Universidad de Cuenca Facultad de Ingeniería Estudiante: Carlos José Pacheco Espinoza

Ing. Walter Dután Sep 2021-Feb 2022

Algebra Lineal. Matrices. Determinantes.
Ejercicios resueltos y propuestos 1

⎡ 1 3 a ⎤ ⎡ 1 2 -2 ⎤
1) Si A ≔ ⎢ 2 b -1 ⎥ y B≔⎢3 6 4 ⎥ encontrar a, b y c si A= B T
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ -2 c 3 ⎦ ⎣ 0 -1 3 ⎦

Transpuesta de B ( B T )

⎡ b11 b12 b13 ⎤ ⎡ b11 b21 b31 ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ⎢ T ⎥
B ＝ b21 b22 b23 B ＝ b12 b22 b32 BT ＝A
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ b31 b32 b33 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ b13 b23 b33 ⎥⎦

⎡ 1 3 0⎤ ⎡ 1 3 0 ⎤ a＝0
B = 2 6 -1 ⎥
T⎢ A ＝ ⎢ 2 6 -1 ⎥ b＝6
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ -2 4 3 ⎦ ⎣ -2 4 3 ⎦ c＝4

⎡3 0 1⎤ ⎡0 4 1⎤
2) Si A ≔ ⎢ 1 4 3 ⎥ y B≔ 2 5 1⎥
⎢ T
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ encontrar A T + 2 ⋅ A + 3 ⋅ B T
⎣5 1 2⎦ ⎣ 3 -2 2 ⎦

⎡ a11 a12 a13 ⎤ ⎡ a11 a21 a31 ⎤ ⎡3 1 5⎤ T

⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
A ＝ a21 a22 a23 T
A ＝ a12 a22 a32 A =⎢0 4 1⎥
T
BT ＝B
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ a31 a32 a33 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ a13 a23 a33 ⎥⎦ ⎣1 3 2⎦

⎡ b11 b12 b13 ⎤ ⎡ b11 b21 b31 ⎤ ⎡0 2 3⎤ T

⎡0 4 1⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
B ＝ b21 b22 b23 T
B ＝ b12 b22 b32 B = 4 5 -2 B = ⎢ 2 5 1 ⎥
T⎢ ⎥ T
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ b31 b32 b33 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ b13 b23 b33 ⎥⎦ ⎣1 1 2⎦ ⎣ 3 -2 2 ⎦

⎡ 6 0 2⎤ T
⎡ 0 12 3 ⎤
2⋅A=⎢ 2 8 6⎥ 3⋅B T
= ⎢ 6 15 3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 10 2 4 ⎦ ⎣ 9 -6 6 ⎦

T
⎡ 9 13 10 ⎤
T
A +2⋅A+3⋅B T
= ⎢ 8 27 10 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 20 -1 12 ⎦
 T
3) Si las matrices A y B se pueden sumar, demuestre que ((A + B)) ＝ A T + B T
⎡ a11 a12 a13 ⎤ ⎡ b11 b12 b13 ⎤ ⎡ a11 + b11 a12 + b12 a13 + b13 ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
A ＝ a21 a22 a23 B ＝ b21 b22 b23 A + B ＝ a21 + b21 a22 + b22 a23 + b23
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ a31 a32 a33 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ b31 b32 b33 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ a31 + b31 a32 + b32 a33 + b33 ⎦⎥

⎡ a11 + b11 a21 + b21 a31 + b31 ⎤

T
((A + B) ＝ ⎢ a12 + b12 a22 + b22 a32 + b32 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ a13 + b13 a23 + b23 a33 + b33 ⎦⎥

⎡ a11 a21 a31 ⎤ ⎡ b11 b21 b31 ⎤ ⎡ a11 + b11 a21 + b21 a31 + b31 ⎤
T ⎢ ⎥ T⎢ ⎥ T T ⎢ ⎥
A ＝ a12 a22 a32 B ＝ b12 b22 b32 A + B ＝ a12 + b12 a22 + b22 a32 + b32
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ a13 a23 a33 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ b13 b23 b33 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ a13 + b13 a23 + b23 a33 + b33 ⎦⎥

T
((A + B) ＝ A T + B T Se cumple la propiedad

⎡ a11 4 -3 a14 ⎤
⎢ ⎥
a a22 a23 a24
4) Dada A ≔ ⎢ 21 ⎥ ¿qué condiciones, si existen, deben cumplir los
⎢ a31 6 a33 7 ⎥
⎢⎣ 1 a42 a43 a44 ⎥⎦
coeficientes no definidos aij si la matriz A debe ser simétrica?

⎡ a11 4 -3 a14 ⎤ ⎡ a11 a21 a31 1 ⎤

⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
a a22 a23 a24 4 a22 6 a42
A ＝ ⎢ 21 ⎥ AT ＝⎢ ⎥
⎢ a31 6 a33 7 ⎥ ⎢ -3 a23 a33 a43 ⎥
⎢⎣ 1 a42 a43 a44 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ a14 a24 7 a44 ⎥⎦

Los coeficientes no definidos de la matriz A deberán presentar los mismos valores

de los coeficientes que se obtienen al realizar la transpuesta de la matriz A, tal
como se indica a continuación:
A＝AT
a11 ＝ a11 4 ＝ a21 -3 ＝ a31 a14 ＝ 1

a21 ＝ 4 a22 ＝ a22 a23 ＝ 6 a24 ＝ a42

a31 ＝ -3 6 ＝ a23 a33 ＝ a33 7 ＝ a43

1 ＝ a14 a42 ＝ a24 a43 ＝ 7 a44 ＝ a44

⎡ -4 3 -1 ⎤
5) Dada A ≔ ⎢ -2 4 2 ⎥ encuentre los menores y cofactores de la primera fila de A,
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 10 1 ⎦
y det(A) e inversa de A
Menor y cofactor de la primera fila de A
Fila 1: i=1
⎡ 4 2⎤
Cij ＝ ((-1)) i + j ⋅ Mij M11 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 10 1 ⎥⎦
C11 ＝ (-1) 1 + 1 ⋅ M11 ＝ 1 ⋅ -16 ＝ -16 det ⎛⎝M11⎞⎠ ＝ (4 ⋅ 1) - (10 ⋅ 2) ＝ 4 - 20 ＝ -16

C12 ＝ ((-1) 1 + 2 ⋅ M12 ＝ -1 ⋅ -4 ＝ 4

⎡ -2 2 ⎤
M12 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 1 1 ⎥⎦
C13 ＝ ((-1)) 1 + 3 ⋅ M13 ＝ 1 ⋅ -24 ＝ -24
det ⎛⎝M12⎞⎠ ＝ ((-2 ⋅ 1)) - ((1 ⋅ 2)) ＝ -2 - 2 ＝ -4

⎡ -2 4 ⎤
M13 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 1 10 ⎥⎦
3 det ⎛⎝M13⎞⎠ ＝ (-2 ⋅ 10) - (1 ⋅ 4) ＝ -20 - 4 ＝ -24
det ((A) ＝ ∑ Cij ⋅ aij
j=1

det ((A)) ＝ C11 ⋅ a11 + C12 ⋅ a12 + C13 ⋅ a13 ＝ ((-16 ⋅ -4)) + ((4 ⋅ 3)) + ((-24 ⋅ -1)) ＝ 100

Cofactores de la segunda y tercera fila de A para crear la matriz de cofactores

⎡ 3 -1 ⎤
Fila 2: i=2 M21 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 10 1 ⎥⎦
Cij ＝ (-1) i + j ⋅ Mij det ⎛⎝M21⎞⎠ ＝ (3 ⋅ 1) - (10 ⋅ -1) ＝ 3 - (-10) ＝ 13
⎡ -4 -1 ⎤
C21 ＝ ((-1)) 2 + 1 ⋅ M21 ＝ -1 ⋅ 13 ＝ -13 M22 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 1 1 ⎥⎦
C22 ＝ ((-1)) 2 + 2 ⋅ M22 ＝ 1 ⋅ -4 ＝ -3 det ⎛⎝M22⎞⎠ ＝ ((-4 ⋅ 1)) - ((1 ⋅ -1)) ＝ -4 - ((1)) ＝ -3
⎡ -4 3 ⎤
C23 ＝ ((-1)) 2 + 3 ⋅ M23 ＝ -1 ⋅ -43 ＝ 43 M23 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 1 10 ⎥⎦
det ⎛⎝M23⎞⎠ ＝ (-4 ⋅ 10) - (1 ⋅ 3) ＝ -40 - 3 ＝ -43

⎡ 3 -1 ⎤
M31 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 4 2 ⎥⎦
Fila 3: i=3
det ⎛⎝M31⎞⎠ ＝ ((3 ⋅ 2)) - ((4 ⋅ -1)) ＝ 6 - ((-4)) ＝ 10
Cij ＝ ((-1)) i + j ⋅ Mij
⎡ -4 -1 ⎤
C31 ＝ ((-1)) 3 + 1 ⋅ M31 ＝ 1 ⋅ 10 ＝ 10 M32 ≔ ⎢
⎣ -2 2 ⎥⎦
C32 ＝ (-1) 3 + 2 ⋅ M32 ＝ -1 ⋅ -10 ＝ 10 det ⎛⎝M32⎞⎠ ＝ (-4 ⋅ 2) - (-2 ⋅ -1) ＝ -8 - 2 ＝ -10
⎡ -4 3 ⎤
C33 ＝ ((-1)) 3 + 3 ⋅ M33 ＝ 1 ⋅ -10 ＝ -10 M33 ≔ ⎢
⎣ -2 4 ⎥⎦
det ⎛⎝M33⎞⎠ ＝ ((-4 ⋅ 4)) - ((-2 ⋅ 3)) ＝ -16 - ((-6)) ＝ -10
 Matriz de cofactores

⎡ -16 4 -24 ⎤ ⎡ -16 -13 10 ⎤

C ≔ ⎢ -13 -3 43 ⎥ AdjC ＝ C T C T = ⎢ 4 -3 10 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 10 10 -10 ⎦ ⎣ -24 43 -10 ⎦

⎡ -16 -13 10 ⎤
1 1 ⎢
-1
A ＝ ――― ⋅ AdjC -1
A ＝ ―― ⋅ 4 -4 10 ⎥
det ((A)) 100 ⎢ -24 43 -10 ⎥
⎣ ⎦

⎡ -0.16 -0.13 0.1 ⎤ ⎡ -0.16 -0.13 0.1 ⎤

1
―― ⋅ C = ⎢ 0.04 -0.03 0.1 ⎥
T
A -1
= ⎢ 0.04 -0.03 0.1 ⎥
100 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ -0.24 0.43 -0.1 ⎦ ⎣ -0.24 0.43 -0.1 ⎦

⎡7 3 4⎤ ⎡ sin (t) cos (t) 1 ⎤

6) Evalué los determinantes de A ≔ 1 2 1 y B ≔ ⎢ -cos ((t)) sin ((t)) 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣3 0 2⎦ ⎣ e
t
0 0⎦

Determinante de A

Fila 1: i=1
⎡2 1⎤
Cij ＝ (-1) i + j ⋅ Mij M11 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 0 2 ⎥⎦
C11 ＝ ((-1)) 1 + 1 ⋅ M11 ＝ 1 ⋅ -4 ＝ -4 det ⎛⎝M11⎞⎠ ＝ ((2 ⋅ 2)) - ((0 ⋅ 1)) ＝ 4 - 0 ＝ 4

C12 ＝ ((-1)) 1 + 2 ⋅ M12 ＝ -1 ⋅ -1 ＝ 1

⎡1 1⎤
M12 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 3 2 ⎥⎦
C13 ＝ ((-1)) 1 + 3 ⋅ M13 ＝ 1 ⋅ -6 ＝ -6
det ⎛⎝M12⎞⎠ ＝ ((1 ⋅ 2)) - ((3 ⋅ 1)) ＝ 2 - 3 ＝ -1
⎡1 2⎤
M13 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 3 0 ⎥⎦
3 det ⎛⎝M13⎞⎠ ＝ ((1 ⋅ 0)) - ((3 ⋅ 2)) ＝ 0 - 6 ＝ -6
det ((A)) ＝ ∑ Cij ⋅ aij
j=1

det ((A)) ＝ C11 ⋅ a11 + C12 ⋅ a12 + C13 ⋅ a13 ＝ ((-4 ⋅ 7)) + ((1 ⋅ 3)) + ((-6 ⋅ 4)) ＝ -49

Determinante de B
⎡ sin (t) 0 ⎤
M11 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 0 0 ⎥⎦
Fila 1: i=1
det ⎛⎝M11⎞⎠ ＝ ((sin ((t)) ⋅ 0)) - ((0 ⋅ 0)) ＝ 0 - 0 ＝ 0
i+j
Cij ＝ ((-1)) ⋅ Mij

C11 ＝ ((-1)) 1 + 1 ⋅ M11 ＝ 1 ⋅ 0 ＝ 0

 ⎡ -cos ((t)) 0 ⎤
C12 ＝ ((-1)) 1 + 2 ⋅ M12 ＝ -1 ⋅ 0 ＝ 0 M12 ≔ ⎢ t ⎥
⎣ e 0⎦
det ⎛⎝M12⎞⎠ ＝ ((-cos ((t)) ⋅ 0)) - ⎛⎝e t ⋅ 0⎞⎠ ＝ 0 - 0 ＝ 0
C13 ＝ ((-1)) 1 + 3 ⋅ M13 ＝ 1 ⋅ ⎛⎝-e t ⋅ sin ((t))⎞⎠ ＝ -e t ⋅ sin ((t))

⎡ -cos ((t)) sin ((t)) ⎤

M13 ≔ ⎢ t ⎥
⎣ e 0 ⎦
det ⎛⎝M13⎞⎠ ＝ ((-cos ((t)) ⋅ 0)) - ⎛⎝e t ⋅ sin ((t))⎞⎠ ＝ 0 - e t ⋅ sin ((t)) ＝ -e t ⋅ sin ((t))
3
det ((B)) ＝ ∑ Cij ⋅ bij
j=1

det ((B)) ＝ C11 ⋅ b11 + C12 ⋅ b12 + C13 ⋅ b13 ＝ ((sin ((t)) ⋅ 0)) + ((cos ((t)) ⋅ 0)) + ⎛⎝-e t ⋅ sin ((t)) ⋅ 1⎞⎠ ＝ -e t ⋅ sin ((t))

⎡1 0⎤
⎡1 2 3⎤
7) Dadas las matrices A≔⎢ y B ≔ ⎢ 2 1 ⎥ encontrar AB y BA
⎣ 2 1 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎥
⎣1 1⎦

⎡ (1 ⋅ 1)) + ((2 ⋅ 2)) + ((3 ⋅ 1)) ((1 ⋅ 0)) + ((2 ⋅ 1)) + ((3 + 1)) ⎤ ⎡8 5⎤
A ⋅ B＝⎢ ( A⋅B=⎢
⎣ (2 ⋅ 1) + (1 ⋅ 2) + (1 ⋅ 1) (2 ⋅ 0) + (1 ⋅ 1) + (1 + 1) ⎥⎦ ⎣ 5 2 ⎥⎦

⎡ ((1 ⋅ 1)) + ((0 ⋅ 2)) ((1 ⋅ 2)) + ((0 ⋅ 1)) ((1 ⋅ 3)) + ((0 ⋅ 1)) ⎤ ⎡1 2 3⎤
B ⋅ A ＝ ⎢ ((2 ⋅ 1) + ((2 ⋅ 2) ((2 ⋅ 2) + ((1 ⋅ 1) ((2 ⋅ 3) + ((1 ⋅ 1) ⎥ B⋅A=⎢4 5 7⎥
⎢( ((1 ⋅ 3)) + ((1 ⋅ 1)) ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ (1 ⋅ 1)) + ((1 ⋅ 2)) ((1 ⋅ 2)) + ((1 ⋅ 1)) ⎣3 3 4⎦

8) Encuentre AB,BA,AC,AI,IA y A ⋅ C T

⎡2 1⎤ ⎡ 4 ⎤
⎡ 1 3 -2 ⎤
A≔⎢ B≔ 4 5⎥
⎢ C≔⎢ 1 ⎥
⎣ 0 4 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣1 2⎦ ⎣ -3 ⎦

⎡ (1 ⋅ 2)) + ((3 ⋅ 4)) + ((-2 ⋅ 1)) ((1 ⋅ 1)) + ((3 ⋅ 5)) + ((-2 ⋅ 2)) ⎤ ⎡ 12 12 ⎤
A ⋅ B＝⎢ ( A⋅B=⎢
⎣ ((0 ⋅ 2)) + ((4 ⋅ 4)) + ((1 ⋅ 1)) ((0 ⋅ 1)) + ((4 ⋅ 5)) + ((1 ⋅ 2)) ⎥⎦ ⎣ 17 22 ⎥⎦

⎡ ((2 ⋅ 1)) + ((1 ⋅ 0)) ((2 ⋅ 3)) + ((1 ⋅ 4)) ((2 ⋅ -2)) + ((1 ⋅ 1)) ⎤ ⎡ 2 10 -3 ⎤
B ⋅ A ＝ ⎢ ((4 ⋅ 1)) + ((5 ⋅ 0)) ((4 ⋅ 3)) + ((5 ⋅ 4)) ((4 ⋅ -2)) + ((5 ⋅ 1)) ⎥ B ⋅ A = ⎢ 4 32 -3 ⎥
⎢( (1 ⋅ -2) + (2 ⋅ 1) ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 ⋅ 1) + (2 ⋅ 0) (1 ⋅ 3) + (2 ⋅ 4) ⎣ 1 11 0 ⎦

⎡ (1 ⋅ 4)) + ((3 ⋅ 1)) + ((-2 ⋅ -3)) ⎤ ⎡ 13 ⎤

A ⋅ C＝⎢ ( A⋅C=⎢ ⎥
⎣ ((0 ⋅ 4)) + ((4 ⋅ 1)) + ((1 ⋅ -3)) ⎥⎦ ⎣ 1⎦
 ⎡1 0 0⎤
I1 ≔ ⎢ 0 1 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣0 0 1⎦
⎡ (1 ⋅ 1)) + ((3 ⋅ 0)) + ((-2 ⋅ 0)) ((1 ⋅ 0)) + ((3 ⋅ 1)) + ((-2 ⋅ 0)) ((1 ⋅ 0)) + ((3 ⋅ 0)) + ((-2 ⋅ 1)) ⎤
A ⋅ I1 ＝ ⎢ (
⎣ ((0 ⋅ 1) + ((4 ⋅ 0) + ((1 ⋅ 0) ((0 ⋅ 0) + ((4 ⋅ 1) + ((1 ⋅ 0) ((0 ⋅ 0) + ((4 ⋅ 0) + ((1 ⋅ 1) ⎥⎦

⎡ 1 3 -2 ⎤
A ⋅ I1 = ⎢
⎣ 0 4 1 ⎥⎦

⎡1 0⎤
I2 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 0 1 ⎥⎦

⎡ (1 ⋅ 1)) + ((0 ⋅ 0)) ((1 ⋅ 3)) + ((0 ⋅ 4)) ((1 ⋅ -2)) + ((0 ⋅ 1)) ⎤
I2 ⋅ A ＝ ⎢ (
⎣ ((0 ⋅ 1) + ((1 ⋅ 0) ((0 ⋅ 3) + ((1 ⋅ 4) ((0 ⋅ -2) + ((1 ⋅ 1) ⎥⎦

⎡ 1 3 -2 ⎤
I2 ⋅ A = ⎢
⎣ 0 4 1 ⎥⎦

C T = [[ 4 1 -3 ]]

A ⋅ CT = ?

A ⋅ C T no puede realizarse debido a que C T no cumple con las condiciones para

poder multiplicarse por la matriz A

9)Encuentre los menores, matrices de cofactores y adjunta, el determinante y la inversa,

dada:

⎡3 1 2 ⎤
A ≔ ⎢ 2 -1 1 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 3 -1 ⎦

Menor y cofactor de la primera fila de A

⎡ -1 1 ⎤
Fila 1: i=1 M11 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 3 -1 ⎥⎦
Cij ＝ ((-1)) i + j ⋅ Mij det ⎛⎝M11⎞⎠ ＝ ((-1 ⋅ -1)) - ((3 ⋅ 1)) ＝ 1 - 3 ＝ -2
⎡2 1 ⎤
C11 ＝ ((-1)) 1 + 1 ⋅ M11 ＝ 1 ⋅ -2 ＝ -2 M12 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 1 -1 ⎥⎦
C12 ＝ ((-1)) 1 + 2 ⋅ M12 ＝ -1 ⋅ -3 ＝ 3 det ⎛⎝M12⎞⎠ ＝ ((2 ⋅ -1)) - ((1 ⋅ 1)) ＝ -2 - 1 ＝ -3

C13 ＝ ((-1) 1 + 3 ⋅ M13 ＝ 1 ⋅ 7 ＝ 7

⎡ 2 -1 ⎤
M13 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 1 3 ⎥⎦
det ⎛⎝M13⎞⎠ ＝ ((2 ⋅ 3)) - ((1 ⋅ -1)) ＝ 6 - ((-1)) ＝ 7
 3
det ((A)) ＝ ∑ Cij ⋅ aij
j=1

det ((A)) ＝ C11 ⋅ a11 + C12 ⋅ a12 + C13 ⋅ a13 ＝ ((-2 ⋅ 3)) + ((3 ⋅ 1)) + ((7 ⋅ 2)) ＝ 11

Cofactores de la segunda y tercera fila de A para crear la matriz de cofactores

⎡1 2 ⎤
Fila 2: i=2 M21 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 3 -1 ⎥⎦
Cij ＝ ((-1)) i + j ⋅ Mij det ⎛⎝M21⎞⎠ ＝ ((1 ⋅ -1)) - ((3 ⋅ 2)) ＝ -1 - 6 ＝ -7
⎡3 2 ⎤
C21 ＝ ((-1)) 2 + 1 ⋅ M21 ＝ -1 ⋅ -7 ＝ 7 M22 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 1 -1 ⎥⎦
C22 ＝ (-1) 2 + 2 ⋅ M22 ＝ 1 ⋅ -5 ＝ -5 det ⎛⎝M22⎞⎠ ＝ (3 ⋅ -1) - (1 ⋅ 2) ＝ -3 - 2 ＝ -5
⎡3 1⎤
C23 ＝ ((-1) 2 + 3 ⋅ M23 ＝ -1 ⋅ 8 ＝ -8 M23 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 1 3 ⎥⎦
det ⎛⎝M23⎞⎠ ＝ ((3 ⋅ 3)) - ((1 ⋅ 1)) ＝ 9 - 1 ＝ 8

⎡ 1 2⎤
M31 ≔ ⎢
⎣ -1 1 ⎥⎦
Fila 3: i=3
det ⎛⎝M31⎞⎠ ＝ (1 ⋅ 1) - (-1 ⋅ 2) ＝ 1 - (-2) ＝ 3
Cij ＝ (-1) i + j ⋅ Mij
⎡3 2⎤
C31 ＝ ((-1)) 3 + 1 ⋅ M31 ＝ 1 ⋅ 3 ＝ 3 M32 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 2 1 ⎥⎦
C32 ＝ ((-1)) 3 + 2 ⋅ M32 ＝ -1 ⋅ -1 ＝ 1 det ⎛⎝M32⎞⎠ ＝ ((3 ⋅ 1)) - ((2 ⋅ 2)) ＝ 3 - 4 ＝ -1
⎡3 1 ⎤
C33 ＝ ((-1)) 3 + 3 ⋅ M33 ＝ 1 ⋅ -5 ＝ -5 M33 ≔ ⎢
⎣ 2 -1 ⎥⎦
det ⎛⎝M33⎞⎠ ＝ (3 ⋅ -1) - (2 ⋅ 1) ＝ -3 - 2 ＝ -5

Matriz de cofactores

⎡ -2 3 -5 ⎤ ⎡ -2 7 3 ⎤
C ≔ ⎢ 7 -5 -8 ⎥ AdjC ＝ C T
C = ⎢ 3 -5 1 ⎥
T
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 3 1 -5 ⎦ ⎣ -5 -8 -5 ⎦

⎡ -16 -13 10 ⎤
1 1 ⎢
-1
A ＝ ――― ⋅ AdjC A ＝ ― ⋅ 4 -4 10 ⎥
-1

det ((A)) 11 ⎢ -24 43 -10 ⎥

⎣ ⎦

⎡ -0.182 0.636 0.273 ⎤ ⎡ -0.182 0.636 0.273 ⎤

1
― ⋅ C = ⎢ 0.273 -0.455 0.091 ⎥ = ⎢ 0.273 -0.455 0.091 ⎥
T -1
A
11 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ -0.455 -0.727 -0.455 ⎦ ⎣ 0.636 -0.727 -0.455 ⎦
10) Determine si los siguientes enunciados son verdaderos o falsos. Justifique sus
respuestas

a) (A - B) ⋅ (A + B) ＝ A 2 - B 2 para todas matrices A y B nxn

(A ⋅ A + A ⋅ B - B ⋅ A - B ⋅ B) ≠ A 2 - B 2

((A ⋅ A + A ⋅ B - B ⋅ A - B ⋅ B) ≠ A ⋅ A - B ⋅ B
⎡1 5⎤ ⎡2 4⎤
A≔⎢ B≔⎢
⎣ 9 2 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 6 8 ⎥⎦

⎡ -1 1 ⎤ ⎡ 3 9⎤ ⎡ 1⎤
A-B=⎢ A+B=⎢ ((A - B)) ⋅ ((A + B)) = ⎢ 12
⎣ 3 -6 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 15 10 ⎥⎦ ⎣ -81 -33 ⎥⎦

⎡ 46 15 ⎤ ⎡ 28 40 ⎤ ⎡ 18 -25 ⎤
A2 = ⎢ B2 = ⎢ A2 - B2 = ⎢
⎣ 27 49 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 60 88 ⎥⎦ ⎣ -33 -39 ⎥⎦

((A - B)) ⋅ ((A + B)) ＝ A 2 - B 2 según la demostración anterior esta condición es FALSA.

2
b) ((A ⋅ B)) ＝ A 2 ⋅ B 2 para todas matrices A y B nxn

⎡1 5⎤ ⎡2 4⎤
A≔⎢ B≔⎢
⎣ 9 2 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 6 8 ⎥⎦

⎡ 32 44 ⎤ ⎡ 46 15 ⎤ ⎡ 28 40 ⎤
A⋅B=⎢ A2 = ⎢ B2 = ⎢
⎣ 30 52 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 27 49 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 60 88 ⎥⎦

2 ⎡ 3 3 ⎤
((A ⋅ B)) = ⎢ 2.344 ⋅ 103 3.696 ⋅ 10 3 ⎥
⎣ 2.52 ⋅ 10 4.024 ⋅ 10 ⎦

⎡ 2.188 ⋅ 10 3 3.16 ⋅ 10 3 ⎤
A2 ⋅ B2 = ⎢ 3 3 ⎥
⎣ 3.696 ⋅ 10 5.392 ⋅ 10 ⎦

Con el ejemplo presentado se puede concluir que el enunciado es FALSO

2
c) (A + B) ＝ A 2 + 2 A ⋅ B + B 2 para todas las matrices A y B nxn

(A + B) ⋅ (A + B) ＝ A 2 + 2 A ⋅ B + B 2

A ⋅ A + A ⋅ B + B ⋅ A + B ⋅ B＝A2 + 2 A ⋅ B + B2

A2 + A ⋅ B + B ⋅ A + B2 ＝A2 + 2 A ⋅ B + B2
 A ⋅ B≠B ⋅ A Al no cumplir esta condición se puede concluir que el
enunciado es FALSO

2
d) (A - B) ＝ A 2 - 2 A ⋅ B + B 2 para todas las matrices A y B nxn

(A - B) ⋅ (A + B) ＝ A 2 - 2 A ⋅ B + B 2

A ⋅ A + A ⋅ B - B ⋅ A - B ⋅ B＝A2 - 2 A ⋅ B + B2

A2 + A ⋅ B - B ⋅ A - B2 ＝A2 - 2 A ⋅ B + B2

A ⋅ B≠B ⋅ A Al no cumplir esta condición se puede concluir que el

enunciado es FALSO
T
e) ⎛⎝A T ⋅ B⎞⎠ ＝ B T ⋅ A para todas las matrices A y B nxn
⎡1 2 3⎤ ⎡ 2 -1 3 ⎤ ⎡ 78 73 108 ⎤
A≔⎢4 1 6⎥ B ≔ 5 10 7 ⎥
⎢ B ⋅ A = 67 40 93 ⎥
T ⎢
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣7 8 9⎦ ⎣8 4 1⎦ ⎣ 38 21 60 ⎦

⎡ 2 5 8⎤ ⎡ 78 67 38 ⎤
B = ⎢ -1 10 4 ⎥
T
A ⋅ B = ⎢ 73 40 21 ⎥
T
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 3 7 1⎦ ⎣ 108 93 60 ⎦

⎡ 78 73 108 ⎤
T
⎛⎝A ⋅ B⎞⎠ = ⎢ 67 40 93 ⎥
T
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 38 21 60 ⎦

Con el ejemplo presentado se puede concluir que el enunciado es VERDADERO

T
f) ⎛⎝A T ⋅ B T ⎞⎠ ＝ A ⋅ B para todas las matrices A y B nxn
⎡1 2 3⎤ ⎡ 2 -1 3 ⎤
A≔⎢4 1 6⎥ B ≔ 5 10 7 ⎥
⎢
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣7 8 9⎦ ⎣8 4 1⎦

⎡1 4 7⎤ ⎡ 2 5 8⎤ ⎡ 19 94 31 ⎤ T
⎡ 19 27 27 ⎤
A =⎢2 1 8⎥
T
B = -1 10 4 A ⋅ B = ⎢ 27 76 28 ⎥
T ⎢ ⎥ T T ⎛⎝A T ⋅ B T ⎞⎠ = ⎢ 94 76 138 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣3 6 9⎦ ⎣ 3 7 1⎦ ⎣ 27 138 57 ⎦ ⎣ 31 28 57 ⎦

⎡ 36 31 20 ⎤
A ⋅ B = ⎢ 61 30 25 ⎥ Con el ejemplo presentado se puede concluir que el
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 126 109 86 ⎦ enunciado es FALSO
11) En cada parte, determine si se puede usar la multiplicación de bloques para calcular
A ⋅ B a partir de las particiones dadas. Si es así, calcule el producto mediante la
multiplicación de bloques

⎡ 2 1 4 ⎤
a) ⎡ -1 2 1 5 ⎤ ⎢ -3 ⎡ -1 23 -10 ⎤
5 2 ⎥
A ≔ ⎢ 0 -3 4 2 ⎥ B≔⎢ ⎥ A ⋅ B = ⎢ 37 -13 8⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 7 -1 5 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 5 6 1⎦ ⎣ 29 23 41 ⎦
⎣ 0 3 -3 ⎦

⎡C D⎤
A＝⎢
⎣ E F ⎥⎦

⎡ -1 2 1 ⎤ ⎡5⎤
C≔⎢ D≔⎢ ⎥ E ≔ [[ 1 5 6 ]] F ≔ [[ 1 ]]
⎣ 0 -3 4 ⎥⎦ ⎣2⎦

⎡G H⎤
B ＝⎢
⎣ I J ⎥⎦

⎡ 2 1⎤ ⎡4⎤ ⎡ 7 -1 ⎤ ⎡ 5 ⎤
G≔⎢ H≔⎢ ⎥ I≔⎢ J≔⎢
⎣ -3 5 ⎥⎦ ⎣2⎦ ⎣ 0 3 ⎥⎦ ⎣ -3 ⎥⎦

⎡C⋅G+D⋅I C⋅H+D⋅J⎤
A ⋅ B＝⎢
⎣ E ⋅ G + F ⋅ I E ⋅ H + F ⋅ J ⎥⎦

C⋅G=? D⋅I=? C⋅H=? D ⋅ J = 19

Al no poder realizar la multiplicación de algunas matrices, se concluye que no

se puede utilizar la multiplicación por bloques de una matriz

b)

⎡C⎤
A＝⎢ ⎥
⎣D⎦

⎡ -1 2 1 5 ⎤
C≔⎢ D ≔ [[ 1 5 6 1 ]]
⎣ 0 -3 4 2 ⎥⎦
 B ＝ [[ E F G ]]
⎡ 2 ⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎤ ⎡ 4 ⎤
⎢ -3 ⎥ ⎢ 5 ⎥ ⎢ 2 ⎥
E≔⎢ ⎥ F≔⎢ ⎥ G≔⎢ ⎥
⎢ 7 ⎥ ⎢ -1 ⎥ ⎢ 5 ⎥
⎣ 0 ⎦ ⎣ 3 ⎦ ⎣ -3 ⎦

⎡C⋅E C⋅F C⋅G⎤

A ⋅ B＝⎢
⎣ D ⋅ E D ⋅ F D ⋅ G ⎥⎦

⎡ -1 ⎤ ⎡ 23 ⎤ ⎡ -10 ⎤
C⋅E=⎢ C⋅F=⎢ C⋅G=⎢
⎣ 37 ⎥⎦ ⎣ -13 ⎥⎦ ⎣ 8 ⎥⎦

D ⋅ E = 29 D ⋅ F = 23 D ⋅ G = 41

⎡ -1 23 -10 ⎤
A ⋅ B ＝ 37 -13 8 ⎥
⎢
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 29 23 41 ⎦

⎡ 2 1 4 ⎤
⎡ -1 2 1 5 ⎤ ⎢ -3 ⎡ -1 23 -10 ⎤
5 2 ⎥
A ≔ ⎢ 0 -3 4 2 ⎥ B≔⎢ ⎥ A ⋅ B = ⎢ 37 -13 8⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 7 -1 5 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 5 6 1⎦ ⎣ 29 23 41 ⎦
⎣ 0 3 -3 ⎦