Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Apuntes de Ingles A1-A2
Apuntes de Ingles A1-A2
2012–2013
NEW MACEGOLD
&
CARPE VITAE
Vocabulario_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25
1
CURSO INTRODUCCIÓN NEW MACEGOLD
16/02/2012
A ei B bi C si D di Ei F ef G gi H eich I ai
Pronombres Personales
I yo
You tu
He/She él/ella
It neutro
We nosotros/as
You vosotros/as
They ellos/as
Verbo To Be
I am, You are, He is, She is, It is, We are, You are, They are.
I am a teacher.
You are an employer.
He is a police officer.
She is an office worker.
It is a pen/ It is the pen (Refiriéndose a un boli cualquiera o a uno en concreto)
We are people/ the people (Gente en general, o unas personas en concreto)
You are students.
They are secretaries.
2
20/02/2012
Greetings (Saludos)
Good Morning - Buenos Dias.
Good Afternoon- Para después del medio día.
Good Evening – A partir de las 5 o las 6.
Nice to see you again - Me allegro de volver a verte.
Saludos Informales
How you doing/How are you doing?
What’s going on?
What’s happening?
What’s up?
What’s new?
Introductions
-Hello, how are you?
-I am well/fine/o.k., thank you/thanks. And you?
-I am ok too.
Otras respuestas más informales podrían ser Not Bad, Not too bad, so so (así así), se
usan cuando yo se tiene confianza con el interlocutor. Una situación más formal
podría ser asi:
Despedidas
Good bye/ Bye Bye/ Bye.
See you later/tomorrow.
Good Night – Buenas noches, solo se usa para despedidas.
Despedidas Informales
Take care – Cuidate
Take it easy – Podría traducirse como “que vaya bien”
Cheers (BE)- También se usa para brindar y para decir gracias.
3
Abreviaturas en lenguaje coloquial
I am – i’m
You are – you’re
He Is – he’s
She is – she’s
It is – it’s
We are - we’re
You are – you’re
They are – the’re
Abrevituras en Negativo
I am not/ i’m not
You are not/ you aren´t
He/she/it is not – he/she/it isn’t
We/you/they are not we/you/they aren’t
Abrevituras en Interrogativo
What’s my name? your name? his name? her name? its name? our name? your name?
their name?
21/02/2012
This/That
This – Se utiliza para señalar algo cercano. Su forma plural es these.
That – Se utiliza para señalar algo alejado, su plural es those.
4
También pude usarse con el pronombre personal, Who is he/she?
Si te preguntan por algo que esta cerca del interlocutor pero lejos de ti se adapta:
-What is this?
-This is a Blackboard
23/02/2012
To Have (Tener/tomar) To Do (verbo auxiliar/hacer)
I have a car
You Have a pen
He has a house
She has a book
It has a bone
We have a class
You have a teacher
They have a telephone
Do I have a date? Does he have a table? Does it have a name? Do whe have a clock?
Do you have a pencil? Do they have a radio?
5
27/02/2012
Verbos en present simple
Se debe tener en cuenta que la tercera personal del singular (he/she/it) cambia la
forma del verbo. Como se ha visto en la sección anterior para la forma interrogativa de
la tercera persona del singular no se altera, pero lo hará en su lugar el verbo auxiliar
do.
To Arrive
I arrive
You arrive
He/She/ It arrives
We arrive
You arrive
They arrive
To Begin
I begin
You begin
He/She/ It begins
We begin
You begin
They begin
To Drink
I drink
You drink
He/She/ It drinks
We drink
You drink
They drink
6
To Come (Venir)
I come
You come
He/She/ It comes
We come
You come
They come
To Eat
I eat
You eat
He/She/ It eats
We eat
You eat
They eat
To Leave (Dejar)
I /You leave
He/She/ It leaves
We/You/They leave
To Like
I /You like
He/She/ It likes
We/You/They like
To Live
I /You live
He/She/ It lives
We/You/They live
To Practice
I /You practice
He/She/ It practices
We/You/They practice
To Pronounce
I /You pronounce
He/She/ It pronounces
We/You/They pronounce
7
To Speak
I /You speak
He/She/ It speaks
We/You/They speak
(Se usa para referirse a hablar un idioma, o a hablar a un grupo de gente, como dar
una conferencia)
To Talk
I /You talk
He/She/ It talks
We/You/They talk
To Argue
I /You argue
He/She/ It argues
We/You/They argue
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28/02/2012
Possessives
My Mio
Your Tuyo
His/Her Suyo
Its Suyo neutro
Our nuestro
Your vuestro
Their de ellos
Franjas horarias
In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening.
At Noon/Midday (AE-BE) (Medio dia), At night, At Midnight
Numbers
0 zero/oh (00=double oh) 1 One, 2 two, 3 three, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9
nine, 10 ten.
30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety, 100 one hundred/
a hundred.
1000 One thousand/ a thousand. 2012 two thousand and twelve/ twenty twelve
(20,12 se fracciona la cifra para agilizar pero solo para años.)
I talk a lot with my sister. A lot/lots se usa tanto para cosas contables como no
contables.
05/03/2012 - 06/03/2012
They lisen to the song on the radio (a lisen siempre le sigue to)
I walk in the country on monday (los días de la semana siempre precedidos de on)
(contry se traduce como campo o pais, campo de cultivo o de deporte se dice field)
9
Veces se traduce como times. Dos veces two times, tres veces three times, etc. Una
vez se dice once time.
From X -> To Y (Desde aquí hasta aquí, se usa para preguntar direcciones)
Negatives
I/you don’t
He/she/it doesn’t
We/you/they don’t
The students go to school on Sundays -> The students don’t go to school on Sundays
I don’t do any thing. I don’t want to sing a song. I don’t play any sports.
Interrogative
To be: Am I?, Are you? Is he/she /it? Are we?, Are they?
Are you students? Am i a techaer? What’s your name? who are you?
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Do you like oranges? Does she speak spanish? Do you arrive to the train in time?
Wich hotel?
Where are you?
When do you come?
Where are you coming from?
Interrogative + negative
Don't you like the pizza?
Doesn't he speak spanish?
Presente continuo
Se usa para hablar del momento actual o de planes a corto plazo. No confundir con el
presente simple, que se usa para rutinas o hechos.
To be + ing
I’m speaking/ i’m not speaking
You’re listening / you’re not listening
He/She is playing/ Isn’t playing
I’m sitting/I’m not sitting
You’re listening/ you aren’t listening
Nota: No usar “going to…” ya que es una forma de futuro, El verbo go se conjuga
directo. I’m going home.
11
Interrogativa negativa continua
Aren't you watching tv?
Isn't she drinking?
22/03/2012
Past Simple
To be
I Was
You Were
He/She/It Was
We Were
You Were
They Were
Past Negative
I Wasn’t
You Weren’t
He/She/It Wasn’t
We Weren’t
You Weren’t
They Weren’t
12
I didn’t have plans for holidays.
(El verbo mantiene la forma porque se conjuga el auxiliar Did)
Past Interrogative
Was I? Where you? Was He/She It? Where We/You/They?
13
Adjectives Order 02/04/2012
El sufijo “ish” tras un color forma un nuevo adjetivo: reddish, bluish, greenish, yellowish, orangish... (rojizo, azulado,
verdoso, amarillento, anarajado). Siempre de pequeño a grande: the books is on the table in the room. I have a
test at 10 A.M. on Monday.
Prepositions
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Other Prepositions
From- A present from Jane.
Of- A page of the book, the picture of a palace.
By- A book by Mark Twain.
On- On foot on horseback, Get on the bus.
In- Get in the car.
Off- Get off the train.
Out of- Get out of the taxi.
By- Prices have risen by 10 percent. By car, by bus.
At- She learned Russian at 45.
15
Past continuous 24/04/2012
Se forma con I was/were + ING. Se utiliza para una acción en un tiempo concreto.
-I was camping out in Easter.
-I was watching TV last night.
Para decir que una acción fue interrumpida se necesitan dos acciones, una larga
(was/were + ing) y la que se interrumpe.
-I was taking a shower when you arrived.
-I was watching tv when the kid cried.
Some: Algunos (no sabemos numero exacto). Se usa en contables e incontables. Some
books, some apples, some cats. / Some water, some cake, some paper, some fish,
some money.
Excepciones al plural
Man-Men , Woman-Women, Tooth (diente) – Teeth, Foot-Feet, Mouse-Mice, Shelf
(estante)- Shelves, Leaf- Leves, Loaf (barra)-Loaves.
16
There is/There Are
There is/There Are significa Hay. There is an apple on the table. There are four apples
on the table.
07/05/2012
Para referirse a cosas que hacíamos antes pero ya no se utiliza I used to.
Después de like va ing: She likes buying clothes, She doesn’t like buying food.
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CURSO CARPE VITAE 2012-2013
17/10/2012
Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives
I We I-My We-Our
You You You-Your You-Your
He They He-His They-Their
She She-Her
It It- Its
To be To be abreviado
I Am We Are I’m We’re
You Are You Are You’re You’re
He Is They Are He’s They’re
She Is She’s
It Is It’s
Articles
A boy/ A girl. An Indian/ An eagle.
The house/ The car. The boys/ The Girls.
22/10/2012
To understand- Entender.
To mean- Querer decir, significar.
To know- Saber, Conocer.
I’m Sorry- Lo siento.
Excuse me- Disculpeme.
29/10/2012
Todo lo que acaba en “ción” en español es “tion” en inglés: Constitution, Revelation,
Relation…
El To delante de un verbo denota que está en infinitivo, es equivalente a las formas ar, er, ir del
español. To look, to speak, to walk… para formar el imperativo se suprime el to.
Añadiendo el sufijo “er” a los verbos que son de acción se forma una palabra derivada:
Eat-Eater (comedor), Drin-ker, Wal-ker, Teach-er.
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30/10/2012
To be (negative)
I am not - I'm not We are not - We aren't
You are not - You aren't You are not - You aren't
He is not - He isn't They are not - They aren't
She is not - She isn't
It is not - It isn't
—Are you student?
—Yes I'm student.
—No I'm not a student.
05/11/012 - 18/11/2012
So puede significar así, tan o asi que.
—I don't think so (así).
—That car is so expensive... (tan). Is not so rich -no es tan rico-.
—I was ill so I stayed at home (así que).
26/11/2012
Interrogative - Afirmative - Negative
To be + sujeto + …? Is the school cheap?
Sujeto + to be. The school is cheap.
Negativo + to be. The school is not cheap.
Is the car new? The car is new. The car is not new.
Is the hospital far? The hospital is far. The hospital is not far.
28/11/2012
The car is new (verb adj).
Tat is a new car (adj sustan).
The students are intelligent.
The intelligent students are lazy.
Here/There: Aquí/Allí.
There is/There are: hay (Individual/plural) There is a book, There are books.
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03/12/2012
To do present simple
I do – do not (don't)
You do – do not (don't)
He/She/It does – does not (doesn't)
We/You/They do – do not (don't)
Modal verbs
No utilizan Do como auxiliar:
-To be (ser/estar).
-To have got (tener).
-Can (poder).
-Must (deber -de boligación-).
-May (poder refieriendose a pedir permiso -May I help you?-).
10/12/2012
To have
I have, You have, He/She/It has, we/you/they/have.
Al contrario que have got, si admite auxiliares. To have to significa “tener que”, denota
obligación.
Do you have a car?.
I have to study.
12/12/2012
Cuantitativos
Much – mucho, Many – Muchos.
A lot of – un montón de.
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07/01/2013
Genitivo Sajón (Posesivo)
Al poseedor/es se le añade un apostrofo y una ese:
Jose's car is Blue.
The women's books.
Si la palabra acaba en ese se añade solamente el apostrofo (').
Charles' house.
My brothers' room (la habitacón de mis hermanos).
También se emplea con nombres de animales, nombres de países, ciertas expresiones de tiempo,
espacio, distancia, peso, etc..
The cat's ears (Las orejas del gato).
France's cities (las ciudades de Francia).
Yesterday's meeting (La reunión de ayer).
A mile's walk (Un paseo de una milla).
Se debe tener en cuenta que el uso del genetivo puede cambiar el sentido de la frase.
John and Ann's cars (Los coches son de ambos).
John's and Ann's cars (Cada uno tiene su propio coche).
14/01/2013
El sufijo “ly” esquivale a “mente”: completely, honestly, boringly.
Plus se usa para sumas de numeros: six plus five equals eleven.
También puede ser sinonimo de además. I have a car and plus I have a motorbike.
16/01/2013
Hours
Seven o clock, Quarter to eight, Half past eight, Quarter past six, Ten past four.
22
18/02/2013
Prepositions
To = a. To the = al, a la, a los, a las... To the cinema, to the church.
Of = de. The = El/la Los/las.
In: years, months, seasons, week, moring.
On: days, dates.
At: night, time (clock), festivals (christmas, easter, halloween...)
04/03/2013
Object Pronouns
I-Me We-Us
You-You You-You
He-Him They-Them
She-Her
It- It
25/03/2013
To be (past simple)
I was, You where, He/She/It was, You where, They where.
25/03/2013 - B1
Nota: going to como forma de futuro proximo, similar a “voy a” , “va a”, “vamos a”...
I'm going to watch a film. I'm going to go shopping on Saturday.
Are you going to go shopping? What are you going to buy?
He is going to leave his jobs.
We are going to boy a house near the beach.
So do I: Yo también. Neither do I: Yo tampoco. Oh, I do: yo sí. Oh, I'm not/I don't: Yo no.
1)I love travelling. 2)I don't go out much. 3)I don't like cycling. 4)I'm a vegetarian.
El “do” cambia con la forma verbal: So does she, So do we... o con el tiempo:
—They danced —So did I.
—We went out for a walk. —So did we
El “do” se cambia por los vervos can y be: -I can't swim -Neihter can I. -She is tall -So am I.
“Do”También debe adaptarse a formas como will y woul:
-They would do it if they could. -So would we. (Ellos lo harían si pudieran. Nosotros también).
23
28/03/2013 – B1
Adjetivos
Towns/Cities People Weather Food
Bride significa “novia” y Groom “novio” pero solo durante la ceremonioa. Antes son boyfriend
y girlfriend, y después Husband y Wife.
10/04/2013 – B1
Let's + verbo = imperativo plural
Let's go = vamos, Let's drink = vevamos, Let's play = juguemos.
03/05/2013
Link words
In spite of – a pesar de, no obstante. Although – a pesar de que, aunque.
Instead of – en vez de. But – pero. While – mientras. Then – entonces.
After – despues. Before – antes. With – con. Without – sin. However – sin embargo.
22/05/2013
Once time, twice time, three times, four times...
Get wet = mojarse.
24
NACIONALIDADES E IDIOMAS
DIRECCIONES Y UBICACIONES
Go along: Seguir a lo largo. Go along this road.
Turn: Girar. Turn left, Turn right.
Over there: Por ahí.
Near the cinema, Next to the cinema. Opposite the cinema. In this street/ on this.
On the left/right.
MEDIDAS DE TIEMPO
Días de la semana (Days of the week): Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,
Friday, Saturday, Sunday. Los días se dicen siempre preceididos de “on”: On Sunday,
On Monday.
Meses del año (Months of the year): January, February, March, April, May, June, July,
August, September, October, November, December. Los meses llevan delante “in”.
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Estaciones del año (Seasons of the year): Spring, Summer, Autumn/Fall, Winter
HOGAR Y MOBILIARIO
Air Conditioning - Aire acond.
Balcony - Balcon
Bath-Room - Cuarto de baño
Bed-Room - Dormitorio
Beed - Cama
Ceiling – Techo Cellar sotano
Chair - Silla
Clock - Reloj
Closet - Armario grande
Cooker (BE) – Cocina
(electrodoméstico)
Cupboard - Armario superior
Desk - Escritorio
Dining-Room - Comedor
Door – Puerta
Floor - Suelo
Hall - Vestibulo
Hallway - Pasillo
Heater - Calentador
Kitchen - Cocina
Living-Room - Sala de estar
Micro Wave oven -
Microhondas
Office - Despacho
Oven - Horno
Refrigerator - Nevera
Roof - Tejado
Room - Habitación
Stove (AE) - Cocina
(electrodoméstico)
Terrace - Terraza
Toilet - Servicio Publico
Upstairs/downstairs: Piso
de arriba, piso de abajo.
Wall - Muro
Wardrobe - Armario ropero
Window – Ventana
Yard (BE) – Terraza
26
VESTUARIO
Boots - Botas
Coat - Abrigo
Jacket - Chaqueta
Pants - Pantalones
Pullover - Jersey
Shirt - Camisa
Shoes - Zapatillas
Sweater - Jersey
Trousers - Pantalones
T-Shirt – Camiseta
Vest: chaleco
FAMILIA
Aunt - Tía
Brother - Hermano
Cousin/e – Primo/a
Childrens - Niños,
Hijos/as
Daugther - Hija
Father – Padre
Grand Mother, Grand
Father – Abuela/o
Grand Daugther,
Grand Son – Nieta/o
Mother - Madre
Niece - Sobrina
Nephew - Sobrino
Parents - Padre y
Madre
Sibling: hermano/a
Sister - Hermana
Son - Hijo
Uncle - Tío
PROFESIONES/ TRABAJO
Aide: Ayudante
Attendant/Dependent/Shop assitant: Dependiente
Clerk: Secretario, administrativo
Clerical work: Trabajo de oficina.
Civil Servant: Funcionario
Daycare: Guardería
Engineer: Ingeniero
Firefigther: Bombero
Housewife: Ama de casa
Mason: Albañil
27
CUERPO
Cheek: mejilla. Shoulder: hombro. Elbow: codo. Navel: ombligo. Wrist: muñeca. Nail: uña.
Knee: rodilla. Ankle: tobillo. Heel: talón. Waist: cintura. Toe: dedo del pie. Forehead: frente.
Chin: barbilla. Bottom: trasero.
Head, hair, face, nose, mouth, eye, ear, neck, arm, palm, finger, chest, leg, foot/feet, tooth,
tongue, back, hand, nose.
EXPRESSIONS
of course not por supuesto que no
that's fine está bien; no pasa nada
that's right es verdad
sure claro
certainly seguramente
definitely definitivamente
absolutely absolutamente
28
Where shall we meet? Shall funciona igual “do”. Es un futuro.
What time shall we meet? Shall = “tener que” o “deber de”
- Have a bun in the oven. Literalmente dejar un bollo en el horno, significa dejar embarazada a
una chica.
- Have you ever es una frase hecha que se usa como “¿Alguna vez has...?”.
Have you ever drive a car?
- Have you heard? Has oido?/Te has enterado?
- Bide one's time: Esperar el momento oportuno.
- Take it Easy: Tomalo con calma.
- I'm rooting for you: Te estoy apoyando.
- Free will: libre albedrío
- My own free will: Mi propia voluntad
Phrasal Verbs
find out: averiguar
get up: levantarse
go up: subir
look after: cuidar
look at: mirar de reojo
look for: buscar
see to: vigiliar
show off: presumir, pavonearse, mostrar
stand up: levantarse
SUSTANTIVOS
Aim: Objetivo.
ATM: Cajero automático (“ei-ti-em”), también llamado cash point.
Behavior: Comportamiento.
Burden: Carga.
Burial: Entierro, sepultura.
Bystander: Espectador.
Commitment: Compromiso.
Copper: Cobre.
Country : Campo, País.
Demise: Muerte, fallecimiento.
29
Expenses: gastos.
Farwell: despedida.
Fiance & Fiancee: Prometido y prometida (en matrimonio).
Field ; Campo de cultivo, deporte o profesión
Fluke: casualidad.
Folks: gente.
Fright: susto.
Kind: tipo.
Kindness: amabilidad.
Half: Media, mitad.
Light: Luz, fuego mechero.
Lighter: Mechero.
Motorway: autopista
Output: Salida, producción
Parcel: paquete.
Pickpocket: carterista
Pineapple: piña.
Rubbish: comida.
Sightseeing: turismo.
Sorrow: dolor, tristeza, pena, pesar.
Spark: chispazo
Square: Plaza
Token: Ficha, simbolo
vow: voto
Warm: Calido
Wit: Ingenio
Whole: todo, entero
Witness: Testigo
Youth: juventud
ADJETIVOS
Adamant: firme
Awful: Horrible
Both: ambos, los dos
Burdened: Agobiado
Comfy: confortable, cómodo.
Engaged: Comprometido/a (de matrimonio). Ocupado.
Damp: húmedo, mojado
Dependable: Digno de confianza
Frail: fragil
Frightening: Aterrador.
Hooked: Enganchado
Kind: amable
Light: Ligero
Loud: ruidoso
Mild: templado (temperatura y carácter), apacible.
Odd: Impar, raro
Prone: propenso
Self-centred: Egoísta.
30
Selfish: egoísta
Side trip: Excursión
Square: cuadrado
Tough: duro, difícil
Weary: Cansado, fatigado
Worthy: Digno
VERBOS
Annoy: Molestar
Bide: Permanecer
Commission: Encargar
Conceive: Concebir
Encompass: Abarcar
Erode: Erosionar
Facing: Enfrentar
Hesitate: Dudar, vacilar
Inherit: Heredar
Overdo: Exagerar
Pronate: Poner boca abajo
Reach: alcanzar
Regard: Considerar
Release: Liberar. También lanzamiento (en el sentido de lanzar al mercado) o estreno.
Settle: Resolver, establecerse
Sort: Ordenar, clasificar
Squeeze: Exprimir, apretar
Struggle: luchar, esforzarse
Suit: Acoplar, convenir
Swap: Intercambiar
Trace: Rastrear
Unleash: liberar, desatar, soltar
Vexing: Fastidiar, irritar
Witness: Testifar
Warn: Advertir
Wonder: Preguntase (a uno mismo), maravillarse. I wonder if I did right.
Yell: Gritar.
ADVERBIOS
Already: ya
Quite: bastante
Likewise: Igualmente
Perhaps: quizás
Twice: dos veces
OTROS
Indeed: En efecto / Indeed yes!: Claro que sí!
Should: Debería
So that: para que
Though: Aunque
Won't (will not)
31
ABOUT GET
When we use 'get' with a direct object (non our pronoun) it often -a menudo- means
recive, obtain, fetch, catch, give or something similar.
Alice got a Valentine form a secret admirer (Recibió).
Can I get you a refill -recambio-? (Ofrecer).
He gets the train to work (“Atrapó” en el sentido de que alcanzó ).
Would you mind getting the kids after school? I have to wor late tonight.
(Cuidar, hacerse cargo)
When we use 'get' with and object + adjective, it means make someone o something
become.
Let's get this show stated.
You need to get this room tidy before you go out.
Get often means travel and when we use get before a word like up, out, away, etc. it
usually means movement of some kind. For example:
What time do you get thome usually?.
We need to get off the bus the next stop. (Bajarse)
When she gets back from work, she likes to wath tv for a bit. (Return, come back)
Do you know how to get to the cinema from here? (Arrive)
When we use get with a past participle (driven, eatem spoken) it often has a reflexive
meaning (something that we di to ourselves -nosotros mismos-).
They are getting married next month. (Van a casarse).
She gets dressed really quickly in the morning. (Se viste).
You need to get washed before you go to bed. (Lavarte).
ABOUT SUCH
Such como adjetivo puede significar tal, semejante o parecido. También tanto.
This material is of such importance that it has a powerful bearing on the case.
(Este material es de tal importancia que tiene una influencia poderosa sobre el caso.)
There is no such thing as a free lunch.
(no hay tal cosa como un almuerzo gratis)
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ABOUT INFINITIVE
El infinitivo va normalmente precedido de la partícula 'to' (To be, to run, to eat..). El
infinitivo expresa el significado del verbo de una manera general, sin referencia a
tiempo alguno.
El infinitivo puede ser usado solo (suele ser imperativo) o como parte de una frase de
infinitivo.
Run! / We began to run.
Puede ser usado sin 'to' después de 'do' o de un verbo modal auxiliar como 'must',
'may', 'might', etc.
I might go to the pub after dinner.
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