Tablas Definitivas

Tabla Título
T1 Formas Reducidas IDH
A1 Formas Reducidas IDH (cont. Geo adicionales)
A2 Formas Reducidas LY (cont. Geo adicionales)
A3 Formas Reducidas PTF (cont. Geo adicionales)
A4 Formas Reducidas Artículos (cont. Geo adicionales)
A5 Formas Reducidas Pob + OPEN (cont. Geo adicionales)
T2 MC2E A1 con EFC - IDH
A6 MC2E A1 con EFC - LY, PTF, Artículos

A11 MC2E A1 sin EFC - IDH, LY, PTF, Artículos

T7 MC2E A1 Lewbel con EFC - IDH
A16 MC2E A1 Lewbel sin EFC - IDH

A21 MC2E A1 Lewbel con EFC, sin DGP - IDH
Descripción
OLS de IDH; gendiv vs. cada áreas institucional (3 regresiones por c/u:
base, con controles geo y controles geo + ECF
Igual que anterior, se incluyen 4 regresiones controlando por: ecología

malaria, salida al mar, % pob tropical, % pob templado (7 reg en total)
Igual que anterior, cambian variable dependiente
OLS para las cuatro medidas de desarrollo, manteniendo A1 en todas y

cambiando instrumento por población y openness
MC2E usando IDH y A1 como medida de instituciones, con controles

básicos, controles geográficos extendidos (humid, temp, rec. Nat.), EFC
y controles institucionales de Ang. Dos paneles: (i) Segunda etapa,
mostrando controles de Ang (ii) Primera etapa, mostrando controles
básicos
Igual que anterior, cambia instituciones a A2
MC2E usando medidas alternativas de desarrollo y A1 como medida de

instituciones. Incluye cont básicos, cont geográficos extendidos, EFC y
controles institucionales de Ang. No se muestra la primera etapa, ni
coeficientes de cont Ang. Tres paneles: uno para cada medida de
desarrollo
Igual que anterior, se agrega un panel para IDH, se excluyen EFC y usa
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
Objetivo
Validar estrategia de identificación con DGP
Robustez estrategia identificación con DGP
Validar estrategia de identificación con DGP para otras medidas de desarrollo
Probar otra estrategia de identificación para A1
Medir impacto A1 sobre desarrollo (IDH), comprobar calidad EI con primera

etapa, probar robustez a controles institucionales

Medir impacto A1 sobre otras medidas de desarrollo

Comparar resultados al remover EFC

Medir impacto sobre IDH al agregar instrumentos generados, comparar con EI

original
original
original
original
original
Comparar resultados al sólo utilizar instrumentos generados
Resultados Conclusiones
TABLA 1
Diversidad Genética Precolonial Cuadrática y Áreas Institucionales. Carrera de caballos
Sistema jurídico y Libertad para el
Tamaño del Gobierno Estabilidad Monetaria Regulaciones
derechos de propiedad Comercio Internacional
(1) (3) (4) (6) (7) (9) (10) (12) (13)
Variable dependiente es Índice de Desarrollo Humano
DGP - Término Lineal 1.411 1.681 0.962 0.754 0.002 -0.687 -0.048 -1.061 1.015
[4.434] [5.093] [4.329] [5.077] [3.926] [5.264] [3.772] [5.411] [4.009]
DGP - Término cuadrático -1.463 -1.681 -1.017 -0.722 -0.065 0.58 0.028 1.108 -1.05
[3.328] [3.740] [3.237] [3.690] [2.913] [3.778] [2.796] [3.889] [2.975]
Área Institucional1 0.035 0.002 0.259** 0.336*** 0.167*** 0.152** 0.333*** 0.231*** 0.126**
[0.009] [0.008] [0.010] [0.006] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.006] [0.007]
Años de escolaridad 0.598*** 0.528*** 0.475*** 0.406*** 0.572*** 0.480*** 0.462*** 0.438*** 0.559***
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005]
Individualismo 0.038 0.039 0.002 -0.034 0.003 0.027 0.002 -0.023 0.003
[0.000] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000]
Fraccionalización etnolingüística -0.296*** -0.250*** -0.295*** -0.251*** -0.296*** -0.278*** -0.329*** -0.306*** -0.316***
[0.035] [0.047] [0.033] [0.047] [0.033] [0.041] [0.029] [0.047] [0.033]
Latitud 0.169** 0.036 0.087 -0.038 0.140* -0.077 0.057 0.017 0.162**
[0.064] [0.094] [0.059] [0.071] [0.059] [0.078] [0.052] [0.086] [0.058]
Observaciones 74 69 74 69 73 68 74 69 74
F 60.86 74.42 63.23 91.3 72.238 58.297 87.849 74.606 64.913
R cuadrado 0.862 0.942 0.879 0.961 0.882 0.955 0.909 0.957 0.871
R cuadrado ajustado 0.847 0.91 0.866 0.94 0.869 0.93 0.899 0.934 0.857
Controles geográficos extendidos No Sí No Sí No Sí No Sí No
Efectos continentales fijos No Sí No Sí No Sí No Sí No
Nota: En esta tabla se demuestra, mediante modelos de formas reducidas con MCO, que la Diversidad Genética Precolonial (DGP) no tiene un impacto estadísticamente significativo sobre el
desarrollo económico contemporáneo, medido a través del Índice de Desarrollo Humano, al competir individualmente con las cinco áreas institucionales del índice EFW y someterse a un
conjunto de controles básicos que comprenden años de escolaridad, una medida de individualismo (Hofstede, 2001), fraccionalización etnolingüística y latitud. Los resultados se mantienen al
incluir un grupo de controles geográficos extendidos, que incluyen medidas de temperatura, humedad y disponibilidad de recursos naturales, y efectos fijos continentales. Los coeficientes
reportados son estandarizados y en corchetes se encuentran los errores estándar robustos a heterocedasticidad.
* denota significancia estadística al 10 por ciento
** denota significancia estadística al 5 por ciento
*** denota significancia estadística al 1 por ciento
Regulaciones
(15)
0.254
[5.083]
-0.292
[3.605]
0.144***
[0.007]
0.489***
[0.005]
-0.015
[0.001]
-0.274***
[0.043]
-0.039
[0.084]
69
94.001
0.953
0.927
Sí
Sí
ente significativo sobre el
EFW y someterse a un
resultados se mantienen al
tales. Los coeficientes
Diversidad Genética Precolonial C
Sistema jurídico y derech
Tamaño del Gobierno
propiedad
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Variable dependiente es Ingreso per Cápita
DGP - Término Lineal 1.905 3.974 6.755*** 1.431
[46.192] [58.529] [54.334] [40.911]
DGP - Término cuadrático -2.009 -4.037 -6.675** -1.553
[34.367] [43.774] [40.583] [30.597]
Área Institucional 0.076 0.053 -0.012 0.382***
[0.090] [0.099] [0.102] [0.095]
Años de escolaridad 0.434*** 0.481*** 0.440*** 0.253**
[0.047] [0.051] [0.046] [0.054]
Individualismo 0.122 -0.028 0.034 0.076
[0.005] [0.008] [0.007] [0.005]
Fraccionalización etnolingüística -0.227*** -0.219*** -0.082 -0.225***
[0.312] [0.363] [0.414] [0.305]
Latitud 0.265** 0.346** 0.213 0.143
[0.687] [0.979] [1.034] [0.619]
Observaciones 74 73 69 74
F 44.963 37.301 47.281 49.88
R cuadrado 0.787 0.865 0.901 0.822
R cuadrado ajustado 0.765 0.81 0.847 0.803
Controles geográficos extendidos No Sí Sí No
Efectos continentales fijos No No Sí No
TABLA 1
Genética Precolonial Cuadrática y Áreas Institucionales. Carrera de caballos
Sistema jurídico y derechos de Libertad para el Comercio
Estabilidad Monetaria
propiedad Internacional
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
3.726* 5.218** 0.837 3.352 4.596* 0.466 1.46

[46.885] [49.714] [42.822] [52.092] [51.929] [41.684] [52.553]
-3.814* -5.078** -0.966 -3.415 -4.613* -0.55 -1.482
[35.041] [36.897] [31.706] [38.431] [37.496] [30.963] [38.554]
0.501*** 0.478*** 0.198*** 0.144* 0.140* 0.390*** 0.348***
[0.057] [0.062] [0.045] [0.049] [0.050] [0.054] [0.051]
0.282*** 0.266*** 0.410*** 0.446*** 0.398*** 0.275*** 0.347***
[0.049] [0.040] [0.048] [0.054] [0.056] [0.047] [0.049]
-0.126 -0.074 0.087 -0.022 0.016 0.09 -0.1
[0.006] [0.005] [0.005] [0.008] [0.006] [0.004] [0.007]
-0.243*** -0.085 -0.237*** -0.243*** -0.125 -0.264*** -0.289***
[0.292] [0.389] [0.306] [0.351] [0.395] [0.249] [0.290]
0.151 0.11 0.219** 0.236 0.098 0.131 0.236
[0.807] [0.803] [0.621] [0.894] [0.952] [0.555] [0.921]
73 69 73 72 68 74 73
44.414 45.576 63.016 36.367 43.101 75.015 53.119
0.912 0.941 0.818 0.878 0.915 0.849 0.902
0.876 0.908 0.798 0.827 0.867 0.833 0.862
Sí Sí No Sí Sí No Sí
No Sí No No Sí No No
para el Comercio
Regulaciones
ernacional
(12) (13) (14) (15)
3.326 1.689 3.309 4.958*

[56.013] [41.818] [52.768] [54.737]
-3.175 -1.79 -3.356 -4.904**
[40.840] [31.126] [39.192] [39.727]
0.272*** 0.152** 0.170** 0.160**
[0.059] [0.071] [0.072] [0.081]
0.334*** 0.387*** 0.431*** 0.397***
[0.045] [0.053] [0.058] [0.056]
-0.042 0.089 -0.072 -0.03
[0.006] [0.005] [0.008] [0.007]
-0.150* -0.250*** -0.242*** -0.111
[0.404] [0.319] [0.317] [0.395]
0.192 0.255** 0.262* 0.132
[0.964] [0.657] [0.964] [0.995]
69 74 73 69
45.808 52.266 37.266 53.202
0.922 0.797 0.879 0.914
0.879 0.775 0.829 0.868
Sí No Sí Sí
Sí No No Sí
TABLA X
Carrera de Caballos entre Diversidad Genética Precolonial Cuadrática y Áreas Institucio
(1) (2) (3)
Panel A. Tamaño del Gobierno
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 1.905 3.974 6.755***
[46.192] [58.529] [54.334]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -2.009 -4.037 -6.675**
[34.367] [43.774] [40.583]
Tamaño del Gobierno (1985-2000) 0.076 0.053 -0.012
[0.090] [0.099] [0.102]
Observaciones 74 73 69
R cuadrado ajustado 0.765 0.81 0.847
Panel B. Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 1.431 3.726* 5.218**
[40.911] [46.885] [49.714]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -1.553 -3.814* -5.078**
[30.597] [35.041] [36.897]
Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad 0.382*** 0.501*** 0.478***
[0.095] [0.057] [0.062]
Panel C. Estabilidad Monetaria
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 0.837 3.352 4.596*
[42.822] [52.092] [51.929]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -0.966 -3.415 -4.613*
[31.706] [38.431] [37.496]
Estabilidad monetaria 0.198*** 0.144* 0.140*
[0.045] [0.049] [0.050]
Panel D. Liberta para el Comercio Internacional
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 0.466 1.46 3.326
[41.684] [52.553] [56.013]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -0.55 -1.482 -3.175
[30.963] [38.554] [40.840]
Libertad para el comercio internacional 0.390*** 0.348*** 0.272***
[0.054] [0.051] [0.059]
Panel E. Regulaciones
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 1.689 3.309 4.958*
[41.818] [52.768] [54.737]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -1.79 -3.356 -4.904**
[31.126] [39.192] [39.727]
Regulaciones 0.152** 0.170** 0.160**
[0.071] [0.072] [0.081]
Controles básicos Sí Sí Sí
Controles geográficos extendidos No Sí Sí
Efectos continentales fijos No No Sí
Dummy sin salida al mar No No No
Ecología de la malaria No No No
Porcentaje de la población que vive en zonas tropicales No No No
Porcentaje de la población que vive en zonas templadas No No No
y Áreas Institucionales contra Ingreso per Cápita
(4) (5) (6) (7)
6.737*** 6.618** 6.697** 6.929***

[54.732] [54.502] [58.632] [55.975]
-6.650** -6.549** -6.623** -6.815**
[40.878] [40.689] [43.311] [41.558]
-0.012 -0.011 -0.012 -0.011
[0.105] [0.103] [0.103] [0.103]
69 69 69 69
0.843 0.844 0.843 0.845
5.086** 5.187** 4.953* 5.198**

[50.658] [50.280] [55.803] [48.712]
-4.915** -5.050** -4.835* -5.060**
[37.779] [37.362] [41.155] [36.295]
0.493*** 0.476*** 0.481*** 0.479***
[0.062] [0.063] [0.063] [0.063]
69 69 69 69
0.909 0.906 0.906 0.906
4.556* 4.597* 4.709* 4.714*

[52.266] [52.411] [58.699] [54.049]
-4.563* -4.613* -4.717* -4.704*
[37.759] [37.877] [41.731] [38.750]
0.140* 0.141* 0.139* 0.141*
[0.050] [0.052] [0.051] [0.050]
68 68 68 68
0.864 0.864 0.864 0.865
3.217 3.305 2.254 3.429

[55.765] [56.374] [62.121] [57.305]
-3.048 -3.159 -2.165 -3.267
[40.508] [41.174] [45.074] [41.737]
0.276*** 0.269*** 0.298*** 0.269***
[0.058] [0.062] [0.057] [0.061]
69 69 69 69
0.877 0.877 0.88 0.877
4.791* 4.939* 5.208* 5.168*

[55.298] [55.321] [59.033] [57.946]
-4.716* -4.888* -5.129* -5.072*
[40.131] [40.186] [42.482] [41.814]
0.169** 0.158** 0.166** 0.165**
[0.077] [0.082] [0.081] [0.081]
69 69 69 69
0.866 0.865 0.865 0.867
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí No No No
No Sí No No
No No Sí No
No No No Sí
TABLA X
Carrera de Caballos entre Diversidad Genética Precolonial Cuadrática y Áreas
Institucionales contra Índice de Desarrollo Humano
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
DGP - Término lineal 1.411 3.306 1.681 1.644 1.399 1.533
[4.434] [5.789] [5.093] [5.122] [5.095] [5.467]
DGP - Témino cuadrático -1.463 -3.343 -1.681 -1.627 -1.421 -1.548
[3.328] [4.354] [3.740] [3.770] [3.738] [3.991]
Tamaño del Gobierno (1985-2000) 0.035 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.003 0.002
[0.009] [0.010] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008]
Observaciones 74 73 69 69 69 69
R cuadrado ajustado 0.847 0.87 0.91 0.909 0.913 0.908
[4.329] [5.238] [5.077] [5.184] [5.176] [5.542]
[3.237] [3.917] [3.690] [3.802] [3.777] [4.020]
Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad 0.259** 0.346*** 0.336*** 0.353*** 0.326*** 0.339***
[0.010] [0.007] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
DGP - Término lineal 0.002 1.671 -0.687 -0.76 -0.697 -0.821
[3.926] [5.306] [5.264] [5.461] [5.340] [5.873]
DGP - Témino cuadrático -0.065 -1.697 0.58 0.673 0.586 0.705
[2.913] [3.901] [3.778] [3.952] [3.835] [4.176]
Estabilidad monetaria 0.167*** 0.143** 0.152** 0.153** 0.143** 0.153**
[0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
DGP - Término lineal -0.048 0.915 -1.061 -1.219 -1.147 -2.149
[3.772] [5.302] [5.411] [5.449] [5.528] [5.956]
DGP - Témino cuadrático 0.028 -0.903 1.108 1.293 1.175 2.134
[2.796] [3.895] [3.889] [3.921] [3.984] [4.271]
Libertad para el comercio internacional 0.333*** 0.266*** 0.231*** 0.238*** 0.222*** 0.258***
[0.005] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
[4.009] [5.323] [5.083] [5.332] [5.267] [5.374]
[2.975] [3.940] [3.605] [3.818] [3.758] [3.793]
Regulaciones 0.126** 0.144** 0.144*** 0.156*** 0.134*** 0.147***
[0.007] [0.008] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
Controles básicos Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
Controles geográficos extendidos No Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
Efectos continentales fijos No No Sí Sí Sí Sí
Dummy sin salida al mar No No No Sí No No
Ecología de la malaria No No No No Sí No
Porcentaje de la población que vive en zonas
No No No No No Sí
tropicales
Porcentaje de la población que vive en zonas
No No No No No No
templadas
Descripción
ática y Áreas
(7)
1.551
[5.080]
-1.576
[3.734]
0.002
[0.008]
69
0.909
0.402
[4.622]
-0.42
[3.379]
0.354***
[0.006]
69
0.942
-0.816
[5.263]
0.681
[3.753]
0.151**
[0.005]
68
0.93
-1.432
[4.999]
1.438
[3.610]
0.241***
[0.005]
69
0.934
0.181
[4.952]
-0.233
[3.513]
0.142***
[0.007]
69
0.926
Sí
Sí
Sí
No
No
No
Sí
TABLA X
Carrera de Caballos entre Diversidad Genética Precolonial Cuadrática y Áreas Institucional
Factores
(1) (2) (3)
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 3.392 5.305* 3.776
[39.496] [56.541] [56.483]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -3.494 -5.296* -3.956
[29.786] [42.556] [42.966]
Tamaño del Gobierno (1985-2000) 0.106 0.093 0.058
[0.080] [0.092] [0.105]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 3.404* 5.535** 2.65
[36.857] [47.065] [45.749]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -3.561* -5.598** -2.809
[27.725] [35.291] [34.262]
Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad 0.280** 0.478*** 0.497***
[0.090] [0.062] [0.062]
[33.556] [47.672] [49.597]
[25.076] [35.121] [36.094]
Estabilidad monetaria 0.209*** 0.178** 0.194**
[0.042] [0.046] [0.044]
[28.796] [45.220] [50.597]
[21.643] [33.232] [37.034]
Libertad para el comercio internacional 0.386*** 0.370*** 0.334***
[0.045] [0.042] [0.048]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 3.390* 5.290** 3.204
[32.664] [47.377] [49.979]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -3.524* -5.325** -3.508
[24.407] [35.183] [36.434]
Regulaciones 0.116* 0.143* 0.168**
[0.064] [0.074] [0.074]
Áreas Institucionales contra Productividad Total de los
(4) (5) (6) (7)
3.798 3.694 4.493 3.84

[57.289] [57.027] [60.678] [56.485]
-3.985 -3.882 -4.597 -3.999
[43.664] [43.346] [45.541] [43.070]
0.059 0.056 0.063 0.06
[0.105] [0.106] [0.104] [0.106]
66 66 66 66
0.834 0.835 0.838 0.835
2.56 2.599 3.281 2.489

[46.939] [47.272] [50.872] [43.649]
-2.701 -2.762 -3.388 -2.673
[35.332] [35.408] [37.654] [32.999]
0.505*** 0.495*** 0.492*** 0.506***
[0.064] [0.063] [0.063] [0.063]
66 66 66 66
0.902 0.901 0.904 0.902
1.198 1.175 1.887 1.256

[50.034] [50.006] [55.787] [50.568]
-1.553 -1.525 -2.179 -1.586
[36.465] [36.415] [40.063] [36.654]
0.193** 0.194** 0.191** 0.194**
[0.044] [0.045] [0.045] [0.044]
66 66 66 66
0.862 0.862 0.865 0.863
0.872 0.898 0.906 0.76

[51.189] [50.723] [57.869] [49.369]
-1.061 -1.093 -1.1 -0.972
[37.466] [37.162] [42.081] [36.345]
0.335*** 0.334*** 0.334*** 0.339***
[0.048] [0.050] [0.051] [0.048]
66 66 66 66
0.885 0.885 0.885 0.885
3.143 3.144 4.213 3.304

[50.434] [50.811] [53.474] [50.988]
-3.438 -3.451 -4.419 -3.582
[36.791] [37.086] [38.607] [37.135]
0.171** 0.167** 0.191** 0.170**
[0.073] [0.076] [0.075] [0.075]
66 66 66 66
0.856 0.856 0.865 0.857
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí No No No
No Sí No No
No No Sí No
No No No Sí
TABLA X
Carrera de Caballos entre Diversidad Genética Precolonial Cuadrática y Áreas Institucio
(1) (2) (3)
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 3.533* 0.452 4.662
[8.967] [12.849] [16.896]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -3.592* -0.531 -4.378
[6.814] [9.616] [12.795]
[0.024] [0.028] [0.033]
[6.696] [11.300] [13.765]
[5.059] [8.415] [10.276]
Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad 0.418*** 0.359** 0.401**
[0.020] [0.028] [0.031]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 1.082 -3.325 -0.886
[9.348] [14.515] [17.329]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -1.159 3.198 0.841
[6.931] [10.758] [12.668]
Estabilidad monetaria 0.209** 0.303*** 0.307***
[0.011] [0.014] [0.014]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término Lineal 2.853 -0.965 2.022
[8.394] [12.483] [16.601]
Diversidad genética precolonial - Término cuadrático -2.899 0.906 -1.654
[6.305] [9.332] [12.265]
Libertad para el comercio internacional 0.167* 0.263** 0.270*
[0.016] [0.020] [0.022]
[6.951] [12.062] [14.034]
[5.224] [8.935] [10.212]
Regulaciones 0.202** 0.217** 0.254**
[0.020] [0.023] [0.024]
y Áreas Institucionales contra Artículos Científicos
(4) (5) (6) (7)
4.247 4.265 3.572 4.74

[16.699] [17.894] [17.284] [17.781]
-3.94 -3.944 -3.363 -4.531
[12.542] [13.544] [13.064] [13.368]
0.036 0.034 0.031 0.025
[0.033] [0.033] [0.032] [0.030]
63 63 63 63
0.669 0.667 0.667 0.675
2.236 2.38 1.472 2.868

[14.478] [14.691] [15.649] [14.198]
-1.871 -1.997 -1.246 -2.622
[10.755] [10.998] [11.557] [10.635]
0.456** 0.432** 0.421** 0.435**
[0.028] [0.030] [0.030] [0.031]
63 63 63 63
0.725 0.718 0.716 0.727
-1.131 -2.978 -3.513 -0.885

[18.655] [19.874] [21.571] [17.412]
1.111 2.97 3.333 0.78
[13.704] [14.498] [15.771] [12.655]
0.302*** 0.367*** 0.328*** 0.306***
[0.014] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015]
62 62 62 62
0.726 0.745 0.735 0.734
1.413 0.881 -1.134 1.387

[17.867] [17.426] [20.061] [16.713]
-1.012 -0.43 1.398 -1.081
[13.145] [12.844] [14.723] [12.400]
0.281** 0.306** 0.335** 0.309**
[0.020] [0.021] [0.022] [0.021]
63 63 63 63
0.704 0.707 0.713 0.717
3.155 2.651 3.355 3.505

[15.616] [15.190] [15.307] [13.504]
-3.035 -2.498 -3.276 -3.476
[11.412] [11.118] [11.184] [9.839]
0.260*** 0.288*** 0.249** 0.259***
[0.023] [0.023] [0.026] [0.024]
63 63 63 63
0.721 0.727 0.712 0.727
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí No No No
No Sí No No
No No Sí No
No No No Sí
TABLA X
Diversidad Genética Precolonial Cuadrática y Tamaño del Gobierno. Ca
(1) (2) (3)
Panel A. Variable dependiente es Ingreso per Cápita
Apertura económica (1985-2000) 0.374*** 0.376*** 0.349***
[0.276] [0.280] [0.326]
Logaritmo de la población 2000 0.256*** 0.246*** 0.243***
[0.041] [0.041] [0.050]
Tamaño del Gobierno (1985-2000) 0.092* 0.059 0.024
[0.066] [0.055] [0.065]
Observations 74 73 69
Adj.R-sq. 0.857 0.894 0.905
Panel B. Variable dependiente es Índice de Desarrollo Humano
[0.021] [0.025] [0.024]
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
Tamaño del Gobierno (1985-2000) 0.032 -0.011 -0.007
[0.007] [0.007] [0.006]
Adj.R-sq. 0.899 0.916 0.937
Panel C. Variable dependiente es Productiviad Total de los Factores
[0.247] [0.271] [0.271]
[0.039] [0.042] [0.047]
Tamaño del Gobierno (1985-2000) 0.114** 0.059 0.063
[0.056] [0.052] [0.067]
Adj.R-sq. 0.865 0.896 0.896
Panel D. Variable dependiente es Artículos Científicos
Apertura económica (1985-2000) 0.045 0.09 0.157
[0.071] [0.080] [0.095]
Logaritmo de la población 2000 0.096 0.157 0.17
[0.010] [0.017] [0.025]
[0.020] [0.028] [0.029]
Adj.R-sq. 0.694 0.706 0.681
del Gobierno. Carrera de caballos
(4) (5) (6) (7)
0.350*** 0.348*** 0.349*** 0.361***

[0.320] [0.328] [0.337] [0.344]
0.254*** 0.244*** 0.243*** 0.242***
[0.048] [0.051] [0.054] [0.050]
0.023 0.024 0.024 0.024
[0.065] [0.067] [0.066] [0.064]
69 69 69 69
0.903 0.904 0.902 0.906
0.195*** 0.193*** 0.192*** 0.193***

[0.024] [0.024] [0.024] [0.024]
0.190*** 0.190*** 0.193*** 0.190***
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
-0.007 -0.007 -0.009 -0.007
[0.006] [0.007] [0.006] [0.006]
69 69 69 69
0.935 0.941 0.936 0.936
0.307*** 0.304*** 0.321*** 0.312***

[0.254] [0.274] [0.279] [0.284]
0.309*** 0.280*** 0.249*** 0.272***
[0.047] [0.048] [0.048] [0.047]
0.06 0.058 0.077 0.064
[0.065] [0.069] [0.064] [0.067]
66 66 66 66
0.897 0.895 0.899 0.896
0.153 0.167 0.127 0.14

[0.094] [0.096] [0.095] [0.099]
0.141 0.17 0.194 0.16
[0.024] [0.025] [0.025] [0.025]
0.03 0.019 0.011 0.027
[0.029] [0.029] [0.029] [0.028]
63 63 63 63
0.676 0.679 0.683 0.683
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí No No No
No Sí No No
No No Sí No
No No No Sí
TABLA X
Efecto Relativo deTamaño del Gobierno sobre Índice de Desarrollo Humano
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Panel A: Segunda Etapa. Variable dependiente es Índice de Desarrollo Humano
A1_8500 0.064 0.066 -0.021 0.016 0.064 0.068 0.052
[0.011] [0.011] [0.017] [0.009] [0.011] [0.011] [0.010]
Años de escolaridad 0.477*** 0.477*** 0.473*** 0.387*** 0.493*** 0.485*** 0.458***
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004]
Individualismo 0.011 0.017 -0.006 0.021 0.013 0.004 0.01
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.259*** -0.258*** -0.245*** -0.136** -0.257*** -0.254*** -0.283***
[0.041] [0.041] [0.039] [0.036] [0.040] [0.042] [0.042]
Latitud 0.099 0.099 0.112 0.126 0.074 0.075 0.105
[0.110] [0.111] [0.106] [0.102] [0.119] [0.103] [0.108]
Densidad poblacional 1500 -0.008
[0.001]
Transición a la agricultura 1500 -0.105
[0.008]
Adopción tecnología 1500 0.319***
[0.059]
Historia del Estado 1500 0.044
[0.037]
Proximidad genética a la frontera
0.044
global
[0.070]
Proximidad geográfica a la
-0.054
frontera global
[0.047]
Componente principal
Controles geográficos extendidos Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí

Efectos continentales fijos Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
p(humid) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p(temp) 0.21 0.217 0.086 0.82 0.243 0.584 0.16
p(natural_res) 0.215 0.415 0.134 0.001 0.208 0.275 0.163
Observaciones 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
R cuadrado ajustado 0.906 0.903 0.909 0.92 0.904 0.903 0.905
p(OID) 0.698 0.712 0.848 0.093 0.635 0.75 0.588
p(UID) 0.003 0.003 0.023 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002
p(A-R) 0.581 0.584 0.962 0.138 0.57 0.58 0.596
Panel B: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es Tamaño del Gobierno
DGP - Término Lineal 18.003** 17.874** 15.587* 16.990** 17.791** 18.010** 18.118**
[109.954] [113.633] [151.957] [113.994] [114.064] [111.063] [113.173]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -19.050*** -18.842*** -16.557* -18.381** -18.864*** -19.035*** -19.233***
[81.947] [84.975] [115.798] [85.969] [84.576] [82.690] [85.326]
Años de escolaridad 0.11 0.118 0.088 0.236 0.077 0.101 0.148
[0.080] [0.078] [0.081] [0.090] [0.090] [0.086] [0.084]
Individualismo -0.002 -0.119 -0.026 -0.035 -0.008 0.007 -0.003
[0.012] [0.013] [0.013] [0.011] [0.012] [0.012] [0.012]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.361 0.332 0.336 0.177 0.355 0.354 0.416
[0.847] [0.864] [0.881] [1.072] [0.874] [0.842] [0.950]
Latitud 0.223 0.226 0.212 0.194 0.271 0.253 0.217
[2.157] [2.166] [2.144] [2.243] [2.254] [2.344] [2.177]
Observaciones 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
R cuadrado parcial (Instrumentos
0.302 0.297 0.168 0.331 0.303 0.299 0.307
Excluidos)
F 6.503 5.418 2.297 5.909 6.582 6.186 5.396
p(APF) 0.004 0.01 0.118 0.007 0.004 0.006 0.01
p(APChi2) 0 0 0.015 0 0 0 0
llo Humano Índice de Desarrollo Humano

(8)
0.073
[0.011]
0.484***
[0.004]
0.004
[0.001]
-0.252***
[0.042]
0.086
[0.110]
0.05
[0.022]
Sí
Sí
0
0.311
0.274
55
0.903
0.659
0.003
0.54
17.992**
[116.073]
-19.038**
[86.657]
0.11
[0.086]
-0.002
[0.012]
0.361
[0.896]
0.224
[2.234]
55
0.293
5.863
0.007
0
TABLA X
Efecto Relativo de Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad sobre Índice de
Desarrollo Humano
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
A2_8500 0.298 0.302 0.082 0.447** 0.297 0.297 0.293
[0.021] [0.022] [0.077] [0.021] [0.021] [0.022] [0.023]
Años de escolaridad 0.399*** 0.398*** 0.451** 0.298*** 0.398*** 0.414*** 0.390***
[0.005] [0.005] [0.012] [0.004] [0.006] [0.005] [0.005]
Individualismo -0.043 -0.03 -0.011 -0.04 -0.043 -0.056 -0.04
[0.000] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.262*** -0.259*** -0.255*** -0.214*** -0.262*** -0.251*** -0.276***
[0.031] [0.029] [0.044] [0.042] [0.031] [0.031] [0.032]
Latitud -0.028 -0.029 0.067 -0.105 -0.025 -0.065 -0.025
[0.141] [0.144] [0.331] [0.135] [0.132] [0.147] [0.148]
[0.001]
[0.018]
Adopción tecnología 1500 0.185
[0.085]
Historia del Estado 1500 -0.004
[0.033]
0.074
global
[0.049]
-0.028
frontera global
[0.051]

p(humid) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p(temp) 0.208 0.246 0.406 0.188 0.222 0.447 0.215
p(natural_res) 0.079 0.106 0.103 0 0.072 0.088 0.066
Observaciones 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
p(OID) 0.999 0.958 0.768 0.352 0.994 0.863 0.909
p(UID) 0.128 0.149 0.707 0.083 0.119 0.123 0.115
p(A-R) 0.581 0.584 0.962 0.138 0.57 0.58 0.596
Panel B: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad
DGP - Término Lineal 5.279 5.215 2.588 6.044* 5.664 5.293 5.186
[98.363] [101.263] [145.004] [99.493] [105.969] [97.814] [97.246]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -5.278 -5.176 -2.501 -5.783 -5.615 -5.244 -5.129
[74.644] [76.462] [109.601] [73.350] [80.157] [73.990] [74.021]
Años de escolaridad 0.305** 0.309** 0.280** 0.211 0.366** 0.284** 0.275**
[0.084] [0.085] [0.082] [0.096] [0.098] [0.086] [0.083]
Individualismo 0.181 0.123 0.155 0.205 0.191 0.201 0.181
[0.014] [0.016] [0.014] [0.013] [0.014] [0.015] [0.014]
[0.953] [1.029] [1.029] [1.047] [0.869] [0.928] [1.063]
Latitud 0.484* 0.485* 0.472* 0.506* 0.398 0.553** 0.489*
[2.047] [2.012] [2.019] [2.032] [2.281] [2.137] [2.084]
Observaciones 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
0.055 0.054 0.011 0.078 0.065 0.056 0.053
Excluidos)
F 1.194 1.108 0.193 1.593 1.221 1.231 1.228
p(APF) 0.317 0.343 0.825 0.22 0.309 0.306 0.307
p(APChi2) 0.12 0.131 0.702 0.054 0.107 0.105 0.105
Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad
re Índice de
Índice de Desarrollo Humano
(8)
0.32
[0.020]
0.397***
[0.005]
-0.05
[0.000]
-0.259***
[0.033]
-0.044
[0.131]
0.025
[0.016]
Sí
Sí
0
0.195
0.06
55
0.941
1
0.109
0.54
5.715
[108.480]
-5.712
[82.051]
0.322**
[0.094]
0.168
[0.014]
0.122
[0.918]
0.463*
[2.151]
55
0.061
1.146
0.331
0.122
TABLA X
Efecto Relativo de Estabilidad Monetaria sobre Índice de Desarrollo Humano
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
A3_8500 0.061 0.06 0.025 0.144*** 0.067 0.063 0.069
[0.005] [0.005] [0.008] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003]
Individualismo -0.012 -0.006 -0.011 0.04 -0.009 -0.012 -0.006
[0.000] [0.001] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000]
[0.038] [0.038] [0.041] [0.032] [0.037] [0.038] [0.038]
Latitud 0.02 0.021 0.039 -0.079 -0.004 0.019 0.008
[0.124] [0.125] [0.138] [0.091] [0.133] [0.116] [0.125]
[0.001]
[0.007]
Adopción tecnología 1500 0.340***
[0.049]
[0.033]
-0.003
global
[0.070]
-0.07
frontera global
[0.041]

p(humid) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p(temp) 0.18 0.197 0.08 0.407 0.176 0.54 0.093
p(natural_res) 0.071 0.169 0.058 0 0.067 0.157 0.027
Observaciones 54 54 54 54 54 54 54
p(OID) 0.491 0.471 0.886 0.691 0.489 0.49 0.636
p(UID) 0.016 0.016 0.057 0.008 0.015 0.015 0.015
p(A-R) 0.52 0.515 0.956 0.062 0.517 0.523 0.525
Panel B: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es Estabilidad Monetaria
DGP - Término Lineal 18.555** 18.494** 12.588 19.426** 18.536** 18.508** 18.473**
[269.333] [274.526] [372.449] [269.283] [276.357] [275.580] [273.647]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -17.134** -17.046** -10.979 -17.715** -17.118** -17.151** -16.998**
[204.404] [208.621] [280.796] [202.587] [209.344] [209.591] [208.798]
Años de escolaridad 0.436* 0.438* 0.38 0.332 0.433 0.463* 0.407
[0.186] [0.187] [0.207] [0.193] [0.205] [0.196] [0.194]
Individualismo -0.113 -0.153 -0.172 -0.088 -0.114 -0.137 -0.114
[0.027] [0.031] [0.027] [0.027] [0.027] [0.027] [0.027]
[1.207] [1.221] [1.087] [1.565] [1.185] [1.094] [1.339]
Latitud 1.162** 1.166** 1.134** 1.181*** 1.166** 1.078** 1.165**
[4.183] [4.282] [4.212] [4.177] [4.502] [4.332] [4.201]
Observaciones 54 54 54 54 54 54 54
0.329 0.331 0.274 0.355 0.325 0.323 0.332
Excluidos)
F 5.4 5.333 3.476 5.194 4.993 5.074 5.57
p(APF) 0.01 0.011 0.044 0.012 0.014 0.013 0.009
p(APChi2) 0 0 0.002 0 0 0 0
ollo Humano Índice de Desarrollo Humano

(8)
0.063
[0.006]
0.482***
[0.004]
-0.014
[0.001]
-0.269***
[0.039]
0.016
[0.126]
0.012
[0.018]
Sí
Sí
0
0.264
0.098
54
0.923
0.472
0.019
0.537
18.754**
[291.270]
-17.333*
[220.288]
0.444
[0.204]
-0.119
[0.028]
0.131
[1.258]
1.153**
[4.314]
54
0.324
4.819
0.016
0
TABLA X
Efecto Relativo de Libertad para el Comercio Internacional sobre Índice de
Desarrollo Humano
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
A4_8500 0.128 0.129 -0.008 0.182* 0.13 0.13 0.123
[0.010] [0.010] [0.016] [0.009] [0.010] [0.010] [0.010]
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004]
Individualismo 0.011 0.016 -0.001 0.043 0.012 0.004 0.013
[0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
[0.039] [0.038] [0.045] [0.045] [0.039] [0.039] [0.039]
Latitud 0.028 0.027 0.111 -0.013 0.02 0.007 0.032
[0.119] [0.120] [0.150] [0.109] [0.119] [0.113] [0.122]
[0.001]
[0.007]
Adopción tecnología 1500 0.234**
[0.074]
[0.037]
0.039
global
[0.057]
-0.036
frontera global
[0.047]

p(humid) 0 0.001 0.001 0.005 0 0.001 0.001
p(temp) 0.227 0.237 0.092 0.508 0.233 0.604 0.188
p(natural_res) 0.233 0.342 0.167 0.012 0.232 0.291 0.23
Observaciones 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
p(OID) 0.909 0.926 0.799 0.165 0.892 0.978 0.8
p(UID) 0.022 0.025 0.025 0.014 0.019 0.022 0.019
p(A-R) 0.581 0.584 0.962 0.138 0.57 0.58 0.596
Panel B: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es Libertad para el Comercio Internacional
DGP - Término Lineal 12.025** 11.953** 12.423* 13.159** 12.625** 12.027** 11.883**
[162.842] [165.533] [220.493] [153.864] [171.704] [165.100] [161.463]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -12.171** -12.055** -12.581* -12.920** -12.696** -12.167** -11.944**
[122.163] [124.279] [167.762] [114.901] [128.374] [123.954] [121.432]

Años de escolaridad 0.306* 0.310* 0.310* 0.165 0.400** 0.304* 0.26
[0.119] [0.118] [0.123] [0.133] [0.115] [0.122] [0.116]
Individualismo 0.012 -0.054 0.015 0.048 0.027 0.014 0.012
[0.017] [0.020] [0.018] [0.017] [0.017] [0.019] [0.018]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.332* 0.316 0.337* 0.539** 0.352* 0.331* 0.265
[1.237] [1.320] [1.288] [1.513] [1.213] [1.263] [1.253]
Latitud 0.680* 0.682* 0.682* 0.712* 0.546 0.687* 0.688*
[3.260] [3.282] [3.312] [3.259] [3.616] [3.183] [3.222]
Observaciones 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
0.19 0.189 0.128 0.229 0.216 0.19 0.185
Excluidos)
F 2.631 2.492 1.506 3.51 2.591 2.552 2.572
p(APF) 0.088 0.1 0.238 0.043 0.092 0.095 0.093
p(APChi2) 0.009 0.01 0.063 0.002 0.009 0.009 0.009
Libertad para el Comercio Internacional
re Índice de
(8)
0.135
[0.009]
0.451***
[0.004]
0.008
[0.000]
-0.273***
[0.040]
0.019
[0.115]
0.02
[0.019]
Sí
Sí
0
0.314
0.282
55
0.923
0.902
0.011
0.54
13.203**
[172.736]
-13.346**
[130.021]
0.352**
[0.114]
-0.023
[0.018]
0.391*
[1.312]
0.624*
[3.199]
55
0.216
2.79
0.077
0.006
TABLA X
Efecto Relativo de Regulaciones sobre Índice de Desarrollo Humano
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
A5_8500 0.136 0.135 0.057 0.294** 0.157 0.13 0.154
[0.034] [0.034] [0.026] [0.021] [0.034] [0.035] [0.033]
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
Individualismo -0.041 -0.044 -0.014 -0.053 -0.043 -0.044 -0.04
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.255*** -0.256*** -0.255*** -0.210** -0.256*** -0.251*** -0.284***
[0.039] [0.038] [0.038] [0.052] [0.037] [0.041] [0.037]
Latitud 0.026 0.026 0.067 -0.093 -0.014 0.018 0.012
[0.187] [0.186] [0.149] [0.130] [0.194] [0.180] [0.186]
Densidad poblacional 1500 0.005
[0.001]
[0.008]
Adopción tecnología 1500 0.206
[0.103]
[0.029]
0.024
global
[0.062]
-0.05
frontera global
[0.044]

p(humid) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
p(temp) 0.239 0.255 0.077 0.444 0.199 0.619 0.16
p(natural_res) 0.197 0.275 0.132 0.016 0.182 0.286 0.227
Observaciones 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
p(OID) 0.261 0.27 0.941 0.656 0.234 0.245 0.316
p(UID) 0.486 0.467 0.322 0.187 0.485 0.507 0.446
p(A-R) 0.581 0.584 0.962 0.138 0.57 0.58 0.596
Panel B: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es Regulaciones
DGP - Término Lineal 5.024 5.004 -3.444 6.303 5.037 5.017 4.932
[161.483] [165.129] [188.588] [164.567] [165.949] [165.098] [163.862]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -4.447 -4.415 4.288 -5.292 -4.459 -4.463 -4.301
[122.164] [125.036] [141.566] [122.584] [125.484] [124.638] [124.387]
Años de escolaridad 0.3 0.301 0.22 0.141 0.302 0.31 0.27
[0.088] [0.089] [0.098] [0.107] [0.101] [0.100] [0.099]
Individualismo 0.229 0.211 0.146 0.27 0.229 0.22 0.229
[0.015] [0.017] [0.016] [0.015] [0.015] [0.016] [0.016]
[1.087] [1.123] [1.054] [1.464] [1.110] [1.030] [1.231]
Latitud 0.776* 0.777* 0.738 0.813* 0.773 0.744 0.781*
[2.425] [2.466] [2.399] [2.435] [2.503] [2.836] [2.417]
Observaciones 55 55 55 55 55 55 55
0.033 0.034 0.047 0.07 0.033 0.031 0.036
Excluidos)
F 0.445 0.459 0.65 0.914 0.438 0.399 0.486
p(APF) 0.645 0.636 0.529 0.412 0.649 0.674 0.62
p(APChi2) 0.454 0.431 0.304 0.187 0.448 0.481 0.41
Regulaciones
Humano Índice de Desarrollo Humano

(8)
0.151
[0.035]
0.458***
[0.004]
-0.053
[0.001]
-0.248***
[0.038]
0.007
[0.188]
0.045
[0.018]
Sí
Sí
0
0.261
0.23
55
0.932
0.157
0.49
0.54
4.916
[166.845]
-4.339
[126.634]
0.296
[0.099]
0.232
[0.016]
0.173
[1.119]
0.781*
[2.502]
55
0.032
0.433
0.653
0.452
TABLA X
Relación entre Tamaño del Gobierno y otras Medidas de
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Tamaño del Gobierno 0.236* 0.218*** 0.220*** 0.166
[0.170] [0.100] [0.106] [0.162]
Años de escolaridad 0.342*** 0.296*** 0.295*** 0.294***
[0.047] [0.037] [0.037] [0.036]
Individualismo 0.134 0.05 0.041 0.039
[0.005] [0.006] [0.007] [0.006]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.207** -0.152 -0.157 -0.143
[0.428] [0.480] [0.489] [0.454]
Latitud 0.132 0.216 0.214 0.225
[0.850] [1.012] [1.017] [0.995]
p(OID) 0.215 0.078 0.077 0.1
p(UID) 0.055 0.003 0.003 0.023
p(A-R) 0.012 0.002 0.003 0.057
Panel B. Variable dependiente es Productividad Total de los Factores
Tamaño del Gobierno 0.460*** 0.248*** 0.250*** 0.322
[0.181] [0.083] [0.087] [0.206]
Años de escolaridad 0.267** 0.227*** 0.227*** 0.221***
[0.043] [0.027] [0.027] [0.029]
Individualismo 0.267** 0.126 0.127 0.145
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.319*** -0.227** -0.227** -0.231**
[0.355] [0.340] [0.344] [0.345]
Latitud 0.161 0.202 0.201 0.19
[0.842] [0.696] [0.703] [0.777]
p(OID) 0.557 0.417 0.414 0.396
p(UID) 0.083 0.006 0.007 0.106
p(A-R) 0.003 0.012 0.014 0.096
Panel C. Variable dependiente es Artículos Científicos
Tamaño del Gobierno 0.191 0.064 0.067 -0.335
[0.043] [0.042] [0.046] [0.075]
Años de escolaridad 0.279* 0.300** 0.299** 0.289**
[0.016] [0.014] [0.015] [0.016]
Individualismo 0.269* 0.369** 0.375* 0.288
[0.002] [0.002] [0.003] [0.002]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.082 0.198 0.198 0.269
[0.079] [0.135] [0.135] [0.168]
Latitud 0.411** 0.542** 0.540** 0.599***
[0.242] [0.304] [0.308] [0.314]
p(OID) 0.044 0.041 0.04 0.206
p(UID) 0.059 0.004 0.007 0.027
p(A-R) 0 0.085 0.088 0.071
Controles geográficos extendidos No Sí Sí Sí
Efectos continentales fijos Sí Sí Sí Sí
Densidad poblacional 1500 No No Sí No
Transición a la agricultura 1500 No No No Sí
Adopción tecnología 1500 No No No No
Historia del Estado 1500 No No No No
Proximidad genética a la frontera global No No No No
Proximidad geográfica a la frontera global No No No No
Componente principal No No No No
X
y otras Medidas de Desarrollo
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.142* 0.217** 0.217*** 0.206*** 0.240***

[0.100] [0.111] [0.100] [0.097] [0.103]
0.200** 0.344*** 0.291*** 0.284*** 0.313***
[0.039] [0.045] [0.038] [0.041] [0.042]
0.054 0.057 0.055 0.049 0.034
[0.005] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
-0.009 -0.144 -0.156 -0.166 -0.134
[0.441] [0.460] [0.481] [0.516] [0.503]
0.256 0.141 0.23 0.222 0.183
[0.974] [1.121] [1.027] [1.004] [1.041]
55 55 55 55 55
0.867 0.843 0.835 0.837 0.831
0.004 0.054 0.069 0.055 0.071
0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003
0 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001
0.179** 0.246*** 0.247*** 0.233*** 0.272***

[0.085] [0.088] [0.085] [0.089]
0.118 0.261*** 0.224*** 0.208*** 0.239***
[0.028] [0.032] [0.027] [0.028] [0.029]
0.135 0.13 0.129 0.124 0.114
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.077 -0.222** -0.230*** -0.254*** -0.204**
[0.311] [0.329] [0.331] [0.347] [0.350]
0.238* 0.157 0.211 0.208 0.174
[0.614] [0.787] [0.701] [0.686] [0.726]
53 53 53 53 53
0.911 0.881 0.877 0.88 0.874
0.014 0.345 0.397 0.312 0.372
0.008 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.007
0 0.015 0.01 0.016 0.006
0.057 0.054 0.109 0.055 0.053

[0.036] [0.041] [0.042] [0.041] [0.041]
0.317** 0.282** 0.331** 0.300* 0.287**
[0.017] [0.015] [0.015] [0.018] [0.015]
0.362** 0.361** 0.343** 0.366** 0.382**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.179 0.2 0.212* 0.198 0.184
[0.141] [0.138] [0.122] [0.180] [0.152]
0.545** 0.582** 0.395* 0.546** 0.562***
[0.310] [0.327] [0.283] [0.304] [0.295]
54 54 54 54 54
0.707 0.709 0.73 0.707 0.708
0.028 0.049 0.046 0.031 0.042
0.001 0.006 0.003 0.005 0.005
0.101 0.123 0.099 0.068 0.105
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
No No No No No
No No No No No
Sí No No No No
No Sí No No No
No No Sí No No
No No No Sí No
No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad, y otras
(1) (2) (3)
[0.280] [0.320] [0.334]
Años de escolaridad 0.064 -0.011 -0.019
[0.092] [0.070] [0.072]
Individualismo 0.047 -0.144 -0.122
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.141* -0.175* -0.170*
[0.353] [0.460] [0.463]
Latitud -0.051 -0.293 -0.305
[0.732] [1.697] [1.740]
p(OID) 0.674 0.615 0.651
p(UID) 0.171 0.128 0.149
p(A-R) 0.012 0.002 0.003
Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad 0.768* 0.930*** 0.934***
[0.250] [0.205] [0.214]
Años de escolaridad 0.068 0.033 0.035
[0.089] [0.042] [0.042]
[0.005] [0.004] [0.004]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.191** -0.254*** -0.250***
[0.308] [0.326] [0.326]
Latitud -0.053 -0.165 -0.169
[0.603] [1.089] [1.120]
p(OID) 0.035 0.823 0.75
p(UID) 0.16 0.093 0.113
p(A-R) 0.003 0.012 0.014
Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad 1.152** 0.892* 1.010**
[0.086] [0.080] [0.085]
Años de escolaridad -0.191 0.041 -0.001
[0.031] [0.020] [0.021]
Individualismo 0.154 0.261* 0.309**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.151 0.137 0.139
[0.115] [0.148] [0.160]
Latitud 0.178 0.098 0.04
[0.223] [0.469] [0.481]
p(OID) 0.321 0.32 0.334
p(UID) 0.167 0.204 0.28
p(A-R) 0 0.085 0.088
Efectos continentales fijos Sí Sí Sí
Densidad poblacional 1500 No No Sí
Transición a la agricultura 1500 No No No
Adopción tecnología 1500 No No No
Historia del Estado 1500 No No No
Proximidad genética a la frontera global No No No
Proximidad geográfica a la frontera global No No No
Componente principal No No No
TABLA X
echos de Propiedad, y otras Medidas de Desarrollo
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
2.101 1.237*** 1.157*** 1.180*** 1.200*** 1.191***

[1.538] [0.294] [0.302] [0.328] [0.333] [0.309]
-0.24 -0.021 -0.029 0.002 0.005 -0.015
[0.260] [0.058] [0.075] [0.067] [0.068] [0.070]
-0.279 -0.156 -0.147 -0.165 -0.154 -0.155
[0.018] [0.007] [0.006] [0.007] [0.006] [0.006]
-0.212 -0.197 -0.178* -0.163 -0.141 -0.17
[1.072] [0.642] [0.455] [0.463] [0.537] [0.492]
-0.714 -0.336 -0.265 -0.354 -0.315 -0.317
[6.197] [1.683] [1.476] [1.907] [1.804] [1.670]
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.284 0.792 0.822 0.816 0.808 0.81
0.972 0.647 0.639 0.7 0.711 0.623
0.707 0.083 0.119 0.123 0.115 0.109
0.057 0 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001
1.176 0.938*** 0.913*** 0.926*** 0.929*** 0.931***

[0.498] [0.180] [0.199] [0.211] [0.212] [0.191]
-0.023 0.01 0.025 0.045 0.043 0.033
[0.081] [0.029] [0.046] [0.040] [0.039] [0.040]
-0.11 -0.068 -0.073 -0.083 -0.075 -0.074
[0.007] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.264** -0.233** -0.254*** -0.241*** -0.240** -0.254***
[0.470] [0.434] [0.318] [0.315] [0.365] [0.344]
-0.273 -0.17 -0.139 -0.192 -0.164 -0.166
[2.053] [1.024] [0.975] [1.221] [1.132] [1.009]
53 53 53 53 53 53
0.803 0.879 0.885 0.883 0.881 0.88
0.721 0.994 0.766 0.717 0.753 0.823
0.552 0.063 0.095 0.089 0.083 0.071
0.096 0 0.015 0.01 0.016 0.006
0.834 1.153** 0.837** 1.065* 1.003** 0.804*

[0.220] [0.083] [0.071] [0.094] [0.082] [0.074]
0.024 0.086 -0.004 0.052 0.04 0.044
[0.038] [0.020] [0.019] [0.021] [0.021] [0.019]
0.292 0.202 0.255** 0.178 0.245* 0.296**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.114 -0.084 0.134 0.17 0.172 0.117
[0.154] [0.192] [0.138] [0.147] [0.187] [0.150]
0.093 -0.037 0.23 -0.185 0.04 0.168
[0.909] [0.474] [0.404] [0.574] [0.498] [0.428]
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.718 0.644 0.727 0.692 0.667 0.719
0.119 0.664 0.343 0.465 0.342 0.287
0.673 0.156 0.178 0.22 0.183 0.179
0.071 0.101 0.123 0.099 0.068 0.105
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
No No No No No No
Sí No No No No No
No Sí No No No No
No No Sí No No No
No No No Sí No No
No No No No Sí No
No No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Estabilidad Monetaria y otras Medidas
(1) (2) (3)
Estabilidad Monetaria 0.270* 0.269*** 0.270***
[0.087] [0.055] [0.056]
Años de escolaridad 0.371*** 0.274*** 0.274***
[0.056] [0.038] [0.037]
Individualismo 0.075 0.016 -0.003
[0.006] [0.004] [0.005]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.180** -0.138 -0.142
[0.348] [0.386] [0.412]
Latitud 0.002 -0.06 -0.06
[0.658] [1.002] [0.992]
p(OID) 0.03 0.073 0.073
p(UID) 0.065 0.016 0.016
p(A-R) 0.003 0.001 0.001
Estabilidad Monetaria 0.155 0.160** 0.160**
[0.062] [0.036] [0.035]
[0.045] [0.027] [0.026]
Individualismo 0.198* 0.073 0.047
[0.005] [0.003] [0.004]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.207*** -0.161** -0.164**
[0.276] [0.259] [0.271]
Latitud 0.042 0.129 0.13
[0.600] [0.779] [0.773]
p(OID) 0 0.011 0.01
p(UID) 0.027 0.016 0.015
p(A-R) 0.003 0.012 0.014
Estabilidad Monetaria 0.509** 0.274** 0.274**
[0.030] [0.019] [0.019]
Años de escolaridad 0.16 0.226** 0.227**
[0.015] [0.012] [0.012]
Individualismo 0.193 0.429*** 0.427**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.162 0.223* 0.223*
[0.106] [0.120] [0.120]
Latitud 0.332** 0.257 0.258
[0.210] [0.323] [0.326]
p(OID) 0.897 0.95 0.945
p(UID) 0.072 0.016 0.016
p(A-R) 0 0.089 0.094
TABLA X
Monetaria y otras Medidas de Desarrollo
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.216** 0.353*** 0.289*** 0.289*** 0.275*** 0.280***

[0.059] [0.051] [0.057] [0.055] [0.054] [0.059]
0.280*** 0.138 0.312*** 0.237*** 0.247*** 0.282***
[0.036] [0.040] [0.038] [0.036] [0.035] [0.038]
0.009 0.072 0.03 0.05 0.022 0.007
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
-0.146 -0.021 -0.127 -0.169** -0.174* -0.122
[0.422] [0.386] [0.360] [0.338] [0.425] [0.382]
-0.012 -0.16 -0.147 -0.006 -0.069 -0.082
[0.982] [0.885] [1.073] [0.999] [1.006] [1.026]
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.9 0.902 0.901 0.903 0.897 0.895
0.092 0.481 0.079 0.11 0.112 0.054
0.057 0.008 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.019
0.035 0 0.001 0 0.001 0.001
0.093 0.235*** 0.177** 0.175** 0.164** 0.174**

[0.040] [0.030] [0.037] [0.036] [0.034] [0.036]
0.248*** 0.112 0.278*** 0.222*** 0.216*** 0.249***
[0.026] [0.027] [0.029] [0.025] [0.025] [0.027]
0.066 0.125* 0.082 0.093 0.078 0.064
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003]
-0.176** -0.05 -0.157** -0.182*** -0.197** -0.144**
[0.292] [0.260] [0.243] [0.259] [0.288] [0.260]
0.185 0.035 0.054 0.157 0.121 0.102
[0.811] [0.580] [0.851] [0.752] [0.765] [0.774]
53 53 53 53 53 53
0.9 0.924 0.91 0.908 0.906 0.905
0.02 0.1 0.006 0.012 0.023 0.005
0.061 0.008 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.015
0.096 0 0.015 0.01 0.016 0.006
0.243 0.263** 0.265* 0.265** 0.275** 0.269*

[0.024] [0.018] [0.019] [0.019] [0.018] [0.019]
0.187* 0.249* 0.216* 0.260** 0.223 0.219*
[0.012] [0.016] [0.013] [0.013] [0.016] [0.013]
0.454*** 0.421*** 0.424*** 0.397** 0.430*** 0.437***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.181 0.195 0.221* 0.256** 0.219 0.211
[0.114] [0.129] [0.122] [0.124] [0.176] [0.144]
0.241 0.271 0.289 0.182 0.256 0.27
[0.336] [0.312] [0.372] [0.300] [0.313] [0.336]
53 53 53 53 53 53
0.77 0.755 0.756 0.766 0.755 0.755
0.132 0.917 0.957 0.857 0.932 0.917
0.043 0.011 0.014 0.015 0.015 0.016
0.07 0.105 0.125 0.111 0.07 0.106
No No No No No No
Sí No No No No No
No Sí No No No No
No No Sí No No No
No No No Sí No No
No No No No Sí No
No No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Libertades para el Comercio Internacional y otras
(1) (2) (3)
Libertad para el Comercio Internacional 0.313** 0.481*** 0.486***
[0.092] [0.110] [0.113]
Años de escolaridad 0.269*** 0.189** 0.187**
[0.049] [0.044] [0.045]
Individualismo 0.114 0.061 0.054
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005]
[0.373] [0.459] [0.445]
Latitud 0.052 -0.064 -0.068
[0.580] [1.244] [1.249]
p(OID) 0.267 0.327 0.308
p(UID) 0.018 0.022 0.025
p(A-R) 0.012 0.002 0.003
Libertad para el Comercio Internacional 0.500*** 0.422*** 0.423***
[0.070] [0.075] [0.078]
Años de escolaridad 0.181 0.171** 0.171**
[0.045] [0.033] [0.033]
Individualismo 0.234*** 0.099 0.105
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.316*** -0.301*** -0.301***
[0.236] [0.310] [0.310]
Latitud 0.022 -0.027 -0.028
[0.363] [0.882] [0.891]
p(OID) 0.437 0.95 0.93
p(UID) 0.014 0.019 0.021
p(A-R) 0.003 0.012 0.014
Libertad para el Comercio Internacional 0.322 0.348 0.38
[0.031] [0.040] [0.041]
[0.022] [0.016] [0.017]
Individualismo 0.264** 0.418*** 0.453**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
[0.093] [0.149] [0.151]
Latitud 0.351*** 0.298 0.275
[0.186] [0.344] [0.345]
p(OID) 0.052 0.202 0.199
p(UID) 0.02 0.035 0.053
p(A-R) 0 0.085 0.088
TABLA X
mercio Internacional y otras Medidas de Desarrollo
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.425** 0.549*** 0.493*** 0.480*** 0.500*** 0.491***

[0.115] [0.114] [0.108] [0.109] [0.116] [0.099]
0.199** 0.147* 0.188* 0.181** 0.200** 0.189**
[0.042] [0.039] [0.048] [0.044] [0.042] [0.046]
0.055 0.08 0.063 0.068 0.061 0.058
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.211** -0.220* -0.226** -0.228** -0.206* -0.221**
[0.459] [0.577] [0.465] [0.463] [0.486] [0.480]
-0.029 -0.117 -0.078 -0.043 -0.079 -0.076
[1.218] [1.228] [1.159] [1.279] [1.247] [1.188]
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.895 0.878 0.886 0.889 0.886 0.887
0.277 0.17 0.321 0.288 0.338 0.328
0.025 0.014 0.019 0.022 0.019 0.011
0.057 0 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001
0.344*** 0.448*** 0.420*** 0.418*** 0.422*** 0.415***

[0.065] [0.074] [0.074] [0.074] [0.079] [0.065]
0.185** 0.117* 0.166* 0.162* 0.171** 0.170**
[0.030] [0.026] [0.036] [0.033] [0.031] [0.034]
0.093 0.117** 0.098* 0.107* 0.099 0.101
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
-0.285*** -0.262*** -0.301*** -0.311*** -0.301*** -0.304***
[0.286] [0.379] [0.313] [0.298] [0.317] [0.325]
0.023 -0.049 -0.019 0 -0.027 -0.019
[0.807] [0.811] [0.826] [0.902] [0.882] [0.839]
53 53 53 53 53 53
0.928 0.927 0.925 0.926 0.925 0.925
0.971 0.538 0.925 0.957 0.941 0.945
0.007 0.013 0.016 0.018 0.016 0.007
0.096 0 0.015 0.01 0.016 0.006
-0.211 0.551* 0.348 0.405 0.396 0.307

[0.047] [0.045] [0.035] [0.040] [0.041] [0.035]
0.302* 0.232 0.148 0.218 0.199 0.181
[0.018] [0.016] [0.017] [0.018] [0.019] [0.017]
0.362* 0.431*** 0.409*** 0.384*** 0.424*** 0.439***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.224 -0.138 0.098 0.118 0.117 0.086
[0.153] [0.222] [0.146] [0.140] [0.187] [0.159]
0.644* 0.143 0.376 0.125 0.261 0.356
[0.453] [0.373] [0.321] [0.367] [0.351] [0.321]
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.684 0.726 0.739 0.746 0.726 0.734
0.096 0.364 0.234 0.266 0.197 0.18
0.038 0.046 0.026 0.032 0.038 0.02
0.071 0.101 0.123 0.099 0.068 0.105
No No No No No No
Sí No No No No No
No Sí No No No No
No No Sí No No No
No No No Sí No No
No No No No Sí No
No No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Regulaciones y otras Medidas de D
(1) (2) (3)
Regulaciones 0.528 0.679 0.695
[0.500] [0.600] [0.605]
[0.106] [0.086] [0.085]
Individualismo -0.092 -0.167 -0.207
[0.011] [0.010] [0.010]
[0.515] [0.645] [0.686]
Latitud 0.083 -0.199 -0.212
[0.796] [2.710] [2.723]
p(OID) 0.323 0.31 0.35
p(UID) 0.5 0.486 0.467
p(A-R) 0.012 0.002 0.003
[0.336] [0.365] [0.360]
Años de escolaridad 0.26 0.193 0.190*
[0.080] [0.046] [0.045]
[0.008] [0.006] [0.006]
[0.387] [0.414] [0.424]
Latitud 0.091 -0.006 -0.005
[0.642] [1.512] [1.486]
p(OID) 0.015 0.078 0.095
p(UID) 0.372 0.483 0.47
p(A-R) 0.003 0.012 0.014
[0.202] [0.231] [0.226]
Años de escolaridad -0.066 0.058 0.061
[0.038] [0.029] [0.029]
Individualismo -0.164 0.171 0.183
[0.004] [0.003] [0.003]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.031 0.069 0.074
[0.167] [0.269] [0.255]
Latitud 0.385 -0.135 -0.125
[0.325] [1.115] [1.091]
p(OID) 0.977 0.748 0.726
p(UID) 0.492 0.536 0.516
p(A-R) 0 0.085 0.088
TABLA X
iones y otras Medidas de Desarrollo
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.05 0.650** 0.747 0.736 0.656 0.722

[0.225] [0.347] [0.657] [0.662] [0.550] [0.633]
0.296*** 0.15 0.197 0.129 0.166 0.177
[0.037] [0.060] [0.092] [0.101] [0.082] [0.089]
-0.022 -0.154 -0.174 -0.156 -0.161 -0.201
[0.006] [0.009] [0.011] [0.011] [0.010] [0.011]
-0.103 -0.142 -0.173 -0.197 -0.176 -0.151
[0.427] [0.785] [0.717] [0.680] [0.661] [0.696]
0.246 -0.176 -0.324 -0.182 -0.181 -0.254
[1.320] [1.868] [2.958] [2.892] [2.549] [2.839]
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.876 0.741 0.671 0.677 0.736 0.687
0.023 0.335 0.365 0.383 0.317 0.287
0.322 0.187 0.485 0.507 0.446 0.49
0.057 0 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001
-0.083 0.455** 0.541 0.505 0.436 0.502

[0.234] [0.202] [0.429] [0.398] [0.329] [0.386]
0.278*** 0.146* 0.231* 0.169 0.184* 0.199
[0.029] [0.033] [0.048] [0.051] [0.042] [0.048]
0.067 -0.052 -0.077 -0.062 -0.06 -0.092
[0.006] [0.005] [0.007] [0.007] [0.006] [0.007]
-0.171* -0.169 -0.226* -0.245** -0.235** -0.202*
[0.356] [0.495] [0.466] [0.449] [0.425] [0.460]
0.342 0 -0.134 0.006 0.013 -0.046
[1.166] [1.024] [1.834] [1.596] [1.416] [1.544]
53 53 53 53 53 53
0.849 0.852 0.814 0.827 0.857 0.828
0.076 0.17 0.138 0.115 0.106 0.079
0.431 0.182 0.513 0.503 0.443 0.486
0.096 0 0.015 0.01 0.016 0.006
0.723 0.512 0.898 0.885 0.892 0.916

[0.150] [0.088] [0.226] [0.222] [0.200] [0.230]
0.098 0.258* 0.054 0.1 0.079 0.052
[0.017] [0.016] [0.029] [0.029] [0.024] [0.029]
0.222 0.224 0.174 0.149 0.176 0.185
[0.002] [0.002] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
0.089 0.011 0.073 0.099 0.089 0.059
[0.160] [0.223] [0.260] [0.265] [0.228] [0.265]
0.004 0.185 -0.088 -0.186 -0.106 -0.114
[0.713] [0.493] [1.111] [1.048] [0.991] [1.121]
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.585 0.725 0.419 0.443 0.426 0.4
0.743 0.227 0.746 0.657 0.712 0.764
0.305 0.173 0.541 0.554 0.488 0.537
0.071 0.101 0.123 0.099 0.068 0.105
No No No No No No
Sí No No No No No
No Sí No No No No
No No Sí No No No
No No No Sí No No
No No No No Sí No
No No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Tamaño del Gobierno y Diferentes Medidas de Desarrollo Económico
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Tamaño del Gobierno 0.119 0.163 0.185 0.169*
[0.014] [0.017] [0.021] [0.016]
[0.005] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
Individualismo 0.073 0.077 0.093 0.071
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.331*** -0.318*** -0.318*** -0.257***
[0.037] [0.040] [0.041] [0.042]
Latitud 0.134 0.154 0.145 0.174
[0.077] [0.107] [0.112] [0.111]
p(OID) 0.7 0.35 0.368 0.168
p(UID) 0.063 0.05 0.097 0.056
p(A-R) 0.465 0.235 0.276 0.099
Panel B: Segunda Etapa. Variable dependiente es Ingreso per Cápita
Tamaño del Gobierno 0.171 0.218* 0.226 0.222*
[0.142] [0.161] [0.206] [0.158]
[0.055] [0.050] [0.051] [0.047]
Individualismo 0.123 0.109 0.108 0.104
[0.005] [0.007] [0.009] [0.007]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.288*** -0.249*** -0.246*** -0.201**
[0.314] [0.364] [0.358] [0.414]
Latitud 0.229** 0.248 0.248 0.264
[0.654] [1.022] [1.076] [1.081]
p(OID) 0.656 0.323 0.283 0.226
p(UID) 0.063 0.05 0.097 0.056
p(A-R) 0.4 0.18 0.233 0.102
Panel C: Segunda Etapa. Variable dependiente es Productividad Total de los Factores
Tamaño del Gobierno 0.254** 0.260** 0.273* 0.258**
[0.125] [0.117] [0.153] [0.109]
Años de escolaridad 0.340*** 0.260** 0.253** 0.253***
[0.044] [0.039] [0.041] [0.036]
Individualismo 0.205** 0.220* 0.226 0.211*
[0.004] [0.005] [0.007] [0.005]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.276*** -0.210*** -0.207*** -0.138*
[0.257] [0.265] [0.260] [0.300]
Latitud 0.262** 0.340*** 0.337** 0.365***
[0.540] [0.638] [0.685] [0.683]
p(OID) 0.238 0.103 0.09 0.026
p(UID) 0.054 0.03 0.078 0.034
p(A-R) 0.104 0.043 0.059 0.005
Panel D: Segunda Etapa. Variable dependiente es Artículos Científicos
Tamaño del Gobierno 0.166 0.052 0.062 0.048
[0.050] [0.039] [0.051] [0.035]
Años de escolaridad 0.307* 0.327** 0.323** 0.289**
[0.017] [0.015] [0.016] [0.015]
Individualismo 0.291** 0.362** 0.370* 0.387***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.09 0.137* 0.137* 0.062
[0.073] [0.077] [0.076] [0.079]
Latitud 0.390*** 0.474** 0.471** 0.459**
[0.195] [0.292] [0.305] [0.251]
p(OID) 0.24 0.593 0.588 0.632
p(UID) 0.066 0.049 0.132 0.051
p(A-R) 0.112 0.803 0.808 0.816
Panel E: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es Tamaño del Gobierno
DGP - Término Lineal 6.298* 10.082* 9.841* 9.863*
[60.517] [86.072] [88.991] [89.779]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -6.730* -10.557* -10.220* -10.345*
[45.815] [65.375] [67.998] [68.074]
Años de escolaridad 0.287 0.197 0.211 0.197
[0.074] [0.105] [0.105] [0.105]
Individualismo -0.032 -0.118 -0.23 -0.113
[0.009] [0.013] [0.014] [0.013]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.131 0.113 0.084 0.094
[0.545] [0.757] [0.779] [0.777]
Latitud -0.081 0.308 0.301 0.306
[1.368] [2.418] [2.461] [2.426]
R cuadrado parcial (Instrumentos Excluidos) 0.149 0.174 0.137 0.174
F 3.696 2.873 1.92 2.743
p(APF) 0.032 0.07 0.162 0.079
p(APChi2) 0.015 0.01 0.042 0.011
X
arrollo Económico excluyendo Efectos Continentales Fijos
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.009 0.108 0.117 0.148 0.078

[0.015] [0.017] [0.018] [0.016] [0.019]
0.373*** 0.559*** 0.544*** 0.511*** 0.549***
[0.004] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.005]
0.027 0.056 0.04 0.078 0.003
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.142*** -0.310*** -0.244*** -0.338*** -0.215***
[0.031] [0.037] [0.042] [0.045] [0.043]
0.125 0.116 0.096 0.157 0.134
[0.086] [0.117] [0.097] [0.106] [0.109]
56 56 56 56 56
0.92 0.87 0.876 0.862 0.885
0.495 0.327 0.228 0.319 0.177
0.032 0.024 0.05 0.051 0.043
0.747 0.371 0.26 0.254 0.288
0.07 0.145 0.185 0.221* 0.129

[0.162] [0.157] [0.168] [0.156] [0.180]
0.237*** 0.430*** 0.395*** 0.384*** 0.408***
[0.042] [0.057] [0.052] [0.052] [0.054]
0.061 0.082 0.082 0.105 0.031
[0.006] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
-0.08 -0.238*** -0.193** -0.238*** -0.141
[0.336] [0.330] [0.379] [0.400] [0.402]
0.22 0.198 0.203 0.248 0.227
[1.020] [1.198] [1.003] [1.022] [1.159]
56 56 56 56 56
0.854 0.815 0.812 0.803 0.827
0.415 0.312 0.251 0.332 0.199
0.032 0.024 0.05 0.051 0.043
0.556 0.321 0.202 0.177 0.269
0.097 0.198* 0.227* 0.248** 0.169

[0.097] [0.108] [0.120] [0.117] [0.121]
0.113 0.322*** 0.279** 0.259** 0.300***
[0.028] [0.044] [0.041] [0.040] [0.040]
0.155* 0.189 0.192 0.217* 0.132
[0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
-0.036 -0.211*** -0.155** -0.220*** -0.101
[0.222] [0.234] [0.280] [0.287] [0.282]
0.299*** 0.289* 0.297** 0.343*** 0.318**
[0.554] [0.761] [0.622] [0.639] [0.717]
54 54 54 54 54
0.908 0.846 0.844 0.836 0.863
0.059 0.094 0.084 0.096 0.045
0.016 0.02 0.031 0.031 0.026
0.028 0.068 0.049 0.046 0.042
0.073 0.093 -0.008 0.055 0.081

[0.042] [0.046] [0.052] [0.039] [0.047]
0.341** 0.295** 0.368** 0.331** 0.306*
[0.015] [0.016] [0.017] [0.017] [0.017]
0.373** 0.379** 0.313* 0.360** 0.391**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.105 0.132* 0.222** 0.144 0.105
[0.084] [0.079] [0.118] [0.137] [0.114]
0.485** 0.502** 0.406** 0.474** 0.483**
[0.287] [0.288] [0.279] [0.293] [0.280]
55 55 55 55 55
0.746 0.748 0.749 0.743 0.747
0.447 0.565 0.487 0.604 0.584
0.029 0.023 0.051 0.051 0.047
0.649 0.722 0.78 0.8 0.771
9.811* 11.148** 9.917* 10.327* 9.956*

[83.597] [80.607] [87.229] [90.213] [86.595]
-10.280* -11.670** -10.363* -10.839* -10.414*
[63.580] [61.072] [66.290] [68.743] [65.686]
0.174 0.144 0.213 0.242 0.202
[0.108] [0.100] [0.106] [0.108] [0.106]
-0.121 -0.093 -0.146 -0.134 -0.137
[0.013] [0.013] [0.013] [0.014] [0.013]
0.135 0.109 0.158 0.212 0.134
[0.879] [0.745] [0.830] [1.061] [0.869]
0.301 0.409 0.245 0.325 0.292
[2.490] [2.377] [2.498] [2.443] [2.484]
56 56 56 56 56
0.16 0.193 0.16 0.184 0.16
2.773 4.045 2.501 2.661 2.756
0.077 0.027 0.097 0.084 0.078
0.01 0.001 0.016 0.012 0.011
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
No No No No No
No No No No No
Sí No No No No
No Sí No No No
No No Sí No No
No No No Sí No
No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad y Diferentes Medidas de Desarroll
Fijos
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad 0.345 1.051 0.836 1.563
[0.054] [0.102] [0.069] [0.159]
Años de escolaridad 0.448 0.18 0.262 -0.023
[0.019] [0.026] [0.018] [0.039]
Individualismo 0.012 -0.228 -0.183 -0.349
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.003]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.301*** -0.313*** -0.317*** -0.203
[0.046] [0.046] [0.036] [0.083]
Latitud 0.003 -0.277 -0.179 -0.473
[0.140] [0.396] [0.287] [0.594]
p(OID) 0.296 0.458 0.377 0.583
p(UID) 0.547 0.659 0.651 0.723
p(A-R) 0.465 0.235 0.276 0.099
[0.470] [0.929] [0.649] [1.425]
Años de escolaridad 0.234 -0.096 -0.022 -0.295
[0.166] [0.238] [0.167] [0.355]
Individualismo 0.029 -0.309 -0.275 -0.429
[0.006] [0.015] [0.010] [0.025]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.240*** -0.242*** -0.242*** -0.134
[0.332] [0.409] [0.327] [0.704]
Latitud 0.029 -0.351 -0.255 -0.544
[1.162] [3.509] [2.581] [5.207]
p(OID) 0.279 0.388 0.36 0.501
p(UID) 0.547 0.659 0.651 0.723
p(A-R) 0.4 0.18 0.233 0.102
[0.451] [0.879] [0.614] [1.375]
Años de escolaridad 0.015 -0.205 -0.111 -0.442
[0.155] [0.212] [0.147] [0.325]
Individualismo 0.063 -0.291 -0.238 -0.446
[0.006] [0.016] [0.011] [0.026]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.198* -0.246** -0.243** -0.122
[0.408] [0.456] [0.368] [0.686]
Latitud -0.04 -0.315 -0.19 -0.553
[1.011] [3.255] [2.361] [4.953]
p(OID) 0.275 0.287 0.243 0.388
p(UID) 0.458 0.645 0.636 0.71
p(A-R) 0.104 0.043 0.059 0.005
[0.140] [0.111] [0.097] [0.110]
Años de escolaridad -0.234 0.173 0.199 0.162
[0.050] [0.031] [0.028] [0.031]
Individualismo 0.106 0.235 0.251 0.269
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.205* 0.141** 0.139** 0.08
[0.114] [0.073] [0.072] [0.080]
Latitud 0.02 0.275 0.305 0.286
[0.359] [0.503] [0.450] [0.458]
p(OID) 0.627 0.748 0.718 0.74
p(UID) 0.539 0.665 0.675 0.673
p(A-R) 0.112 0.803 0.808 0.816
Panel E: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad
DGP - Término Lineal 2.596 1.963 1.873 1.729
[70.393] [80.291] [82.584] [81.083]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -2.564 -1.907 -1.78 -1.681
[52.830] [58.905] [60.615] [59.367]
[0.069] [0.078] [0.080] [0.077]
Individualismo 0.121 0.204 0.162 0.209
[0.009] [0.013] [0.016] [0.014]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.115 -0.054 -0.064 -0.074
[0.671] [0.952] [1.003] [0.973]
Latitud 0.214 0.4 0.398 0.398
[1.224] [2.182] [2.194] [2.179]
F 0.655 0.256 0.258 0.192
p(APF) 0.524 0.776 0.774 0.826
p(APChi2) 0.473 0.664 0.654 0.729
X
edidas de Desarrollo Económico excluyendo Efectos Continentales
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.507 0.77 1.161 1.093 1.054

[0.072] [0.083] [0.110] [0.107] [0.091]
0.23 0.293 0.145 0.143 0.175
[0.013] [0.022] [0.028] [0.028] [0.023]
-0.091 -0.167 -0.267 -0.223 -0.252
[0.001] [0.001] [0.002] [0.002] [0.001]
-0.177** -0.315*** -0.213** -0.340*** -0.228***
[0.043] [0.034] [0.057] [0.049] [0.045]
-0.085 -0.164 -0.416 -0.298 -0.311
[0.270] [0.301] [0.424] [0.413] [0.345]
56 56 56 56 56
0.934 0.859 0.75 0.76 0.787
0.777 0.401 0.741 0.533 0.74
0.805 0.75 0.657 0.652 0.681
0.747 0.371 0.26 0.254 0.288
0.799 1.085 1.563 1.485 1.411

[0.675] [0.729] [0.985] [0.959] [0.829]
0.026 0.052 -0.131 -0.108 -0.082
[0.130] [0.195] [0.251] [0.253] [0.211]
-0.152 -0.229 -0.346 -0.315 -0.323
[0.011] [0.012] [0.017] [0.015] [0.014]
-0.134 -0.245*** -0.15 -0.242** -0.157*
[0.380] [0.287] [0.514] [0.457] [0.409]
-0.099 -0.199 -0.48 -0.364 -0.364
[2.520] [2.570] [3.706] [3.622] [3.045]
56 56 56 56 56
0.904 0.827 0.651 0.675 0.722
0.394 0.262 0.588 0.39 0.58
0.805 0.75 0.657 0.652 0.681
0.556 0.321 0.202 0.177 0.269
1.045 1.285 1.711 1.679 1.577

[0.588] [0.701] [0.929] [0.947] [0.795]
-0.136 -0.076 -0.233 -0.246 -0.193
[0.108] [0.181] [0.223] [0.236] [0.192]
-0.147 -0.216 -0.33 -0.294 -0.313
[0.011] [0.012] [0.017] [0.017] [0.014]
-0.125 -0.244*** -0.146 -0.272* -0.149
[0.445] [0.354] [0.523] [0.534] [0.469]
-0.112 -0.187 -0.448 -0.346 -0.336
[1.934] [2.407] [3.485] [3.495] [2.850]
54 54 54 54 54
0.823 0.698 0.466 0.469 0.554
0.216 0.202 0.414 0.33 0.413
0.711 0.702 0.639 0.645 0.657
0.028 0.068 0.049 0.046 0.042
0.158 0.4 0.511 0.469 0.439

[0.216] [0.109] [0.114] [0.114] [0.109]
0.317 0.177 0.171 0.175 0.174
[0.043] [0.032] [0.031] [0.035] [0.032]
0.301 0.241 0.208 0.233 0.256
[0.004] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.096 0.125* 0.235** 0.145 0.102
[0.163] [0.075] [0.103] [0.124] [0.108]
0.434 0.365 0.168 0.274 0.305
[0.758] [0.438] [0.524] [0.513] [0.465]
55 55 55 55 55
0.768 0.792 0.8 0.784 0.787
0.305 0.437 0.825 0.726 0.553
0.887 0.756 0.661 0.656 0.726
0.649 0.722 0.78 0.8 0.771
dad
1.006 1.418 1.974 1.981 1.808
[78.646] [84.909] [81.612] [80.990] [82.385]
-0.929 -1.338 -1.92 -1.928 -1.732
[57.797] [62.630] [59.988] [59.425] [60.664]
0.314** 0.425*** 0.397*** 0.401*** 0.404***
[0.090] [0.088] [0.081] [0.080] [0.081]
0.194 0.191 0.206 0.203 0.181
[0.012] [0.014] [0.015] [0.014] [0.015]
0.025 -0.052 -0.057 -0.046 -0.027
[1.033] [0.933] [0.941] [1.169] [0.932]
0.375 0.349 0.405 0.402 0.381
[2.130] [2.310] [2.273] [2.226] [2.206]
56 56 56 56 56
0.01 0.013 0.014 0.014 0.015
0.139 0.181 0.25 0.253 0.236
0.871 0.836 0.78 0.778 0.791
0.796 0.743 0.663 0.659 0.678
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
No No No No No
No No No No No
Sí No No No No
No Sí No No No
No No Sí No No
No No No Sí No
No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Estabilidad Monetaria y Diferentes Medidas de Desarrollo Económico
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Estabilidad Monetaria 0.117 0.229 0.227 0.290**
[0.009] [0.011] [0.011] [0.011]
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
Individualismo 0.043 0.066 0.061 0.075
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
[0.036] [0.035] [0.035] [0.034]
Latitud 0.047 -0.101 -0.095 -0.154
[0.083] [0.151] [0.154] [0.132]
p(OID) 0.354 0.733 0.779 0.892
p(UID) 0.025 0.03 0.034 0.036
p(A-R) 0.393 0.173 0.196 0.04
Estabilidad Monetaria 0.205 0.350* 0.349* 0.407**
[0.085] [0.116] [0.117] [0.117]
[0.055] [0.051] [0.051] [0.047]
Individualismo 0.078 0.108 0.097 0.116
[0.005] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006]
[0.323] [0.369] [0.361] [0.380]
Latitud 0.091 -0.151 -0.144 -0.2
[0.674] [1.485] [1.491] [1.381]
p(OID) 0.411 0.866 0.972 0.982
p(UID) 0.025 0.03 0.034 0.036
p(A-R) 0.212 0.065 0.077 0.015
Estabilidad Monetaria 0.205 0.359* 0.352* 0.430**
[0.071] [0.099] [0.100] [0.099]
[0.037] [0.038] [0.037] [0.033]
Individualismo 0.151 0.175 0.157 0.185*
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.299] [0.289] [0.278] [0.275]
Latitud 0.115 -0.064 -0.046 -0.129
[0.586] [1.214] [1.202] [1.063]
p(OID) 0.149 0.526 0.677 0.638
p(UID) 0.023 0.049 0.055 0.054
p(A-R) 0.104 0.043 0.059 0.005
Estabilidad Monetaria 0.258* 0.088 0.087 0.075
[0.019] [0.019] [0.020] [0.018]
Años de escolaridad 0.324*** 0.319** 0.319** 0.286**
[0.012] [0.015] [0.015] [0.015]
Individualismo 0.254* 0.363*** 0.360** 0.385***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
[0.079] [0.071] [0.073] [0.076]
Latitud 0.261** 0.375 0.377 0.377*
[0.180] [0.351] [0.367] [0.297]
p(OID) 0.479 0.946 0.973 0.912
p(UID) 0.025 0.022 0.026 0.024
p(A-R) 0.1 0.808 0.823 0.829
Panel E: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es Estabilidad Monetaria
DGP - Término Lineal 12.886*** 14.108** 13.945** 13.747**
[149.049] [207.654] [212.177] [215.783]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -12.703*** -13.932** -13.730** -13.584**
[112.573] [157.455] [161.536] [163.137]
Años de escolaridad 0.342* 0.347 0.352 0.345
[0.145] [0.184] [0.188] [0.190]
Individualismo 0.062 -0.236 -0.284 -0.228
[0.020] [0.028] [0.032] [0.029]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.142 -0.104 -0.113 -0.129
[1.074] [1.424] [1.458] [1.336]
Latitud 0.059 0.991** 0.991** 0.990**
[2.378] [4.230] [4.361] [4.185]
F 6.206 3.685 3.69 3.007
p(APF) 0.004 0.036 0.036 0.063
p(APChi2) 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.007
X
arrollo Económico excluyendo Efectos Continentales Fijos
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.113 0.197 0.218 0.228 0.207*

[0.006] [0.010] [0.011] [0.011] [0.010]
0.339*** 0.540*** 0.520*** 0.499*** 0.515***
[0.003] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
0.059 0.063 0.052 0.075 0.028
[0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.151*** -0.333*** -0.283*** -0.366*** -0.234***
[0.025] [0.032] [0.035] [0.044] [0.035]
-0.029 -0.109 -0.141 -0.101 -0.114
[0.111] [0.147] [0.138] [0.153] [0.133]
55 55 55 55 55
0.943 0.887 0.888 0.881 0.902
0.378 0.988 0.975 0.805 0.698
0.049 0.033 0.039 0.031 0.034
0.279 0.258 0.206 0.183 0.18
0.232* 0.307* 0.344* 0.350* 0.327*

[0.078] [0.106] [0.117] [0.116] [0.104]
0.183** 0.395*** 0.363*** 0.366*** 0.362***
[0.035] [0.051] [0.051] [0.050] [0.047]
0.101 0.104 0.101 0.103 0.069
[0.005] [0.006] [0.006] [0.007] [0.006]
-0.098 -0.280*** -0.268*** -0.288*** -0.180**
[0.310] [0.340] [0.349] [0.433] [0.362]
-0.078 -0.16 -0.169 -0.15 -0.165
[1.194] [1.507] [1.424] [1.484] [1.389]
55 55 55 55 55
0.888 0.823 0.81 0.807 0.834
0.474 0.873 0.946 0.829 0.684
0.049 0.033 0.039 0.031 0.034
0.074 0.115 0.07 0.068 0.07
0.239** 0.316* 0.345* 0.358* 0.337**

[0.055] [0.085] [0.098] [0.099] [0.084]
0.097 0.340*** 0.295*** 0.283*** 0.292***
[0.023] [0.039] [0.038] [0.038] [0.033]
0.167** 0.167 0.164 0.178 0.128
[0.003] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
-0.076 -0.273*** -0.243*** -0.295*** -0.152**
[0.216] [0.246] [0.292] [0.326] [0.267]
0.009 -0.09 -0.085 -0.064 -0.086
[0.813] [1.179] [1.140] [1.215] [1.037]
54 54 54 54 54
0.913 0.835 0.819 0.812 0.851
0.874 0.78 0.607 0.527 0.997
0.066 0.04 0.061 0.05 0.053
0.028 0.068 0.049 0.046 0.042
0.129 0.119 0.068 0.088 0.104

[0.021] [0.020] [0.020] [0.019] [0.020]
0.329** 0.293** 0.339** 0.325** 0.306**
[0.015] [0.015] [0.015] [0.018] [0.016]
0.376*** 0.368*** 0.340** 0.359** 0.379**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.092 0.118* 0.216* 0.138 0.1
[0.076] [0.073] [0.121] [0.135] [0.114]
0.342 0.377* 0.325 0.376 0.368
[0.339] [0.313] [0.333] [0.352] [0.335]
54 54 54 54 54
0.766 0.766 0.765 0.756 0.761
0.855 0.767 0.786 0.903 0.835
0.063 0.025 0.029 0.022 0.03
0.661 0.723 0.838 0.807 0.773
14.070** 14.598** 13.681** 14.077** 14.061**

[218.802] [213.965] [211.061] [212.922] [210.752]
-13.893** -14.442** -13.461** -13.894** -13.880**
[165.900] [162.836] [160.043] [161.928] [160.071]
0.343 0.323 0.371 0.339 0.349
[0.214] [0.202] [0.192] [0.200] [0.191]
-0.237 -0.225 -0.283 -0.234 -0.242
[0.029] [0.029] [0.028] [0.029] [0.031]
-0.1 -0.106 -0.016 -0.122 -0.096
[1.497] [1.447] [1.306] [1.394] [1.318]
0.989** 1.035** 0.886* 0.987** 0.986**
[4.373] [4.517] [4.478] [4.322] [4.418]
55 55 55 55 55
0.206 0.217 0.213 0.212 0.211
3.387 3.832 3.533 3.836 3.531
0.046 0.032 0.041 0.032 0.041
0.004 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
No No No No No
No No No No No
Sí No No No No
No Sí No No No
No No Sí No No
No No No Sí No
No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Libertad para el Comercio Internacional y Diferentes Medidas de Desarroll
(1) (2) (3)
Libertad para el Comercio Internacional 0.243 0.349** 0.357*
[0.017] [0.015] [0.017]
[0.008] [0.006] [0.007]
[0.000] [0.000] [0.001]
[0.032] [0.029] [0.030]
Latitud 0.041 -0.064 -0.071
[0.071] [0.125] [0.141]
p(OID) 0.747 0.877 0.891
p(UID) 0.102 0.046 0.065
p(A-R) 0.465 0.235 0.276
Libertad para el Comercio Internacional 0.365 0.474** 0.475**
[0.173] [0.134] [0.157]
Años de escolaridad 0.295 0.245* 0.242*
[0.092] [0.061] [0.063]
[0.004] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.255] [0.251] [0.259]
Latitud 0.093 -0.049 -0.046
[0.574] [1.130] [1.322]
p(OID) 0.795 0.837 0.728
p(UID) 0.102 0.046 0.065
p(A-R) 0.4 0.18 0.233
Libertad para el Comercio Internacional 0.632** 0.651*** 0.686***
[0.165] [0.101] [0.137]
[0.081] [0.049] [0.056]
Individualismo 0.174** 0.165* 0.176
[0.003] [0.004] [0.005]
[0.251] [0.223] [0.246]
Latitud 0.043 -0.083 -0.114
[0.506] [0.815] [1.147]
Observaciones < 54 54
p(OID) 0.887 0.657 0.678
p(UID) 0.109 0.077 0.133
p(A-R) 0.104 0.043 0.059
[0.057] [0.034] [0.037]
Años de escolaridad 0.006 0.286* 0.281
[0.031] [0.018] [0.019]
Individualismo 0.296** 0.357*** 0.361**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.063 0.120* 0.119
[0.092] [0.073] [0.075]
Latitud 0.212 0.385 0.377
[0.214] [0.348] [0.368]
p(OID) 0.689 0.826 0.847
p(UID) 0.11 0.041 0.076
p(A-R) 0.112 0.803 0.808
Panel E: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es Libertad para el Comercio Internacional
DGP - Término Lineal 12.886*** 14.108** 13.945**
[149.049] [207.654] [212.177]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -12.703*** -13.932** -13.730**
[112.573] [157.455] [161.536]
Años de escolaridad 0.342* 0.347 0.352
[0.145] [0.184] [0.188]
[0.020] [0.028] [0.032]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.142 -0.104 -0.113
[1.074] [1.424] [1.458]
Latitud 0.059 0.991** 0.991**
[2.378] [4.230] [4.361]
R cuadrado parcial (Instrumentos Excluidos) 0.223 0.212 0.213
F 6.206 3.685 3.69
p(APF) 0.004 0.036 0.036
p(APChi2) 0.001 0.003 0.002
TABLA X
es Medidas de Desarrollo Económico excluyendo Efectos Continentales Fijos
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.394** 0.116 0.335 0.321* 0.347** 0.309

[0.014] [0.016] [0.019] [0.015] [0.015] [0.017]
0.400*** 0.351*** 0.434*** 0.441*** 0.421*** 0.439***
[0.005] [0.004] [0.008] [0.007] [0.006] [0.006]
0.049 0.037 0.048 0.034 0.05 0.022
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.320*** -0.178** -0.359*** -0.300*** -0.367*** -0.287***
[0.031] [0.041] [0.030] [0.035] [0.038] [0.041]
-0.081 0.049 -0.065 -0.097 -0.063 -0.062
[0.129] [0.132] [0.130] [0.118] [0.127] [0.134]
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.911 0.932 0.904 0.911 0.904 0.913
0.72 0.645 0.842 0.647 0.858 0.565
0.035 0.147 0.13 0.051 0.045 0.086
0.099 0.747 0.371 0.26 0.254 0.288
0.504*** 0.303 0.460* 0.461** 0.495** 0.444*

[0.128] [0.180] [0.165] [0.146] [0.142] [0.160]
0.230* 0.190** 0.256* 0.254* 0.259** 0.257*
[0.056] [0.043] [0.070] [0.064] [0.058] [0.063]
0.072 0.064 0.072 0.064 0.059 0.049
[0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
-0.282*** -0.173* -0.306*** -0.273*** -0.280*** -0.243***
[0.275] [0.438] [0.276] [0.334] [0.310] [0.397]
-0.061 0.033 -0.051 -0.072 -0.063 -0.051
[1.159] [1.319] [1.227] [1.107] [1.127] [1.313]
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.881 0.893 0.878 0.88 0.878 0.885
0.758 0.713 0.797 0.719 0.922 0.604
0.035 0.147 0.13 0.051 0.045 0.086
0.102 0.556 0.321 0.202 0.177 0.269
ores
0.701*** 0.506** 0.667*** 0.651*** 0.661*** 0.637***
[0.090] [0.123] [0.133] [0.116] [0.106] [0.128]
0.077 0.043 0.095 0.104 0.108 0.109
[0.044] [0.028] [0.062] [0.053] [0.048] [0.054]
0.167* 0.159** 0.167* 0.162* 0.160* 0.149
[0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.286*** -0.200** -0.328*** -0.310*** -0.314*** -0.278***
[0.252] [0.344] [0.246] [0.285] [0.253] [0.346]
-0.106 -0.02 -0.092 -0.097 -0.09 -0.091
[0.801] [0.791] [0.905] [0.852] [0.825] [0.926]
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.875 0.92 0.873 0.876 0.874 0.883
0.524 0.45 0.66 0.615 0.68 0.503
0.061 0.171 0.176 0.094 0.075 0.149
0.005 0.028 0.068 0.049 0.046 0.042
0.123 0.406 0.251 0.089 0.147 0.212

[0.030] [0.070] [0.048] [0.040] [0.035] [0.043]
0.251 0.26 0.207 0.321* 0.291 0.236
[0.018] [0.018] [0.023] [0.020] [0.020] [0.023]
0.384*** 0.400*** 0.366*** 0.333** 0.352** 0.393***
[0.001] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.042 -0.047 0.093 0.205* 0.133 0.054
[0.076] [0.195] [0.081] [0.129] [0.132] [0.145]
0.379* 0.253 0.370* 0.346 0.379 0.357
[0.279] [0.421] [0.298] [0.339] [0.350] [0.321]
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.78 0.777 0.772 0.764 0.758 0.767
0.865 0.653 0.967 0.608 0.877 0.998
0.036 0.339 0.132 0.048 0.041 0.139
0.816 0.649 0.722 0.78 0.8 0.771
nacional
13.747** 14.070** 14.598** 13.681** 14.077** 14.061**
[215.783] [218.802] [213.965] [211.061] [212.922] [210.752]
-13.584** -13.893** -14.442** -13.461** -13.894** -13.880**
[163.137] [165.900] [162.836] [160.043] [161.928] [160.071]
0.345 0.343 0.323 0.371 0.339 0.349
[0.190] [0.214] [0.202] [0.192] [0.200] [0.191]
-0.228 -0.237 -0.225 -0.283 -0.234 -0.242
[0.029] [0.029] [0.029] [0.028] [0.029] [0.031]
-0.129 -0.1 -0.106 -0.016 -0.122 -0.096
[1.336] [1.497] [1.447] [1.306] [1.394] [1.318]
0.990** 0.989** 1.035** 0.886* 0.987** 0.986**
[4.185] [4.373] [4.517] [4.478] [4.322] [4.418]
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.201 0.206 0.217 0.213 0.212 0.211
3.007 3.387 3.832 3.533 3.836 3.531
0.063 0.046 0.032 0.041 0.032 0.041
0.007 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003
No No No No No No
Sí No No No No No
No Sí No No No No
No No Sí No No No
No No No Sí No No
No No No No Sí No
No No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Libertad para el Comercio Internacional y Diferentes Medidas de Desarroll
(1) (2) (3)
[0.030] [0.058] [0.065]
Años de escolaridad 0.505*** 0.420*** 0.419**
[0.008] [0.010] [0.010]
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
[0.039] [0.038] [0.037]
Latitud 0.134 -0.08 -0.079
[0.074] [0.230] [0.258]
p(OID) 0.906 0.601 0.56
p(UID) 0.166 0.456 0.555
p(A-R) 0.465 0.235 0.276
[0.336] [0.661] [0.675]
[0.098] [0.112] [0.111]
[0.007] [0.009] [0.009]
[0.363] [0.432] [0.401]
Latitud 0.231* -0.066 -0.029
[0.737] [2.359] [2.414]
p(OID) 0.837 0.535 0.436
p(UID) 0.166 0.456 0.555
p(A-R) 0.4 0.18 0.233
[0.358] [0.874] [0.916]
[0.094] [0.105] [0.106]
[0.008] [0.012] [0.012]
[0.398] [0.637] [0.634]
Latitud 0.290* -0.201 -0.177
[0.811] [2.957] [3.130]
p(OID) 0.862 0.796 0.72
p(UID) 0.13 0.504 0.58
p(A-R) 0.104 0.043 0.059
Libertad para el Comercio Internacional 0.432** 0.147 0.155
[0.053] [0.080] [0.097]
Años de escolaridad 0.187 0.293* 0.29
[0.019] [0.018] [0.021]
Individualismo 0.116 0.321** 0.320**
[0.002] [0.001] [0.002]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.063 0.129** 0.129*
[0.077] [0.068] [0.069]
Latitud 0.406*** 0.4 0.396
[0.153] [0.390] [0.448]
p(OID) 0.354 0.62 0.604
p(UID) 0.162 0.474 0.613
p(A-R) 0.112 0.803 0.808
Panel E: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es Libertad para el Comercio Internacional
DGP - Término Lineal 4.708 4.187 4.158
[86.387] [115.934] [119.158]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -4.889 -4.346 -4.305
[64.258] [86.638] [89.523]
Años de escolaridad 0.382** 0.285 0.287
[0.063] [0.083] [0.085]
Individualismo 0.402** 0.248 0.235
[0.009] [0.014] [0.016]
[0.521] [0.932] [0.958]
Latitud -0.065 0.6 0.599
[1.458] [2.251] [2.291]
R cuadrado parcial (Instrumentos Excluidos) 0.057 0.032 0.028
F 1.348 0.416 0.322
p(APF) 0.269 0.663 0.727
p(APChi2) 0.214 0.514 0.589
TABLA X
es Medidas de Desarrollo Económico excluyendo Efectos Continentales Fijos
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.462 0.045 0.348 0.365 0.46 0.236

[0.052] [0.034] [0.049] [0.048] [0.062] [0.041]
0.416*** 0.364*** 0.475*** 0.460*** 0.418*** 0.496***
[0.008] [0.005] [0.009] [0.009] [0.009] [0.007]
-0.068 0.017 -0.038 -0.057 -0.054 -0.064
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.259*** -0.146*** -0.329*** -0.268*** -0.345*** -0.223***
[0.034] [0.033] [0.033] [0.038] [0.045] [0.035]
-0.05 0.102 -0.052 -0.086 -0.078 0.013
[0.202] [0.135] [0.200] [0.188] [0.242] [0.175]
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.848 0.927 0.859 0.861 0.817 0.897
0.355 0.508 0.525 0.432 0.587 0.268
0.462 0.54 0.504 0.551 0.491 0.494
0.099 0.747 0.371 0.26 0.254 0.288
0.605 0.232 0.471 0.561 0.678 0.377

[0.624] [0.471] [0.525] [0.633] [0.752] [0.465]
0.245 0.193 0.315 0.269 0.248 0.326*
[0.108] [0.068] [0.094] [0.108] [0.115] [0.087]
-0.078 -0.001 -0.045 -0.071 -0.092 -0.077
[0.009] [0.006] [0.008] [0.009] [0.011] [0.007]
-0.203** -0.1 -0.265*** -0.229** -0.248** -0.154*
[0.406] [0.378] [0.373] [0.428] [0.546] [0.363]
-0.028 0.104 -0.03 -0.075 -0.097 0.034
[2.131] [1.611] [2.085] [2.135] [2.620] [1.886]
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.726 0.864 0.769 0.728 0.653 0.818
0.349 0.439 0.455 0.443 0.589 0.267
0.462 0.54 0.504 0.551 0.491 0.494
0.102 0.556 0.321 0.202 0.177 0.269
ores
1.141 0.647 0.787 0.966 1.063 0.772
[0.925] [0.647] [0.584] [0.848] [0.951] [0.614]
0.066 0.027 0.215 0.127 0.116 0.173
[0.110] [0.056] [0.076] [0.104] [0.105] [0.077]
-0.141 -0.02 -0.061 -0.105 -0.127 -0.106
[0.013] [0.009] [0.009] [0.012] [0.014] [0.009]
-0.232 -0.146 -0.310*** -0.285 -0.319* -0.178
[0.566] [0.591] [0.450] [0.658] [0.704] [0.447]
-0.228 -0.045 -0.146 -0.211 -0.22 -0.104
[2.899] [2.032] [2.214] [2.754] [3.159] [2.069]
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.217 0.721 0.571 0.377 0.255 0.605
0.621 0.548 0.653 0.728 0.831 0.493
0.524 0.616 0.436 0.569 0.544 0.51
0.005 0.028 0.068 0.049 0.046 0.042
0.135 0.171 0.284 -0.004 0.17 0.22

[0.075] [0.106] [0.106] [0.122] [0.084] [0.092]
0.262 0.313* 0.222 0.366 0.293* 0.257
[0.017] [0.018] [0.022] [0.027] [0.018] [0.021]
0.347*** 0.318** 0.302** 0.317*** 0.312** 0.327**
[0.001] [0.002] [0.002] [0.001] [0.002] [0.002]
0.062 0.086 0.115* 0.222* 0.142 0.096
[0.073] [0.097] [0.070] [0.130] [0.129] [0.111]
0.393 0.407 0.367 0.407 0.388 0.372
[0.340] [0.433] [0.375] [0.432] [0.400] [0.390]
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.791 0.782 0.79 0.749 0.78 0.786
0.654 0.407 0.637 0.492 0.648 0.638
0.467 0.639 0.529 0.589 0.507 0.573
0.816 0.649 0.722 0.78 0.8 0.771
nacional
3.652 3.672 4.184 4.091 4.164 4.221
[115.661] [123.935] [119.533] [118.948] [119.518] [118.476]
-3.828 -3.819 -4.342 -4.232 -4.319 -4.383
[86.328] [92.439] [89.460] [89.076] [89.556] [88.690]
0.284 0.24 0.285 0.294 0.281 0.284
[0.084] [0.097] [0.095] [0.090] [0.092] [0.087]
0.26 0.243 0.248 0.232 0.25 0.253
[0.014] [0.014] [0.014] [0.014] [0.014] [0.015]
0.039 0.128 0.085 0.112 0.076 0.079
[0.931] [1.086] [0.944] [0.853] [1.110] [0.941]
0.595 0.586 0.599 0.563 0.598 0.604
[2.190] [2.269] [2.298] [2.521] [2.285] [2.286]
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.031 0.024 0.029 0.028 0.03 0.031
0.407 0.326 0.379 0.326 0.36 0.39
0.669 0.724 0.688 0.724 0.7 0.68
0.511 0.585 0.536 0.585 0.553 0.526
No No No No No No
Sí No No No No No
No Sí No No No No
No No Sí No No No
No No No Sí No No
No No No No Sí No
No No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Efecto Relativo de Tamaño del Gobierno sobre Índice de Desarro
(2) (3) (4)
A1_8500 0.012 0.02 -0.024
[0.008] [0.008] [0.009]
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
[0.038] [0.038] [0.037]
Latitud 0.125 0.121 0.113
[0.111] [0.110] [0.105]
[0.001]
Transición a la agricultura 1500 -0.107*
[0.005]
Adopción tecnología 1500
Historia del Estado 1500
Proximidad genética a la frontera global
Proximidad geográfica a la frontera global
Controles geográficos extendidos Sí Sí Sí

phumid 0 0 0
ptemp 0.286 0.25 0.082
pnr 0.226 0.385 0.136
R2_a 0.908 0.905 0.909
p(OID) 0.168 0.337 0.25
p(UID) 0.122 0.138 0.074
p(P-H) 0.991 0.986 0.992
p(P-H-N) 0.984 0.973 0.968
p(A-R) 0 0 0
Panel B: Primera Etapa. Variable dependiente es
DGP - Término Lineal -3.594 0.169 -2.647
[66.180] [64.684] [89.281]
DGP - Término Cuadrático 3.395 0.215 2.966
[49.516] [48.440] [62.851]
Años de escolaridad 0.338* 0.316 0.313*
[0.067] [0.069] [0.052]
Individualismo -0.750*** -0.850*** -0.465*
[0.005] [0.009] [0.009]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.429*** 0.343* 0.231
[0.420] [0.633] [0.519]
Latitud 1.037*** 0.840** 0.918**
[1.117] [1.367] [1.735]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 36.315 55.318 56.059
p(B-P) 0.788 0.163 0.147
nr2 33.553 34.282 49.61
nr2p 0.874 0.899 0.331
LA X Tamaño del Gobierno
no sobre Índice de Desarrollo Humano Índice de Desarrollo Humano

(5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.028 0.014 0.01 0.015 0.017

[0.006] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008]
0.384*** 0.499*** 0.493*** 0.463*** 0.491***
[0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.026 -0.006 -0.017 -0.004 -0.015
[0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.140** -0.239*** -0.234*** -0.271*** -0.234***
[0.036] [0.037] [0.038] [0.040] [0.039]
0.12 0.101 0.107 0.123 0.116
[0.103] [0.119] [0.105] [0.110] [0.110]
0.322***
[0.059]
0.039
[0.038]
0.037
[0.070]
-0.056
[0.046]
0.037
[0.021]
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
0 0 0 0 0
0.699 0.32 0.706 0.205 0.428
0.001 0.221 0.359 0.203 0.316
55 55 55 55 55
0.92 0.906 0.906 0.907 0.906
0.373 0.166 0.207 0.096 0.243
0.085 0.125 0.126 0.063 0.099
0.986 0.995 0.983 0.999 0.977
0.828 0.991 0.985 0.994 0.971
0 0 0 0 0
-7.787** -1.899 -3.197 5.341 -5.653
[43.396] [81.745] [50.007] [96.025] [77.295]
7.571** 2.043 2.907 -5.283 5.479
[31.002] [59.021] [37.782] [70.980] [59.000]
0.440*** 0.522 0.273 0.534** 0.263
[0.039] [0.136] [0.056] [0.078] [0.072]
-1.058*** -0.875*** -0.746*** -0.716** -0.707***
[0.005] [0.010] [0.005] [0.010] [0.005]
0.223** 0.430** 0.386*** -0.009 0.389**
[0.307] [0.479] [0.379] [0.645] [0.466]
0.951*** 1.008*** 1.135*** 0.68 1.100***
[0.807] [1.359] [1.080] [2.281] [1.062]
55 55 55 55 55
80.963 39.91 58.844 64.182 32.199
0.001 0.724 0.097 0.02 0.939
37.236 36.851 45.776 35.065 26.359
0.818 0.83 0.482 0.8 0.991
amaño del Gobierno
ndice de Desarrollo Humano

TABLA X
Efecto Relativo de Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad sobre Í
(1) (2) (3)
A2_8500 0.233 0.337*** 0.343***
[0.021] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.008] [0.003] [0.003]
[0.001] [0.000] [0.000]
[0.041] [0.029] [0.027]
Latitud -0.073 -0.049 -0.051
[0.076] [0.088] [0.087]
[0.001]
Transición a la agricultura 1500

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.001 0
pnr 0 0
R2_a 0.884 0.943 0.942
p(OID) 0.215 0.328 0.413
p(UID) 0.39 0.027 0.044
p(P-H) 0.18 0.948 0.977
p(P-H-N) 0.365 0.67 0.747
p(A-R) 0 0 0
[111.583] [87.489] [116.160]
[84.358] [67.922] [87.338]
Años de escolaridad 0.441*** 0.313** 0.277*
[0.084] [0.066] [0.079]
Individualismo 0.061 0.234* 0.319
[0.011] [0.008] [0.013]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.037 0.209* 0.198
[0.571] [0.590] [0.702]
Latitud 0.188 0.566** 0.429
[1.440] [1.473] [1.927]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 11.707 39.699 40.99
p(B-P) 0.764 0.656 0.682
nr2 13.899 39.936 45.378
nr2p 0.606 0.646 0.498
TABLA X
chos de Propiedad sobre Índice de Desarrollo Humano
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.366*** 0.313*** 0.361*** 0.368*** 0.354*** 0.336***

[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
0.377*** 0.326*** 0.376*** 0.395*** 0.374*** 0.392***
[0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
-0.047 -0.024 -0.049 -0.065 -0.046 -0.051
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.270*** -0.189*** -0.268*** -0.256*** -0.279*** -0.260***
[0.029] [0.027] [0.029] [0.029] [0.033] [0.031]
-0.068 -0.034 -0.054 -0.107 -0.058 -0.053
[0.085] [0.084] [0.087] [0.079] [0.087] [0.086]
-0.014
[0.004]
0.224***
[0.056]
-0.013
[0.027]
0.083
[0.043]
-0.022
[0.048]
0.024
[0.016]
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.068 0 0.028 0.001 0.002
0 0 0 0 0 0
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.942 0.948 0.942 0.944 0.942 0.942
0.276 0.318 0.342 0.376 0.441 0.398
0.116 0.096 0.056 0.044 0.082 0.034
0.986 0.937 0.976 0.987 0.988 0.989
0.853 0.358 0.747 0.94 0.846 0.84
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.683 3.291 5.085 4.135 -1.718 2.801
[121.793] [89.776] [89.853] [75.062] [69.246] [73.518]
-1.211 -3.805 -5.516 -4.145 1.322 -3.157
[100.176] [73.376] [65.259] [56.226] [53.037] [56.124]
0.318** 0.265 0.489** 0.399*** 0.309** 0.299**
[0.076] [0.093] [0.095] [0.075] [0.072] [0.066]
0.147 0.337* 0.300** 0.23 0.36 0.257*
[0.008] [0.012] [0.008] [0.013] [0.017] [0.008]
0.129 0.350** 0.227 0.148 0.015 0.134
[0.682] [0.826] [0.907] [0.655] [0.889] [0.707]
0.505** 0.382 0.493** 0.881*** 0.388 0.736***
[1.373] [2.384] [1.360] [2.000] [2.298] [1.751]
55 55 55 55 55 55
35.954 42.598 56.879 45.492 26.494 51.731
0.856 0.616 0.131 0.493 0.977 0.26
47.709 47.656 44.892 41.822 38.366 39.753
0.403 0.405 0.519 0.648 0.672 0.73

TABLA X
Efecto Relativo de Estabilidad Monetaria sobre Índice de D
(1) (2) (3)
A3_8500 0.089 0.176*** 0.172***
[0.005] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.005] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001]
[0.040] [0.035] [0.035]
Latitud -0.071 -0.118 -0.113
[0.079] [0.080] [0.081]
[0.001]

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.002 0.004
pnr 0.021 0.035
R2_a 0.884 0.932 0.93
p(OID) 0.044 0.665 0.584
p(UID) 0.181 0.168 0.177
p(P-H) 0.835 0.87 0.896
p(P-H-N) 0.881 0.973 0.982
p(A-R) 0.029 0 0
DGP - Término Lineal 12.147* 0.373 -5.511
[205.977] [184.958] [336.132]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -12.152** -0.282 5.897
[144.981] [135.211] [250.317]
Años de escolaridad 0.338** 0.320** 0.436*
[0.102] [0.103] [0.166]
Individualismo 0.216 -0.562** -0.687***
[0.017] [0.016] [0.015]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.139 -0.01 0.112
[1.216] [1.025] [1.261]
Latitud 0.007 1.485*** 1.310***
[2.559] [2.455] [2.087]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 20.014 39.843 28.87
p(B-P) 0.22 0.65 0.977
nr2 23.164 43.447 36.117
nr2p 0.109 0.495 0.852
TABLA X
onetaria sobre Índice de Desarrollo Humano
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.155*** 0.163*** 0.170*** 0.174*** 0.177*** 0.172***

[0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.451*** 0.347*** 0.464*** 0.442*** 0.420*** 0.454***
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
0.017 0.046 0.021 0.024 0.025 0.013
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001]
-0.276*** -0.163*** -0.270*** -0.279*** -0.312*** -0.266***
[0.037] [0.032] [0.034] [0.035] [0.037] [0.037]
-0.098 -0.102 -0.133 -0.101 -0.122 -0.117
[0.082] [0.074] [0.085] [0.078] [0.083] [0.078]
-0.019
[0.006]
0.342***
[0.049]
0.042
[0.030]
-0.03
[0.056]
-0.071
[0.044]
0.031
[0.016]
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.008 0.193 0.004 0.007 0.001 0.009
0.04 0 0.017 0.088 0.019 0.043
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.93 0.948 0.931 0.93 0.932 0.93
0.554 0.265 0.442 0.589 0.488 0.527
0.269 0.16 0.097 0.141 0.111 0.122
0.904 0.914 0.862 0.962 0.859 0.889
0.985 0.961 0.971 0.988 0.966 0.981
0 0 0 0 0 0
-6.548 -3.666 7.737 -0.85 9.160* 7.339
[173.918] [197.219] [279.433] [274.476] [156.205] [209.457]
6.656 3.383 -8.038 0.828 -8.878* -7.098
[133.028] [144.635] [204.334] [202.705] [112.470] [151.149]
0.125 0.334* 0.157 0.463*** 0.191 0.380*
[0.115] [0.133] [0.129] [0.067] [0.102] [0.140]
-0.087 -0.546** -0.429* -0.458** -0.454*** -0.518*
[0.024] [0.018] [0.017] [0.013] [0.012] [0.023]
0.121 -0.123 -0.269 -0.048 -0.059 -0.38
[0.693] [1.430] [1.132] [0.592] [0.973] [3.081]
0.760** 1.245*** 1.485*** 1.058*** 1.763*** 1.620***
[2.735] [2.834] [3.175] [2.783] [2.190] [2.749]
54 54 54 54 54 54
57.478 55.809 59.566 77.321 68.734 33.583
0.119 0.152 0.086 0.003 0.008 0.913
43.157 48.942 42.477 38.964 44.157 25.981
0.592 0.356 0.621 0.759 0.423 0.992

TABLA X
Efecto Relativo de Libertad para el Comercio Internacional sobre Ín
(1) (2) (3)
A4_8500 0.308*** 0.199*** 0.194***
[0.009] [0.006] [0.006]
[0.005] [0.003] [0.004]
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
[0.039] [0.035] [0.034]
Latitud -0.051 -0.029 -0.025
[0.057] [0.099] [0.098]
[0.001]

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.188 0.221
pnr 0.263 0.347
R2_a 0.912 0.928 0.925
p(OID) 0.415 0.24 0.35
p(UID) 0.199 0.138 0.261
p(P-H) 0.599 0.973 0.951
p(P-H-N) 0.687 0.884 0.821
p(A-R) 0.002 0 0
DGP - Término Lineal 9.004* -6.512 -8.512
[138.391] [113.270] [167.884]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -9.534** 6.352 8.352
[101.108] [84.505] [125.734]
Años de escolaridad 0.213 0.435*** 0.423**
[0.124] [0.080] [0.109]
[0.011] [0.013] [0.015]
[0.577] [0.738] [0.902]
Latitud 0.155 0.932*** 1.102***
[1.394] [1.749] [2.456]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 31.814 66.615 57.267
p(B-P) 0.011 0.015 0.123
nr2 27.748 34.784 29.863
nr2p 0.034 0.839 0.969
TABLA X
cio Internacional sobre Índice de Desarrollo Humano
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.199*** 0.174** 0.210*** 0.207*** 0.196*** 0.201***

[0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.007] [0.006]
0.422*** 0.363*** 0.423*** 0.434*** 0.420*** 0.430***
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.03 0.041 0.026 0.019 0.026 0.022
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.303*** -0.211*** -0.301*** -0.294*** -0.308*** -0.295***
[0.035] [0.034] [0.034] [0.035] [0.036] [0.037]
-0.039 -0.007 -0.034 -0.056 -0.027 -0.033
[0.096] [0.096] [0.099] [0.097] [0.099] [0.098]
-0.037
[0.005]
0.237***
[0.063]
-0.007
[0.034]
0.041
[0.051]
-0.023
[0.045]
0.014
[0.018]
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.134 0.489 0.178 0.498 0.176 0.24
0.24 0.007 0.271 0.273 0.279 0.293
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.926 0.933 0.926 0.926 0.926 0.925
0.253 0.193 0.243 0.325 0.53 0.315
0.169 0.18 0.16 0.187 0.158 0.172
0.978 0.95 0.959 0.962 0.996 0.977
0.865 0.531 0.811 0.891 0.973 0.907
0 0 0 0 0 0
-9.656* -5.585 -7.109** -7.566 -3.23 -10.034**
[156.629] [356.360] [71.843] [146.614] [108.347] [117.765]
9.730* 5.531 7.305** 7.437 3.71 9.895**
[117.812] [265.310] [52.767] [108.992] [84.927] [88.047]
0.351** 0.232 0.671*** 0.358** 0.594** 0.517***
[0.081] [0.190] [0.071] [0.107] [0.143] [0.082]
-0.233 -0.123 -0.333** -0.129 -0.164 -0.259
[0.018] [0.015] [0.008] [0.014] [0.017] [0.014]
0.18 0.246 0.302*** 0.195* 0.07 0.261*
[0.945] [1.580] [0.534] [0.662] [0.872] [0.777]
0.821** 0.684** 0.944*** 0.972*** 1.028*** 1.130***
[2.355] [2.563] [1.168] [1.764] [2.038] [2.098]
55 55 55 55 55 55
69.439 56.733 68.919 87.245 40.84 84.676
0.014 0.133 0.016 0 0.565 0
46.521 40.84 44.984 36.625 47.868 37.31
0.451 0.688 0.515 0.837 0.282 0.816

TABLA X
Efecto Relativo de Regulaciones sobre Índice de Desar
(1) (2) (3)
A5_8500 0.161 0.186*** 0.188***
[0.014] [0.006] [0.006]
[0.005] [0.003] [0.003]
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001]
[0.043] [0.031] [0.032]
Latitud -0.033 -0.012 -0.014
[0.074] [0.090] [0.089]
[0.001]

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.015 0.012
pnr 0.162 0.304
R2_a 0.887 0.935 0.933
p(OID) 0.012 0.192 0.299
p(UID) 0.586 0.157 0.179
p(P-H) 0.431 0.97 0.983
p(P-H-N) 0.605 0.957 0.974
p(A-R) 0 0 0
[119.973] [50.340] [60.175]
[88.175] [36.205] [46.323]
Años de escolaridad 0.424** 0.266** 0.321*
[0.086] [0.050] [0.073]
[0.009] [0.007] [0.009]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.248* 0.162* 0.174
[0.590] [0.358] [0.564]
Latitud 0.049 0.836*** 0.869***
[1.315] [1.204] [1.298]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 16.55 47.42 95.038
p(B-P) 0.415 0.335 0
nr2 19.303 38.385 36.81
nr2p 0.253 0.71 0.831
TABLA X
nes sobre Índice de Desarrollo Humano
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.181*** 0.169*** 0.184*** 0.185*** 0.190*** 0.185***

[0.006] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
0.439*** 0.369*** 0.458*** 0.446*** 0.422*** 0.450***
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
-0.046 -0.024 -0.048 -0.054 -0.048 -0.06
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001]
-0.266*** -0.177*** -0.260*** -0.260*** -0.288*** -0.252***
[0.033] [0.034] [0.031] [0.033] [0.033] [0.034]
-0.016 0.004 -0.035 -0.021 -0.016 -0.02
[0.091] [0.086] [0.094] [0.083] [0.091] [0.087]
-0.028
[0.005]
0.253***
[0.062]
0.042
[0.027]
0.019
[0.056]
-0.049
[0.043]
0.047
[0.016]
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.013 0.216 0.034 0.122 0.013 0.1
0.159 0.001 0.108 0.207 0.125 0.147
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.933 0.942 0.934 0.933 0.933 0.933
0.335 0.559 0.271 0.15 0.151 0.23
0.228 0.14 0.177 0.311 0.221 0.197
0.988 0.977 0.986 0.975 0.968 0.985
0.975 0.923 0.981 0.979 0.917 0.988
0 0 0 0 0 0
5.563 -2.562 3.369 1.682 5.385 1.965
[162.826] [59.252] [53.891] [52.773] [62.314] [61.301]
-5.812 2.914 -3.412 -1.579 -5.458 -1.949
[120.876] [48.155] [39.932] [37.599] [46.655] [44.318]
0.238 0.364*** 0.173 0.283* 0.248* 0.179
[0.057] [0.043] [0.056] [0.053] [0.053] [0.090]
0.175 -0.089 0.163 0.098 0.175 0.234
[0.007] [0.006] [0.006] [0.008] [0.008] [0.010]
0.129 0.177** 0.118 0.18 -0.018 0.093
[0.498] [0.300] [0.468] [0.488] [0.507] [0.628]
0.644** 1.210*** 0.793** 0.916** 0.579** 0.869**
[1.469] [1.029] [1.397] [1.569] [1.048] [1.693]
55 55 55 55 55 55
64.239 58.42 51.501 45.236 38.931 36.725
0.039 0.103 0.267 0.504 0.648 0.834
38.077 48.735 37.13 46.959 44.374 38.888
0.791 0.364 0.822 0.433 0.414 0.762
Regulaciones

TABLA X
Efecto Relativo de Tamaño del Gobierno sobre Índice de D
(1) (2) (3)
A1_8500 0.171** 0.109** 0.093*
[0.013] [0.008] [0.008]
[0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
[0.038] [0.039] [0.038]
Latitud 0.153 0.169 0.175
[0.077] [0.102] [0.103]
[0.001]

Efectos continentales fijos No No No
phumid 0.005 0.005
ptemp 0.089 0.137
pnr 0.101 0.139
p(OID) 0.185 0.355 0.206
p(UID) 0.327 0.074 0.116
p(P-H) 0.419 0.944 0.977
p(P-H-N) 0.197 0.971 0.993
p(A-R) 0.001 0 0
DGP - Término Lineal 6.005 -2.516 -2.915
[61.228] [44.801] [43.787]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -6.373* 2.587 3.074
[45.950] [33.653] [32.922]
Años de escolaridad 0.318 0.642*** 0.673***
[0.072] [0.043] [0.038]
Individualismo -0.051 -0.818*** -0.907***
[0.009] [0.008] [0.006]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.109 -0.197 -0.191
[0.507] [0.402] [0.481]
Latitud -0.107 0.797** 0.751***
[1.157] [1.680] [1.171]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 6.448 34.212 55.708
p(B-P) 0.776 0.645 0.05
nr2 6.723 28.459 30.111
nr2p 0.751 0.869 0.872
TABLA X
obierno sobre Índice de Desarrollo Humano
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.119** 0.052 0.110** 0.084 0.099** 0.07

[0.008] [0.005] [0.008] [0.009] [0.008] [0.008]
0.534*** 0.361*** 0.558*** 0.557*** 0.531*** 0.552***
[0.005] [0.004] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
0.046 0.048 0.058 0.023 0.053 -0.002
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.263*** -0.142*** -0.310*** -0.243*** -0.343*** -0.215***
[0.040] [0.031] [0.036] [0.041] [0.044] [0.042]
0.187 0.115 0.115 0.102 0.17 0.136
[0.107] [0.083] [0.115] [0.095] [0.102] [0.106]
0.154***
[0.005]
0.450***
[0.040]
0.1
[0.046]
0.183**
[0.051]
-0.037
[0.062]
0.260***
[0.018]
No No No No No No
0 0 0.004 0 0.003 0
0.191 0.031 0.189 0.111 0.117 0.391
0.121 0 0.039 0.046 0.134 0.052
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.88 0.923 0.87 0.877 0.865 0.885
0.635 0.363 0.303 0.438 0.112 0.495
0.109 0.073 0.098 0.104 0.079 0.101
0.978 0.994 0.895 0.817 0.963 0.812
0.996 0.918 0.985 0.894 0.984 0.976
0 0 0 0 0 0
-0.606 -0.168 -2.83 -3.096 -0.564 -2.814
[49.117] [48.242] [68.233] [60.802] [50.102] [58.262]
0.676 0.319 2.935 3.122 0.563 2.778
[36.905] [36.659] [52.860] [46.887] [37.453] [44.939]
0.618*** 0.553*** 0.635*** 0.667*** 0.648*** 0.671***
[0.051] [0.060] [0.055] [0.052] [0.044] [0.048]
-0.729** -0.798*** -0.839*** -0.835*** -0.827*** -0.890***
[0.010] [0.008] [0.011] [0.009] [0.008] [0.008]
-0.335** -0.198 -0.221 -0.023 -0.14 -0.045
[0.447] [0.554] [0.542] [0.486] [0.510] [0.414]
0.557 0.805** 0.778** 0.856 0.769** 0.985**
[2.038] [1.742] [1.691] [2.405] [1.718] [1.919]
56 56 56 56 56 56
35.841 46.6 38.841 46.772 42.231 39.844
0.658 0.219 0.522 0.214 0.375 0.477
29.101 36.131 32.047 34.715 30.341 35.524
0.899 0.645 0.811 0.707 0.865 0.672

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A2_8500 0.432* 0.399*** 0.397***
[0.024] [0.007] [0.007]
[0.008] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.001] [0.000] [0.000]
[0.040] [0.030] [0.030]
Latitud -0.018 0.018 0.023
[0.075] [0.084] [0.086]
[0.001]

phumid 0.002 0.002
ptemp 0.005 0.007
pnr 0.004 0.006
p(OID) 0.336 0.264 0.276
p(UID) 0.712 0.079 0.111
p(P-H) 0.095 0.943 0.936
p(P-H-N) 0.133 0.984 0.986
p(A-R) 0.004 0 0
DGP - Término Lineal 2.523 -2.985* -2.764**
[71.476] [44.898] [36.435]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -2.42 2.879* 2.572*
[53.277] [33.225] [27.747]
[0.064] [0.039] [0.041]
Individualismo 0.136 0.328** 0.565***
[0.008] [0.010] [0.012]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.173* 0.052 0.086
[0.603] [0.487] [0.434]
Latitud 0.114 0.467** 0.411**
[1.231] [1.386] [1.356]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 14.203 23.325 21.647
p(B-P) 0.164 0.97 0.992
nr2 15.61 31.085 28.878
nr2p 0.111 0.779 0.904
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.425*** 0.331*** 0.382*** 0.416*** 0.393*** 0.383***

[0.007] [0.005] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
0.417*** 0.281*** 0.449*** 0.431*** 0.417*** 0.433***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.106 -0.051 -0.082 -0.109* -0.079 -0.117**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.257*** -0.165*** -0.318*** -0.232*** -0.348*** -0.219***
[0.029] [0.025] [0.028] [0.032] [0.033] [0.032]
0.031 -0.011 -0.008 -0.074 0.019 -0.016
[0.087] [0.069] [0.095] [0.074] [0.084] [0.090]
0.178***
[0.004]
0.392***
[0.038]
0.063
[0.045]
0.209***
[0.036]
-0.043
[0.071]
0.248***
[0.014]
No No No No No No
0 0 0.002 0 0.001 0
0.031 0.102 0.014 0.008 0.009 0.091
0 0 0.003 0 0.016 0
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.92 0.944 0.902 0.917 0.9 0.919
0.525 0.308 0.288 0.29 0.313 0.315
0.092 0.204 0.114 0.089 0.065 0.106
0.951 0.875 0.808 0.752 0.96 0.686
0.991 0.863 0.97 0.94 0.994 0.95
0 0 0 0 0 0
e Propiedad
-2.357 -1.197 -3.270* -3.050* -3.200* -3.633**
[46.653] [38.749] [46.371] [46.047] [51.580] [48.624]
2.302 1.088 3.200* 2.944* 3.119* 3.511*
[35.126] [28.914] [34.385] [34.060] [38.222] [36.014]
0.387*** 0.277*** 0.413*** 0.384*** 0.404*** 0.387***
[0.043] [0.040] [0.048] [0.040] [0.045] [0.045]
0.268 0.290** 0.357** 0.335* 0.309* 0.397**
[0.011] [0.007] [0.011] [0.011] [0.012] [0.013]
-0.022 0.221* 0.051 0.073 0.021 0.094
[0.550] [0.652] [0.433] [0.626] [0.732] [0.628]
0.509*** 0.524*** 0.399** 0.432** 0.456** 0.379*
[1.365] [1.059] [1.513] [1.515] [1.741] [1.732]
56 56 56 56 56 56
27.949 41.172 25.978 23.476 22.214 30.23
0.925 0.419 0.958 0.983 0.99 0.869
30.579 45.624 36.803 29.398 31.694 44.947
0.858 0.25 0.615 0.891 0.823 0.272

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A3_8500 0.055 0.218*** 0.201***
[0.008] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.005] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
[0.036] [0.036] [0.035]
Latitud 0.062 -0.086 -0.062
[0.084] [0.100] [0.099]
[0.001]

phumid 0.001 0.001
ptemp 0.042 0.046
pnr 0.018 0.033
p(OID) 0.236 0.37 0.274
p(UID) 0.196 0.139 0.246
p(P-H) 0.696 0.932 0.956
p(P-H-N) 0.748 0.98 0.993
p(A-R) 0.049 0 0
DGP - Término Lineal 11.243*** 4.105 1.969
[137.967] [88.215] [62.277]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -11.139*** -4.05 -1.886
[103.696] [64.609] [45.771]
Años de escolaridad 0.311 0.264** 0.292***
[0.139] [0.070] [0.045]
Individualismo 0.157 -0.452*** -0.451***
[0.015] [0.010] [0.009]
[0.794] [0.714] [0.454]
Latitud 0.06 1.577*** 1.461***
[2.114] [2.088] [1.177]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 28.555 64.967 47.31
p(B-P) 0.001 0.004 0.199
nr2 15.604 44.756 38.623
nr2p 0.112 0.209 0.532
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.236*** 0.175*** 0.219*** 0.188*** 0.223*** 0.207***

[0.005] [0.003] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
0.506*** 0.322*** 0.532*** 0.530*** 0.501*** 0.515***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
0.058 0.078 0.07 0.042 0.073 0.028
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.277*** -0.157*** -0.334*** -0.278*** -0.366*** -0.234***
[0.033] [0.026] [0.033] [0.035] [0.044] [0.036]
-0.085 -0.107 -0.137 -0.106 -0.094 -0.114
[0.092] [0.063] [0.101] [0.092] [0.102] [0.088]
0.187***
[0.006]
0.464***
[0.037]
0.093
[0.044]
0.147**
[0.041]
-0.036
[0.064]
0.259***
[0.015]
No No No No No No
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.059 0.005 0.084 0.066 0.033 0.073
0.005 0 0.003 0.003 0.031 0.001
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.903 0.945 0.886 0.89 0.881 0.902
0.237 0.248 0.381 0.22 0.443 0.394
0.164 0.093 0.173 0.135 0.184 0.19
0.866 0.95 0.939 0.774 0.967 0.939
0.88 0.989 0.985 0.927 0.99 0.994
0 0 0 0 0 0
5.993 6.044* 5.414 2.462 5.434* 4.931
[172.854] [99.643] [120.840] [49.688] [88.570] [155.833]
-5.928 -5.937* -5.394 -2.421 -5.337* -4.874
[127.130] [73.119] [89.811] [36.295] [64.503] [115.385]
0.274** 0.324*** 0.228* 0.362*** 0.168 0.264**
[0.090] [0.067] [0.088] [0.054] [0.083] [0.072]
-0.497** -0.547*** -0.458** -0.549*** -0.376*** -0.466***
[0.015] [0.011] [0.014] [0.010] [0.009] [0.011]
0.093 0.005 0.121 0.156* 0.033 0.106
[1.240] [0.910] [0.925] [0.531] [0.836] [1.804]
1.622*** 1.724*** 1.575*** 1.652*** 1.572*** 1.595***
[2.272] [1.947] [2.232] [1.942] [1.594] [1.908]
55 55 55 55 55 55
44.005 41.13 45.37 26.635 70.355 76.714
0.306 0.421 0.258 0.948 0.002 0
41.234 38.851 45.099 32.293 42.744 48.329
0.416 0.522 0.267 0.802 0.354 0.172

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A4_8500 0.156 0.309*** 0.299***
[0.013] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.007] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.001] [0.000] [0.000]
[0.033] [0.031] [0.031]
Latitud 0.058 -0.033 -0.026
[0.064] [0.087] [0.086]
[0.001]

phumid 0.001 0.001
ptemp 0.194 0.197
pnr 0.122 0.132
p(OID) 0.901 0.423 0.377
p(UID) 0.264 0.305 0.149
p(P-H) 0.598 0.837 0.912
p(P-H-N) 0.738 0.954 0.983
p(A-R) 0.786 0 0
DGP - Término Lineal 5.914* -3.86 -1.803
[95.594] [85.263] [50.673]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -5.924* 3.969 1.9
[71.596] [63.885] [37.971]
[0.074] [0.055] [0.050]
Individualismo 0.07 -0.239 -0.352**
[0.011] [0.013] [0.011]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.053 -0.015 0.032
[0.571] [0.628] [0.501]
Latitud 0.099 0.930*** 0.711***
[1.656] [1.943] [1.156]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 34.493 44.651 54.123
p(B-P) 0 0.212 0.067
nr2 25.344 47.147 44.107
nr2p 0.005 0.147 0.302
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.294*** 0.184*** 0.302*** 0.269*** 0.295*** 0.269***

[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
0.446*** 0.336*** 0.450*** 0.465*** 0.443*** 0.457***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
0.033 0.045 0.043 0.025 0.043 0.014
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.309*** -0.199*** -0.355*** -0.291*** -0.365*** -0.277***
[0.032] [0.030] [0.031] [0.035] [0.038] [0.038]
-0.005 0.004 -0.044 -0.063 -0.024 -0.035
[0.087] [0.074] [0.091] [0.085] [0.087] [0.087]
0.129**
[0.005]
0.364***
[0.046]
0.029
[0.039]
0.146**
[0.039]
-0.012
[0.055]
0.184**
[0.016]
No No No No No No
0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0
0.414 0.273 0.264 0.173 0.206 0.451
0.126 0.001 0.105 0.093 0.156 0.108
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.915 0.935 0.904 0.912 0.904 0.914
0.379 0.23 0.224 0.486 0.161 0.502
0.399 0.241 0.222 0.314 0.321 0.227
0.961 0.87 0.822 0.845 0.882 0.938
0.987 0.35 0.955 0.869 0.971 0.965
0 0 0 0 0 0
ernacional
-3.359 -4.751 -4.222 -2.938 -3.217 -1.909
[91.060] [122.445] [94.467] [128.418] [90.666] [112.908]
3.438 4.765 4.39 3.016 3.286 2.049
[68.135] [91.595] [70.687] [95.662] [68.049] [85.733]
0.502*** 0.28 0.671*** 0.543*** 0.517*** 0.567***
[0.074] [0.124] [0.061] [0.061] [0.076] [0.056]
-0.141 -0.209 -0.218 -0.187 -0.228 -0.167
[0.016] [0.016] [0.012] [0.016] [0.014] [0.012]
0.003 0.247 -0.012 0.042 0.013 0.085
[0.686] [1.087] [0.667] [0.813] [0.721] [0.755]
0.873*** 0.972*** 0.765** 0.748** 0.922*** 0.645**
[2.187] [1.978] [2.439] [2.431] [1.931] [2.232]
56 56 56 56 56 56
43.769 39.761 44.831 43.114 35.094 59.065
0.315 0.481 0.276 0.34 0.691 0.026
47.846 31.261 45.744 39.67 46.612 48.331
0.184 0.837 0.246 0.485 0.219 0.172

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A5_8500 0.033 0.178*** 0.188***
[0.019] [0.007] [0.006]
[0.007] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
[0.037] [0.033] [0.032]
Latitud 0.095 0.092 0.09
[0.077] [0.103] [0.103]
[0.001]

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.09 0.121
pnr 0.04 0.068
p(OID) 0.586 0.196 0.211
p(UID) 0.372 0.104 0.113
p(P-H) 0.342 0.8 0.9
p(P-H-N) 0.419 0.998 0.999
p(A-R) 0.413 0 0
DGP - Término Lineal 5.361 3.872* 3.264
[89.214] [42.654] [44.189]
DGP - Término Cuadrático -5.502 -3.856* -3.265
[66.964] [32.146] [33.481]
[0.064] [0.028] [0.039]
Individualismo 0.390** 0.072 -0.099
[0.007] [0.005] [0.006]
[0.538] [0.311] [0.397]
Latitud -0.065 0.603*** 0.654***
[1.439] [0.773] [0.943]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 16.38 35.359 43.648
p(B-P) 0.089 0.592 0.319
nr2 14.432 42.691 35.014
nr2p 0.154 0.277 0.694
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.209*** 0.153*** 0.159*** 0.163*** 0.182*** 0.165***

[0.006] [0.006] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.006]
0.507*** 0.334*** 0.544*** 0.533*** 0.510*** 0.521***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
-0.039 0.005 -0.017 -0.037 -0.02 -0.056
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.269*** -0.156*** -0.324*** -0.254*** -0.349*** -0.221***
[0.030] [0.027] [0.031] [0.034] [0.038] [0.035]
0.098 0.04 0.056 0.026 0.088 0.055
[0.105] [0.075] [0.113] [0.092] [0.104] [0.100]
0.178***
[0.005]
0.435***
[0.033]
0.089
[0.043]
0.184***
[0.041]
-0.025
[0.062]
0.269***
[0.015]
No No No No No No
0 0 0.001 0 0 0
0.113 0.021 0.241 0.081 0.105 0.329
0.035 0 0.005 0.009 0.061 0.004
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.898 0.934 0.883 0.892 0.878 0.901
0.555 0.208 0.104 0.41 0.231 0.723
0.158 0.13 0.083 0.209 0.124 0.113
0.966 0.89 0.851 0.645 0.814 0.951
0.999 0.735 0.999 0.982 0.998 0.999
0 0 0 0 0 0
2.766 4.271** 5.081** 3.519* 3.087 3.654*
[51.500] [36.238] [37.423] [34.925] [44.252] [37.272]
-2.734 -4.231** -5.067** -3.549* -3.061 -3.687*
[37.905] [26.981] [28.249] [26.093] [33.287] [28.084]
0.250** 0.306*** 0.235** 0.314*** 0.224** 0.230**
[0.037] [0.032] [0.036] [0.033] [0.035] [0.034]
0.083 -0.01 0.131 0.046 0.101 0.176
[0.007] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.006]
0.002 0.127 0.051 0.170** -0.037 0.09
[0.398] [0.357] [0.321] [0.322] [0.401] [0.322]
0.599*** 0.587*** 0.551*** 0.697** 0.646*** 0.738***
[1.102] [0.880] [0.769] [1.411] [0.767] [1.032]
56 56 56 56 56 56
26.636 28.54 29.524 28.828 42.564 37.155
0.948 0.912 0.888 0.905 0.361 0.599
41.463 42.582 34.168 38.711 40.928 38.123
0.407 0.361 0.729 0.528 0.43 0.555
Regulaciones

TABLA X
Instrumentado sólo con instrumentos genera
(1) (2) (3)
A1_8500 0.076 0.016 0.017
[0.021] [0.008] [0.008]
[0.006] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
[0.050] [0.038] [0.038]
Latitud -0.016 0.123 0.122
[0.098] [0.111] [0.110]
[0.001]

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.277 0.257
pnr 0.228 0.381
p(OID) 0.12 0.192 0.293
p(UID) 0.627 0.083 0.086
p(P-H) 0.216 0.984 0.983
p(P-H-N) 0.23 0.972 0.97
p(A-R) 0.001 0 0
Años de escolaridad 0.325 0.348* 0.343*
[0.076] [0.067] [0.061]
Individualismo -0.091 -0.714*** -0.848***
[0.009] [0.004] [0.008]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.302* 0.449*** 0.298
[0.554] [0.347] [0.608]
Latitud -0.212 0.935*** 0.770***
[1.491] [0.850] [1.134]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 8.993 41.474 38.046
p(B-P) 0.832 0.494 0.724
nr2 12.106 34.426 31.996
nr2p 0.598 0.79 0.911
TABLA X
o con instrumentos generados
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
-0.027 0.035 0.014 0.014 0.014 0.021

[0.009] [0.007] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008]
0.474*** 0.382*** 0.499*** 0.493*** 0.463*** 0.490***
[0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.008 0.029 -0.007 -0.015 -0.004 -0.013
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.243*** -0.142** -0.239*** -0.236*** -0.270*** -0.236***
[0.037] [0.036] [0.037] [0.039] [0.040] [0.039]
0.114 0.117 0.102 0.105 0.123 0.113
[0.105] [0.103] [0.119] [0.105] [0.110] [0.110]
-0.109*
[0.005]
0.324***
[0.059]
0.039
[0.038]
0.037
[0.070]
-0.056
[0.046]
0.038
[0.021]
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.08 0.658 0.322 0.697 0.206 0.414
0.134 0.001 0.221 0.353 0.202 0.315
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.909 0.92 0.906 0.906 0.907 0.906
0.185 0.266 0.182 0.211 0.088 0.249
0.06 0.076 0.081 0.09 0.068 0.06
0.986 0.986 0.992 0.977 0.998 0.964
0.953 0.829 0.986 0.98 0.99 0.955
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.297** 0.356** 0.513** 0.287 0.544*** 0.346*
[0.050] [0.051] [0.074] [0.061] [0.067] [0.064]
-0.407* -0.963*** -0.825*** -0.717*** -0.780*** -0.676***
[0.008] [0.008] [0.005] [0.004] [0.009] [0.005]
0.211** 0.274** 0.421*** 0.417*** -0.045 0.466***
[0.333] [0.320] [0.460] [0.303] [0.666] [0.429]
0.791*** 0.820*** 0.935*** 1.059*** 0.834* 0.933***
[0.993] [1.143] [0.912] [0.906] [1.898] [1.022]
55 55 55 55 55 55
41.504 59 41.633 60.701 54.866 39.251
0.579 0.065 0.574 0.048 0.072 0.675
43.741 33.642 37.401 43.37 36.398 28.33
0.483 0.871 0.749 0.499 0.675 0.968

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A2_8500 0.179 0.366*** 0.375***
[0.024] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.009] [0.003] [0.003]
[0.001] [0.000] [0.000]
[0.042] [0.029] [0.028]
Latitud -0.065 -0.064 -0.068
[0.080] [0.087] [0.085]
[0.001]

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.001 0
pnr 0 0
p(OID) 0.116 0.389 0.331
p(UID) 0.937 0.014 0.03
p(P-H) 0.166 0.969 0.985
p(P-H-N) 0.313 0.728 0.766
p(A-R) 0 0 0
[0.071] [0.055] [0.063]
[0.011] [0.006] [0.010]
[0.580] [0.605] [0.628]
Latitud 0.116 0.722*** 0.654***
[1.281] [1.193] [1.307]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 17.555 41.079 34.061
p(B-P) 0.228 0.511 0.86
nr2 19.536 47.322 46.431
nr2p 0.145 0.264 0.372
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.376*** 0.316*** 0.390*** 0.381*** 0.370*** 0.351***

[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
0.374*** 0.326*** 0.366*** 0.392*** 0.370*** 0.387***
[0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
-0.048 -0.024 -0.052 -0.066 -0.048 -0.053
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.271*** -0.190*** -0.271*** -0.257*** -0.279*** -0.262***
[0.029] [0.027] [0.029] [0.030] [0.033] [0.031]
-0.072 -0.035 -0.067 -0.114 -0.066 -0.061
[0.086] [0.084] [0.086] [0.078] [0.087] [0.086]
-0.012
[0.004]
0.223***
[0.056]
-0.017
[0.026]
0.084
[0.043]
-0.021
[0.049]
0.024
[0.015]
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.061 0 0.023 0.001 0.002
0 0 0 0 0.001 0
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.942 0.948 0.942 0.944 0.942 0.942
0.312 0.227 0.414 0.373 0.507 0.463
0.07 0.076 0.042 0.025 0.051 0.019
0.984 0.963 0.981 0.99 0.976 0.995
0.832 0.479 0.772 0.953 0.785 0.9
0 0 0 0 0 0
e Propiedad
0.312*** 0.244* 0.554*** 0.415*** 0.368*** 0.341***
[0.056] [0.079] [0.090] [0.053] [0.058] [0.059]
0.143 0.162 0.162 0.151 0.282 0.16
[0.009] [0.007] [0.007] [0.008] [0.016] [0.007]
0.069 0.306* 0.213 0.137 0.037 0.102
[0.476] [0.839] [0.784] [0.520] [0.887] [0.564]
0.596*** 0.652*** 0.575** 0.836*** 0.501* 0.831***
[1.100] [1.482] [1.506] [1.550] [2.214] [1.099]
55 55 55 55 55 55
34.743 38.331 44.382 40.613 27.986 41.628
0.84 0.712 0.456 0.618 0.939 0.574
40.3 43.551 41.736 40.811 36.248 33.176
0.631 0.491 0.569 0.609 0.682 0.883

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A3_8500 0.037 0.177*** 0.175***
[0.005] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.005] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001]
[0.041] [0.035] [0.035]
Latitud -0.068 -0.119 -0.117
[0.082] [0.080] [0.081]
[0.001]

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.002 0.003
pnr 0.021 0.033
p(OID) 0.063 0.68 0.636
p(UID) 0.154 0.143 0.12
p(P-H) 0.866 0.863 0.885
p(P-H-N) 0.895 0.967 0.978
p(A-R) 0.105 0 0
Años de escolaridad 0.404** 0.314** 0.470***
[0.127] [0.093] [0.103]
Individualismo 0.286 -0.554*** -0.550***
[0.016] [0.013] [0.011]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.153 -0.019 -0.02
[1.339] [0.914] [0.707]
Latitud -0.171 1.477*** 1.311***
[2.454] [2.091] [1.967]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 26.082 39.727 29.197
p(B-P) 0.025 0.571 0.958
nr2 29.034 42.938 46.645
nr2p 0.01 0.431 0.364
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.156*** 0.166*** 0.176*** 0.174*** 0.182*** 0.176***

[0.004] [0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.450*** 0.346*** 0.463*** 0.443*** 0.418*** 0.453***
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
0.017 0.047 0.023 0.024 0.026 0.014
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001]
-0.276*** -0.163*** -0.270*** -0.279*** -0.312*** -0.266***
[0.037] [0.032] [0.034] [0.035] [0.037] [0.037]
-0.098 -0.106 -0.14 -0.101 -0.128 -0.122
[0.083] [0.074] [0.084] [0.078] [0.082] [0.078]
-0.019
[0.006]
0.342***
[0.049]
0.043
[0.030]
-0.03
[0.056]
-0.071
[0.044]
0.031
[0.015]
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.008 0.187 0.003 0.007 0.001 0.007
0.04 0 0.016 0.088 0.018 0.042
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.93 0.948 0.931 0.93 0.932 0.93
0.459 0.332 0.433 0.478 0.489 0.461
0.208 0.154 0.125 0.163 0.077 0.108
0.885 0.963 0.885 0.948 0.919 0.902
0.979 0.984 0.973 0.981 0.98 0.981
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.202 0.318* 0.286* 0.463*** 0.172 0.360**
[0.100] [0.112] [0.115] [0.054] [0.121] [0.106]
-0.122 -0.512** -0.550** -0.455*** -0.477** -0.552**
[0.016] [0.016] [0.018] [0.009] [0.015] [0.018]
0.124 -0.068 -0.106 -0.051 0.091 -0.198
[0.664] [1.186] [1.208] [0.483] [1.007] [2.392]
0.838*** 1.302*** 1.462*** 1.080*** 1.705*** 1.510***
[2.291] [2.248] [2.469] [2.212] [2.043] [2.657]
54 54 54 54 54 54
33.306 60.211 27.706 83.109 75.441 33.478
0.88 0.052 0.974 0 0.001 0.876
41.16 45.299 36.179 36.485 45.22 30.265
0.594 0.418 0.793 0.782 0.3 0.943

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A4_8500 0.390*** 0.199*** 0.197***
[0.009] [0.006] [0.006]
[0.005] [0.003] [0.004]
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
[0.041] [0.035] [0.034]
Latitud -0.054 -0.029 -0.027
[0.054] [0.098] [0.098]
[0.001]

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.186 0.219
pnr 0.263 0.346
p(OID) 0.318 0.209 0.378
p(UID) 0.609 0.099 0.207
p(P-H) 0.787 0.986 0.967
p(P-H-N) 0.765 0.94 0.871
p(A-R) 0.001 0 0
Años de escolaridad 0.328** 0.468*** 0.434**
[0.110] [0.076] [0.103]
[0.013] [0.013] [0.014]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.09 0.203* 0.091
[0.704] [0.724] [0.912]
Latitud 0.09 0.895*** 0.913***
[1.617] [1.807] [2.516]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 19.959 42.148 40.724
p(B-P) 0.131 0.465 0.613
nr2 19.443 36.417 34.789
nr2p 0.149 0.714 0.838
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.197*** 0.172** 0.207*** 0.205*** 0.191** 0.197***

[0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.007] [0.006]
0.423*** 0.363*** 0.424*** 0.435*** 0.421*** 0.431***
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
0.03 0.041 0.026 0.018 0.025 0.021
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.302*** -0.210*** -0.300*** -0.293*** -0.307*** -0.294***
[0.035] [0.034] [0.034] [0.035] [0.036] [0.037]
-0.038 -0.005 -0.032 -0.054 -0.023 -0.03
[0.097] [0.095] [0.099] [0.096] [0.099] [0.098]
-0.038
[0.005]
0.238***
[0.063]
-0.006
[0.033]
0.041
[0.051]
-0.024
[0.045]
0.014
[0.018]
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.134 0.491 0.179 0.498 0.176 0.241
0.237 0.007 0.269 0.274 0.276 0.292
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.926 0.933 0.926 0.926 0.925 0.925
0.256 0.383 0.25 0.306 0.504 0.322
0.11 0.143 0.103 0.145 0.113 0.119
0.99 0.943 0.961 0.94 0.997 0.978
0.934 0.508 0.837 0.85 0.982 0.918
0 0 0 0 0 0
ernacional
0.353*** 0.176 0.591*** 0.433*** 0.455** 0.508***
[0.065] [0.110] [0.082] [0.094] [0.112] [0.096]
-0.084 -0.073 -0.211* -0.052 -0.1 -0.124
[0.015] [0.011] [0.008] [0.014] [0.015] [0.014]
0.172 0.308 0.325*** 0.207 0.069 0.238
[0.749] [1.206] [0.540] [0.814] [0.765] [0.918]
0.771** 0.627** 0.855*** 0.909*** 0.915*** 0.956***
[2.166] [2.200] [1.457] [1.909] [1.762] [2.492]
55 55 55 55 55 55
46.045 76.619 51.204 40.174 35.861 38.898
0.388 0.002 0.212 0.636 0.698 0.69
30.93 35.642 45.05 38.676 45.673 38.528
0.932 0.811 0.428 0.699 0.284 0.705

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A5_8500 0.166 0.185*** 0.186***
[0.017] [0.006] [0.006]
[0.006] [0.003] [0.003]
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001]
[0.042] [0.031] [0.032]
Latitud -0.032 -0.011 -0.013
[0.074] [0.089] [0.089]
[0.001]

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.016 0.013
pnr 0.162 0.305
p(OID) 0.048 0.438 0.447
p(UID) 0.729 0.101 0.119
p(P-H) 0.332 0.96 0.976
p(P-H-N) 0.497 0.945 0.966
p(A-R) 0.001 0 0
Años de escolaridad 0.340* 0.259** 0.332*
[0.084] [0.045] [0.067]
Individualismo 0.382** 0.091 -0.047
[0.009] [0.005] [0.007]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.268* 0.136 0.132
[0.614] [0.313] [0.399]
Latitud 0.022 0.897*** 0.889***
[1.366] [1.190] [1.258]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 16.976 47.146 101.086
p(B-P) 0.257 0.27 0
nr2 16.448 29.16 28.261
nr2p 0.287 0.933 0.969
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.179*** 0.169*** 0.182*** 0.185*** 0.193*** 0.184***

[0.006] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
0.439*** 0.369*** 0.458*** 0.446*** 0.422*** 0.451***
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004]
-0.045 -0.024 -0.048 -0.054 -0.048 -0.06
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.001] [0.000] [0.001]
-0.266*** -0.177*** -0.260*** -0.260*** -0.289*** -0.252***
[0.033] [0.034] [0.031] [0.033] [0.033] [0.034]
-0.015 0.003 -0.033 -0.021 -0.018 -0.019
[0.091] [0.086] [0.094] [0.083] [0.090] [0.087]
-0.029
[0.005]
0.252***
[0.062]
0.042
[0.027]
0.019
[0.056]
-0.049
[0.044]
0.047
[0.016]
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.014 0.214 0.036 0.123 0.013 0.102
0.159 0.001 0.109 0.207 0.122 0.148
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.933 0.942 0.934 0.933 0.933 0.933
0.395 0.559 0.474 0.281 0.106 0.45
0.18 0.097 0.115 0.23 0.176 0.138
0.99 0.965 0.978 0.967 0.956 0.976
0.98 0.902 0.972 0.973 0.892 0.98
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.237** 0.391*** 0.183 0.263** 0.184 0.142
[0.043] [0.033] [0.046] [0.043] [0.052] [0.068]
0.159 -0.067 0.092 0.049 0.117 0.242
[0.007] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.007] [0.008]
0.07 0.160** 0.089 0.184 -0.078 0.045
[0.506] [0.233] [0.433] [0.410] [0.392] [0.456]
0.639** 1.084*** 0.854*** 0.990*** 0.679*** 0.891***
[1.217] [0.906] [1.420] [1.293] [0.897] [1.475]
55 55 55 55 55 55
43.966 87.314 54.443 43.98 52.595 37.754
0.473 0 0.134 0.472 0.106 0.735
36.307 43.862 28.816 48.049 37.771 37.23
0.788 0.477 0.963 0.312 0.615 0.755
Regulaciones

TABLA X
Relación entre Tamaño del Gobierno y otras Medidas de
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Tamaño del Gobierno 0.18 0.062 0.058 0.027
[0.144] [0.085] [0.089] [0.089]
[0.049] [0.039] [0.038] [0.037]
Individualismo 0.127 -0.009 -0.044 -0.001
[0.005] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.195** -0.097 -0.106 -0.106
[0.435] [0.438] [0.446] [0.442]
Latitud 0.116 0.291* 0.292* 0.270*
[0.908] [1.051] [1.052] [0.976]
p(OID) 0.38 0.108 0.099 0.306
p(UID) 0.171 0.122 0.138 0.074
p(P-H) 0.364 0.983 0.979 0.962
p(P-H-N) 0.18 0.995 0.994 0.96
p(A-R) 0 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.848 0.788 0.163 0.147
Tamaño del Gobierno 0.342*** 0.120* 0.117* 0.116
[0.116] [0.068] [0.072] [0.074]
[0.043] [0.027] [0.027] [0.027]
Individualismo 0.253*** 0.077 0.059 0.082
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.292*** -0.186** -0.187** -0.197**
[0.324] [0.304] [0.310] [0.320]
Latitud 0.133 0.268* 0.271* 0.253*
[0.831] [0.690] [0.690] [0.670]
p(OID) 0.721 0.062 0.056 0.25
p(UID) 0.257 0.083 0.093 0.133
p(P-H) 0.911 0.997 0.997 0.989
p(P-H-N) 0.696 0.998 0.998 0.99
p(A-R) 0 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.921 0 0.16 0
Tamaño del Gobierno 0.225* 0.097 0.117 0.029
[0.035] [0.026] [0.028] [0.025]
Años de escolaridad 0.263** 0.291** 0.285** 0.234**
[0.014] [0.013] [0.013] [0.012]
Individualismo 0.275* 0.383** 0.406** 0.409***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
[0.079] [0.112] [0.110] [0.105]
Latitud 0.422** 0.527** 0.519** 0.481***
[0.236] [0.285] [0.284] [0.249]
p(OID) 0.523 0.267 0.182 0.176
p(UID) 0.216 0.175 0.152 0.119
p(P-H) 0.205 0.988 0.979 0.97
p(P-H-N) 0.131 0.868 0.798 0.493
p(A-R) 0 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.805 0.903 0.252 0
X
y otras Medidas de Desarrollo
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.079 0.069 0.053 0.072 0.07

[0.076] [0.079] [0.081] [0.089] [0.083]
0.215*** 0.363*** 0.314*** 0.304*** 0.334***
[0.037] [0.044] [0.039] [0.040] [0.042]
0.028 0 -0.003 -0.002 -0.023
[0.004] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005] [0.005]
0.008 -0.092 -0.101 -0.121 -0.082
[0.440] [0.416] [0.437] [0.493] [0.451]
0.287* 0.221 0.319* 0.286* 0.273
[1.009] [1.104] [1.062] [1.037] [1.046]
55 55 55 55 55
0.871 0.862 0.855 0.855 0.856
0.236 0.101 0.088 0.335 0.222
0.085 0.125 0.126 0.063 0.099
0.982 0.987 0.991 0.997 0.99
0.992 0.996 0.996 0.999 0.998
0 0 0 0 0
0.001 0.724 0.097 0.02 0.939
0.155*** 0.123* 0.121* 0.141** 0.135**

[0.060] [0.065] [0.067] [0.068] [0.067]
0.126* 0.286*** 0.249*** 0.227*** 0.263***
[0.026] [0.032] [0.027] [0.027] [0.028]
0.125 0.082 0.083 0.089 0.068
[0.003] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.071 -0.183** -0.193** -0.226** -0.170**
[0.319] [0.292] [0.302] [0.329] [0.308]
0.251** 0.222 0.283** 0.255* 0.249*
[0.617] [0.759] [0.667] [0.663] [0.684]
53 53 53 53 53
0.911 0.891 0.887 0.889 0.889
0.324 0.037 0.043 0.563 0.058
0.091 0.12 0.108 0.064 0.086
0.989 0.996 0.974 0.997 0.997
0.994 0.999 0.977 0.996 0.999
0 0 0 0 0
0 0.009 0.015 0 0.067
0.102 0.093 0.123 0.114 0.097
[0.026] [0.026] [0.027] [0.027] [0.026]
0.305** 0.273** 0.328*** 0.285* 0.276**
[0.016] [0.014] [0.013] [0.016] [0.014]
0.381** 0.378** 0.349** 0.391** 0.400**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.159 0.183* 0.206** 0.174 0.166
[0.131] [0.113] [0.107] [0.160] [0.132]
0.525** 0.561** 0.387* 0.519** 0.541***
[0.286] [0.317] [0.275] [0.283] [0.280]
54 54 54 54 54
0.709 0.71 0.73 0.708 0.71
0.235 0.226 0.261 0.307 0.281
0.205 0.203 0.182 0.075 0.171
0.996 0.996 0.978 0.994 0.997
0.949 0.901 0.941 0.941 0.915
0 0 0 0 0
0.923 0.688 0.771 0.241 0.875
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
Sí Sí Sí Sí Sí
No No No No No
No No No No No
Sí No No No No
No Sí No No No
No No Sí No No
No No No Sí No
No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad, y otras
(1) (2) (3)
[0.188] [0.041] [0.042]
[0.073] [0.029] [0.029]
[0.006] [0.003] [0.003]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.146** -0.118** -0.121**
[0.331] [0.255] [0.250]
Latitud -0.015 0.057 0.064
[0.646] [0.756] [0.775]
p(OID) 0.402 0.069 0.057
p(UID) 0.39 0.027 0.044
p(P-H) 0.498 0.953 0.926
p(P-H-N) 0.264 0.896 0.866
p(A-R) 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.764 0.656 0.682
Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad 0.371 0.455*** 0.454***
[0.173] [0.041] [0.042]
[0.070] [0.023] [0.023]
[0.005] [0.002] [0.003]
[0.267] [0.167] [0.167]
Latitud 0.002 0.088 0.088
[0.548] [0.525] [0.538]
p(OID) 0.206 0.062 0.1
p(UID) 0.302 0.073 0.071
p(P-H) 0.175 0.921 0.899
p(P-H-N) 0.051 0.996 0.995
p(A-R) 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.863 0.787 0.965
Sistema Jurídico y Derechos de Propiedad 0.854*** 0.466*** 0.478***
[0.055] [0.024] [0.024]
Años de escolaridad -0.046 0.174 0.168
[0.023] [0.013] [0.013]
Individualismo 0.175 0.300** 0.322**
[0.001] [0.002] [0.002]
[0.094] [0.118] [0.122]
Latitud 0.222* 0.324* 0.319*
[0.177] [0.249] [0.246]
p(OID) 0.106 0.125 0.142
p(UID) 0.338 0.033 0.06
p(P-H) 0.719 0.945 0.953
p(P-H-N) 0.683 0.699 0.666
p(A-R) 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.789 0.814 0.595
TABLA X
echos de Propiedad, y otras Medidas de Desarrollo
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.514*** 0.467*** 0.506*** 0.528*** 0.523*** 0.503***

[0.044] [0.039] [0.043] [0.043] [0.043] [0.041]
0.172*** 0.138** 0.197*** 0.178*** 0.180*** 0.192***
[0.029] [0.027] [0.032] [0.029] [0.032] [0.031]
-0.075 -0.061 -0.079 -0.086 -0.083 -0.092
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
-0.127** -0.056 -0.116** -0.119** -0.116 -0.107*
[0.260] [0.264] [0.260] [0.270] [0.333] [0.295]
0.036 0.076 0.029 0.034 0.044 0.045
[0.727] [0.758] [0.727] [0.762] [0.749] [0.748]
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.93 0.933 0.93 0.929 0.929 0.93
0.117 0.095 0.09 0.117 0.261 0.115
0.116 0.096 0.056 0.044 0.082 0.034
0.985 0.984 0.983 0.982 0.993 0.969
0.955 0.837 0.96 0.959 0.983 0.937
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.856 0.616 0.131 0.493 0.977 0.26
0.464*** 0.418*** 0.458*** 0.473*** 0.471*** 0.465***

[0.041] [0.038] [0.044] [0.042] [0.041] [0.041]
0.151*** 0.100* 0.167** 0.156*** 0.148** 0.161***
[0.023] [0.021] [0.026] [0.023] [0.024] [0.024]
-0.015 0.004 -0.02 -0.024 -0.021 -0.026
[0.002] [0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
-0.212*** -0.124** -0.199*** -0.200*** -0.212*** -0.195***
[0.177] [0.196] [0.172] [0.181] [0.225] [0.202]
0.067 0.107 0.074 0.074 0.078 0.079
[0.501] [0.523] [0.516] [0.518] [0.522] [0.512]
53 53 53 53 53 53
0.94 0.945 0.939 0.939 0.939 0.939
0.064 0.14 0.073 0.086 0.396 0.082
0.117 0.106 0.113 0.076 0.049 0.062
0.963 0.988 0.975 0.941 0.925 0.968
0.999 0.993 1 0.998 0.995 0.999
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.929 0.81 0.604 0.182 0.998 0.573
0.415*** 0.524*** 0.512*** 0.497*** 0.421*** 0.464***
[0.023] [0.025] [0.023] [0.024] [0.024] [0.023]
0.132 0.220* 0.112 0.215* 0.199 0.152
[0.013] [0.015] [0.014] [0.013] [0.016] [0.013]
0.346*** 0.276** 0.287** 0.244** 0.302** 0.324**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.001] [0.001] [0.002] [0.002]
0.137 0.073 0.168 0.216** 0.2 0.154
[0.112] [0.116] [0.121] [0.110] [0.170] [0.136]
0.292* 0.295 0.378** 0.156 0.348* 0.345*
[0.224] [0.262] [0.254] [0.249] [0.249] [0.245]
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.774 0.761 0.763 0.784 0.754 0.756
0.282 0.209 0.129 0.144 0.1 0.182
0.105 0.275 0.056 0.087 0.104 0.034
0.926 0.978 0.976 0.967 0.947 0.989
0.471 0.902 0.569 0.989 0.703 0.765
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.851 0.314 0.143 0.204 0.937 0.495
No No No No No No
Sí No No No No No
No Sí No No No No
No No Sí No No No
No No No Sí No No
No No No No Sí No
No No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Estabilidad Monetaria y otras Medidas
(1) (2) (3)
[0.042] [0.033] [0.033]
[0.048] [0.039] [0.038]
Individualismo 0.091 0.007 -0.016
[0.005] [0.004] [0.005]
[0.364] [0.388] [0.415]
Latitud 0.011 -0.021 -0.007
[0.675] [0.883] [0.885]
p(OID) 0.06 0.814 0.651
p(UID) 0.181 0.168 0.177
p(P-H) 0.641 0.97 0.986
p(P-H-N) 0.616 0.995 0.997
p(A-R) 0.005 0 0
p(B-P) 0.22 0.65 0.977
Estabilidad Monetaria 0.082 0.194*** 0.192***
[0.043] [0.028] [0.028]
[0.043] [0.028] [0.027]
Individualismo 0.205* 0.082 0.057
[0.005] [0.003] [0.004]
[0.288] [0.255] [0.267]
Latitud 0.047 0.087 0.091
[0.616] [0.649] [0.645]
p(OID) 0.03 0.257 0.329
p(UID) 0.223 0.202 0.265
p(P-H) 0.543 0.965 0.977
p(P-H-N) 0.502 0.999 0.999
p(A-R) 0.002 0 0
p(B-P) 0.202 0 0.349
[0.010] [0.012] [0.012]
Años de escolaridad 0.313*** 0.236** 0.233**
[0.011] [0.013] [0.013]
Individualismo 0.224* 0.420*** 0.420**
[0.001] [0.002] [0.002]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.141** 0.225* 0.224*
[0.070] [0.122] [0.121]
Latitud 0.348** 0.293 0.281
[0.192] [0.249] [0.246]
p(OID) 0.168 0.357 0.39
p(UID) 0.161 0.149 0.224
p(P-H) 0.414 0.996 0.997
p(P-H-N) 0.111 0.942 0.955
p(A-R) 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.097 0.987 0.554
TABLA X
Monetaria y otras Medidas de Desarrollo
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.192*** 0.216*** 0.228*** 0.241*** 0.238*** 0.231***

[0.035] [0.027] [0.032] [0.032] [0.033] [0.034]
0.285*** 0.180** 0.327*** 0.253*** 0.258*** 0.294***
[0.036] [0.036] [0.040] [0.035] [0.036] [0.038]
0.004 0.032 0.012 0.034 0.012 -0.005
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005]
-0.147 -0.021 -0.126 -0.166** -0.173* -0.123
[0.423] [0.387] [0.365] [0.343] [0.429] [0.384]
0.013 0.004 -0.072 0.046 -0.025 -0.021
[0.861] [0.874] [0.900] [0.861] [0.901] [0.897]
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.901 0.918 0.906 0.906 0.9 0.899
0.372 0.153 0.38 0.275 0.789 0.112
0.269 0.16 0.097 0.141 0.111 0.122
0.974 0.983 0.98 0.937 0.963 0.988
0.996 0.997 0.997 0.986 0.996 0.997
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.119 0.152 0.086 0.003 0.008 0.913
0.176*** 0.193*** 0.194*** 0.204*** 0.201*** 0.192***

[0.028] [0.022] [0.028] [0.027] [0.028] [0.028]
0.233*** 0.123* 0.275*** 0.214*** 0.207*** 0.245***
[0.026] [0.027] [0.030] [0.026] [0.026] [0.028]
0.083 0.114 0.087 0.102 0.088 0.068
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.004]
-0.174** -0.047 -0.159** -0.186*** -0.200*** -0.145**
[0.279] [0.262] [0.239] [0.248] [0.282] [0.258]
0.093 0.088 0.03 0.124 0.075 0.079
[0.641] [0.618] [0.688] [0.629] [0.652] [0.656]
53 53 53 53 53 53
0.905 0.925 0.91 0.908 0.906 0.905
0.338 0.113 0.321 0.192 0.178 0.136
0.281 0.222 0.171 0.245 0.167 0.245
0.966 0.973 0.98 0.969 0.921 0.987
0.999 0.997 0.999 0.998 0.997 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.006 0.001 0.711 0 0.099 0
0.208** 0.250*** 0.255*** 0.246*** 0.263*** 0.260***
[0.012] [0.013] [0.013] [0.013] [0.013] [0.013]
0.195* 0.253* 0.219* 0.267** 0.227 0.222*
[0.013] [0.017] [0.014] [0.014] [0.017] [0.014]
0.447*** 0.417*** 0.420*** 0.390** 0.426*** 0.435***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.179 0.196 0.221* 0.257** 0.22 0.211
[0.115] [0.129] [0.123] [0.125] [0.177] [0.145]
0.278* 0.287 0.301 0.202 0.27 0.281
[0.226] [0.251] [0.282] [0.235] [0.246] [0.255]
53 53 53 53 53 53
0.77 0.755 0.755 0.766 0.755 0.755
0.572 0.453 0.321 0.369 0.293 0.295
0.27 0.145 0.118 0.141 0.093 0.143
0.986 0.998 0.997 0.999 1 0.999
0.806 0.97 0.937 0.999 0.996 0.974
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.472 0.681 0.138 0.004 0.115 0.791
No No No No No No
Sí No No No No No
No Sí No No No No
No No Sí No No No
No No No Sí No No
No No No No Sí No
No No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Libertades para el Comercio Internacional y otras
(1) (2) (3)
[0.083] [0.049] [0.054]
Años de escolaridad 0.190** 0.238*** 0.242***
[0.044] [0.036] [0.036]
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.240*** -0.172* -0.174*
[0.374] [0.413] [0.408]
Latitud 0.046 0.068 0.078
[0.549] [1.134] [1.144]
p(OID) 0.31 0.112 0.113
p(UID) 0.199 0.138 0.261
p(P-H) 0.244 0.955 0.923
p(P-H-N) 0.213 0.823 0.884
p(A-R) 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.011 0.015 0.123
[0.050] [0.036] [0.037]
[0.038] [0.028] [0.028]
Individualismo 0.236*** 0.088 0.089
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
[0.233] [0.274] [0.276]
Latitud 0.02 0.03 0.027
[0.358] [0.797] [0.798]
p(OID) 0.398 0.132 0.11
p(UID) 0.135 0.215 0.362
p(P-H) 0.482 0.909 0.9
p(P-H-N) 0.186 0.931 0.915
p(A-R) 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.018 0.143 0.045
Libertad para el Comercio Internacional 0.382** 0.265* 0.265*
[0.030] [0.022] [0.023]
[0.021] [0.016] [0.016]
Individualismo 0.269** 0.400*** 0.417***
[0.001] [0.002] [0.002]
[0.091] [0.130] [0.131]
Latitud 0.351*** 0.363** 0.364**
[0.187] [0.209] [0.208]
p(OID) 0.114 0.204 0.257
p(UID) 0.245 0.107 0.303
p(P-H) 0.549 0.969 0.984
p(P-H-N) 0.341 0.733 0.796
p(A-R) 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.033 0.319 0.172
TABLA X
mercio Internacional y otras Medidas de Desarrollo
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.299*** 0.312*** 0.311*** 0.319*** 0.311*** 0.313***

[0.055] [0.045] [0.052] [0.049] [0.053] [0.050]
0.230*** 0.185*** 0.256*** 0.228*** 0.243*** 0.245***
[0.034] [0.033] [0.038] [0.037] [0.035] [0.038]
0.036 0.044 0.03 0.038 0.027 0.02
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.178** -0.112 -0.167* -0.179* -0.165 -0.163*
[0.411] [0.399] [0.411] [0.420] [0.459] [0.438]
0.062 0.073 0.046 0.088 0.073 0.064
[1.079] [1.124] [1.098] [1.146] [1.132] [1.136]
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.9 0.902 0.899 0.899 0.898 0.898
0.18 0.2 0.141 0.152 0.112 0.119
0.169 0.18 0.16 0.187 0.158 0.172
0.957 0.941 0.875 0.921 0.992 0.928
0.796 0.649 0.683 0.749 0.96 0.799
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.014 0.133 0.016 0 0.565 0
0.343*** 0.327*** 0.347*** 0.355*** 0.350*** 0.357***

[0.037] [0.033] [0.038] [0.036] [0.038] [0.036]
0.185*** 0.132** 0.191*** 0.179** 0.186*** 0.186**
[0.027] [0.024] [0.029] [0.028] [0.027] [0.029]
0.092 0.102* 0.087 0.097 0.088 0.09
[0.003] [0.002] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.003]
-0.284*** -0.201*** -0.274*** -0.287*** -0.280*** -0.280***
[0.271] [0.280] [0.274] [0.263] [0.298] [0.285]
0.024 0.053 0.035 0.054 0.034 0.029
[0.767] [0.784] [0.781] [0.802] [0.793] [0.799]
53 53 53 53 53 53
0.928 0.934 0.927 0.928 0.927 0.927
0.148 0.385 0.257 0.155 0.5 0.18
0.186 0.197 0.254 0.243 0.145 0.264
0.956 0.983 0.889 0.954 0.977 0.921
0.968 0.85 0.934 0.971 0.989 0.94
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.032 0.027 0 0.018 0.954 0.027
0.216 0.341** 0.316** 0.282** 0.247 0.287**
[0.021] [0.025] [0.021] [0.020] [0.024] [0.022]
0.173 0.270* 0.161 0.260* 0.243 0.189
[0.015] [0.018] [0.018] [0.016] [0.019] [0.017]
0.438*** 0.396*** 0.403*** 0.359*** 0.393*** 0.434***
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.094 -0.007 0.109 0.16 0.156 0.094
[0.121] [0.143] [0.139] [0.127] [0.180] [0.150]
0.333*** 0.306* 0.397** 0.224 0.378** 0.371**
[0.172] [0.224] [0.226] [0.254] [0.220] [0.202]
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.758 0.741 0.74 0.752 0.731 0.735
0.178 0.116 0.16 0.151 0.156 0.225
0.113 0.054 0.122 0.186 0.066 0.101
0.925 0.999 0.99 0.989 0.998 0.996
0.333 0.991 0.723 0.971 0.975 0.869
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.53 0.748 0.385 0.539 0.671 0.372
No No No No No No
Sí No No No No No
No Sí No No No No
No No Sí No No No
No No No Sí No No
No No No No Sí No
No No No No No Sí
TABLA X
Relación entre Regulaciones y otras Medidas de D
(1) (2) (3)
Regulaciones 0.374** 0.234*** 0.235***
[0.174] [0.053] [0.053]
[0.059] [0.035] [0.034]
[0.006] [0.004] [0.005]
[0.418] [0.360] [0.393]
Latitud 0.077 0.142 0.14
[0.702] [1.043] [1.039]
p(OID) 0.086 0.265 0.327
p(UID) 0.586 0.157 0.179
p(P-H) 0.58 0.972 0.997
p(P-H-N) 0.81 1 1
p(A-R) 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.415 0.335 0
Regulaciones 0.256** 0.202*** 0.205***
[0.107] [0.050] [0.050]
[0.044] [0.027] [0.026]
[0.005] [0.003] [0.004]
[0.322] [0.265] [0.280]
Latitud 0.076 0.184 0.184
[0.591] [0.752] [0.744]
p(OID) 0.048 0.207 0.168
p(UID) 0.694 0.185 0.172
p(P-H) 0.453 0.968 0.996
p(P-H-N) 0.576 1 1
p(A-R) 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.607 0 0
Regulaciones 0.340** 0.280*** 0.274***
[0.039] [0.018] [0.019]
Años de escolaridad 0.231** 0.240** 0.242**
[0.013] [0.012] [0.012]
Individualismo 0.109 0.291** 0.289*
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística 0.078 0.179* 0.179*
[0.064] [0.108] [0.105]
Latitud 0.360*** 0.358** 0.363**
[0.178] [0.244] [0.239]
p(OID) 0.126 0.21 0.137
p(UID) 0.54 0.144 0.158
p(P-H) 0.584 0.922 0.928
p(P-H-N) 0.323 0.565 0.563
p(A-R) 0 0 0
p(B-P) 0.458 0.015 0
TABLA X
iones y otras Medidas de Desarrollo
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.218*** 0.216*** 0.233*** 0.238*** 0.238*** 0.236***

[0.058] [0.050] [0.051] [0.051] [0.054] [0.053]
0.265*** 0.207*** 0.318*** 0.259*** 0.261*** 0.289***
[0.034] [0.034] [0.038] [0.033] [0.036] [0.037]
-0.064 -0.054 -0.072 -0.066 -0.077 -0.096
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005]
-0.118 -0.028 -0.101 -0.12 -0.126 -0.09
[0.382] [0.371] [0.342] [0.347] [0.428] [0.374]
0.133 0.159 0.076 0.177 0.139 0.126
[0.984] [1.038] [1.034] [1.040] [1.052] [1.050]
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.897 0.903 0.902 0.896 0.895 0.896
0.087 0.233 0.295 0.108 0.144 0.312
0.228 0.14 0.177 0.311 0.221 0.197
0.951 0.998 0.978 0.899 0.962 0.993
1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.039 0.103 0.267 0.504 0.648 0.834
0.191*** 0.180*** 0.212*** 0.206*** 0.200*** 0.201***

[0.050] [0.042] [0.046] [0.047] [0.050] [0.049]
0.235*** 0.162*** 0.280*** 0.230*** 0.223*** 0.252***
[0.026] [0.024] [0.030] [0.025] [0.026] [0.028]
0 0.016 -0.01 -0.003 -0.009 -0.024
[0.003] [0.003] [0.003] [0.004] [0.003] [0.003]
-0.196** -0.089 -0.176*** -0.193*** -0.207** -0.162**
[0.295] [0.282] [0.253] [0.267] [0.317] [0.287]
0.167 0.2 0.122 0.212 0.183 0.175
[0.725] [0.747] [0.760] [0.719] [0.765] [0.743]
53 53 53 53 53 53
0.909 0.918 0.912 0.908 0.908 0.907
0.222 0.257 0.185 0.148 0.114 0.186
0.188 0.203 0.283 0.225 0.09 0.228
0.974 0.995 0.977 0.984 0.982 0.984
1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.441 0 0 0.033 0
0.236*** 0.293*** 0.275*** 0.266*** 0.277*** 0.276***
[0.017] [0.018] [0.018] [0.020] [0.018] [0.018]
0.193* 0.290** 0.221* 0.280** 0.241* 0.226*
[0.012] [0.015] [0.013] [0.013] [0.016] [0.013]
0.341*** 0.273* 0.288** 0.255* 0.291** 0.308**
[0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002] [0.002]
0.137 0.094 0.177* 0.209* 0.18 0.161
[0.103] [0.114] [0.110] [0.112] [0.157] [0.129]
0.331** 0.350* 0.396** 0.261 0.361** 0.376**
[0.214] [0.250] [0.275] [0.232] [0.246] [0.242]
54 54 54 54 54 54
0.783 0.768 0.764 0.777 0.762 0.763
0.191 0.223 0.184 0.225 0.371
0.236 0.105 0.18 0.292 0.186 0.172
0.884 0.939 0.966 0.899 0.975 0.989
0.21 0.69 0.609 0.959 0.794 0.769
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.005 0.104 0.007 0.013 0.491 0.031
No No No No No No
Sí No No No No No
No Sí No No No No
No No Sí No No No
No No No Sí No No
No No No No Sí No
No No No No No Sí
TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A1_8500 0.113 0.112** 0.093*
[0.021] [0.008] [0.008]
[0.006] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
[0.037] [0.039] [0.038]
Latitud 0.131 0.168 0.175
[0.083] [0.102] [0.103]
[0.001]

phumid 0.005 0.005
ptemp 0.087 0.141
pnr 0.099 0.136
p(OID) 0.033 0.245 0.211
p(UID) 0.764 0.062 0.072
p(P-H) 0.613 0.945 0.976
p(P-H-N) 0.457 0.968 0.992
p(A-R) 0.002 0 0
[0.070] [0.043] [0.044]
Individualismo -0.197 -0.755*** -0.809***
[0.010] [0.007] [0.006]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.011 -0.176* -0.118
[0.456] [0.330] [0.280]
Latitud -0.384* 0.704* 0.777**
[1.069] [1.620] [1.328]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 4.198 31.225 31.998
p(B-P) 0.839 0.695 0.742
nr2 5.035 27.258 26.21
nr2p 0.754 0.853 0.926
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.119** 0.051 0.113** 0.088* 0.100** 0.075

[0.008] [0.006] [0.007] [0.009] [0.008] [0.008]
0.534*** 0.361*** 0.557*** 0.555*** 0.531*** 0.550***
[0.005] [0.004] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006] [0.005]
0.046 0.048 0.059 0.025 0.054 0.001
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.263*** -0.142*** -0.309*** -0.243*** -0.343*** -0.215***
[0.040] [0.031] [0.036] [0.041] [0.044] [0.043]
0.187 0.115 0.114 0.101 0.17 0.135
[0.107] [0.082] [0.115] [0.095] [0.102] [0.106]
0.154***
[0.005]
0.450***
[0.040]
0.1
[0.046]
0.182**
[0.051]
-0.037
[0.062]
0.258***
[0.018]
No No No No No No
0 0 0.004 0 0.003 0
0.193 0.029 0.186 0.108 0.117 0.377
0.12 0 0.039 0.047 0.134 0.054
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.88 0.923 0.87 0.877 0.865 0.885
0.533 0.254 0.24 0.368 0.148 0.556
0.077 0.065 0.068 0.061 0.072 0.062
0.982 0.994 0.883 0.779 0.952 0.776
0.996 0.927 0.979 0.858 0.977 0.964
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.590*** 0.520*** 0.600*** 0.647*** 0.649*** 0.679***
[0.043] [0.062] [0.043] [0.052] [0.040] [0.038]
-0.690*** -0.743*** -0.746*** -0.805*** -0.822*** -0.853***
[0.009] [0.007] [0.008] [0.008] [0.007] [0.007]
-0.305** -0.122 -0.180* -0.054 -0.145 -0.088
[0.478] [0.519] [0.356] [0.469] [0.353] [0.340]
0.557 0.911** 0.742* 0.776* 0.741** 0.816**
[2.098] [1.601] [1.760] [1.922] [1.619] [1.440]
56 56 56 56 56 56
38.201 35.489 40.473 42.867 37.391 35.626
0.46 0.586 0.362 0.27 0.497 0.58
30.024 33.298 31.498 28.79 26.506 28.975
0.819 0.687 0.763 0.86 0.92 0.854

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A2_8500 0.492 0.419*** 0.421***
[0.029] [0.007] [0.007]
[0.010] [0.004] [0.005]
[0.001] [0.000] [0.000]
[0.042] [0.030] [0.030]
Latitud -0.033 0.009 0.012
[0.079] [0.084] [0.085]
[0.001]

phumid 0.002 0.002
ptemp 0.004 0.006
pnr 0.003 0.005
p(OID) 0.148 0.244 0.26
p(UID) 0.697 0.071 0.116
p(P-H) 0.344 0.921 0.919
p(P-H-N) 0.327 0.971 0.976
p(A-R) 0.012 0 0
[0.048] [0.039] [0.044]
Individualismo 0.141 0.189* 0.348***
[0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
[0.494] [0.410] [0.404]
Latitud 0.195* 0.578*** 0.535***
[0.925] [1.299] [1.373]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 14.189 28.372 25.672
p(B-P) 0.077 0.814 0.936
nr2 14.846 33.247 33.852
nr2p 0.062 0.6 0.662
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.443*** 0.338*** 0.399*** 0.428*** 0.414*** 0.399***

[0.007] [0.006] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007] [0.007]
0.410*** 0.279*** 0.442*** 0.427*** 0.409*** 0.427***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.005] [0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
-0.109* -0.053 -0.086 -0.112** -0.083 -0.120**
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.257*** -0.165*** -0.318*** -0.231*** -0.347*** -0.219***
[0.029] [0.025] [0.028] [0.032] [0.033] [0.031]
0.023 -0.014 -0.014 -0.08 0.01 -0.023
[0.087] [0.069] [0.095] [0.075] [0.084] [0.090]
0.179***
[0.004]
0.391***
[0.038]
0.061
[0.045]
0.209***
[0.036]
-0.044
[0.072]
0.247***
[0.014]
No No No No No No
0 0 0.002 0 0.001 0
0.026 0.102 0.011 0.008 0.007 0.082
0 0 0.002 0 0.013 0
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.92 0.944 0.902 0.917 0.9 0.919
0.435 0.237 0.427 0.232 0.242 0.372
0.091 0.133 0.078 0.094 0.066 0.091
0.938 0.826 0.785 0.686 0.953 0.616
0.985 0.831 0.956 0.904 0.991 0.917
0 0 0 0 0 0
e Propiedad
0.393*** 0.314*** 0.412*** 0.399*** 0.408*** 0.404***
[0.041] [0.038] [0.041] [0.039] [0.045] [0.048]
0.177 0.191* 0.260** 0.18 0.184 0.254*
[0.007] [0.006] [0.008] [0.008] [0.010] [0.009]
-0.01 0.161* 0.023 0.053 0.021 0.035
[0.434] [0.477] [0.424] [0.540] [0.552] [0.603]
0.596*** 0.548*** 0.507** 0.582*** 0.577*** 0.503**
[1.278] [1.037] [1.468] [1.413] [1.659] [1.635]
56 56 56 56 56 56
27.283 36.932 34.151 27.487 29.349 30.686
0.901 0.519 0.648 0.896 0.842 0.794
33.255 40.805 45.945 32.593 35.223 41.924
0.688 0.348 0.176 0.717 0.599 0.305

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A3_8500 -0.013 0.210*** 0.195***
[0.011] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.004] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
[0.037] [0.035] [0.035]
Latitud 0.079 -0.076 -0.054
[0.090] [0.100] [0.099]
[0.001]

phumid 0.001 0.001
ptemp 0.053 0.054
pnr 0.021 0.035
p(OID) 0.258 0.365 0.265
p(UID) 0.395 0.106 0.176
p(P-H) 0.955 0.913 0.925
p(P-H-N) 0.955 0.979 0.988
p(A-R) 0.027 0 0
Años de escolaridad 0.312* 0.290*** 0.269***
[0.130] [0.055] [0.045]
Individualismo 0.123 -0.482*** -0.420***
[0.015] [0.009] [0.006]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.032 0.194** 0.129**
[0.822] [0.589] [0.374]
Latitud 0.173 1.564*** 1.453***
[1.686] [1.781] [1.136]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 13.128 67.411 49.505
p(B-P) 0.108 0.001 0.1
nr2 7.358 45.478 38.822
nr2p 0.499 0.134 0.432
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.237*** 0.179*** 0.209*** 0.183*** 0.214*** 0.205***

[0.005] [0.003] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
0.506*** 0.321*** 0.536*** 0.532*** 0.504*** 0.515***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.005] [0.004] [0.005] [0.004]
0.058 0.079 0.067 0.041 0.07 0.028
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.277*** -0.157*** -0.334*** -0.277*** -0.365*** -0.234***
[0.033] [0.026] [0.033] [0.035] [0.044] [0.036]
-0.086 -0.112 -0.124 -0.1 -0.083 -0.111
[0.092] [0.062] [0.101] [0.092] [0.102] [0.088]
0.187***
[0.006]
0.463***
[0.037]
0.093
[0.044]
0.148**
[0.042]
-0.037
[0.063]
0.259***
[0.015]
No No No No No No
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.056 0.005 0.106 0.073 0.043 0.077
0.004 0 0.004 0.003 0.034 0.001
55 55 55 55 55 55
0.903 0.945 0.886 0.89 0.881 0.902
0.159 0.296 0.506 0.311 0.408 0.492
0.137 0.137 0.112 0.14 0.12 0.144
0.875 0.947 0.923 0.702 0.962 0.956
0.885 0.988 0.985 0.903 0.991 0.996
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.328*** 0.282*** 0.316*** 0.373*** 0.244** 0.295***
[0.061] [0.067] [0.078] [0.034] [0.083] [0.060]
-0.515*** -0.528*** -0.524*** -0.568*** -0.399*** -0.454***
[0.013] [0.010] [0.014] [0.007] [0.008] [0.009]
0.182 0.144 0.204* 0.181** 0.134 0.272*
[0.969] [0.628] [0.824] [0.454] [0.658] [1.050]
1.609*** 1.676*** 1.599*** 1.648*** 1.555*** 1.497***
[1.901] [1.519] [1.931] [1.821] [1.547] [1.809]
55 55 55 55 55 55
59.353 36.266 51.983 32.85 74.15 70.448
0.015 0.55 0.065 0.706 0 0.001
41.488 37.169 46.144 35.983 43.242 46.694
0.321 0.508 0.171 0.563 0.257 0.157

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A4_8500 0.131 0.311*** 0.297***
[0.018] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.009] [0.004] [0.004]
[0.001] [0.000] [0.000]
[0.033] [0.031] [0.031]
Latitud 0.063 -0.036 -0.025
[0.066] [0.087] [0.086]
[0.001]

phumid 0.001 0.001
ptemp 0.194 0.199
pnr 0.121 0.133
p(OID) 0.703 0.581 0.602
p(UID) 0.488 0.23 0.105
p(P-H) 0.736 0.87 0.931
p(P-H-N) 0.831 0.965 0.987
p(A-R) 0.652 0 0
[0.069] [0.044] [0.048]
Individualismo 0.02 -0.096 -0.249**
[0.011] [0.012] [0.009]
Fraccionalización etnoligüística -0.041 0.031 0.090*
[0.555] [0.527] [0.322]
Latitud 0.118 0.805*** 0.651***
[1.395] [1.510] [0.897]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 38.403 62.031 47.337
p(B-P) 0 0.004 0.142
nr2 25.749 47.383 41.748
nr2p 0.001 0.097 0.311
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.296*** 0.185*** 0.308*** 0.272*** 0.293*** 0.268***

[0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005]
0.445*** 0.336*** 0.447*** 0.463*** 0.444*** 0.457***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
0.033 0.046 0.044 0.026 0.043 0.014
[0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000] [0.000]
-0.310*** -0.199*** -0.356*** -0.291*** -0.365*** -0.277***
[0.032] [0.031] [0.031] [0.035] [0.038] [0.038]
-0.006 0.003 -0.048 -0.065 -0.022 -0.034
[0.087] [0.074] [0.091] [0.085] [0.088] [0.087]
0.129**
[0.005]
0.363***
[0.046]
0.028
[0.039]
0.145**
[0.039]
-0.013
[0.055]
0.184**
[0.016]
No No No No No No
0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0
0.412 0.278 0.261 0.173 0.207 0.452
0.126 0.001 0.105 0.094 0.156 0.108
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.915 0.935 0.904 0.912 0.904 0.914
0.379 0.173 0.272 0.663 0.255 0.502
0.313 0.157 0.192 0.226 0.241 0.146
0.968 0.911 0.777 0.847 0.883 0.936
0.989 0.47 0.937 0.863 0.97 0.962
0 0 0 0 0 0
ernacional
0.458*** 0.294* 0.633*** 0.525*** 0.453*** 0.524***
[0.052] [0.108] [0.055] [0.057] [0.062] [0.039]
-0.019 -0.176 -0.038 -0.127 -0.112 -0.1
[0.013] [0.014] [0.011] [0.013] [0.011] [0.010]
0.038 0.213 0.078 0.067 0.029 0.150*
[0.525] [0.816] [0.494] [0.549] [0.597] [0.522]
0.747*** 0.839*** 0.617*** 0.725*** 0.853*** 0.580***
[1.542] [2.047] [1.621] [1.584] [1.363] [1.167]
56 56 56 56 56 56
56.182 39.365 52.228 45.173 45.746 79.061
0.029 0.409 0.062 0.197 0.181 0
50.137 28.103 42.703 33.503 47.1 47.009
0.09 0.88 0.276 0.677 0.148 0.15

TABLA X
(1) (2) (3)
A5_8500 -0.088 0.176*** 0.186***
[0.038] [0.007] [0.006]
[0.011] [0.005] [0.005]
[0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
[0.038] [0.033] [0.032]
Latitud 0.072 0.093 0.091
[0.090] [0.103] [0.103]
[0.001]

phumid 0 0
ptemp 0.089 0.122
pnr 0.04 0.069
p(OID) 0.575 0.197 0.198
p(UID) 0.627 0.1 0.086
p(P-H) 0.849 0.799 0.913
p(P-H-N) 0.886 0.998 1
p(A-R) 0.614 0 0
[0.064] [0.029] [0.039]
Individualismo 0.307* 0.056 -0.145
[0.008] [0.006] [0.006]
[0.526] [0.253] [0.267]
Latitud -0.158 0.677*** 0.707***
[1.092] [0.778] [0.923]
Chi cuadrado (B-P) 6.246 48.892 51.983
p(B-P) 0.62 0.074 0.065
nr2 7.507 40.778 29.168
nr2p 0.483 0.268 0.848
TABLA X
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
0.209*** 0.155*** 0.164*** 0.158*** 0.182*** 0.163***

[0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.007] [0.007] [0.006]
0.506*** 0.333*** 0.542*** 0.534*** 0.510*** 0.522***
[0.004] [0.003] [0.005] [0.005] [0.005] [0.004]
-0.039 0.004 -0.017 -0.037 -0.02 -0.056
[0.001] [0.000] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001] [0.001]
-0.269*** -0.156*** -0.325*** -0.253*** -0.349*** -0.221***
[0.030] [0.027] [0.031] [0.034] [0.038] [0.035]
0.097 0.038 0.053 0.029 0.088 0.056
[0.105] [0.075] [0.113] [0.092] [0.104] [0.100]
0.178***
[0.005]
0.435***
[0.033]
0.089
[0.043]
0.185***
[0.041]
-0.025
[0.062]
0.269***
[0.015]
No No No No No No
0 0 0.001 0 0 0
0.112 0.021 0.232 0.081 0.104 0.331
0.035 0 0.004 0.009 0.061 0.004
56 56 56 56 56 56
0.898 0.934 0.883 0.892 0.878 0.901
0.544 0.204 0.174 0.321 0.245 0.608
0.148 0.122 0.107 0.165 0.124 0.112
0.959 0.845 0.8 0.637 0.865 0.94
0.999 0.676 0.998 0.981 0.999 0.998
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.237*** 0.262** 0.269*** 0.305*** 0.196** 0.226***
[0.034] [0.039] [0.039] [0.025] [0.031] [0.028]
0.064 -0.003 0.081 0.018 0.095 0.147
[0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.006] [0.005] [0.006]
0.008 0.165* 0.064 0.138** -0.049 0.055
[0.362] [0.346] [0.267] [0.232] [0.349] [0.258]
0.664*** 0.674*** 0.636*** 0.774*** 0.714*** 0.786***
[1.162] [0.939] [0.785] [1.136] [0.768] [0.835]
56 56 56 56 56 56
33.224 36.585 47.458 35.79 49.302 55.081
0.69 0.535 0.14 0.572 0.104 0.036
35.88 37.329 35.188 36.079 36.419 34.395
0.568 0.5 0.6 0.559 0.543 0.637
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Tabla Título

T1 Formas Reducidas IDH

A1 Formas Reducidas IDH (cont. Geo adicionales)

A2 Formas Reducidas LY (cont. Geo adicionales)

A3 Formas Reducidas PTF (cont. Geo adicionales)

A4 Formas Reducidas Artículos (cont. Geo adicionales)

A5 Formas Reducidas Pob + OPEN (cont. Geo adicionales)

T2 MC2E A1 con EFC - IDH

T3 MC2E A2 con EFC - IDH

T4 MC2E A3 con EFC - IDH

T5 MC2E A4 con EFC - IDH

T6 MC2E A5 con EFC - IDH

A6 MC2E A1 con EFC - LY, PTF, Artículos

A7 MC2E A2 con EFC - LY, PTF, Artículos

A11 MC2E A1 sin EFC - IDH, LY, PTF, Artículos

A12 MC2E A2 sin EFC - IDH, LY, PTF, Artículos

A13 MC2E A3 sin EFC - IDH, LY, PTF, Artículos

A14 MC2E A4 sin EFC - IDH, LY, PTF, Artículos

T7 MC2E A1 Lewbel con EFC - IDH

T8 MC2E A2 Lewbel con EFC - IDH

T9 MC2E A3 Lewbel con EFC - IDH

T10 MC2E A4 Lewbel con EFC - IDH

T11 MC2E A5 Lewbel con EFC - IDH

A16 MC2E A1 Lewbel sin EFC - IDH

Igual que anterior, se incluyen 4 regresiones controlando por: ecología

Igual que anterior, cambian variable dependiente

Igual que anterior, cambian variable dependiente

Igual que anterior, cambian variable dependiente

OLS para las cuatro medidas de desarrollo, manteniendo A1 en todas y

MC2E usando IDH y A1 como medida de instituciones, con controles

Igual que anterior, cambia instituciones a A2

Igual que anterior, cambia instituciones a A3

Igual que anterior, cambia instituciones a A4

Igual que anterior, cambia instituciones a A5

MC2E usando medidas alternativas de desarrollo y A1 como medida de

Validar estrategia de identificación con DGP

Robustez estrategia identificación con DGP

Validar estrategia de identificación con DGP para otras medidas de desarrollo

Validar estrategia de identificación con DGP para otras medidas de desarrollo

Validar estrategia de identificación con DGP para otras medidas de desarrollo

Probar otra estrategia de identificación para A1

Medir impacto A1 sobre desarrollo (IDH), comprobar calidad EI con primera

Medir impacto A2 sobre desarrollo (IDH), comprobar calidad EI con primera

Medir impacto A1 sobre otras medidas de desarrollo

Medir impacto A2 sobre otras medidas de desarrollo

Comparar resultados al remover EFC

Comparar resultados al remover EFC

Comparar resultados al remover EFC

Comparar resultados al remover EFC

Medir impacto sobre IDH al agregar instrumentos generados, comparar con EI

3.726* 5.218** 0.837 3.352 4.596* 0.466 1.46

3.326 1.689 3.309 4.958*

6.737*** 6.618** 6.697** 6.929***

5.086** 5.187** 4.953* 5.198**

4.556* 4.597* 4.709* 4.714*

3.217 3.305 2.254 3.429

4.791* 4.939* 5.208* 5.168*

(4) (5) (6) (7)

3.798 3.694 4.493 3.84

2.56 2.599 3.281 2.489

1.198 1.175 1.887 1.256

0.872 0.898 0.906 0.76

3.143 3.144 4.213 3.304

6.737* 6.618 6.697 6.929*

5.086 5.187 4.953* 5.198**

0.350* 0.348* 0.349* 0.361*

0.195* 0.193* 0.192* 0.193*

0.307* 0.304* 0.321* 0.312*

0.142* 0.217 0.217* 0.206* 0.240*

0.179 0.246* 0.247* 0.233* 0.272***

2.101 1.237* 1.157* 1.180* 1.200* 1.191***

1.176 0.938* 0.913* 0.926* 0.929* 0.931***

0.834 1.153 0.837 1.065* 1.003** 0.804*

0.216 0.353* 0.289* 0.289* 0.275* 0.280*

0.093 0.235* 0.177 0.175 0.164 0.174**

0.243 0.263** 0.265* 0.265 0.275 0.269*

0.425 0.549* 0.493* 0.480* 0.500* 0.491*

0.344* 0.448* 0.420* 0.418* 0.422* 0.415*

14.070 14.598 13.681 14.077 14.061**

0.504*** 0.303 0.460* 0.461 0.495 0.444*

0.366* 0.313* 0.361* 0.368* 0.354* 0.336*