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CONJUNTO
Septiembre 2021
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
1)
={ ∈ ⁄ − − 10 − 8 = 0}
Factorizando el polinomio, se tiene:
− − 10 − 8 = 0
+1 −4 +2 =0
= { −2, −1, 4}
={ ∈ ⁄6 − 31 + 3 + 10 = 0}
Factorizando el polinomio, se tiene:
6 − 31 + 3 + 10 = 0
−5 3 −2 2 +1 =0
=5
= ∉
=− ∉
= {5}
∈]0, √20 [
= { 1,2,3,4}
2)
a) A= { -2, 1, 4, 7, 10 }
Por diferencias sucesivas, se tiene:
-2 1 4 7 10
3 3 3 3 → = & ' = (' + )
'=1 ∶ −2 = ( + ) --------------(1)
'=2 ∶ 1 = 2( + ) -------------(2)
Resolviendo (1) y (2):
( + ) = −2
+
−2( − ) = −1
(=3 ; ) = −5
P(n) = 3 n -5
Se tiene :
= { ∕ x= 3n-5 , n E N , 1 ≤ ' ≤ 5}
b) B= { -7, -3, 1, 5, 9, ………… }
Por diferencias sucesivas, se tiene:
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
-7 -3 1 5 9 --------
4 4 4 4
= & ' = (' + )
'=1 ∶ −7 = ( + ) --------------(1)
'=2 ∶ −3 = 2( + ) -------------(2)
Resolviendo (1) y (2):
( + ) = −7
+
−2( − ) = 3
(=4 ; ) = −11
P(n) = 4 n – 11
Se tiene :
= { ∕ x= 4n-11 , n ∈ N }
c) 0 = + 1, , , , 3
1 2
1
1 2
1 2 4
56
X =P(n) = 3(
0 = { ∕ x= , n ∈ N, 1 ≤ ' ≤ 5}
56
= + 1, , , , ,………….3
1 7 2
d)
1 −−−−
1 7 2
… … … … ..
1 : 7
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
=& ' = 2 ; =
5<
= { ∕ x= ,n∈N}
5<
> = + −1, , 2, , 5, … … … . . 3
2
e)
−1 2 5 …………
2
……………
'=2 ∶ = 2 a +b ------------(2)
= [3' − 5]
> = { ∕ x= [3' − 5] , n ∈ N }
3)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
'=1 ∶ −2 = ( + ) + A -----------------(1)
'=2 ∶ 7 = 4( + 2) + A -------------(2)
'=3 ∶ 22 = 9( + 3) + A ----------(3)
Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones (1(, (2), (3):
(=3
F)= 0
A = −5
= & ' = 3' − 5
0 = { ∕ x= 3' − 5 , n ∈ N }
c) D= { 10, 15, 22, 31, 42, 55}
10 15 22 31 42 55
5 7 9 11 13
2 2 2 2
= & ' = (' + )' + A
BC:
'=1 ∶ 10 = ( + ) + A -----------------(1)
'=2 ∶ 15 = 4( + 2) + A -------------(2)
'=3 ∶ 22 = 9( + 3) + A ----------(3)
Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones (1), (2), (3):
(=1
F) = 2
A=7
= & ' = ' + 2' + 7
= { ∕ x= ' + 2' + 7, n ∈ N , 1 ≤ ' ≤ 6}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
4)
5)
G = + H , √3 , 6 , − , − 3
1
= + H , √3 , 6 , − , − 3
1
A C={ ∈ G ∕ x+1=5 → − 1 = 2}
x=4 → =3
~ x=4 ) ∨ =3
≠4 ∨ =3
0 = + H , √3 , 6 , − , − 3
1
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
d) D={ ∈ G ∕ x-1=0 ↔ + 1 = 0}
x=1 ↔ = −1
=1 ∧ ≠ 1 ∨ [~ =1 ∧ ~ = −1 ]
∅ ∨ [ ≠1 ∧ ≠ −1]
≠1 ∧ ≠ −1
U ∧ G=U
= + H , √3 , 6 , − , − 3
1
6)
a) ={ ∈G ∕ ∉S → ∈ T}
∉S → ∈T
~ ∉S ∨ ∈T
∈S ∨ ∈T
b) ={ ∈G ∕ ∈T ↔ ∈ U}
∈T ↔ ∈U
( ∈T ∧ ∈U ∨ ~ ∈T ∧ ~ ∈U
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
( ∈T ∧ ∈U ∨ ∉ T ∧ ∉U
∅ ∨[ ∈U ∨ >0 ∧ ∈T ∨ ∈0}
[ ∈U ∨ >0 ∧ ∈T ∨ ∈0 ]
[ ∈0 ∨[ ∈U ∧ ∈T]
∈0∨ ∅
∈0
= V √−2 , 1 + CW
c.) ={ ∈G ∕ ∉ ∧ ∈ }
∉ ∧ ∈
∉ ∧ ∈
X
= ∅
7)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
( ={ ∈ U ∕ 10 − 13 − 3 = 0} YZ AM'[\']M \'C](^CM
10 − 13 − 3 = 0
= =
± √ `46 a ± 2
a a
=
b
= −1/5
=+− , 3
1
− − − −'M \'C](^CM − − − − − X
b) ={ ∈ ∕6< < 7 } YZ AM'[\']M K(ACM
>']^Y 6 7 'M Y CZ]Y \' '\cY^M Y']Y^M
= ∅ −−−−−− d
c) 0 = { ∕ YZ \' e\']M fY g( ^YA]( h } YZ \' AM'[\']M
Finito
Por conceptos geométricos ----una recta tiene
infinito puntos,
0 ≠ iC'C]M
--------------------- F
d) D = { ∕ 6 =
YZ cúg]CegM fY 3}, YZ \' AM'[\']M C'iC'C]M
= 3' − − − − − ' = 1,2,3, … … ….
D ={ 3,6,9,12,15, ……………..} ------(V)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
d) > = { ∈ ∕6 − 11 −4 +
4 } YZ \' AM'[\']M \'C](^CM
− 11 − 4 + 4 = − 2 6 + −2
−2 6 + −2 =0
6
−2 3 +2 2 −1 =0
=2
=−
=
> = { 2} − − − \'C](^CM − − − d
e) X = { ∈ S ∕ √ − 2 + √ − 10 = 2} − − − YZ
unitario
resolviendo: √ − 2 + √ − 10 = 2
4 =[√ − 2 + √ − 10]
x-2+x-10 +2 k −2 − 10 = 4
2x-12 + 2 k −2 − 10 = 4
16 − 2 = 2k −2 − 10
16 − 2 =4 −2 − 10
4 − 64 + 256 = 4 − 48 + 80
−64 + 256 = −48 + 80
176 = 16x
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= 11
X = { 11} − − − − d
8)
a) ∅ = {0}
∅={}
∅ = {0} ----------------------(F)
b) { ∅} = {0}
{ ∅} = {0} − − − X
A ∅ = { ∅}
{ ∅} − − − − − ]CY'Y \' YgYcY']M
∅ = { ∅} --------------------(F)
d.) ∅ ∈ {{ ∅} }
∅ ∈ {{ ∅} } ------------(F)
9
={ ∈ G ∕ x ≠ G}
∉G
∈G′
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
A=∅
b.) B= { x ∈ ∕ = 3}
= √3 ∉
m
= ∅
0 ={x∈S ∕ ∈ S}
n
c)
x∈S → ∈ S −−−− d
n
d) = {x∈U ∕ − = 2}
− − 2 = 0o
−1 +2 =0
Q ={ -2, 1} ---------------(V)
e) > = {x∈ ∕ + 1 = 0}
+1=0
= −1
= ± √−1 ∉
>= ∅
f) X = {x∈ ∕ 12 +4 − 3 − 1 = 0}
Factorizando se tiene:
; + = 12 −2 −2 =0
; + = 6 − −1 =0
; + = 3 +1 2 −1 =0
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= −1/2
=−
=
no son elementos de Z
X= ∅
10)
~ e → q
~ ~e ∨ q
e ∧ ~q
{∃ ∕e } ∧ {∃ ∕q }
“algunos números son impares y algunos triángulos son
equiláteros “
11)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
e ∶ | |=
q ∶ +1 ⊀
V(p) = F
V(q) = V
e ∧ q
F ∧ d= X
b) ~∃ ∈ S, ≠ ∨ ~∀ ∈ , + 1 ≠ -1}
e ∨q
∀ x ∈ S, = ------------------(F)
∃ ∈ , + 1 = -1 --------------( F)
V(p) = F
V(q) = F
X ∨ X =X
c) ( ~ ∀ ∈ , | | ≠ 0 → ~ ∃ ∈ U, | | ≠ 0
Se tiene:
( ∃ ∈ ,| |=0 → ∀ ∈ U, | | = 0
e →q
~e ∨q
V(p) = F
V(q) = F
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
d → X =X
12)
⊀ ("
a) “para todos los números enteros a y b, si a<b entonces b
∀ (, ) x , ( < ) → ) ⊀ (
~ ∀ (, ) x , ( < ) → ) ⊀ ( )
∃ (, ) ∈ ,~ ( < ) → ) ⊀ (
~ (<) →) ⊀(
~[~ ( < ) ∨ ) ⊀ ( ]
(<) ∧ ~ ) ⊀(
(<) ∧ ~ ) ≥(
(<) ∧ )< (
Luego:
∃ (, ) ∈ , a< b ∧ ) < (
∃ ( ∈ S, ∃ ) ∈ S ∶ [() ≠ 0 ↔ ( = 0 ∧ ) ≠ 0
y ≤ < + 1”
e.) “para todo número real x existe un número entero “y” tal que
∀ ∈ S, ∃ ∈ ∕ ≤ < +1
~ ∀ ∈ S, ∃ ∈ ∕ ≤ < +1)
∃ ∈S, ∀ ∈ ∕~ ≤ < +1 )
∃ ∈S, ∀ ∈ ∕~[ ≤ ∧ < +1]
∃ ∈S, ∀ ∈ ∕ > ∨ ≥ +1]
13)
a) ∀ ∈ ,∃ ∈ ∶ + <3
+ <3
<3−
Si x= 2 → = 1 ∉
∀ ∈ ,∃ ∈ ∶ + < 3 --------------(F)
) ∃! ∈ ,∀ ∈ : x-y > 1
∃¡ ∈ − − − − − Y CZ]Y ú'CAM YgYcY']M fY
x-y > 1
y < x-1
∃! ∈ ,∀ ∈ : x-y > 1 --------------(F)
A ∀ ∈ , ∀ ∈ ∶ < → <
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
< → <
~ < ∨ <
≥ ∨ <
∀ ∈ , ∀ ∈ ∶ ≥ ∨ < −−−X
f ∃ ∈ ,∃ ∈ : − ∈
Si x =4 y y= 0
4-0 = 4 ∈
∃ ∈ ,∃ ∈ : − ∈ −−−−−− d
14
a) ∃ , ∈ ∕ + > €, ∀ € ∈
Si X= 4 ; x=3
4+3 > 8
7 >8 ----------------(F)
∃ , ∈ ∕ + > €, ∀ € ∈ -----(F)
b) ~ ∀ ∈ ,∃ ∈ ∕ > )
∃ ∈ , ∀ ∈ ⁄~ >
∃ ∈ , ∀ ∈ ∕ ≤
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
∃ ∈ , ∀ ∈ ∕ ≤ --------(V)
c) ∀ ∈ , ∃ ∈ ∕ − ∈
Si x= 5 ‘ y= 4
(5-4) ∈
X= 1 ; y= 2
(1-2) ∉
∀ ∈ , ∃ ∈ ∕ − ∈ ----------------(F)
d) ∀ ∈ , ∀ ∈ ∕ + < 10
Si x= 3 ; y= 8
(3+8) ⊀ 10
∀ ∈ , ∀ ∈ ∕ + < 10 -----------(F)
15)
e: ∀ ∈ G, ∀ ∈ G ∕ 40 − 3 > 15
G = {2,3,4, … … … , 20}
d e =d
q: ∃ ∈ G, ∀ ∈G ∕ + =3
+ =3
+1=3
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
V(q)= F
^: ∀ ∈ G, ∀ ∈ G ∕ 25 + 17 +9 > 204
V(r) = V
Z: ∃ ∈ G ∕ 311 < + 10 < 335
311 < + 10 < 335
311 − 10 < < 335-10
301 < < 325
d Z =X
[ e ∆ q → ^] ↔ [ ^∆Z → q]
[ d ∆ X → d] ↔ [ d ∆X → X]
(V → d ↔ d → X
d ↔ X
X
16)
U = { ∈ ∕ > 2 → < 2}
= { −2, −1,0, 1 ,2}
U = { ∈ ∕ > 2 → < 2}
>2→ <2
De:
~ >2 ∨ <2
X≤2 ∨ <2
G = { { −2, −1,0, 1 }
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
e: ∀ ∈G ∕ >3 ∨ <2
q: ∃ ∈ G ∕ =2→ >1
V(p) = V
∃ ∈G ∕ ~ =2 ∨ >1
∃ ∈G ∕ ≠2∨ >1
d q =V
^: ∶ ∀ ∈G ∕ = −2
n ‚ <7
n6
∀ ∈G ∕ = −2; ≠ −2
n ‚ <7
n6
d ^ =X
[(~e ∨ Z ∧ ] →^ ] → q ∧K =X
Luego:
q ∧K =X
(V) (F)
V ∧ K = X, ZY ]CY'Y:
De:
V(K = X
De: [(~e ∨ Z ∧ ] → ^ = d
~e ∨ Z = d
(V) (V)
F ∨ Z = d, ZY ]CY'Y q\Y:
V(s) = V
] →^=d
~] ∨ ^ = d
De:
~] d X = d
~] = X
d ] =d
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
17)
∈S → ∈
~ ∈S ∨ ∈
∉S ∨ ∈
= { √−2 , −2, 0,2 }
Y∶ = { ∈ G ∕ ∈ ′}
o
= V H, √2, W
= { V H, √2, W
e: ∃ ∈ ∕ <0
Encontrando los valores de verdad de p, q y r:
d e =d
q: ∀ ∈ ∕ = −1
n‚<
n6
d q =d
^: ∀ ∈ G, ∃ ∈ G ∕ x+y=0
d ^ =X
Z: ∃ ∈ G, ∀ ∈ G ∕ + =
d Z =d
M= ~e → ~q ∨ ^ ↔ ~Z
De:
M= ( ~ d → ~ d ∨ X ↔ ~d
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
M= ( X → X ∨ X ↔ X
ƒ = d ∨∨
V(M) = V
18)
G = V0, √2 , H, −3 , √−1W
e: ∃ ∈G ∕ = −1
√−1 = −1
d e =d
q: ∀ ∈G ∕ a=1
0a − − − − − C'fY]Y^cC'(f(
d q =X
^: ∀ ∈G ∕ = − 3 ; x ≠ −3
n ‚ <4
n6
d ^ =X
Z: ∃ ∈ G ∕ + H = H
∃ =0
d Z =d
Luego: = e → q ∧ ~q ↔e
V(A) = (d → X ∧ ~ X ↔ d
De las tablas de verdad se tiene:
V(A) = (d → X ∧ d ↔ d
d =X ∧V
d =X
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= q ∧ ~^ ∨ ^ → ~q
d = X ∧ ~X ∨ X → ~X
d = X ∧ d ∨ X → d
d = X ∨d
d = d
0 = ^ ↔Z ∧ ^ → ~e
d 0 = X ↔d ∧ X → X
d 0 =X ∧ d
d 0 =X
= [ e ∧ q → q ∨ ^ ] ↔ Z ∧ ~e
d = [ d ∧ X → X ∨ X ] ↔ d ∧ ~d
d = X →X ↔ d ∧ X
d = d↔ X
d =X
19)
e: ∀ ∈S ∕ >0
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
d e =X
q: ∃ ∈0 ∕ = −1
√−1 = −1
d q =d
^: ∀ ∈ {2,4,5,6,7} ∕ 3 + 1 > 22
d ^ =X
Z: ∃ ∈ ∕ 4 − 6 = 20
4 − 6 = 20
4 = 26
= ∉
d Z =X
]: ∃ ∈ T ∕ + 1 = H
d ] =d
Luego: P = [ Z ∧ c → ] ∨ c ] ↔ [ e ∧ ~q ↔ ^ ∨ ~Z ]
V( P) = [ X ∧ c → d ∨ c ] ↔ [ X ∧ ~d ↔ X ∨ ~X ]
V( P) = [ X → d ∨ c ] ↔ [ X ∧ X ↔ X ∨ d ]
V( P) = [ X → d] ↔ [ X ↔ d]
V( P) = d ↔ X
d & =X
20)
1) {a} ∈ ∧ V{(}W ⊂
{a} ∈ =V
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
V{(}W ⊂
Se tiene; {(} ∈
V{(}W ⊂ =d
Entonces; V ∧ d = d
{a} ∈ ∧ V{(}W ⊂ −−−−−−−−− d
2) {a} ⊂ ∧ V{(}W ⊂
Si: {a} ⊂
( ∈
{a} ⊂ =V
De; V{(}W ⊂
{a} ∈
Por tanto: V{(}W ⊂ =V
V ∧d =d
{a} ⊂ ∧ V{(}W ⊂ -----------------(V)
3) {∅} ⊂ ∧ V{∅}W ∈
De: {∅} ⊂
∅ ∈ =d
{∅} ⊂ =d
V{∅}W ∈ = X
V ∧X =X
Por tanto:
{∅} ⊂ ∧ V{∅}W ∈ =F
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
4) ∅⊂ ∧ ∅∈
∅⊂ − − − −ZCYce^Y YZ KY^f(f
∅∈ =d
d ∧ d =d
Por tanto:
∅⊂ ∧ ∅∈ =d
21)
= { 2,3,5,6,8}
= { 0,1,2,4,5,7,9}
c=
'úcY^M fY AM'[\']MZ 'M K(AíMZ fY q\Y ZM' fCZ[\']MZ AM'
'
= 'úcY^M fY AM'[\']MZ 'M K(AíMZ fY q\Y ZM' fCZ[\']MZ AM'
∈ q\Y 'M eY^]Y'YAY' ( = { 3,6,8}
c = 2 −1=7
∈ q\Y 'M eY^]Y'YAY' ( = {0,1,4,7,9}
' = 21 − 1 = 31
Por tanto: m+n=
c + ' = 1 + 37
c + ' = 38
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
22)
= V{0,1}, {2,4,8}, ∅W
= {0,1,4,8}
0 = V ∅, {∅}, {1}, 2, {4}, {8}W
a) ∅ ⊂ ; ∅ ∈ ,0 ⊂ ; ⊂ ; {1} ∈
∅ ⊂ − − − −ZCYcYe^Y YZ KY^f(f
∅ ⊂ −−−−−−− d
∅ ∈ − − − −?
∅ − − − YZ YgYcY']M fYg AM'[\']M
∅ ∈ −−−−− d
0 ⊂ − − − −?
∀ ∈0 → ∈
{∅} ∉
0 ⊂ −−−−−−−−− X
⊂ − − − −?
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
∀ ∈ → ∈
0 ∉
⊂ −−−−−− X
{1} ∈ − − − −−?
= V{0,1}, {2,4,8}, ∅W
{1} ∉
{1} ∈ −−−−−− X
B) {1, 8} ∈ ; V{∅}, {1}W ∈ 0 ; {0,1} ⊂ 0 ; V∅, {∅}, {1}W ⊂ 0
V{∅}, {1}W ∈ 0 − − − − − d
{0,1} ⊂ 0 − − − −?
Se tiene: 0, 1 ∈ 0
0 ∉0
1∉0
{0,1} ⊂ 0 − − − − − − X
V∅, {∅}, {1}W ⊂ 0 − − − −−?
∅, {∅}, {1} ∈ 0
∅∈0
{∅} ∈ 0
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
{1} ∈ 0
V∅, {∅}, {1}W ⊂ 0 − − − − − d
{∅} ⊂ − − − −?
∅ ∈
{∅} ⊂ −−−−− X
V∅ ,1, 2, {8}W ⊂
∅ ,1, 2, {8} ∈
-------?
∅ ∉
V∅ ,1, 2, {8}W ⊂ ---------(F)
∅ = {∅} − − − −−?
ZY Z()Y q\Y: ∅ = { }
∅ = {∅} − − − − − − − X
{0,1} ∈ − − − −?
{0,1} ∈ −−−−−− d
{0,1} ⊂ † − − − −−?
0,1 ∈
∅ ∉
{0,1} ⊂ − − − − − X
{0,1} ⊂ − − − −?
0,1 ∈ B
0 ∈
1 ∈
{0,1} ⊂ −−−−−−− d
{0,1} ∈ 0 − − − −−?
0 ∉0
1 ∉0
{0,1} ∈ 0 − − − − − − X
{1} ⊂ {0,1} − − − −−?
1 ∈ {0,1}
{1} ⊂ {0,1} − − − − − d
{1} ∈ V{1}W − − − − d
23)
= { 2, {3,4}, {5}, 6}
a) ∃ ‡ ∈ & ∕4 ∈‡
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
N[P(A)] = 27 = 16
& = {{2}, V{3,4}W, V{5}W, {6}, V2, {3,4}W, V2, {5}W, {2,6}, − −
-------{{3,4}},{{5),6}} ---}
∃‡ ∈& ∕4 ∈‡ −−−−− X
b) ∃ ‡ ∈ & ∕ {6} ⊂ ‡
{6} ⊂ ‡
‡ = {6}
{6} ⊂ {6} -----(V)
∃‡ ∈& ∕ {6} ⊂ ‡ ---------------------(V)
c) ∃ ‡ ∈ & ∕ {5} ∈ ‡
‡ = V{5}W
{5} ∈ V{5}W − − − − d
∃‡ ∈& ∕ {5} ∈ ‡ − − − − − − − d
d) ∃ ‡ ∈ & ∕ {3,4} ⊂ ‡
‡ = V{3,4}W
{3,4} ⊄ V{3,4}W
∃‡ ∈& ∕ {3,4} ⊂ ‡ − − − − − − X
24)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
G = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
= {2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23, − − − − −}
= {1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100}
0 = {1,3,5,7,9}
a) ( A U B)’-C
( A U B)’-C = (A’ ∩ o
) ∩ 0o
A’ =U-A ={ 1,4,6,8,9,10}
B’ =U-B ={ 2,3,5,6,7,8,10}
0 o = G − 0 = {2,4,6,8,10}
A’ ∩ o
= {6,8,10}
(A’ ∩ o
) ∩ 0 o = { 6,8,10}
b) −0 ′∩
−0 o∩ = ∩ 0′ ′ ∩
= o
G0 ∩
o
G0 = { 1,34,5,6,7,8,9,10}
o
G0 ∩ = { 1,4,9}
c) ( A ∆ − ∆0
A∆ = G − ∩
G = {1,2,3,4,5,7,9,11,13,16,17,19,23,25,26, − − −−}
A∆ = G ∩ ∩ ′
A∆ = G ∩ o
G o
o
G o
= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
A ∆ = {1,2,3,4,5,7,9}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
A ∆0 = G0 − ∩0
G0 = {1,2,3,5,7,9,11,13,17, 19,23,25,26, − − −−}
A ∆0 = G0 ∩ ∩0 ′
A∆ = G ∩ o
G0
o
G0 o = {1,2,4,6,8,9,10}
A ∆0 = {1,2,9}
Luego:
(A∆ − ∆0 =
= {1,2,3,4,5,7,9}-{1,2,9}
(A∆ − ∆0 = { 3,4,5,7}
d) (A ∩C)’- (BUC)’
(A∩C)’- (BUC)’ = [(A∩C)’ ∩ [ BUC ’ ]’]
= o
G0 o ∩ G0
De:
= {1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100}
0 = {1,3,5,7,9}
A’ =U-A ={ 1,4,6,8,9,10}
0 o = G − 0 = {2,4,6,8,10}
G0 = { 1,3,4,5,7,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100}
o
G0 o = { 1,2,4,6,8,910}
o
G0 o ∩ G0 = {1,4,9}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
25
={ ∈ ∕ ~[ ≤ −2 ∨ > 3}
~[ ≤ −2 ∨ > 3}
> −2 ∧ ≤3
={ ∈ ∕ > −2 ∧ ≤ 3}
= { −1, 0, 1,2, 3}
={ ∈ ∕ ~ −1 < ≤3 → = 5}
~ −1 < ≤3 → =5 }
~~ −1 < ≤3 ∨ =5
−1 < ≤3 ∨ =5
−1 < ≤3 ∨ =5
={ ∈ ∕ −1 < ≤3 ∨ =5 }
= { 1,2,3,5}
0={ ∈ ∕( < −2 ∨ ≥2 → >1 }
< −2 ∨ ≥2 → >1
~ < −2 ∨ ≥2 ∨ >1
≥ −2 ∧ <2 ∨ >1
−2 ≤ <2 ∨ >1
0={ ∈ ∕ x ∈ [−2, ∞ [ }
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
BY M)]CY'Y: ∩0 ∆ ∩
∩0 ∆ ∩ =[ ∩0 G ∩ ]−[ ∩0 ∩
∩ ]
=[ ∩ G0 ] −[ ∩ ∩0 ]
= { −1, 0, 1,2, 3}
= { 1,2,3,5}
C ={ -2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,-------}
G0 = {−2, −1,0,1,2,3,4,5, − − − − −}
∩ G0 = { 1,2,3,5}
∩ 0 = { −1,0,1,2,3}
∩ ∩ 0 = {1,2,3}
Luego:
∩0 ∆ ∩ = { 1,2,3,5} − {1,2,3}
∩0 ∆ ∩ = {5}
26)
= { (}
a) P(B-C)
−0 = ∩ 0o
0 o = > − 0 = {{(}, {(, ∅}}
− 0 = {(}
P(B-C) = { ∅, {(}}
b) 0 ∩ − o
0∩ = ∅
0∩ − o
= 0∩ ∩
0∩ − o
= ∅ ∩
0∩ − o
= ∅
c) 0 − o
∪ ∩ o
0− =0∩ o
o
= {∅, {∅, (}}
0− = {∅}
0− o
=>
BY ]CY'Y q\Y o
:
o
= V∅, {(}, {(, ∅}W
∩ o
= {{(}}
d) Luego: 0 − o
∪ ∩ o
0− o
∪ ∩ o
=>G ∩ o
0− o
∪ ∩ o
=>
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
27)
={ ∈ ∕ 7-x=3 ∨ <3}
7-x=3 ∨ <3
=4 <3
={ ∈ ∕ x =4 ∨ <3}
= { 1,2,4}
={ ∈ ∕ 5-x>2 ∧ 6 −2 ≥2}
1
5-x>2 ∧ 6 −2 ≥2
1
< 3 ∧ 6x-2 ≥ 10
<3 ∧ x≥2
={ ∈ ∕ < 3 ∧ x ≥ 2}
= {2}
0={ ∈ ∕ x es un cuadrado perfecto, x ≤ 10 }
0 = { 1,2,3}
( G ∩ 0−
0− = ∈0 ∉
0− = {3}
G = {1,2,4}
G ∩ 0− = ∅
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
b) (A-B) U(B∩ 0
− = {1,4}
B ∩ 0 = {2}
(A-B) U(B∩ 0 = { 1,2,4}
c ∩ − −0
∩ = {2}
− 0 = { 4}
∩ − −0 = ∅
d.) ∆ ∩ ∩0
∆ = G − ∩0
G = {1,2,4}
∩ 0 = {1,2}
∆ = {4}
B ∩ 0 = {2}
∆ ∩ ∩0 = ∅
28)
={ ∈ ∕ 3<x ≤ 4 }
= { 4}
= {€ ∕ z = ' , ' ∈ ,' ≤ 5 }
= { 1,4,9,16,25]
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
a) ∩ G o
=
∈[ ∩ G o
]=
= ∈ ∧ ∈ G o
= ∈ ∧ ∈ ∨ ∈ ′
Sea: p= ∈
q= ∈ o
= e ∧ e ∨ q --------Morgan
=e
= ∈
∩ G o
= -----------------(V)
b) ∩0 − = ∩ 0−
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
[∈ ∩0 − ]=
= ∈ ∩0 ∧ ∉
= ∈ ∧ ∈0 ∧ ∉
= ∈ ∧[ ∈0 ∧ ∉ ] ---agrupación
= ∈ ∧ ∈ 0−
= ∩ 0−
∩0 − = ∩ 0− -----------(V)
c) ∩ G0G = ∩ G ∩0 G ∩
∈[ ∩ G0G ]=
= ∈ ∧ ∈ [ G0G ]
= ∈ ∧[ ∈ ∨ ∈0 ∨ ∈ ]
= ( ∈ ∧ ∈ ∨ ∈ ∧ ∈0 G
∈ ∧ ∈
= ∩ G ∩0 G ∩
Por tanto:
∩ G0G = ∩ G ∩0 G ∩ -----(V)
30)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
0 ∩ = ∅ → 0− =0
[ G −0 ]∩[ G 0− ]=
[ G − 0 ] ∩ [ G 0]
=[ G ∩ 0 o ] ∩ [ G 0]
={ G ∩ G0 o ] ∩ G0 ; G =
=[ ∩ G0 o ] ∩ G0
=[ ∩ G0 ] ∩ G0 o
= ∩ G0 o
Pero: 0 ∩ = ∅ → 0o =
G0 o = 0 o
[ G −0 ]∩[ G 0− ]= ∩ G0 o
= ∩ 0o
= −0
31)
a) ∩ o
G =
∩ o
= ∅
∩ o
G =∅G
∩ o
G = ------------(V)
b) G o
= o
∩ o
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
Pd) i) G o
⊂ o
∩ o
ii) o
∩ o
⊂ G o
i) ∈ G o
→ ∈ o
∩ o
∈ ′ ∧ ∈ ′
∈ o
∩ o
Luego: G o
⊂ o
∩ o
-------(1)
ii) ∈ o
∩ o
→ ∈ ′ ∧ ∈ ′
∉ ∧ ∉
∉ ∨
∈ ∨ o
∈ G o
o
∩ o
⊂ G o
-------(2)
a) De (1) y (2): G o
= o
∩ o
---------(V)
c.) − = ∩ o
∈ − =
= ∈ ∉
= ∈ ∧ ∈ ′
= ∈ ∧ o
= ∈ ∩ o
− = ∩ o
−−−−−−−−− d
⊂ ↔ o
⊂ o
⊂ → o
⊂ o
d.)
i)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
ii) o
⊂ o
→ ⊂
i) ⊂ → o
⊂ o
⊂
∈ → ∈
e → q = ~ q → ~e
∉ → ∉
∈ o
→ ∈ ′
′⊂ ′
No hace falta demostrar ii)
⊂ → o
⊂ o
--------------------(F)
e.) ∩ G0 = G0 ∩ G0
∈[ ∩ G0 ] =
= ∈ ∧ ∈ G0
= ∈ ∧ ∈ ∨ ∈0
= ∈ ∧ ∈ ∨ ∈ ∧ ∈0
= ∈ ∧ ∨ ∈ ∧0
= ∈ ∩ ∨ ∈ ∩0
∩ G0 = G0 ∩ G0 − − − − − X
f.) G − ∩ = − G −
∈[ G − ∩ ]=
= ∈ G ∧ ∉ ∩
= ∈ G ∧ ∈ ∩ o
= ∈[ G ∩ o
G o ]
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= ∈[ o
∩ G G ′∩ G ]
= ∈[ o
∩ G o
∩ ]
= ∈[ ∩ ′ G ∩ ′ ]
= ∈[ − G − ]
Por tanto:
G − ∩ = − G − -------(V)
32)
= { 1,2,3,4,5}
G={ ∈ ∕ 0 <x < 11 }
G = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
= { ∈ G ∕ x= 2k, k ∈ G}
= { 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20}
a) o
∩ o
≠ G − {9}
Se tiene:
o
=G− = {6,7,8,9,10}
o
=G− = {1,3,5,7,9}
o
∩ o
= {7, 9}
G− = { 6,7,8,9,10}
o
∩ o
≠ G − {9} − − − − − − − − d
b) G o
={ ∈G ∕ − 16 + 63 = 0}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
− 16 + 63 = 0 , i(A]M^C€('fM:
− 9 − 7 =0
G o
= {7,9}
Además: G o
= o
∩ o
o
∩ o
= {7,9}
G o
={ ∈G ∕ − 16 + 63 = 0} ---------(V)
c) ( − ′ ≠ ′G ∩
( − ′= ∩ ′ ′
= o
G
o
G = { 2,4,6,7,8,9,10,12,14,16,18,20}
o
G ∩ = o
G
o
G = { 2,4,6,7,8,9,10,12,14,16,18,20}
( − ′ ≠ ′G ∩ −−−−−−− X
d) (B-A) ≠ {8,10
− = ∩ o
∩ o
= { 6,8,10}
(B-A) ≠ {8,10 --------------------(V)
33)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
={ ∈ ∕ x= ‘ −1 ,k∈ }
= V(, ∅, {∅}W
= + {∅}, V{∅}W3
a) G − ∩ = +(, ∅, V{∅}W3
G = { (, ∅, {∅}, V{∅}W}
∩ = V {∅}W
De: A-B= ∈ ∉
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
n[P(A)] = 25 ’
= 2 =8
El número de elementos de P(A) =8 -----------(V)
c.) & ∩& = {{{∅}}, ∅}
& = { , ∅, {(}, {∅}. {(, ∅}, V{∅}W, {a,{∅}}, {∅, {∅}}
& = { , ∅, V{∅}W, {{∅}, V{∅}W}
g\YpM:
& ∩& = {∅, V{∅}W}
a) − −0 = − G0
− −0 = − ∩ 0o
= ∩ o
∩ 0o
= ∩ o
∩ 0o
= A∩ G0 o
= − G0 − − − − − eM^ fYiC'CACó'
− − 0 = − G0 − − − − − − d
b) o o o
=G−
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
o o o
→ ∈ ′ o o
(( ∉ ′ ′
∉ ′ o
∈ o
∈ o
∉
∈ ′
∈ G− eM^ fYiC'CACó'
= G − -------------------(V)
o o o
A ∩ o
G =
∈ ∩ o G =
= ∈ G ∩ o
= ∈ ∨ ∈ ∧ ∈ o
= ∈ ∨ ∈ ∧ ∉
∈ =e ∉=q
e ∨ e ∧ q = e − − − − − ƒM^p('
Si:
=e
= ∈
∩ o G = −−−−−−− d
d.) o
G o ∩ =
∈ ′G o ∩ =
= ∈ ∩ ′G o
= ∈ ∧ ∈ o∨ ∈ o
= ∈ ∧ ∉ ∨ ∉
Si: ∈ =e ∉ =q
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
e ∧ ~ e ∨ q = e ∧ q − − − − − ƒM^p('
= ∈ ∧ ∉
= ∩ o
o
G o
∩ = −−−−−−−− X
e) [ o
G ] − 0 = G0 o G −0
{∈ [ o
G ] − 0} =
= ∈ o
G ∧ ∉0
= ∈ ′∨ ∈ ∧ ∉0
= ∈ o
∨ ∈ ∧ ∈ 0′
= ∈ 0o ∧ ∈ o
∨ ∈
= ( ∈ 0o ∧ ∈ o
∨ ∈ 0o ∧ ∈ ------distributiva
=( ∈ o
∧ ∈ 0o ∨ ∈ ∧ ∈ 0′
= ∈ o
∧ 0′ ∨ ∈ ∧ 0′
= ∈ G0 ′ ∨ ∈ −0
= G0 G − 0
o
[ o
G ]−0 = G0 o G −0 −−−−− d
36)
e: ∉ ∧ ∈ ∨ ∈0
~[ ∉ ∧ ∈ ∨ ∈ 0]
La negación es:
~ ∉ ∧ ∈ ∧ ~ ∈0
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
(~
∉ ∨ ~ ∈ ∧ ∉0
∈ ∨ ∉ ∧ ∉0
∈ ∨ ∈ o ∧ ∈ 0o
∈ G o ∧ ∈ 0o
G o ∩ 0o
( ∈ [ G o ∩ 0 o]
∈ [ G o ∩ 0 o] − − − − − − d
b.) ∈[ −0 G G0 o
G o
∩ 0o
G ∩ 0o =
DE:
o
= ∩ 0o G o ∩ 0o
= − 0 G B U C)’
∈ [ − 0 G G0 o − − − − − − d
A ∈ [ G ∩ 0 o]
G o ∩ 0o
De (a) se tiene que la negación de p es:
∈ [ G ∩ 0o] ≠ ∈ [ G ∩ 0o]
∈[ G ∩ 0 o] − − − − − − − X
37)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
1) ∩ 0− o
YZ gM cCZcM q\Y ∩ G0 o
De: ∩ 0− o
∩ 0− o
= ∩ 0∩ o o
= ∩ 0oG
∩ 0− o
≠ ∩ G0 o
2)
= { ∈ U ∕ 10
= 13 + 3} YZ AM'[\']M \'C](^CM M
= { ∈ S − {0}⁄−x = < } es un conjunto vacío
− = <
= −1
De: 10 = 13 + 3
10 − 13 − 3 = 0
= =
±√ `46 a ± 2
a a
= 3/2
?
= −1/5
= + , − 3 'M YZ \'C](^CM
1
V(A) = F
d =d
X ∨d =d
Literal 2) -----------------(V)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
∈ S y = {( ∈ S ∕ 4 − 2( + ( + 3,
YZ \' ]^C'McCM A\(f^(fM eY^iYA]M, Y']M'AYZ ⊂( ∈ ∕
3.) Si
( + 24 = 6( + 4(}
( + 24 = 6( + 4(
( − 6( + 24 − 4( = 0
( (−6 +4 6−( =0
( (−6 −4 (−6 =0
( −4 (−6 =0
(=2
F( = −2
(=6
Si ( = 2 → 4 − 4 + 5 − − −
−'M YZ A\(f^(fM eY^iYA]M
Si ( = −2 → 4 +4 +1= 2 +1 −−−−
Es cuadrado perfecto
Si ( = 6 → 4 − 12 + 9 = 2 − 3 − − − −
Es cuadrado perfecto
= { −2,6}
( ∈ = { −2,2,6}
→ ⊂( ∈ −−−−−−− d
Son verdaderas-------2) y 3)
38)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
a) ⊂0 → G ∩0 = G ∩0
(hipótesis) (por demostrarse)
(AUC) = C
A∩0 =
∈ G ∩0 =
= ∈ ∨ ∈ ∧ ∈ ∨ ∈0
= ∈ G ∧ ∈ G0
= ∈ G ∧ ∈0
= ∈0 ∧ ∈ G
= 0 ∩ G
⊂0 → G ∩0 = G ∩0−−−−−− d
b) AU ∩ = ∩ G =
De: AU ∩ =
= G ∩ G
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= ∩ G = ∩ G
A= p y B-q
∩ G = e ∧ e ∨q
= e − − − − − cM^p('
∩ G =
Por tanto: AU ∩ = ∩ G = −−− d
G [ ∩ G0 ] = G ∩0
G [ ∩ G0 ] =
d.)
= G ∩ [ G G0 ]
= G ∩ [ G G0]
= G ∩ (AUC)
= G ∩0
G [ ∩ G0 ] = G ∩0 −−−− d
Por tanto:
39)
∅ ⊂ −−−−− d
a)
∅ ∈ −−−−− d
{a} ∈ − − − − − d
d ∧ [d ∧ d]
Luego:
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
d ∧ d
→ d
{∅} ⊂
b.)
∅ ∈
{∅} ⊂ −−− d
V{∅}W ⊂ − −−?
{∅} ∈
V{∅}W ⊂ −−−− d
{(} ⊂ − − − −?
( ∈
{(} ⊂ −−−−− d
Luego:
q: d ∧ d ∧ d
→ d
d q =d
c) r: {{a}} ⊂ ∧ [ ( ∈ {(} ∧ {(} ∈ {{(}}
De: {{a}} ⊂
{(} ∈
{{a}} ⊂ −−−− d
( ∈ {(} ?
( ∈ {(} − − − − d
{(} ∈ V{(}W ?
{(} ∈ V{(}W − − − − d
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
Luego: d ∧ [ d ∧ d]
d ∧ d
→ d
d ^ =d
40)
⊂ ↔ G =
⊂ → G =
a)
G = → ⊂
Pd) i)
∈ G
ii)
i)
De: ⊂
∀ ∈ → ∈
De (1):
→ ∈ ∨ ∈
→ ∈ ∨ ∈
∈
⊂ → G =
ii) G = → ⊂
∈
De: G =
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
∈∨ ∈
→ ∈ G
∈
A⊂
G = → ⊂
Luego: ⊂ ↔ G = ----------(V)
b) A ⊂ o
↔ ⊂ o
Pd) i) A ⊂ o
→ ⊂ o
ii). ⊂ o
→ A⊂ o
i) A⊂ o
→ ⊂ o
Y: A ⊂ o
∀ ∈ → ∈ ′
e → q = ~ q → ~e
∉ ′→ ∉
∈ → ∉
SI ; ⊂ o
∈
→ ∉
↓ ∈ ′
⊂ o
ii) ⊂ o
→ A⊂ o
Y: B ⊂ o
∀ ∈ → ∈ ′
e → q = ~ q → ~e
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
~ ∈ o
→ ∉
~ ∉ → ∈ ′
∈ → ∈ ′
SI: ∈
∈ o
A⊂ o
Por tanto: A⊂ o
↔ ⊂ o
−−−−−− d
c) ∩ = ∅ → ⊂ o
∩ = ∅ → = ′
De: ⊂ o
→ ∈
→ ∉ o
→ ∉
→ ∈ o
⊂ o
∩ = ∅ → ⊂ o
----------(V)
d) G o o
= −
G o o
= o
∩ o
′
= o
∩
= ∩ o
= −
G o o
= − −−−−− d
41)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
42)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
e: ∈[ − 0− ]o
q: ∉ [ ∩ 0oG ]
ef e ≡q
∈[ − 0− ]o =
= ∉[ − 0− ]
= ∉[ ∩ 0− o
]
= ∉ [ ∩ 0 ∩ ′ o]
= ∉ [ ∩ 0oG ]
→ e ≡q
43)
ƒ = +−3, − , 0, , 2, √2 , 3 + √2 , 2C3
={ ∈ƒ ∕ ∉ƒ→ ∉ }
∉ƒ→ ∉
~ ∉ƒ ∨ ∉
→ ∈ƒ ∨ ∉
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= +−3, − , 0, , 2, √2 , 3 + √2 , 2C3
={ ∈ƒ ∕ ∈S ↔ ∈ T}
∈S ↔ ∈ T = e ∧ q ∨ (~ e ∧ ~q
= ∈S ∧ ∈ T ∨ (~ ∈ S ∧ ~ ∈ T
= ∈S ∧ ∈T ∨( ∉S ∧ ∉T
∈S ∧ ∈T= ∈T
= V√2 , 3 + √2W
∉S ∧ ∉T= ∉ S∨ T
= ∉R
= {2C}
B= ∈S ↔ ∈ T = V √2 , 3 + √2, 2CW
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
={ ∈ƒ ∕ ∈0 ∧ ∉ U}
∈0 ∧ ∉ U = {2C} ∧ {√2 , 3 + √2, 2C}
= {2C}
Luego: ∩ G −
∩ G − = {2C} G −
= {2C}
44)
= { ∈G ∕ ∈0 ∧ ∈ T}
= ∅
= { ∈G ∕ ∈ ′ ∧ ∈ U}
o
=G− = { −6, −3, 0, 0.4, 0. 3R, , √6, 1 − C}
1
= { ∈G ∕ ∈ ∨ ∈ } = ∈
= { −6, −3, 0, 4}
Se de obtener: ƒ ∩&
ƒ= { ∈G ∕ ∈ → ∈ }
∈ → ∈ = ~ ∈ ∨ ∈
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= ∉ ∨ ∈
= ∈ o
∨ ∈
= ∈G ∨ ∈
= ∈G
&= { ∈G ∕ ∈ ↔ ∈ }
∈ ↔ ∈ = ∧ ∨ ~ ∧ ~
∈ ↔ ∈ = ∧ ∨~ ∨
∧ = { −6, −3, 0}
~ ∨ = V 0. 3R, √6, 1 − CW
P= ∈ ↔ ∈ =
45)
‡ = {eMgCpM'MZ ^Yp\g(^YZ}
= {A\(f^Cg(]Y^MZ}
= {]^Cá'p\gMZ Yq\Cg(]Y^MZ}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= G[ ∩ ∩ 0 ] ∩ [ ′G ∩ ∩0 ]
= ∩ [ ′G ∩ ∩0 ]
= ∩[ ∩ 0 G ′]
= ∩ ∩0 G ∩ ′]
= ∩0 G ∩ ′]
= ∩ 0G o
= ∩ 0′ ∩ ′
= ∩ ∩ 0′ ′
= ∩ −0 ′
Rpta ----------------------( d)
48)
De:
e∶ ~ ∈ [0 G − ]
~ ∈0 ∨ ∈ − ]
~ ∈0 ∨ ∈ ∩ ′ ]
∉ 0 ∧ ∉ ∩ ′
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
∈ 0o ∧ ∈ ∩ o o
∈ 0o ∧ ∈ ∧ o o
∈ 0o ∧ ∈ o
∨ o
′)
∈ 0o ∧ ∈ o
∨ )
∈ ∨ o
) ∧ ∈ 0o
∈ ′ ∧ )’ ∧ ∈ 0 o --------(f)
→ − ′ ∩ 0′
→ − ′−0
A) ∈[ − o
−0
∈[ − o
− 0] ---------(V)
) ∈[ −0 G G0 o ]
∈[ −0 G G0 o ] = ∈ −0 ∨ ∈ G0 o
= ∈ ∩ 0o ∨ ∈ G0 o
= ∈ ∧ ∈ 0o ∨ [ ∈ o
∩ 0o ]
= ∈ ∧ ∈ 0o ∨ [ ∈ o
∧ ∈ 0′]
= ∈ 0o ∧ ∈ ∨ ∈ o
= ∈ 0o ∧ ∈ o
∧ ∈ ′ ------(g)
Se tiene que: f= g
∈[ −0 G G0 o ] ------------------------ V
A ∈[ G G0 o ]
∈[ G G0 o ] = ∈ ∨ ∈ G0 ′]
= ∈ ∨[ ∈ o
∧ ∈ 0′]
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
∈[ G G0 o ] − − − − − − − − X
49
= {1,2,3}
= { ∈ ∕ − − 6 = 0}
− −6=0
−3 +2 =0
Se tiene:
= { −2,3}
0= { ∈ ∕ 2< < 6}
0 = {3,4,5}
=0− ∩
∩ = {3}
= {4,5}
Calculando: n[P[P D ]]
P D = 22 = 4
n[P[P D ]] = 24 =16
50
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
0 ⊂ o
→ ⊂ 0′
0′G = 0′
{[ 0G ∩ ]G0 o } ∩ = ∩ 0o
{[ 0G ∩ ]G0 o } ∩ = {0 o G [ ∩ 0G ]} ∩
= { 0o G ∩ [ 0 o G 0G ]}∩
= { 0o G ∩ [ 0 o G0 G ]}∩
= { 0oG ∩ [ d G ]} ∩
= { 0oG ∩ d} ∩
= C’UA } ∩
= 0o ∩
= ∩ 0′
51
a G = ∆ ∆ ∩
∆ ∆ ∩ = ∆ G ∩ −[ ∆ ∩ ∩ ]
= [{[ G − ∩ ]}G ∩ ]−
[[ G − ∩ ]∩ ∩ ]]
= {[ G ∩ ∩ o]
G ∩ }−
o ]]
{[ G ∩ ∩ ∩ ∩ ]}
= {[ ∨ ∧ o
∨ o ]∨ ∧ }−
{[ ∨ ∧ o
∨ o ]] ∧ ∧ ]}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
={ o
∨ o
′∨[ o
∨ o
∧ ∨ ]−
{[ ∨ ∧ ∧ ′]] ∧ ∧ ]}
Utilizando proposiciones:
=[ ~p ∨ p ∧ q ]- [ p ∧ ~e ∧ q ]
=[ ~p ∨ p ∧ q ]- [ p ∧ ~e ∧ q ]
=[ ~p ∨ q ]- [ p ∧ ~e ∧ q ]
=[ ~p ∨ q ]- [ F ∧ q ]
=[ ~p ∨ q ]- F
=[ ~p ∨ q ] ∩ d
= ~p ∨ q
= o
∨ o
′∨ ∨
= ∧ ∨ ∨
= [ ∨ ∧ ]∨
= ∨ -------morgan
G = ∆ ∆ ∩ −−−−−− d
b ∩ = ∆ G
∆ G =
=[ G G ]−[ ∩ G ]
=[ G G ]−
= [ G ]−
= G ∩ o
= o
∧ ∨
= o
∧
= ′∩
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
A∩ = ∆ G −−−−−−− X
c A ∩B= G − ∆
G − ∆ =
= G −[ G − ∩ ]
= G ∩[ G − ∩ ]′
= G ∩[ G ∩ ∩ ′]′
= G ∩[ G ′G ∩ ]
= G ∩ ∩ − − − −cM^p('
=[ ∩ G ]∩ -------morgan
= ∩
A ∩B= G − ∆ −−−−−−− d
52
a [ A∩ G0′]′G G0
[ A∩ G0′]′G G0 =
=[ ∩ o
∩ 0 o o ]G G0
=[ ∩ o
∩ 0]G G0
=[ o
G ′ ∩ 0]G G0
= [0G[0 ∩ o
G o ]G − −AM'c\](]CK(
= 0G − − − − − cM^p('
= G0
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
[ A∩ G0′]′G G0 = BUC
b {[CU B-A’ ] ∩ [ − 0G o
]′}G
{[CU B-A’ ] ∩ [ − 0G o
]′}G =
o o]
= {[0G ∩ ∩ [ ∩ 0G ]′}G
o o]
= {[0G ∩ ∩ [ o G 0G ′]}G
o o]
= {[0G ∩ ∩ [ o G 0G ′]}G
= {[0G ∩ ] ∩ [ o G 0G ′]}G
= {[0G ∩ ] ∩ [ oG o
∩ 0 o ]}G
= [ G[0G ∩ ]] ∩ [ G[ o G o
∩ 0 o ]]
= [ G[0G ∩ ]] ∩ [ G o
G o
∩ 0 o ]]
= [ G[0G ∩ ]] ∩ [dG o
∩ 0 o ]]
= [ G[0G ∩ ]] ∩ d
= G[0G ∩ ]
=[ G ∩ ]G0
= G0 − − − − − cM^p('
{[CU B-A’ ] ∩ [ − 0G o
]′}G = BUC
53
⊂ → ∩ = ; AU B=B
De: ∩ {[ G ∩ 0∩ o ]G o
G o}
=
= ∩ {[{ ∩ ′ ∩ 0]G o
G o}
= ∩ {[ ∩ o
∩ 0]G ∩ ′}
= ∩ {[ X ∩ 0 ]G ∩ ′}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= ∩ [XG ∩ o
]
=A∩ ∩ ′
= ∩ o
− − − − − −\Z('fM g( ℎCeé]YZCZ
= ∅
54
[ AUB - C-A ] ∩ [ ∩ − ∩0 ]=
=[ G ∩ 0− o]
∩[ ∩ ∩ ∩ 0 o]
=[ G ∩ 0 ∩ ′ o] ∩ [ ∩ ∩ o
G0 o ]
=[ G ∩ 0oG ]∩[ ∩ ∩ o
G0 o ]
=[ G ∩ 0o ] ∩ [ o
∩ ∩ G[ ∩ ∩ 0o] ]
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
=[ G ∩ 0 o ] ∩ [[ o
∩ ∩ ]G[ ∩ ∩ 0o] ]
=[ G ∩ 0 o ] ∩ [[X ∩ ]G[ ∩ ∩ 0 o] ]
=[ G ∩ 0 o ] ∩ [[X ∩ ]G[ ∩ ∩ 0 o] ]
=[ G ∩ 0 o ] ∩ [[XG[ ∩ ∩ 0 o] ]
=[ G ∩ 0o ] ∩ [ ∩ ∩ 0o ]
={ ∩[ G ∩ 0 o ]} ∩ ∩ 0′
= ∩ ∩ 0′
56)
⊂ 0∩ =∅
⊂ → ∩ =
0= o
; C’= A
{[ G −0 ]∩[ G 0− ]}G{ − ∆ 0}=
= {[ G ∩ 0′ ] ∩ [ G ′ ∩ ′ ]}G{ ∩ ′ ∆ 0}
= {[ G ∩ ]∩[ G ′ ]}G{ ∩ ′ ∆ 0}
= {[ G ] ∩ [ G ′]}G{ ∩ ′ ∆ 0}
= {[ ∩ o
G ]}G{ ∩ ′ ∆ 0}
= {[ ∩ ]}G{ ∩ ′ ∆ 0}-------morgan
= ∩ G{ ∩ o ∆ ′} ; A’= C
= ∩ G {[ ∩ o
G o] − [ ∩ o ∩ o }
= ∩ G {[ ∩ o
G o ] − [ ∩ o ∩ o ]}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= ∩ G {[ ′G ′] − [ X ∩ o
]}
= ∩ G {[ o G o ] − X}
= ∩ G {[ o G o ] ∩ X′}
= ∩ G {[ o G o]
∩ d}
= ∩ G o
G o
= ∩ G A∩ ′
= A’ U A∩
= A’ U B
= 0G
= G0
57
S={ − − ]o ∩ [ o ∆ − ]
B=[ − G − ]G[ G ∆ ]
De: S = { − − ]o ∩ [ o ∆ − ]
S = [A∩ − ′]′ ∩ [ o ∆ ∩ o ]
S = [A∩ ∩ ′ ′]′ ∩ [ o ∆ ∩ o ]
S = [A∩ o
G ]′ ∩ [ o ∆ ∩ o ]
S = [A′G o
G ′] ∩ [ o ∆ ∩ o ]
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ] ∩ [ o∆ ∩ o ]
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ] ∩ {[ o G ∩ o ]−[ o
∩ ∩ o ]}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ] ∩ {[ o G ∩ o ]∩[ o
∩ ∩ o ]′}
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ] ∩ {[ o G ∩ o ]∩[ G ∩ o
′]}
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ] ∩ {[ o G ∩ o ]∩[ G ∩ o
′]}
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ] ∩ {´ ∩ [ o G ∩ o ]µG[ ∩ ∩
o o
[ ∩ o
G ′ ]}
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ] ∩ {[ ∩ ∩ o ]G[ ∩ o o
∩
[ ∩ o
G ′]}
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ] ∩ {[ ∩ ∩ o ]G[ ∩ o o
G ]}
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ]∩{ ∩ o o
G[ ∩ o
∩ ]G ′}
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ]∩{ ∩ o o
G G ′}
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ]∩{ ∩ o o
G d}
S = [A′G ∩ ′ ]∩d
R= A′G ∩ o
B = [ − G − ]G[ G ∆ ]
B =[ ∩ o G ∩ o ]G[ G ∆ ]
B =[ ′∩ G ]G [ G [ G − ∩ ]
B =[ ′∩ G ]G [ G [ G ∩ ∩ ′]
B=[ G o
∩[ G ]G ´[ o
∩ G ]G [ G
∩ o
G o
µ
B=[ G G ]G [ G ∩ [ oG o
G o
]
B= G[[ G ]G [ G ∩ [ oG o
G o
]
B= G G
De: SGB=
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= [A′G ∩ o
]U[ G G ]
= [ G[ o G ∩ o ]G G
= G ∩ o
G G ------morgan
=AU[ G ∩ o ]G ------morgan
= G G
58) Demostrar que:
⊂ → ∩ =
Se debe demostrar:
∩ ⊂
A⊂ ∩
i)
∩ ⊂
ii)
i)
Sea; ∈ ∩
∈ ∧ ∈
De la hipótesis: ⊂ ZY ]CY'Y: ∀ ∈ → ∈
De: ∈ ∧ ∈
e ∧ q → e − −](\]MgMpí(
P
∈
→ ∩ ⊂ -------*
ii) ⊂ ∩
Sea; ∈
De la hipótesis: ⊂ ZY ]CY'Y: ∀ ∈ → ∈
∈ ∧ ∈
→ ∈ ∩
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
⊂ ∩ − − − −– ∗
Por tanto: ⊂ → ∩ =
59) Simplificar:
(A-B)’-B’=?
(A-B)’-B’ = ∩ o
′− o
= ′G o
′ ∩ o o
= o
G ∩
= ∩ ∪ o
De: p∧ e ∨q = e
=
60) Demostrar:
−0 = ∅ ∧ ⊂ G0 → ⊂0
Si: −0 = ∅ → ∩ 0o = ∅
⊂ G0 ∶ ∀ ∈ → ∈ G0
De: ⊂0
∈
→ ∈ G0
→ ∈ ∨ ∈0 ∧d
→ ∈ ∨ ∈0 ∧ ∈0 ∨ ∉0
→ ∈0 ∨ ∈ ∧ ∉0
→ ∈0 ∨ ∈ −0
→ ∈ 0 ∨ ∅ − − − − − eM^ g( ℎCeó]YZCZ
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
→ ∈0
Por tanto: −0 = ∅ ∧ ⊂ G0 → ⊂0
61) Demostrar:
A U(A’∩ = G
Por propiedades de conjuntos:
A U(A’∩ = G ′ ∩ G
G o
=G
A U(A’∩ =G ∩ G
= G
62)
61) Demostrar:
A ∩(A’G = ∩
Por propiedades de conjuntos:
A ∩(A’G = ∩ ′ G ∩
∩ ′=∅
A ∩(A’G = ∅G ∩
= ∩
63)
Sea: ∈ o
∆ o
=
∈[ o
G o
− o
∩ o ]
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
→ ∈[ o
G o
∩ o
∩ o
′]
→ ∈[ o
G o
∧ o
∩ o
′]
→ ∈ o
G o
∧ ∈ o
∩ o o
→ ∈ o
G o
∧ ∈ G
→ ∈ ∩ ′ ∧ ∈ G
→ ∉ ∩ ∧ ∈ G
→ ∈ G ∧ ∉ ∩
→ G − ∩
→ ∆
(A’∆ ′ = ∆
64)
→ ∈0
Luego: B= 0 ∩ → ⊂0
b) Por elementos que: Si (A ⊂ 0 ∧ ⊂ → G ⊂ 0G
A⊂0 ∧ ⊂ → G ⊂ 0G
→ G ⊂ 0G
→ G
→ ∈ ∨ ∈
De la hipótesis se tiene:
A⊂0 ∶ ∀ ∈ → ∈0
B⊂ ∶ ∀ ∈ → ∈
→ ∈ ∨ ∈
→ ∈0 ∨ ∈
→ ∈ 0
→ ∈ 0G
Finalmente: A⊂0 ∧ ⊂ → G ⊂ 0G
65) Demostrar que:
A⊂ → − = ∅
Por demostrarse: i) − ⊂ ∅
ii.) ∅ ⊂ −
De: − ⊂ ∅
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
→ ∈ −
→ ∈ ∧ ∉
De la hipótesis: A ⊂ ; ∀ ∈ → ∈
→ ∈ ∧ ∉
→ ∧ ∉
→ ∅
Se tiene : − ⊂ ∅
ii.) ∅ ⊂ −
∅ ⊂ P ------siempre verdad
→ ∅ ⊂ −
∅ ⊂ −
Luego: A⊂ → − = ∅
66) Demostar que:
& ∩ = & ∩&
Por demostrar que:
& ∩ ⊂ & ∩&
& ∩& ⊂ & ∩
i)
ii)
De: & ∩ ⊂ & ∩&
‡∈& ∩
→ X⊂ ∩
→ X⊂ ∧ X⊂
→‡ ∈& ∧ ‡ ∈&
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
→‡ ∈[& ∧& ]
→‡ ∈[& ∩& ]
Luego: & ∩ ⊂ & ∩&
ii.) & ∩& ⊂ & ∩
→‡ ∈ [& ∩& ]
→ ‡∈& ∧ ‡ ∈&
→ X ⊂ ∧ X ⊂
→ X ⊂[ ∧ B]
→ X ⊂[ ∩ B]
→ X ∈& ∩
Finalmente: & ∩& ⊂ & ∩
Por tanto: & ∩ = & ∩&
66)
∈& ∩ G0 ] =
= ‡⊂[ ∩ G0]
=‡ ⊂ ∩ ∨‡ ⊂ 0
= ‡ ⊂0 ∨ ‡ ⊂ ∧
= ‡ ⊂ [0 ∨ ∧ ]
= ‡ ⊂[ 0 ∨ ∧ 0 ∨ ]
= ‡ ⊂ 0 ∨ ∧ ‡ ⊂ 0 ∨
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
=‡ ∈& G0 ∧‡ ∈& G0
=& G0 ∩ & G0
67)
b.) {[ − o
G o
− ]− }G{ −[ ∩ G G o
]} = ′
{[ − o
G o
− ]− }G{ −[ ∩ G G o
]} =
= {[ ∩ o o
G o
∩ o ] − } G{ ∩ [ ∩ G G o ]′}
= {[ ∩ o o
G o
∩ o ] ∩ ′} G{ ∩ [ ∩ G G o ]′}
= {[ ∩ o o
G o
∩ o ] ∩ ′} G{ ∩ [ ∩ o
∩ G ]}
= {[ o
G G o
∩ o ] ∩ ′} G{ ∩ [ o
G o
∩ G ]}
= {[ o G [ G o
∩ o
] ∩ ′} G{ ∩ [ o
G o
∩ G ]}
= {[ o G [ G o ]] ∩ ′} G{ ∩ [ o
G o
∩ G ]}
= {[ o G ] ∩ ′} G{ ∩ [ o
G o
∩ G ]}
= {[ o G ] ∩ ′} G{ ∩ [ G ∩ o
G o ]}
= {[ o G ] ∩ o }G{[
∩ G ] ∩ o
G o
}
= {[ o G ] ∩ o }G
[ ∩ o
G o
}
= {[ o G ] ∩ o }G
{ ∩ ′}
=[ o
∩ o
G ∩ o
]G { ∩ ′}
=[ o
∩ o
G X]G { ∩ ′}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= o
∩ o
G o
∩ }
= ′∩ G o
= o
∩d
= o
68)
a) ⊂ ↔ ∩ =
Por demostrar:
⊂ → ∩ =
∩ = → ⊂
i)
ii)
C ⊂ → ∩ =
C1 ∩ ⊂
C2 ⊂ ∩
De: ∩ ⊂
→ ∈ ∩
→ ∈ ∧ ∈
Si: ⊂ ∶
∀ ∈ → ∈
→ e ∧ q → e − − − ](\]MgMpí(
→e
→ ∈
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
Por tanto: ∩ ⊂
De: ⊂ ∩
→ ∈
De hipótesis:
⊂ ∶
∀ ∈ → ∈
→ ∈ ∧ ∈
→ ∈ ∧ ∈
→ ∈ ∧
→ ∈ ∩
Luego: ⊂ ∩
Se concluye que: ⊂ → ∩ = --------(1)
ii.) ∩ = → ⊂
De: ⊂
→ ∈
∩ =
→ ∈ ∩
→ ∈ ∧ ∈
De: e ∧ q → e − − − ](\]MgMpí(
→e
∈
por tanto: ⊂ ---------(2)
de (1) y (2) Se concluye que: ⊂ ↔ ∩ =
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
b) ⊂ ↔ G =
Por demostrar que:
⊂ → G =
G = → ⊂
i)
ii)
C ⊂ → G =
C1 G ⊂
C2 ⊂ G
De: G ⊂
→ ∈ G
→ ∈ ∨ ∈
Si: ⊂ ∶
∀ ∈ → ∈
→ ∈ ∨ ∈
→ ∈
Por tanto: G ⊂
ii.) G = → ⊂
De: ⊂
→ ∈
→ ∈ ∨ ∈
G =
→ ∈ G
∈
Se tiene entonces: G = → ⊂
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
Se concluye que: ⊂ ↔ G =
69)
a) ∩ G =
Por demostrar:
∩ G ⊂
⊂ ∩ G
i)
∈ ∩ G
ii)
i) Sea
→ ∈ ∧ ∈ G
→ ∈ ∧ ∈ ∨ ∈
→ ∈
Luego: ∩ G ⊂
ii) Sea ∈
→ ∈ ∧∈
→ ∈ ∧ ∈ ∨ ∈
→ ∈[ ∩ G ]
⊂ ∩ G
Por tanto: ∩ G =
b) G ∩ =
Por demostrar:
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
G ∩ ⊂
⊂ G ∩
iii)
∈ G ∩
iv)
iii) Sea
→ ∈ ∨ ∈ ∩
→ ∈ ∨ ∈ ∧ ∈
→ ∈ ∨ ∈
→ ∈
Luego: G ∩ ⊂
iv) Sea ∈
→ ∈ ∨ ∈
→ ∈ ∨ ∈ ∧ ∈
→ ∈ ∨ ∈ ∧ ∈
→ ∈ (A U(A∩
⊂ G ∩
Por tanto: G ∩ =
70)
− = ; − =
+ +' ∩ = 24
' ∩ = 24 − 10 + 6
' ∩ =8
' = + ' ∩ = 10 + 8
' = 18
' = + ' ∩ =6+8
' = 14
De: 5' − 4'
5' − 4' = 5 18 − 4 14
5' − 4' = 90 − 56
5' − 4' = 34
71)
=4 ; ' =3 ; ' ∩ =2
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
' ∩ 0 = 14
C+5=14 → A=9
' ∩ 0 = 12
5+b=12 → ) = 7
' ∩ ∩ 0o = (
(=3
Se tiene que C = 5+b+z+c
0 =5+7+€+9
= 21 − ( + 5 + A = 21 − 3 + 5 + 9
=4
= 17 − ( + 5 + ) = 17 − 3 + 5 + 7
=2
De: U= (x+y+z) +5+(a+b+c)+6
44 = 4 + 2 + € + 5 + 3 + 7 + 9 +6
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
44 = 6 + € + 5 + 19 + 6=36+z
€=8
' 0 = 5+7+€+9
' 0 = 21 + 8
' 0 = 21 + 8
' 0 = 29
73)
' G = 90
+ + 30 = 90
+ = 60
' = ' + 30 → ' = 90 − + 30
+ 30 = 90 − + 30
2 = 90
= 45
' = 45 + 30 = 75
+ = 60
= 60 − = 60 − 45
= 15
' = 15 + 30 = 45
De: n[(C-B) ∩ ]
Del gráfico se puede apreciar: n[(C-B) ∩ ]=x
n[(C-B) ∩ ] = 45
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
b) '[ G −' ∩ ]
G =
= '[ − 30]
=' − 30 = ' G − 30
= 90 − 30 = 60
A '[ 0 − G ∩ ]
=' 0− +' ∩ − '[ 0 − ∩ ∩ ]
= ' 0 −' ∩0 +' ∩ − '[ 0 − ∩ ∩ ]
= ' 0 −' +' ∩ − '[ 0 − ∩ ∩ ]
= 120 − 75 + 30 − '[ 0 − ∩ ∩ ]
= 120 − 75 + 30 − '[ 0 − ∩ ∩ ]
= 75 − '[ o
∩ ∩ ]
= 75 − '[ X ∩ ] = 75- n(∅
= 75 − 0
= 75
d.) '[ G − − ]
= ' G − '[ G ∩ − ]
= 90 − '[ G ∩ ∩ o ]
= 90 − '[ | ∩ G } ∩ o ]
= 90 − '[ ∩ o ]
= 90 − '[ ]
= 90 − 45
'[ G − − ] = 45
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
75)
= \+K+¸ ; = (+)+A
− = \+K+¸ − (+)+A
X+ + d = 50 + 32 + 23 = 105
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
G − 10 = 78 − 10 = 68
68 = \ + K + ¸ + ( + ) + A +6
62 = \ + K + ¸ + ( + ) + A
F+B+V= 137
137 − G = 58 − − − −Y YAYZM fY [\p(fM^YZ
58 = 2 10 + 15 + +€
+ € = 23
De:
15+y+z+x= por lo menos dos de los 3 deportes
= 15 + 23 + 10 = 48 ------b)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
79)
Se determina: U-14 = 86 %
QUMUL = 135%
135% − 86 % = 49 % − − − −Y AYZM
49 = 2 + \ + +€
\+ + € = 29%
10 + € = 256 YZ]\fC(']YZ
86 % = 22+11+10+(u+y+z)+c
A = 86 − 43 − 29
A = 14%
De: 50 = 10+y+z+c
40 = y+z+c ; 40 -14 = y+z
+ € = 26 %
\+ + € = 29%
\ = 29 − 26
\ =3%
Como: 55= 22+10+3+y
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= 20 %
\+ + € = 29%
23+z = 29
€ =6%
De: 10+z = 16%
16 % ---------------256 alumnos
100 % --------- U
G = 1600 YZ]\fC(']YZ
a) X = 10% (1600)
X= 160 estudiantes
b) Matemática básica o lengua pero no química—
)+€+A =
= 11 + 6 + 14
= 31%
= 0.31 1600
= 496 YZ]\fC(']YZ
80)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
' X ∩ U = 12% = 2 +
= 10 %
' X ∩ U = 32%= 2+y
= 30
; ' ƒ ∩ U = 22%=2+z
€ = 20%
M= a+20+2+30 = a+52
72=a+52
a= 20
F= b+30+2+10 = b+42
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
52=b+42
b= 10
C= c+20+2+10 = c+32
37=c+32
c= 5
a) Una sola carrera….
(+)+A =
( + ) + A = 20 + 10 + 5
= 35 %
b) otras carreras = w
¸ = XGƒGU o
XGƒGU = ( + ) + A + 62%
= 35 + 62 = 97%
XGƒGU o
= 100 − 97 = 3%
81)
' ∩ ∩ 0 = 35
' ∩ = 85 = + 35
= 50
' ∩ 0 = 70 = 35 + €
€ = 35
' ∩ 0 = 50 = + 35
= 15
( = 155 − 15 + 35 + 50
( = 155-100=55
) = 170 − 50 + 35 + 35
) = 50
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
A = 110 − 35 + 35 + 15
A = 25
a) inscritos en curso A pero no en C
a+50 = 55+50
= 105
b) ninguno de los 3 cursos
W = U- (a+b+c)-(50+35+35+15)
» = 300 − 55 + 50 + 25 − 135
» = 300 − 130 − 135
» = 35
82)
' X∩ o
∩ ¼ o = 50 ; ' ∩ X o ∩ ¼ o = 30
' X∩ ∩¼ =
F= 50+4x+2y
82= 50+4x+2y ; 32 = 4x+2y
16 = 2 + -------(1)
B= 30+4x+y
54= 30+4x+y ; 24 = 4x+y
24 = 4 + -------(2)
2 + = 16
?
4 + = 24
2 =8 ; =4
=8
De: 150- a = 80-(4x+3y+a)
150 − ( = 80 + 16 + 24 + (
2( = 150 − 120
a= 15
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
' ∩ ∩0 = ' ∩0
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
' ∩ ∩0 =
Del gráfico se obtiene:
400-40= 4x+2x+x+x+5x+2x+3x
360 = 18x
x= 20
a) Amas de casa que consumen un solo producto:
4x+5x+3x=
= 12
= 12 20
= 240 (c(Z fY A(Z(
b) Y =Amas de casa que consumen al menos 2 productos:
= +2 +2 +
=6
= 120 (c(Z fY A(Z(
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
84)
’
Del diagrama de Venn, se obtiene:
I= 3x+3y+3z → 60 = 3 + +€
+ + € = 20
A= 2x+y+4z → 48 = 2 + + 4€
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
F= x+3y+z → 28 = +3 +€
Resolviendo las tres ecuaciones, se obtiene:
+ + € = 20
F2 + + 4€ = 48
+ 3 + € = 28
x= 10 ; y= 4 ; z =6
a) Cuántas personas estudian un solo idioma
\ =3 +2 +
\ = 6 = 6 10
\ = 60 eY^ZM'(Z
b) Cuantas personas estudian solo dos idiomas
¸ = 3€ + € + 2 = 4€ + 2
¸ =4 6 +2 4
¸ = 32 eY^ZM'(Z
85)
= ∗ 100 = 50 %
a
7a
86)
A= unitario
= {5 + 3 + 5, 2 + 7 + 12}
5 + 3 + 5 = 2 + 7 + 12
3 − 4 = 7 --------(1)
Multiplicando (1) por 3:
3 3 −4 = 21
9 − 12 = 21
88)
= {4,5,7,9,11,16} ; = {7,8,9,10}
0 = {7,9,16}
a) ∅ ⊂ A
∅ ⊂ A ---------(F)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
b) B ⊂ A
∀ ∈ → ∈
10 ∉
B ⊂ A ------------------(F)
c) C ⊂ A
∀ ∈0 → ∈
7,9, 16 ∈
C ⊂ A ------------------(V)
d) ' ∩0 =2
∩ 0 = { 7,9}
' ∩0 =2 =4
' ∩0 = 2−−−−−− X
Sola la afirmación II es correcta
89)
a) {2,5,3} = {3,5,2}
La afirmación es verdadera------Ay B tienen los
mismos elementos
b) {4} ∈ {{4},5}
Se tiene que: {4} ∈ {{4},5}
{4} ∈ {{4},5} -------------------(V)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
∅ ∉ {3, {4}, 2}
se aprecia que:
∅ ∈ {3, {4}, 2} − − − − − − X
e) ∅ ⊂ {3, {4}, 2}
El conjunto potencia de {3,{4},2}----contiene al
conjunto vacio.
∅ ⊂ {3, {4}, 2} − − − − − − − d
f − − − −YZ i(gZ(
90)
A={( + 1, 3( − 1} ; = {3 + , − + 8}
− − − \'C](^CMZ
( + 1 = 3( − 1
De:
( − 3( + 2 = 0
(− 2 (−1 =0
(=2 ó (=1
3 + = − +8
2 +2 =8
+ =4
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
=4+2
x+y+a =
=6
a= 1
=4+1
x+y+a =
=5
La respuesta es c)
91)
= {1,1, {1}, ∅}
Los elementos de A son:
= {1, {1}, ∅}
'[& ]= 2 =8
93)
94)
' = 2
Por tanto:
' ∩ +1=' −−−−− d
V) A⊂
∀ ∈ → ∈
( ∉
A⊂ −−−−−−− X
Rpta) (c)
95)
= { / x∈ ;2 < < 9}
B = {2 / x∈ ;1 < < 6}
Se tiene que:
= {3,4,5,6,7,8} ; = {4,6,8,10}
∩ = { 4,6,8 ; ' ∩ =3
G = { 3,4,5,6,7,8,10}
' G =7
BY A(gA\g(: ' ∩ +' G
' ∩ +' G = 10
96
Se tiene:
6 = 2.3
2.3 = 2 (3 ) --------N. Divisores pares= (1+1) =2
= {2,6}
= { 2, 4,6,8,10, − − − − −−}
0 = { 2}
' =2; ' ∩ =2 ; ' 0 =1
Se calcula: ' ∗' ∩ +' 0
' ∗' ∩ +' 0 =2∗2+1
' ∗' ∩ + ' 0 = 5\
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
97)
= {2,6}
98
# ∆ =' G −' ∩
10 = ' G −8
' G = 18
' G = 18
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
'[& G ]= 2 :
99
⊂ ; ' −0 =' 0− =3
' Â
∩ = 15 ; ' G G0 = 25
⊂ → G =
' G G0 = ' G0 = 25
25 = 15 − + +3+ +3
10 = +6
=4
' ∩ ∩0 =' ∩0 =
' ∩ ∩0 = 4
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
100
ƒ={ ∈ / − 5 + 6 = 0}
={ ∈ / + − 6 = 0}
'[ ƒG G ƒ∩ ]=?
De: −5 +6=0
− 3 − 2 =0
ƒ = { 2,3}
+ −6=0
+ 3 − 2 =0
= {−3, 2}
Se tiene que: ƒG = {−3,2,3}
ƒ∩ = {2}
ƒG G ƒ∩ = {−3,2,3}
'[ ƒG G ƒ∩ ]= 3
101
={ / 20 ≤ < 100, ∈ }
n6
7
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
={ ∈ / 5< ≤ 10}
n6 6
'[& ∩ ] =?
De: 20 ≤ < 100
Resolviendo la desigualdad:
20 ≤ ∧ < 100
20 − ≤0 ∧ − 100 < 0
|√20 − }|√20 + } ∧ − 10 + 10
 ]G
[ Â
∩ Â
∩ − ∆ =?
Â
= o
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
[ Â
∩ Â
∩ − Â ]G ∆ =
= [ A’ ’U A’ ∩ ∩ o
′ ]G ∆
=[ G o
∩ ∩ ]G[ − G − ]
= d ∩ ∩ ]G[ ∩ o
G ∩ o ]
= ∩ U[ ∩ o
G ∩ o ]
=[ ∩ G G o
]G ∩ o
=[ ∩ G o ]G o
∩
= ∩d G o
∩
= G o
∩ − − − − − −cM^p('
= G
103
{[ A∆ ∩ − ] ∩ }− ′∩ ′
= {[[ − G − ]∩ ∩ o
]∩ }− ′∩ ′
= {[ ∩ o
G ∩ o ]∩ ∩ o
]∩ }− ′∩ ′
= {[ ∩ o
∩[ ∩ o
∪ ∩ o
]] ∩ } − ′∩ ′
={ ∩ o
∩ }− ′∩ ′
={ ∩ ∩ ′} − ′∩ ′
= ∩ o
− ′∩ ′
= ∩ o
∩ ′∩ ′ ′
= ∩ o
∩ G
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= ∩[ o
∩ G ]
= ∩ B’∩A
= ∩A ∩ B’
= ∩ ′
= −
104
[ ′∩ ′G ∩ ′ ′]′∆ =
= [ AUB’ U A’UB ]’∆
=[ G ′ o∩ o
G o ]∆
=[ o
∩ ∩ ∩ ′ ]∆
=[ ∩ o
∩ ∩ o ]∆
= [ X ∩ X ]∆
= X∆
= X− G −X
= X∩ o
G ∩ Xo
= |X G ∩d }
= XG
=A
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
105
=8+6+5+)
28 = 19 + ) ; )=9
0 =1+6+5+A
19 = 12 + A ; A=7
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
De: ' ∩ 0 o = 12
12 = 8 + (
(=4
'[ G0 ∩ o]
=(+ +A
'[ G0 ∩ o]
=4+1+7
'[ G0 ∩ o]
= 12
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
106
[ B’UA UB]’U { ∩ [ o
− 0 o o ∩ ]} =
=[ B’UA ’∩ o
] G{ ∩ [ o
∩ 0′ ′]′ ∩ ]}
=[ ∩ o
∩ o ]G
{ ∩[ o
∩ 0 ′] ∩ ]}
=[ ∩ o
∩ o ]G
{ ∩[ G 0 o ∩ ]}
=[ ∩ o
∩ o ]G
{ ∩ }
=[ ∩ o
∩ o ]G
=[A’∩ ∩ o
]G
=[A’∩ X ]G
=FG
=
107
={ ∈ / ~[ ≤ −2 ∨ > 3]}
~[ ≤ −2 ∨ > 3]
~ ≤ −2 ∧ ~ >3
> −2 ∧ ≤3
∈ ] − 2, 3]
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= { −1,0,1,2,3}
={ ∈ / ~ −1 < ≤3 → = 5}
~ −1 < ≤3 → =5
~ ~ −1 < ≤3 ∨ =5
−1 < ≤3 ∨ =5
∈ ] − 1, 3, ] ∨ =5
= { 1,2,3,5}
0={ ∈ / < −2 ∨ ≥2 → > 1}
< −2 ∨ ≥2 → >1
~ < −2 ∨ ≥2 ∨ >1
~ < −2 ∧ ~ ≥2 ∨ >1
x ≥ −2 ∧ <2 ∨ >1
∈ [−2,2[ ∨ >1
∈ [−2, ∞ [
0 = {−2, −1, 0,1,2, − − − − −}
Se calcula: ∩0 ∆ ∩
∩ 0 = {1,2,3,5}
∩ = { 1,2,3}
∩0 ∆ ∩ =[ ∩0 − ∩ ]G[ ∩ −
∩0 ]
∩0 ∆ ∩ = {5} G ∅
∩0 ∆ ∩ = {5}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
108
={ ∈ / 3< ≤ 4}
= {4}
= { €/ € = ' , ' ∈ , ' ≤ 5}
= {1,4,9,16,25}
0={ ∈ / YZ fCKCZM^ fY 30}
0 = {1,2,3,5,6,10,15,30}
De: A∩ G ∩0 =
A∩ = {4}
∩ 0 = {1}
A∩ G ∩ 0 = {1,4}
S = 1+4=5
109
' G = 30 ; ' − = 12
' − = 10
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
' +' =?
0 = {2,3}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= − G0
={ ∈ / −2 − 5 + 6 = 0}
Factorizando: −2 −5 +6=0
+2 −4 +3 =0
+2 −3 −1 =0
= { 1, 3}
={ ∈ / 2 − 7 + 3 = 0}
2 −7 +3=0
= =
2± √74< 7 2±1
7
=6
+
=1
= {1,6}
De; = − G0
− = { 3}
= − G0 = {3}G {1,6}
= = {1,3,6}
P(D) = 23 = 8
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
111)
∩ = V{∅}W
(AUB) –(A∩ = {(, ∅, {{∅}}}
(AUB) –(A∩ = {(, ∅, {{∅}}} − − − d
' =3
II.) el número de elementos de P(A) es 8
n[P(A)] = 25 ’ = 2 = 8
& = { , ∅, {(}, {∅}, V{∅}W, {(, ∅}, V(, {∅}W, {∅, {∅}}
& = { , ∅, {{∅}}, {{{∅}}}}
P(A) ∩ & = {∅, V{∅}W}
Rpta) (a )
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
112)
Suma de: ∩ ∩ − G ∩ −
Se aprecia en el diagrama de Venn:
∩ ∩ − = ∅
G ∩ − = 6' + 1
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
Suma = 6' + 1
113)
' − −' − = 12
ƒ={ ∈ / ∈ ]8,17]}
ƒ = { 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17}
={ ∈ / ∈ [12,21[}
= {12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}
{[ BUA ∩ o
∩ 0 ] U A′} U B′ = ?
⊂ → G = G =
⊂ → o
⊂ ′
o
⊂ o
→ o
G o
= ′------ 1
{[ BUA ∩ o
∩ 0 o ] U A′} U B′ =
= { o G{[ BUA ∩ o
∩ 0 ]} U B′
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= [A’U{[ B ∩ o
∩ 0 ]}G ′
= [A’U{[ B ∩ o
∩ 0 ]}G ′
= [A’U{[ F ∩ 0 ]}G ′
= [A’U ∅]}G ′
= o
G ′
De 1 : = ′
116
={ ∈ / 3 < 25}
Se tiene:
ƒ = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
De: ={ ∈ / 5 > 20}
= { 5,6,7,8, − − − −}
∩ = {5,6,7,8}
S= 5+6+7+8
B = 11 + 15
B = 26
117)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
∈ ; 4< < 11
n
= {3, 4, 5}
' =3
Subconjuntos propios de A = 25 ’
−1
Subconjuntos propios de A = 2 − 1
Subconjuntos propios de A = 7
118)
=' G − '[ G ∩ ∩ ]
G ∩ ∩ = [ ∩ G ]∩
= ∩
' ∆ =' G −' ∩
' G =' +' −' ∩
= 6+3-2
' G =7
Se tiene que:
' ∆ = ' G −' ∩
' ∆ = 7−2=5
' & ∆ = ?
Se obtiene lo solicitado:
'|& ∆ } = 21 = 32
120)
G ∩ − =
' G =' +' −' ∩
= 18 + 20 − 4
= 34
G ∩ − = G −
= 34 − 20
= 14
121)
' G = 14 ; ' ∩ =6
' +' =?
De: ' G = ' +' −' ∩
' +' = ' G +' ∩
' +' = 14 + 6
' +' = 20
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
122)
'[& ∆ ]= 2
123)
= {2,3,4,5, − − − − −,50}
= { 2'/ ' ∈ , 1 < ' < 30}
= {4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20, − − −, 58}
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
Calcular: '[ G − ∩ ]
G = {2,3,4,5, − − − − −,50, 52,54,56,58}
∩ = { 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20, − − −,50}
G − ∩ =
2,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37,39,41,43,45,47,49,52
? Å
, 54, 56, 58}
'[ G − ∩ ] = 29
124)
# ƒ = 16 ; # = 64
Si: M= P(R)
16= 25 Æ
24 = 25 Æ
→ ' S =4
N= P(T)
64= 25 Ç
26 = 25 Ç
→ ' ¼ =6
Entonces: ' S + ' ¼ = 4+6
' S + ' ¼ = 10
125)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
[ ƒG ′G ƒ ∩ ’]’∩ ƒ =
= [ ƒo ∩ o
G ƒo G o ]o ∩ ƒ
= [ ƒo ∩ o o
∩ ƒo G o o]
∩ƒ
= [ ƒG ∩ ƒ∩ ]∩ƒ
= [ƒ ∩ ƒG ]∩ ]∩ƒ
= ƒ∩ ∩ ƒ − − − − − cM^p('
= ƒ∩ƒ ∩
=ƒ∩
126)
ƒ⊂ ⊂& → ƒ∩& =ƒ
ƒG G& = &
U⊂ƒ
# ƒ’∩ = 7 ; # U = 11 ; # = 15
#[& ∩ U ] = 32
#[& ƒ − U ∩ ] =?
Se conoce que: ƒ’∩ = −ƒ
# ƒ− =7
De: #[& ∩ U ] = 32
32 = 25 È∩É
21 = 25 È∩É
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
' ∩U =5
Además: ' GU = ' +' U −' ∩U
' GU = 15 + 11 − 5
' GU = 21
= 21 −15
=6
# ƒ− =# &− = 12
# ƒG G& = 25 ; #[& ƒ ∩ & & ] = 16
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
' ƒ∩& =4
Como:
# ƒG G& = ' +' ƒ +' & −' ƒ∩ −
' ƒ∩& −' &∩ +' &∩ƒ∩
25 = 12 + 12 + ' 0 − 0 − 4 − 0 − 0
25 = 20 + ' 0
' 0 =5
129)]
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
130)
' G = 15 ; #& ƒo ∩ o
=8
#& ƒ∆ = 128
#& ƒ ∩ =?
#& ƒo ∩ o
= 25 ÊË ∩ÈË
=8
2 = 25|Ê ∩È
Ë Ë}
' ƒo ∩ o
=3
#& ƒ∆ = 25 Ê∆È
= 128
22 = 25 Ê∆È
' ƒ∆ = 7 = x+y
De: ƒo ∩ o
= ƒG o
= u= 3
Se tiene que: 15-3 = (x+y+z)
+ + € = 12
7+z= 12
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
€=5=' ƒ∩
Por tanto : #& ƒ ∩ = 25 Ê∩È
#& ƒ ∩ = 21
#& ƒ ∩ = 32
131)
# ƒG = 16 ; # ƒ ∩ =7
# ƒ +3=#
# ƒG =# ƒ +# −# ƒ∩
16 = # ƒ + # ƒ + 3 − 7
2# ƒ = 20
# ƒ = 10
# = # ƒ + 3 = 13
Se calcula (N-M) =
' −ƒ =' −' ƒ∩ = 13 − 7
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
' −ƒ =6
Subconjuntos propios de N = 25 − 1
Subconjuntos propios de N = 2` − 1
Subconjuntos propios de N = 63
132)
' ƒ∩ =0 → ƒ∩ = ∅
# ƒ∩& =6
Se conoce que: #[&o G ƒ ∩ &o ] = 40
&o G ƒ ∩ &o = &o G &o ∩ ƒ = &o
&o =40
&o = G − &
40 = U-P
40 = G − 18
' G = 58
133)
# ƒo ∩ o
= # ƒG ′=90
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
135)
+ + € + 5 = 45
+ + € = 40 = G
'M e^(A]CA(' ([Yf^Y€ = ’
o
=G− ; = 45 − 15 = 30
'M e^(A]CA(' f(c(Z = ’
o
=G− ; = 45 − 25 = 20
' G =' +' −' ∩
40 = 30 + 20 − ' ∩
' ∩ = 50 − 40
' ∩ = € = 10
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
136)
' ∩ 0 = 20
137)
138)
U > 50
− < 60 → < 60
n
7 7
< 80
∈ G = ]50, 80[
El número de personas en el aula está entre:
∈ ]50,80[
El único divisor de 9 es: 72 y además es divisor de
4
→ ZY ^Y]C^(' 18 eY^ZM'(Z
y= mujeres
= = 8 c\[Y^YZ
2
4
varones = 72-8 = 64
139)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
Se tiene que”
135= 30+15+25+35+z+y
50 = z+x+y+15
+ + € = 35
135= 30+15+25+35+35-x
= 140 − 135
=5
140)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
Se tiene:
( = 36 − + +1
) = 34 − 1 + +€
A = 25 − 1 + +€
( + ) + A = 93 − 2 + +€
Además:
(+)+A+1+ + + € = 72
+ + € = 71 − ( + ) + A
De:
( + ) + A = 93 − 2 + +€
( + ) + A = 93 − 2|71 − ( + ) + A }
(a+b+c) = 49
2 + + € = 93 − ( + ) + A
2 + + € = 93 − 49
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
+ + € = 22 → 2 ]\^'MZ
141)
+ + + 3 ; + = + 100 + 10 = 180
n n
+ + = 70
4
2 + 3 + 9 = 140
14 = 140
= 10
Solo cantantes =x
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= 10
142)
G = 6 + 4 + 0 + 20 + 24 + 17 + €
100 = 71 + €
€ = 29
€ = 29
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
143)
' &0GB0G¼0 = 40 + 39 + 48
U-21= 100-21 = 79
48 = 2(10)+x+y+9
x+y = 19
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
€= + + 9 + 10
€ = 19 + 9 + 10
€ = 38 eY^ZM'(Z
144)
U= a+b+c+x+7-x+8-x+9-x
42 = ( + ) + A + 24 − 2
18 = ( + ) + A − 2
n(HUMUL)= 19+21+23
n(HUMUL)= 63
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
21 = 2x+7-x+8-x+9-x
21 = 24 −
=3
18 = ( + ) + A − 2
( + ) + A = 18 + 3 = 18 + 2 3
Z=a+b+c = 24
145)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
' G Xd ∩ G0 = ; n(NFV-UC)=3x
' G Xd = 5' G0
' G Xd G G0 =n(UNFV)+n(UC)-n(G Xd ∩ G0
' G Xd = 4
7
1
; n(UC)=
G=3 + +
7
1
7 7
1 1
72= 4x+ ; 72 =
= 15
=3 + =
7 4
1 1
= 15 = 57
4
1
146)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
= 30
€ = 30 + 20 + 25
€ = 75
147)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
(+)+ + +2+€ =9 +2
(+ +2+ + € + A = 11 +2
(+)+A+2+ + + € = 29 ------(4)
De (4): (+)+A+2+ + + € = 29
(+)+A+ + + € = 27
+ + € = 27 − ( + ) + A
(+)+ + +2+€ =9 +2
( + ) + 29 − ( − ) − A = 9 +2
29 − A = 9 + 2 -------(a)
(+ +2+ + € + A = 11 +2
( + A + 2 + 27 − ( − ) − A = 11 +2
29 − ) = 11 + 2 ---------(b)
29 − ( = 7 € + 2 ----------( c)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
87 –(a+b+c) = 9x+18+11y+22+7z+14
87 –27+x+y+z = 9x+18+11y+22+7z+14
60+x+y+z = 9x+18+11y+22+7z+14
46 = 8 + 10 + 6€ + 40
6 = 2 4 + 5 + 3€
4 + 5 + 3€ = 3
Como x,y,z ∈ 6
, se puede apreciar que se cumple para z=1 ,
y=0, x=0
De:
29 − A = 9 + 2 -------(a)
29 − A = 18
A = 11
De: 29 − ( = 7 € + 2 ; 29 − ( = 7 1 + 2
( = 8 − − − ZMgM (^C]cé]CA(
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
148)
' = 36 − 21 = 15
€ = 56 − 24
149)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
∩0 =0 → 0 ⊂
'| G − 0µ = 6' 0
o
∩ o
= G o
o]
' o
∩ o
= '[ G = 90
( + ) + A = 6' 0
0 o = 150 = 90 + ( + ) + A
( + ) + A = 60
60 = 6' 0 ; ' 0 = 10
U= 10+a+b+c+90 = 10+60+90
' G = 160
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
150)
U =120
28 = 3 +
=7
Casaca =40
40 = + + 9 + 12
40 = 7 + + 21
= 12
= 12
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
151)
' Í = 73
' G = ' Í + 12 +
100 = 73 + 12 +
= 100 − 85
152)
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
' ƒ∩ ∩& o
= 135
= ' ƒ∩ −7=5
=' ∩ & − 7 = 12
€ =' ƒ∩& −7 = 8
(=' ƒ − + € + 7 = 40 − 20
( = 20%
)=' − + + 7 = 55 − 24
( = 31%
A =' & − €+ + 7 = 35 − 27
( = 8%
' ƒG G& = ( + ) + A + 7 + + +€
' ƒG G& = 20 + 31 + 8 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 12 %
De: U- u =91
\ = 100 − 91 = 9%
U ------------------ 100%
G= = 1500
aa∗ 1
4
153)
G−7=(+)+
(+)+ = 33
L+M= 18+25= 43
por tanto: 10 = x
= 10
154)
X+Y+Z+C+I = 120-(24+30+12+36)
X+Y+Z+C+I = 18
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
155)
(+)+A+ + + € + ¸ = 35
(+)+A =5
De: (+)+A+ + + € + ¸ = 35
+ + € + ¸ = 35 − 5
+ + € + ¸ = 30
66 = ( + ) + A + 3 + 2 + 2€ + 2¸
66 = 5 + 3 + 2 + 2€ + 2¸
3 + 2 + 2€ + 2¸ = 61
3 +2 + € + ¸ = 61
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
3 + 2 30 − = 61
3x +60-2x =61
= 1 ------prefieren 3 productos
156)
\ = 20 − 12 = 8 ; ¸ = 24 − 8 = 16
14 + = 29
= 15
Mujeres
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
22 = ‡ + = ‡ + 15
‡=7
157)
n(A∩ ′ ∩ X′ = 12 ; X ⊂ ; n(A∩ ∩ X ′ = 15
= 12 = n(A∩ ′ ∩ X′
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
52 = 12+y+15+z
55 = 15 + € + \
80 = 12 + + 15 + € + \
25 = + €
F 40 = € + \
53 = + € + \
= 13 ; € = 12; \ = 28
= 13
158)
n(H) = 30+21 = 51
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.
€ = 51 − 36 = 15
\ = 56 − 26
\ = 30
159)
De (1)+(2):
' X + ' Í = 60 − 22
' X + ' Í = 38
MATEMATICA BASICA Ing. Widmar Aguilar, Msc.