
dy 𝑑𝑥
− =
csc (𝑦) 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥)

− ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑦) dy = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥

1 + cos (2𝑥)
𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥) =
2
1 1
− (−cos(𝑦)) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ cos(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2 2
4 cos(𝑦) = 2𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(2𝑥) + 𝐶

07.

(𝑒 𝑥 + 1)3 (𝑒 𝑦 + 1)2
𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑥 𝑒𝑦
𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 𝑦 + 1)2 (𝑒 + 1)3
𝑒𝑦 𝑒𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑒 𝑦 + 1)2 (𝑒 𝑥 + 1)3
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑠
𝑟 = 𝑒 𝑦 + 1 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦
& 𝑠 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 1 → 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑒 𝑒
𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑟 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑠
∫ ( ) = − ∫ ( )
(𝑟)2 𝑒 𝑦 (𝑠)3 𝑒 𝑥
1 1
∫ 2
𝑑𝑟 = − ∫ 3 𝑑𝑠
𝑟 𝑠
1 1
− + 𝑐1 = − (− 2 ) + 𝑐1
𝑟 𝑠
1 1
− = 𝑥 +𝐶
𝑒𝑦 + 1 (𝑒 + 1)2
08.
1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 𝑑𝑟
𝑘 𝑠
1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 𝑑𝑟
𝑘 𝑠
1
𝑙𝑛|𝑠| + 𝑐1 = 𝑟 + 𝑐2
𝑘
1/𝑘 |
𝑒 ln |𝑠 . 𝑒 𝑐1 = 𝑒 𝑟 . 𝑒 𝑐2
1 𝑘
(𝑠 𝑘 ) = (𝐶𝑒 𝑟 )𝑘

𝑠 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑘𝑟

09.
1
∫ 𝑑𝑝 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑝(1 − 𝑝)
1 𝐴 𝐵
= +
𝑝(1 − 𝑝) 𝑝 1−𝑝
1 = 𝐴(1 − 𝑝) + 𝐵𝑝
1 = 𝐴 − 𝐴𝑝 + 𝐵𝑝
1 = 𝐴 + [𝐵 − 𝐴]𝑝 → 𝐴 = 1 ⋯ 𝐵 − 𝐴 = 0 → 𝐵 = 𝐴
1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑝 + ∫ 𝑑𝑝 = 𝑡 + 𝑐1
𝑝 1−𝑝
ln(𝑝) − 𝑙𝑛(1 − 𝑝) = 𝑡 + 𝐶
𝑝
ln( )
𝑒 1−𝑝 = 𝑒 t. 𝑒 c
𝑝 = (1 − 𝑃)𝐶𝑒 t
𝑃(1 + 𝐶𝑒 t ) = 𝐶𝑒 t
𝐶𝑒 t
𝑝=
1 + 𝐶𝑒 t

10.
𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑥 − 1) + 3(𝑥 − 1)
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑦 − 2) + 4(𝑦 − 2)
 𝑑𝑦 (𝑦 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)
=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 4)(𝑦 − 2)
𝑦−2 𝑥−1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑦+3 𝑥+4
1 1
∫ 1𝑑𝑦 − 5 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 − 5 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦+3 𝑥+4
𝑦 + 𝑐1 − 5𝑙𝑛|𝑦 + 3| + 𝑐2 = 𝑥 + 𝑐3 − 5𝑙𝑛|𝑥 + 4| + 𝑐4
−5 −5
𝑒 𝑦 . 𝑒 𝑙𝑛(𝑦+3) = 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑒 𝑙𝑛(𝑥+4) 𝐶

𝑒 𝑦 (𝑦 + 3)−5 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + 4)−5

𝑒 𝑦 (𝑥 + 4)5 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑥 (𝑦 + 3)5

11.
1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑦 2
√1−𝑦2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 1

1 𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = → 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑑𝑦
y 1

1 𝑥2
∫ (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. 𝑑𝜃) = + 𝑐1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2
𝜃
𝑥2
√1 − 𝑦 2 𝜃 + 𝑐2 = + 𝑐1
2
𝑦
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 1 → 𝜃 = sen−1 𝑦

𝑥2
sen−1 𝑦 = +𝐶
2
𝑥2
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 2 + 𝐶)

23-28 Encontrar una solución Explicita.

12.
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑥2 +1
[𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥] ← 𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 → 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃. 𝑑𝜃
 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 ← ∫ (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃. 𝑑𝜃) = 4𝑡 + 𝑐1
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1

∫ 𝑑𝜃 = 4𝑡 + 𝑐1

𝜃 + 𝑐2 = 4𝑡 + 𝑐1
𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 4𝑡 + 𝐶
𝜋
𝑥 = tan(4𝑡 + 𝐶) 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ( ) = 1 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 …
4
𝜋
1 = tan (4 ( ) + 𝐶)
4
3
𝐶 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 1 − 𝜋 → 𝐶 = − 𝜋
4
3
∴ 𝑥 = tan (4𝑡 − 𝜋)
4

13.
1 1−𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 𝑥
1 1
𝑙𝑛|𝑦| + 𝑐1 = ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
1
𝑙𝑛|𝑦| + 𝑐1 = − + 𝑐2 − 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑐3
𝑥
1
𝑒 𝑙𝑛|𝑦.𝑥| = 𝑒 −𝑥+𝐶
1
𝑒 −𝑥+𝐶
𝑦=
𝑥
1
− +𝐶
𝑒 (−1)
𝑠𝑖 𝑦(−1) = −1 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 … − 1 =
(−1)

1 = 𝑒 1+𝐶 → 𝐶 = 𝑙𝑛1 − 1 = −1
1
−( +1)
𝑒 𝑥
∴𝑦=
𝑥