FISICA BASICA I Y LABORATORIO FIS 100

Clase N.º 8
1.- Dos bloques de masas A y B son halados sobre una superficie horizontal con una fuerza
de 130N. si existe rozamiento entre las masas y la superficie horizontal es 0,4 y las masas A
y B son iguales a 10 kg. Calcular a) la aceleración b) la tensión entre los bloques

Datos:

F ≔ 130 N
m
μ ≔ 0.4 g ≔ 9.81 ―
s2
mA ≔ 10 kg a＝?

mB ≔ 10 kg T＝?

Solución:

a) Cálculo de la aceleración.

Del bloque A:
Aplicando la segunda Ley de Newton.

∑ Fx ＝ m ⋅ a T - R ＝ mA ⋅ a ‥ . ((i)) ∴ R ＝ μ ⋅ NA ‥ . ((ii))

Entonces:
∑ Fy ＝ mA ⋅ a NA - wA ＝ mA ⋅ o NA ＝ mA ⋅ g ‥ ((iii))

(iii) y (ii) en (i):

T - μ ⋅ mA ⋅ g ＝ mA ⋅ a ‥ . ((iv))

Del bloque B:
Aplicando la segunda Ley de Newton.

∑ Fx ＝ m ⋅ a F - T - R ＝ mB ⋅ a ‥ . ((i')) ∴ R ＝ μ ⋅ NB ‥ . ((ii'))

Entonces:
∑ Fy ＝ mB ⋅ a

NB - wB ＝ mB ⋅ o NB ＝ mB ⋅ g ‥ ((iii'))
(iii') y (ii') en (i'):
F - T - μ ⋅ mB ⋅ g ＝ mB ⋅ a ‥ . ((iv'))

Resolviendo la ecuación (iv) y (iv'):

F - ⎛⎝μ ⋅ mA ⋅ g + mA ⋅ a⎞⎠ - μ ⋅ mB ⋅ g ＝ mB ⋅ a

F - μ ⋅DANIEL
AUXILIAR UNIV. VIDAURRE OCAMPO mA ⋅ g - μ ⋅ mB ⋅ g SEMESTRE 2/2021
a ≔ ――――――――
 F - ⎛⎝μ ⋅ mA ⋅ g + mA ⋅ a⎞⎠ - μ ⋅ mB ⋅ g ＝ mB ⋅ a
FISICA BASICA I Y LABORATORIO FIS 100

F - μ ⋅ mA ⋅ g - μ ⋅ mB ⋅ g m
a ≔ ―――――――― a = 2.576 ― Resp.
mA + mB s2
b) Tensión de la cuerda entre los bloques

T ≔ μ ⋅ mA ⋅ g + mA ⋅ a T = 65 N Resp.

2.- En el sistema de la figura. El coeficiente de rozamiento entre el bloque m1=1kg y el

bloque m2= 3kg es μ =0.1 mientras que el roce entre m2 y el plano inclinado es μ = 0,2. En
estas circunstancias y considerando el ángulo del plano inclinado θ ＝ 30° y la masa del
tercer bloque m3= 3kg. Calcular a)La aceleración de los bloques b) La tensión en la cuerda.

Datos:

m1 ≔ 1 kg
θ ≔ 30°
μ1 ≔ 0.1
m3 ≔ 3 kg
m2 ≔ 3 kg
a＝?
μ2 ≔ 0.2
T＝?
Solución:

a) Cálculo de la aceleración.
D.C.L. de cada bloque

Bloque 1:
∑ Fx' ＝ m ⋅ a Segunda ley de Newton

-R1 + m1 ⋅ g ⋅ sin ((θ)) ＝ m1 ⋅ a1 ‥ . ((i))

∑ Fy' ＝ m ⋅ a N1 - m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) ＝ m1 ⋅ o N1 ＝ m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) ‥ . ((ii))

∴ R1 ＝ μ1 ⋅ N1 ‥ ((iii))
AUXILIAR UNIV. VIDAURRE OCAMPO DANIEL SEMESTRE 2/2021
 ∑ Fy' ＝ m
FISICA BASICA N1 - m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) ＝ m1 ⋅ o
I Y⋅ aLABORATORIO N1 ＝ m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) ‥ . ((ii)) FIS 100

∴ R1 ＝ μ1 ⋅ N1 ‥ ((iii))

(i) y (ii) en (iii).

-μ1 ⋅ m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) + m1 ⋅ g ⋅ sin ((θ)) ＝ m1 ⋅ a1 ‥ . ((1))

-μ1 ⋅ m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) + m1 ⋅ g ⋅ sin ((θ)) m

a1 ≔ ――――――――――― a1 = 4.055 ― Resp.
m1 s2
Bloque 2:

∑ Fx' ＝ m ⋅ a T - R1 - R - m2 ⋅ g ⋅ sin ((θ)) ＝ m2 ⋅ a ‥ . ((i'))

∑ Fy' ＝ m ⋅ a -N1 + N2 - m2 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) ＝ m2 ⋅ o N2 ＝ m2 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) + m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) ‥ . ((ii'))

∴ R ＝ μ2 ⋅ N2 ‥ ((iii'))

(i') y (ii') en (iii').

T - μ1 ⋅ m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) - μ2 ⋅ ⎛⎝m2 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) + m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ))⎞⎠ - m2 ⋅ g ⋅ sin ((θ)) ＝ m2 ⋅ a ‥ . ((2))

Bloque 3:
∑ Fy' ＝ m ⋅ a m3 ⋅ g - T ＝ m3 ⋅ a T ＝ m3 ⋅ g - m3 ⋅ a ‥ . ((3))

Resolviendo la ecuación (2) y (3):

m3 ⋅ g - m3 ⋅ a - μ1 ⋅ m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) - μ2 ⋅ ⎛⎝m2 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) + m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ))⎞⎠ - m2 ⋅ g ⋅ sin ((θ)) ＝ m2 ⋅ a ‥ . ((2))

m3 ⋅ g - μ1 ⋅ m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) - μ2 ⋅ ⎛⎝m2 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) + m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ))⎞⎠ - m2 ⋅ g ⋅ sin ((θ)) ＝ m2 ⋅ a + m3 ⋅ a

m3 ⋅ g - μ1 ⋅ m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) - μ2 ⋅ ⎛⎝m2 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) + m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ))⎞⎠ - m2 ⋅ g ⋅ sin ((θ)) ＝ m2 ⋅ a + m3 ⋅ a

m3 ⋅ g - μ1 ⋅ m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) - μ2 ⋅ ⎛⎝m2 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ)) + m1 ⋅ g ⋅ cos ((θ))⎞⎠ - m2 ⋅ g ⋅ sin ((θ))

a ≔ ――――――――――――――――――――――――
m2 + m3

m
a = 1.178 ― Resp.
s2
b) Tensión en la cuerda.

T ＝ m3 ⋅ g - m3 ⋅ a ‥ . ((3)) T ≔ m3 ⋅ g - m3 ⋅ a T = 25.896 N Resp.

AUXILIAR UNIV. VIDAURRE OCAMPO DANIEL SEMESTRE 2/2021