EVALUACION DE MEZCLAS DE GRAMINEAS Y LEGUMINOSAS

FORRAJERAS TROPICALES BAJO CONDICIONES

DE PASTOREO V CORTE*
Alberto Ramirez P
Jaime Lotero C
Angelo Mlchlelln
Ennque Alarc6n M ••

1. INTRODU CCION

La~ mczclas dt grammt as y I. gummo
'las, ('onstltuycn una fUf'ntc vallOS.l (hlr I I..
nutriclOn ammal FIl "I troptco I Xlhh n
v.lnas legummosac; qut' han mo'ltr1do
Imf n dCbarroIlo <.-u.mdo CTt'cen rn me /da
<'on las gramlllcas, (1t'ro son £10('0" \0<;
cstudlo<; sobre p("rc;lhtcnCItl y <ompoTtd
mlento
La mayona dt" los tra1.aJos sobn "Vel
luarlon <It' forra]t s se h.m rf'Uh7ado haJo
(OndlrIOI1('<; de ('ortC's ('on ~rllacl.!II" y Sf"
hare IJIdl~pf'nsahll' (omparnr t <;L(' "'Ish lOa
fil' utlll/a('lon con ('I efr('to '1U(" tn (ond.
Clonl s slmllarl's tll'n(" cl cmpll 0 df' dmma
lee;

Ld IHIJU cdhdad <It Ius pratit'T'lll tmpl

Lo" ohJt lIvos df' (,,,tt. ('II .... >() fill roll 10"
.,Igultntt'l>
<alt S Jushfl{ a las mVtstlgclt lone., L('nlil( II
Lt' .. d c.'valuar d pott nCI,l1 elt' la<; Il'gurm
no".!!> (omo mc Joradura ... de I.!l> umdlclo Dc l('rrmnar haJo conch( IOU(''' d! pa ... to-
nC'.5 clrl "'Ut 10. ) cit' 1.1 (.mtHf.uJ y ( .. Iulall n 0 \ ('orlf (on ,!\ldd.llla 1.1 ,.rmitlt ( IOn
(it I CorraJI' produndo .It forrdJ! \ ! I (,OIl"UIl10 dl 1.1:. Illi 1('1 .."

• Contnbucl6n del Programa de Pastos y ForraJes (Dlvlsl6n de Clenclas An males) del leA

•• Respectlvamente Ingenlero Agr6nomo M S Programa de Pastos y Forra)es Estacl6n

Expertmental Tullo Ospina Apartado Aereo 51764 Medellfn Ingenlero Agr6nomo Ph 0
Gerente Regional 4 ICA Apartado Aereo 51764 MedclHn Perlto Agrtcola Programa de Pastos y
ForraJes Centro Expetlmental Palmira Apartado Atheo 233 Palmira e Ingentero Agr6nomo
Ph 0 Jefe del Programa de Pastos y Forrales Apartado Aereo 151123 Bogota

Revista leA BogotA (Colombia) Vol XI No 4 pp 349 361

Olclembre 1976 CK ISSN 0018 894

349
 de las h'Tamlht'~S brnqUl.mn (Brachrana
c/C'cumbcns C:;tnpl), pnra (Bracl1ut rm
mullea StapJ), punlcro (llyparrltcnm
rufa (NI SS) 'Ilapf) anglcton (Du'hon
ttum arntalum (Polr) Hubb.ml),
gutm... (POnlcum marrmum J.u tl )
p.mgola (Ih~f'orm (l"cumbl'ltt "lUll) y
coastal hrrmlul.l (Cynoe/on c/nctyioll
(L) Pcrs) con la~ ICb'ummo~as l>oya
forraJcra (Glyctn(' wIg"'" (Grall)
V crd court rnlopo (CaI()"O~OnlUm
mucunOldC's O( e;v) p( /!,l pq~a (DC's
modwm sandwlccns(') (lllorJ.t (Cliln
ria tcrnatca (L ) Dnr ) y klI(J,\I (/'upro
rIO phaseololdcs (Roxb) BI nth)
Determmar la compost( Ion qUlmu a d(
Ins mezclns antcrtorc.s
Observar la perslstenrla dc la!:> muclas
y los cfeetos del cortI' y pastorco !:>obre
las mlsmas
2 REVISION DE LITERATURA
La mvestlgaclon sobrf' ('I (omporla
mlento y produl..c,on de legummo"'l<;
forraJerns t roplcales es rxleru.n
WIllIams (1967), Whyte ct al. (1968)
han hccho reVISIOnf'S de hteratura com
plt!tas sohre los prmupales rcsultados
obtcnldos en vnnas rcgtones con mrz
clas de grammeas y legummosas
Whitney y Grf'en (1969), ohtuvlc
ron producclOnf's de 10, 80 y II, 96
tontHa de matena seea por ana t.n la
meLcia de pangola y Dcsmodlum mtor
tum cuando {'slt se semhro t n sureo!:>
dlstancludos 90 y 45 cm, n slH'cllva
mente Aparentcmcntc, 1>aJo condu'w
nes troplcales, la mczcla dC' gramJllC'as
y legummosas mas dcseahlC' cs la qUI
contlCne un 50% dc cada CSprCIl.., cslo
se ha ohtcmdo s('mbrando la!> cspeelrs
en surcos altcrnos (ICA, 1973)
350
I~ n SIHII'''I,1 ell Ius 11 ~rllmlllosns a la
uJllu .llloll.It ,. rtlll/nnll b 1m sulo muy
(1I<;('utnla I ,uHJrnu pi £II. (1953), (On-
suJ. r.1n 'Iltl I I n1tro~"nn (N). purdt, ser
hf'nf'fu IO<;U (Iur.mle (I t'Slahlf'clmrl'nto
de I klld/u rl( ru lI( ~pUf f: eI. I prime r
c orlt' pili d. .,( r 1'1 rJuuu MI, yn qm'
r{'citu I I., nod III.u Ion I ...tel" ohe;{'rvu
l..Ion"" (on( til rd.U1 (un 10" r( sullmlos
rr po rlallo.. I,or C'lro y Ch,mrll('r
(I (63) tlllll III e; I II unn ntf'.Ir In til'
k 1II1.1 II, v ~nrdllr.t (JI1pltnt.<; mrnuttjlura
[J('auv) • monlf.tron IltII I,,!> .. pll( at It)
III l> (I. N lontrtlHII.m .I (h"rnultllr t I
pon I n l.IJI cll lt1!u 11 U no .... I II 141 mt " la,
)' (on loe; U( Mon 110 (1974). (IUII'1I
('nl..onlro \liM ff duc( mJl I n I I porC{,ll
taJ( dC''' {,rummo<,.. 31 allnll nldr r.. II 0<; Ie;
lIf' N .tplll ,ul.l a lei mt.lt In UC' ~um( .1 y
soy.l forr.lJf'r.t
La altura y frN U( nCIa UI (ort(' 0 pac;..
torf'o, tlrnl una mfluI'nf'l.t "1~mfj("allVa « II
tel produ( cion y perslslc,nua (1(' lac; ~rr.un i'
n (.I., Y If'gummosas Ch .. ndl, r ('I £II.
(1953) al I sludlclr In mt 1('1.1 de kUl1/u y
pasto gotdura, ('ncontraton qUI l..uando <;C'
<-orto a 25 rm <;, ouluvo una mayor pro
ducclOn dt' mclLcrrn ~. l..a y un mayor pur
('cntuJc dl Icgummosa en In mf L( la. ('n
<omparnLlon con ('1 ('ort« C'fccltlcltio a
cmeo rm (.sLos antores rdaclOn.m {'sin
mayor produ('clon t,on cI m{'Jor dt'sarrollo
radIcular y acumulaoon df' rt'Sf'rvae; (1ur
prcscnla eI kudw ('uaO(lo Sf' ('ort:) a
may Off'S altura.. R( sulLauos slmlfnr('s
fueron rcporlado!:> por Caro y Chandlf'r
(1956) {'n un ('sturho sohre comport.l
mlcnto dt la mCLcJa <11'1 Pclsto ('If'ranle
(Pcnnrsf'tum purpureum S('humach) y ('1
kudLU
l\1orrno (1974) f n cI Valle <1('1 Cnuca,
al ('slmh.lr (·1 ('ompnrtarnrcnlo dt' la m(,
el.l tlf' gumra )' soya forraJt ra, ('nl..onlro
una mayor produc.clOn (It forraJI cUclllCio
cl corle sc lllzo a (,lnco em solm' ('I sll{'lo
•
p('m ,,) pOf('('n t"J' t n In m('zria y In ff't II
(It'rnl-IOIl de In 1('~umUlo-;.1 fue rnavor
u.:mllo ('I ('ort" ..., huo a 1 S e m
I ,I 31'Ill .ltiOIl dl fe rtlll.l,lIlll ... ol ha~, de
N, P y K .mnll nt.\ c t (onlf'Uldo de "mit'.
un ('n 1.1'" I, ~umll1u... a" (\!.ruii.J )- rl~drt 113
19')7 )- (' .Iro " (h.lntll. r, 19(1) I 3
compt,...., Ion 'IUlIIlH.1 \ (I ''llur nulnllvo
dt. la bOy.1 forrJJ' r •• 1\0 vart.trt)O t n form.l
"1~tlIrll .. llV.l (,ll.lJUlo ." I orlo ol lOb 60 )-
157 ,1Ia., p.tr,. 1,1 prlmt r,t In t u( ne hi e1('
(ort(' ('I ('01 flCH nll el. tll,!C ",1I11I\l(lao fill
lit' 61,OB'A )- IMrt la "f /-.f\lIld.J cit ,)H 6(Y'
(Prado ct al 1971 )
3 I\1ATERIALES Y METODOS
FI t 11.,.') 0 .,(' rf'JIlIo III ,I (I n tro
ramull .. l Palmira V•• 11t ell I CatH..t lo!'ull
laclo ,I 1 006 III " n m (on lIna pre'( cplt.!
('lUn prolfluhn amid I fit' 1 ()Oll nlln \'
24°r l' IUIl(,f.!lura tnl'(iI,.
r,lr.! I.. mbr•• dl Id" tnl I( It" , I ... UI 10
.,It
<;l, pfl parn ( n formd a(h I II \CIa dl "ptH " dl
.. rollin " r,•.,tnllado "" .,t mllf() "'IJIIUIt.l
111 .IIne nl. ,It forma alt. rnd un ... un () el('
:;r,lhlll1UlCUll lin .,un () dl II ~unllno" I 10...
sun,os 'it. dl<;taru Idroll 10 ('In Par..l l..t
511 rnbra ur
puntf'ro ln~le ton ., I..... II ~\I
mmos.J~, "r \llllIl'o ...( Imlll :.t ,"u,ll I,....
d('ma<; ("II( 01':' ... 1' '" mbraroll pm TJlll. f1al
vt'g('lallvo
II dls('uo 'xpc rmu nt'll 1I11111.111u • n
dmbos slsh md." flU ,I de I''lr< .1,." (/".cdl
d.,,,, (on tr('s rcpt'tu lon, <; 1.1" ...TT'lIllIIl('U"
!>C utlhl'.!ron (0010 pan. la:. prlll!'l!, tI. '" "
las }('gummo"d'" (omo "'lIh pan t l..t'" rt
tamano dl' la... "uul'arc 11 .. <; f\lf elt 2 to
mf'lros de .1Il! Ito (lor ..., I" nu lru", elc Ilr...o
(14,40 m2 )
Pnra ,I ('ai, 1110 de prollUl ( IOn dl forr..t
JC b(,C() f'n ('I .1ft I hdJO (Onllt. 101ll'" cll
pastort'o, ~r ('OSI ("..tron ,ull(''' II. IIItrotlll
(,lr los annn.lic-; dos mC'tros cuadrado<; por
.. uhpnrccla y al "ahr {'stos, Sf' COSC'( ho
t.!mhlC'n nn elr('a I;llmllar ('011 cl ohJl'lO cll'
d, lcrrmn.tr (I ( on<;umo [0<; amm.tlC's
utlh/adns vae a .. \1ol$IC'Hl f'n proclu('
Ct.Jn
(Ion proVt IlU nl. <; riel hato dl'l Prol-,rrama
cJt' G.mado flf' Le (h" v pI rtnanl'(,lan I'n la
prad, ra I.a<;13 tlut' In ml'/( la mOl!> .Jpd('C'uld
ua (onc:;umuJa a un,l altura dl' 10 (01
<;uhrt' I'IIlIVI I d( I "lie 10
1 n e I ,m d de ~u,ttJ,m..t • I (die till) ele
prmlu( e lOll de lorr IJI ... e (n "e e fe (tuu
('(1"4 e 1. mdo tina t.1Ja « nlr ..1 cll "1'1" me
lro", ( \lad r Jc\o:, , II ( ... cld "'"" pare f'la ".ua e 1
(ort( <;1 t11,h.fO CHI.! ~II ulmadora (.r.t\ I
1\ 1.1 ( u .. 1 '" ~rJ.luo p..tra • orl,lr u 10 ( HI
...olln II "win I ' " I JH lOll eI. I 1'1f<1 ,I
( lIoll ... , (0<" e ho I .. n(
III
I 'Tit
I 11 loci(h 10:> I. orl. <; Y JI.1.,tor( 0" "'(' hllo
tul'l ( .. tllll.tUOII vl<;lIal ele 1 pont Ilt"J' de
I t't"'1 I III lJlo"a<; • "t.1 01,.... tv U 1011 fill h. C hd
'>I('mpn por e I ml"'mo 0)," tv.Hlor
1 ,1'> rI( .... dr(,l'" helJO .... luellO ' I r'1l..tddll.!
ron UII' V(.f .. I dl10 (Oil "I u"J' to ell' dt:.
tnllr 10. . ldllo, no prueh" II' 0:. \ "" ... phlo
til form.! 1I1lJfornH 1001..,.../111 ell P20S ,
1\2°
J 0" • " ...." 0", "( ..., mlJr..tron • n Il( tuhf(
(l. 19()6., e n It.n 1 (l( 196-:.t huu 1,1
prllnl ra (0 ... 1 ( It 1 I I I ""''''' () ch ,!11 uland ".
it rmcoo f n .!hnl Ii. 196() d, "'})(I(,'" tit 10
('ortc . . , tiel, p'l ... lorl () I n .lIt" mhn ,I,
1()70 ele '1'111" d. I') " ..... Lort 0'"
4 RE"ULT \005 Y D15('lJ~ION
4.2 EVdlua(,lon haJo ("oneil( lone... de p3'i-
loreo
rn II I ,111..1 I ... ( IllC lu, I II Tt 1111111111 1110
pronlC <110 cJ. furr1)1' "( (0 por \ ort. , t I
POTC'I nl IJt d(' lorr.!J' (OIl,"nll,ln. II I aet.1
UIl.1 cit 1,,, me 11'1.1'"
351
w TABLA 1 Rendlmlento promedlo de forrale seco V porcentale de forrale consumldo por pastoreo en las mezclas (promedlo 15 cortes)
c.n
N

.. Legumlnosas
Gram{neas Soya Calopo Pega-pega Chtorls Kudz6 Promedlo

BraqUlana 295- 278 238 262 230 260

59" 62 59 69 58 61

ParA 356 351 286 267 383 329

61 68 65 52 57 61

Puntero 402 282 336 244 3,88 330

67 57 59 53 75 62

Angleton 391 293 303 275 431 339

60 51 50 56 60 55

GUinea 356 393 339 307 372 353

83 70 62 60 62 67

Pangola 258 183 1 55 144 213 1 91

62 65 81 95 66 74

Coastal 302 253 307 185 253 260

59 65 73 53 19 66

Promed,o 337 290 281 240 3,24

64 63 64 63 65

m1S para el GRAM O,OS =0 60 0,01 =085

promedlo de las LEG 0,05 =0 22 001 =029
mezclas (Rendlmlento) GRAM )( LEG 0,05 =0 56 0,01 =075

• Rendlmlento de forrale en ton/Ha

.. Porcentale de forraJe consumldo

 Los mayor('..5 rcndllIlltnlos prom cd lOS
para las grmnincas sc obtuvlcron con ('I
pasto gumca y fu('ron SlIpl"rlor('s cslncils-
tlramcnlr (P ) 0,01) n los 001('nul05 con
Jo~ past os braqlllarJa, coastal y pangola
Estos r('ndunlcnlos Cueron deludos prnwi
pnlmentc· a In contrd)u(,lOn el(' la gram]
n('a, yn que el porcentaJt' de legummosas
rue mf('rlOr al 30% t"n todos los casos,
como se obsen'a en la TaMa 2 Vanos
mvestlgndorcs han dt'mostrado clue solo
cuando cI porccntuJ(, de legummosas en In
mrzcla (';$ supenor al 30% Sf' tlrnen cfrc
tos slgmficatlvo" en In producclOn de fo
rraJc (Moreno, 1974 y Whytc et al,
1968)
En cste ('nsayo no 5(' {'ncontro una
relaclOn sl~llIfic.. hva ('ntre la producclOn
de [omIJ(' Y cl porcentuJc de Icgummosa
en las mezclils slI'ndo cI toerlelcnte de
correlaclon (r = 0,039) Lu fulta de slgmfl-
caneJa en es1(' caso pudo dcbcrse a un
error expenmental por la dlversldacl de las
ml'zclas estudmdas, en donde algunas
grammeas compctJan mas que otras can
las legummosas y In maduraclon no era
umforme (Tabla 3)
Como era de csperars(', se encontraron
correlaclone<; altamcntc slgmficallvas
cntre cI porccntaJc d(' legummosa, el
contentdo dc protema (r = 0,70) y el

TABLA 2 PorcentaJe de legummosas en las mezclas Promedto de 15 pastoreos

Leg ummosas
Gramlneas
Soya Calopo Pega pega Chton3 KudzCJ Promedto

Braqutana 31 12 11 3 15 14
Para 32 27 14 8 20 20
P·untero 52 32 28 19 41 34
Angleton 44 34 15 15 23 26
Gutnea 17 26 10 12 14
Pangola 53 41 34 10 20 32
Coastal 57 34 17 7 25 28

Promedto 41 30 18 10 22

TABLA 3 Correlacton entre el porcentaJe de legumlOosa V

Producct6n total de forraJe 0089

Consumo de forrale -0231
Contentdo de protetna 0707··
Contentdo de Ca 0451 ...
Contentdo de flbra 0363 *
Extracto Itbre de N 0344 ..
Contemdo de P 0213

... Stgnafu:atlVo al nlvel de 1%

353
(.oJ TABLA 6 Rendlmlento promedlo de forrale seeo de las mezclas y porcent31e de legumlOoS3s ba,o condiciones de corte con guadafia PromedlO de 10
til
en cortes

Gramlneas
.. Legumlnosas

Soya C:llopo Pega pega Clltorla Kudzu Promedlo

Braqularta 302- 314 273 302 2,61 290

10·· 11 5 5 9 8

Para 432 406 344 299 433 3,83

30 47 20 12 34 29

Puntero 440 424 415 361 470 418

59 40 28 9 42 36

Angleton 457 373 390 332 540 418

40 57 34 6 39 31

458 528 429 4 06 487 462

Gumea 32 48 14 14 36 29

285 2 13 187 172 230 217

Pangola 40 42 36 5 31 31

353 350 257 1 97 3,04 2.89

Coastal 41 34 37 6 26 29

390 373 328 2,96 3,89

Promedlo 36 37 25 8 31

OMS para el
promedlo de 100
Gram 001 =,
70
Legum 0 05 =0 50
0,05 =129

me2clas

• Rendlmlento en ton/He

.. Porcentaje de legumlnosa en la mezcla

 Para las legummosns, los mayores ren
dlmlCntos de forrajc seco y porccntajes de
Icgummosns, se ohluvu'ron can la soya, ('I
kudzu y el ealopo, cncontrandosc dlCc
renCH1S sign Jflcatlvas (p) 0,05) en
comparaCion con los rendmucntos alean
zados en las mC1.c1as con cI pega pega y In
chtona.
4.3. CompnraclIln de los sistemas de
corte y pastoreo
En In Tabln 7 se mcluy('n los rench
mlcntos obtemdos baJo condlclont's d('
pastoreo y de corte Se ve claramcnt(' que
los mnyores rendlmlcntos en todos los
casos oeurrleron cuando Ins mczcIas se
coscellaron (lor cI slst('ma d(' corte con
gu.ldnna S. se comparnn las Tabins 2 y 6
6e pucde observnr que n exct'pclOn de In
soya, los mayores porcentaJcs de leguml
nosas se cncontraron hajo condlclOncs de
corte
SI se h('ne en cuenta que las frecuen
Clas dc corte y pastor eo fucron simi lares,
cstas dlfcrcnClas pucdcn dcberse a que los
am males en pastoreo no consumlCron a

TABLA 7 Rendlmlento promedlo de forra]e seCD en ton/Ha de las mezclas balD condiciones de corte y
pastoreo

Legummosas
Gramrneas
Soya Calopo Pega pega Clltona Kudz6 Prometilo

BraqUlana 295" 278 238 262 230 260

302·· 314 273 302 261 290

3,56 351 286 267 383 329

Para 432 406 344 299 433 383

402 282 336 244 388 330

Puntero 440 424 415 361 470 418

391 293 303 275 431 339

Angleton 457 373 390 332 540 418

356 393 339 307 372 353

GUinea 458 528 429 406 487 462

258 183 1 55 1 44 213 1 91

Pangola 285 213 187 172 230 217

302 253 307 185 253 260

Coastal 353 350 257 1 97 304 289

337 290 281 240 324

Promedlo 390 373 328 296 389

• Promedlo de 15 pastoreos

•• Promedlo de 10 cortes

357
 una .. Hurd ('onstanlt )' por 10 lant...J1~1I Ob .. cr\,nr la pf'rsl!>t('ncla y cl ('tecto del
COTl( Y (M<;lor('o f'ohrr las mlsrnas
flU" l "'pi (U'S I u«-ron fit foIHul.ll> por lI, 1I.IJO
d( 1.1 ,Ihufa mh t IJdd.I ,on 10 ('ual rr "'lIlt,1
una th"llllnili Ion 'T1 III rt." rvd d, nllln , a... gram lI1('a" y If'~urnmosas s(' scm-
hr Iron "illnlllt.1O{ amcntc ('11 sur<.os allt r
m('nto'" ) In, I .m J /ollJr OplUlld I'drJ "'1\
'10" Ih ... l.llllld<iOC; 30 t III uno del otro rl
rt I uIH ra('lon Por d ( un Irdrlt> ntr I'" ('''(II
( II c; 110 fill rOil p.I"lort ul .. " 10 "1\ fll .. n lc dN no I xp' nm('nLal ullh.lado ('11 elmLoc;
I n<, ,yo.. fill I I dt r.lf( ('In... dlVl(hdas (on
Ill('nl(' ad'IlI,'''' (I (11<'01' () )- I ... Ill"'"
p.trI'l 'ItH mfl"" rOil l n h d .... lJIllIlII lOll
lrt... r! pI lIUUfl('" las gr.unmt &.IS ('orno
cI, I rt mllllllt nto I II I I t n ... ,> () hdJll I'tlslo (I.ln (1.1" prme 111d1('<; ) In.. "gummosas
r('o Ht ,ulLdclo ... '1IIlIIdr, " n porI .Ill Bn ani (Ullin "ullpan rid'" rt lJmelllo (Il lac;
y nla ... t·r (1961) '1"11 II'''' 'II tin I mill 1.1 ,I, ,>uhftclrct 1.'5 fill (1(' 2 40 x 6,00(14,40 m 2 )
dalh .. (Pa~palum c/,Iatatum POIr) " tr('hol
Illnn('o (Tnfo/III m "P(>II\ I )ourdnl< Ir('''
anue; 01.111\ It rOll rt ncilmu nl'h prom, .110'" [. n • I I lIajo e
'I'- I) () onu"
lonl " d(' r)d~
01 7036 \I ') 26') k.dH ~ tI. m,lt('rlJ <'('ld tort ()"'I harem r10s me Iro" (u,lIlrt!
I 0 ... 1 I

baJo (ort, \ I'J"'lort () rc "'P' (hv IIllf tilt (10'" por ... uhpart I la dnh" til ('nlrdr" al
.,dl1r los dnnndll'''' t .. to ... t ran VUC.IS (il r4ua
lIol .. tl In I'n procluc ('Ion ('I ,nsclYo rn
5 RESlJI\JEN Y CONCLUSrONES hellO lon<i" lon, <; f1, (orL(" SI (O"'(,lito lind
faJd II nlr.ll tI, . . t ,., mt troe; ( uarlrados por
FII un 10 ",IIlVldl Ot I ( ,nLro rxp' I"J
"lit ... tlll parcl I.. I I corl(' "i, I11.10 a (tnl 0 <..In
flU nLal PJlrlllr", Vdllc cI, I CaUl .1 loca" ... ohrc ('I l>lI I' 10 (J\.c('pluando ( I p.mi 1'1 (lIa)
IdelO .1 1 006 m.., n m (on und pr" 'P' '" «N dlO d 25 lUI Adt..mel~ I'n CCU].1
tallOlI proJlH,dld ,tIlual d, I 000 lIun ) ('orle .... el, t('rnuno ('u form" VI"U"] d
24°( d, I, ml'crdturJ In, dla <;1 rc ,iIl/,UOII pore e nl.l]! (I. It ~ummo ...a ('11 1,1(141 mC.lcla
dos ,n~a, os uno hdJO (onrli('Jollf'" cll
(ortl Ion /-.Tlldddlld \ otro hdJU t ondH 10 'lC 101(,I.lrOn ('n 1966 y SC
( 0" ,n."I} oe;
fll'> ell (".<,Iorl II I onlrol.uio ton 10<; SI II rJlUIlJroo • n 1969, dLSPUI l> de 1 S pac;lo
~1lI1 Ill( e; ollJ' lIVO., rt os y 10 ( ortl .,

Of If rmllldr 1.1 prodw rum dc lorrdJI Df 10" f( !>lIlt.ulo'l ohtl'ntclos ('$ poslLle
"('CO)' ('I (on",umu cI, las ntl II 1.1" d( 1.1'" condUlr 10 ""~U1( nlt
J-rram'1I1 a ... hr.1quI.trI.1 (lJraclruma d('('um
I" ft\) I'dra (LJraclllnrm mullco)
13.1JO (Oluht IOn('5 .It.. pastor.o lonlro
punll ro (lIypl/(Jrn nta rufa) angl, tOil
lado la~ rndYOrt'" produe I lonl .. cit.. fUrrdj'
({),chautwlIl arHlalum) ~UU\f .I (Palll
..., I (I .." .. I, ,.Ulzaron ('on lel" rn('7( las allfJ'lr
cum maximum) l',m~oIJ (f)'~lIarta I'"

df'l.umIHn,) y (o,l ... lal IlIrmudd

ton "Uellli (4 H ton/lid) (luntC'ro soya
«( vnodun darty/on) ,on 101'" II ~urnm()
(11. 02 ton/lid) ) gttJll('a t..alO[lO (3,93 ton/
11.\)
"'a" "ova forr..tj' ra «(,Iycmf' lll,!hlu)
(,dIOIH) (ralopof{onlUm mu( un (11(1, ~)
(;)1 IiI( onlro un aumt..nlo ('1\ "I constl
pl'~,1 pf'~,l (fJf'\modwl1l ~andtl u!('pn\p)
mo fit' la" mu, la", ,.1 .lUnl( nl.lr la produc
dllnr,a «(/dorm tf'rnalf'u) " "" dill
(/'uerurfCl P"U~p()[ol(l(''i)
(Ion lolal y .. I lonlt nulo <1(' y al (lasrnl r
nmT fli (onll Illllo ,I.
flltra Fstr lonsumo
V.trlO (i('c;;dl 50% pelr,. 1.1 m(,.Ie1a an"J.'lon
Dr If'rmmar 1.1 (oml'o"'l{ Ion tIUIIIlU.. :l cit pc~a III ~a ha'lld 9,)'fr. parel lel comltJ~a( Ion
t sla" rn('nIJ<; )' pdngold ('hlorld

358
 n:tjo cUlHhclOnrS <1(' corte con guada
fia, los mayorc's rt'nrhmlcntos 5(' ObtllVIC
ron ('11 Ins mrzrlas con Ins legummoSlls
soya, kudzu y calopo
En amllos cnsayos la soyn, el kudzu y
cl caJopo, moslraron huen porcentaJe y
huena pcrslstencJa, ("1 pcga pega y la
clitorm por 01 conlrano tcndlcron a dcsa
pareccr Las mczclas con soya dlcron los
mns altos porccntaJes baJo pastorco 41%
y baJo cortc 36%.
El pas to hraqurana mostro ser un poco
compatlhle con las legummosas estudla
das
Los rendlmlentos ha.Jo condlclonE's de
corte fueron mayo res a los obtcmdos haJo
condicIones de pastorco
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
EvaIuahon of mixtures of tropIcal grasses
and legumes under grazmg and mowmg
conditIons.
An expenment was conducted at the
Palmtra Expenmental Center located at
1006 meters of elevatIon with an annual
rmnfall of 1000 mm and mean tempe
rature of 24°C to evaluatf' 35 gram
legume mIxtures under grazmg and
mowmg, respectIvely The malO obJec
tIves of tlns study were
- To determIne the Yield of dry herbage
and mtake of mIxtures contammg the
grasses hraqmarla (Brachwrra
dccumbens), para (Brachrana mUlrca),
puntero (Hypharrenra rula), angleton
(Drchantlllm anstatum), gumea (Pam
cum maxImum), pangola (DrgrtarUl
decumbens) and coastal bermuda
(Cynodon dactylon) and the legumes
perenmal soybean (Glycme WlghtH),
calopo (Calopogonrum mucunordcs),
pega pega (Desmodzum sandwfcense)
aSIan pIgeon wmgs (Cl,lorro tcrnatca)
and kudzu (PucrarlO pltascololdcs)
To drtcnmnc some chemical com.
ponents of each mixture, and
10 observc the persIstance and the
effect of grazIng and mOVlng over thc
mlxturcs.
Seed of the grasses and legumes were
plantcd the Sllmc day 10 alternate rows 30
em apart. The expcnmcntaJ dcslgn was
and spht plot with three replIcations
USIng the grasses as malO plots and the
legumes as sub plots The plot size was
240 x 6 00 m (14 40 m 2 )
Forage from 2m 2 sa mples was
harvested III each subplot before and after
the grazmg penod by lactatIng Holstem
cows for the trial under graZIng
conditIons An stnp of 6m 2 was har
vested for each mixture for the tnal
under mowmg In both cases, the
harvestmg datE' was dctcrmmcd accordIng
to the percentage of legume, esltmated
VIsually, 10 each mIxture A total of 15
grazmg penods and 10 harvest were made
durmg the expenment at mtervals of five
or seven weeks
From tlllS study It rna)' be concluded
that
The higher Ylc)ds of dry forage were
obtaIned for the mlxturcs angleton kud1u
(431 ton/Ha) punt('ro pt'rcnOial soybean
(402 ton/Ha) and gmnc-a calopo (393
ton/Ha) under controlled grazIng
The mlxtur~ mtakc by till.' Holstem
cows us <.<1 an tillS cxpt'nmcn t was
posItIve Iy correia ted with for2ge
av.nlablhty and pi usphomo; content of
the hrrbage A n"g~hlve association was
(ll)c:('rved between mtal..e and fibrr
C) l·e II The antake of grcl'n fora~t.. vant.d
359
from 50% (nnglt Lon pcgn.p~a) to 95% to Ih~s,Ipear at tht· lind of the ex!', mnenl
1 ht' <lVt rn~c pc r( ('nlag( of p{'re nmal
(pnngola nSHln plg('on W1I11-,'5)
:>oyilt.m lllf' nllxluf(. wn~ 41% and 16%
In

Un dt r mowing condlltons tli(' for thL gnumg and mowang C x(,f'runt.nls,

mlxtnres In winch p('r('umal soybt'an,
culopo and kudzu wert pr('sent gav(' lh<-
11I~her Vlrlds of dl) muller
Under hoth grazmg nnd mowan~, l)l('
lrgumrs calopo, kud,u and p,.rc nma)
rc "pedlv, Iy
BnlclUJ.ma grass was V('f) d;"'TC'''SlVC cmd
showd low ulpulJlhl) lo lu ~()\Yn In
(omllinallOJl with til( I('gume <; lI~f'cl In
tllle;; ('Xpt rllnt III

soy l)('nn showed a grt'at alHllty to

complcte with th(' ~ass Thes€' I('gtlmf't. In ~cJlf'rcll. thl lu rIM!!e YIf'lcJ of dry
also showC'd good perslstanLc In ~ontral:>t, rnclUt r nmic'r ~rclLanl! was lowe r LIMn
pega pcga and aSI .. n pl~1 on WlnJr<; If'ndrd llIHIC'r mowlI1g

7. BIBLIOGRAFIA

1 ABRUNA, F and J FIGARELLA 1957 Some effects of calcium and phosphorus

fertIlizatIOn on the Yield composition of a tropIcal kudzu grass pasture Jour, of
Agrlc of the Umv of Puerto RIco 41 (4) 231 235

2 BRYANT, H T and R E BLASER 1961 Yields and stands of orchard grass

compared under clipping and grazing mtesltles Agron Jour 53 9 11

3 CARD, Rand J V CHANDLER 1956 Comparative productiVity of marker grass

and of a kudzu grass mixture as affected by season and cutlng height Jour of
Agnc of the Unrv of Puerto RIco 40(3) 144151

4 - - - - - - - - and J V CHANDLER 1963 Effect of liming and fertIlization on

productivity and specIes balance of tropical kudzu molasses grass pasture under
grazing management Jour of Agnc of the Umv of Puerto RIco
47(4) 236241

5 :;HANDLER, J V, R CARD and J FIGARELLA 1953 The effects of two

heights of cuttmg and three fertility levels an the YIelds protean content and
species pasture Agron Jour 45 397-400

6 CROWDER, L V ct al 1963 Fertllizacion de gramfneas y legumlnosas troplcales Y

sub troplcales en Colombia Mmagncultura DIA Bol de Dlv No 12 100 p

7 LANDRAU. J P SAMUELS and P RODRIGUEZ 1953 Influence of fertilizers,

minor elements, and sOIl pH on the growth and protem content of tropIcal
kudzu Jour of Agnc of the Umv of Puerto RIco 37(1' 81·95

360
8 MORENO, D M 1974 Efecto de la altura de corte, la frecuencla de corte y la
fertlhzacI6n estaclOnal mtrogenada en ml.zcla de gUinea (pamcum maXlmum
Jacq ) y soya forralera «('lycEne JQvamra L Grah ex wight and Arm) Verdcourd
Umversldad Naclonal Facultad de Clenclas Agdcolas Palmira TeSIS de Grado
74 p

9 PRADO, F R ,J 0 DASILVA y P E CAMPOS 1971 Nutnentes Dlgestlvels totals

e energla dlgestlVel do feno de soya perenne (GlyrlnC! Javamca L ), en dlferentes
Idades Ceres 96 (38) 159 176

10 WARMKE, H T , R H FREYRE and M P MORRIS 1952 Studies on palatability

of some tropIcal legumes Agron Jour 44 517520

11 WHYTE, R 0, L G NILSON y He TRUMBLE 1968 Las legumtnosas en la

Agncultura Orgamzaclon de las Naclones Umdas para la Agrlcultura y la
Allmentaclon FAO 405 p

12 WHITNEY, A Sand R T GREEN 1969 Legume contnbutlon to Yields and

composition of Dl'~mod'Um spp pangola grass mixtures Agron Jour
61 741 746

13 WILLIAMS, W A 1967 The role of the legume In pasture and soli Improvement In
the neotroplcs, Agron Trop (Trinidad) 44(2) 103 115

361