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GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PLANE AREAS*

Notation†

A ⫽ area Iy¿ ⫽ moment of inertia with respect to the y⬘ axis

y¿, z¿, ⫽ coordinates of centroid C Ip ⫽ Iy ⫹ Iz ⫽ polar moment of inertia about the centroid C
Iy, Iz ⫽ moments of inertia with respect to the y and z Iyz ⫽ product of inertia with respect to the y and z axes
axes, respectively
*Basic formulas for area properties may be found in Appendix C. †Note: The y and z axes are centroidal axes.
Rectangle Circle
z′ z b z pd 2
A ⫽ bh y¿ ⫽ A ⫽ pr 2 ⫽
y′ 2 d = 2r 4
3
h bh pr 4 pd 4
z¿ ⫽ Iy ⫽ r Iy ⫽ Iz ⫽ ⫽
2 12 4 64

C y hb3 C y Iyz ⫽ 0
h Iz ⫽ Iyz ⫽ 0
12 5pr 4 5pd 4
z′ 3 Iy¿ ⫽ ⫽
bh bh 2 4 64
Iy¿ ⫽ Ip ⫽ (b ⫹ h2)
3 12 y′ pr 4 pd 4
b y′ Ip ⫽ ⫽
2 32

Right Triangle Circular Ring (tⲐr small)

z′ bh b z A ⫽ 2prt ⫽ pdt
A⫽ y¿ ⫽
y′ z 2 3 d = 2r pd3t
3 Iy ⫽ Iz ⫽ pr3t ⫽
h bh 8
z¿ ⫽ Iy ⫽
3 36 r Iyz ⫽ 0
3 2 2
hb bh C pd 3t
h Iz ⫽ Iyz ⫽ ⫺ y
Ip ⫽ 2pr 3t ⫽
36 72 4
C y bh3 bh 2
z′ Iy¿ ⫽ Ip ⫽ (b ⫹ h2)
12 36 t
b y′

Triangle Semicircle
z′ z z, z′
c bh b⫹c pr2 4r
A⫽ y¿ ⫽ A⫽ z¿ ⫽
y′ 2 3 2 3p
h bh3 (9p2 ⫺ 64)r4
z¿ ⫽ Iy ⫽ Iy ⫽
3 36 72p
h r C
bh 2 z′ y pr4
C y Iz ⫽ (b ⫺ bc ⫹ c2) Iz ⫽ Iyz ⫽ 0
z′ 36 y′ 8
y′ bh2 pr4
b Iyz ⫽ ⫺ (b ⫺ 2c) Iy¿ ⫽
72 8
bh3
Iy¿ ⫽
12
bh 2
Ip ⫽ (h ⫹ b2 ⫺ bc ⫹ c2)
36
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GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PLANE AREAS* (Continued )

Quartercircle Parabolic Semisegment
z′ z 2 z′ z y¿ 2
z¿ ⫽ f(y¿) ⫽ h a1 ⫺ b
pr 4r
A⫽ y¿ ⫽ z¿ ⫽ y′
y′ 4 3p b2
(9p 2 ⫺ 64)r 4 z′ = f (y′)
2bh 3b
Iy ⫽ Iz ⫽ A⫽ y¿ ⫽
144p 3 8
h
C z′ y C y
pr4 r4 z′ 2h 16bh3
O y′ Iy¿ ⫽ Iy¿ ⫽ Iy¿z¿ ⫽ z¿ ⫽ Iy¿ ⫽
r 16 8 5 105
O b y′
2hb3 b2h2
Iz¿ ⫽ Iy¿z¿ ⫽
15 12

Circular Sector (␣ ⴝ angle in radians: ␣ ⱕ ␲Ⲑ2) Parabolic Spandrel

z, z′ z′ z

y′
z′ = f (y′) h
C y
α α y C z′
z′ O
b y′
r
O y′
hy¿ 2
2r sin a z¿ ⫽ f(y¿) ⫽
A ⫽ ar 2 y¿ ⫽ 0 z¿ ⫽ b2
3a
bh 3b 3h
r4 A⫽ y¿ ⫽ z¿ ⫽
Iy¿ ⫽ (a ⫹ sin a cos a) Iy¿z¿ ⫽ 0 3 4 10
4
bh3 hb3 b2h2
r4 ar 4 Iy¿ ⫽ Iz¿ ⫽ Iy¿z¿ ⫽
Iz¿ ⫽ (a ⫺ sin a cos a) (Ip)O ⫽ 21 5 12
4 2

Ellipse Sine Wave (1Ⲑ2 cycle)

z z, z′

h
b
C z′ y
C y y′
b b
b
4bh ph
A⫽ y¿ ⫽ 0 z¿ ⫽
p 8
a a
Iy ⫽ a ⫺ b bh3
8 p
pab3 pba3
A ⫽ pab Iy ⫽ Iz ⫽ 9p 16
4 4
Iz ⫽ a ⫺ 3 b hb3
4 32
pab 2
Iyz ⫽ 0 Ip ⫽ (a ⫹ b2) p p
4
8bh3
Circumf. ⬇ 4.17b2 Ⲑa ⫹ 4a 0 ⱕ b ⱕ aⲐ3 Iyz ⫽ 0 Iy¿ ⫽
9p
⬇ p [1.5(a ⫹ b) ⫺ 2ab] aⲐ3 ⱕ b ⱕ a