a.

Filtro análogo pasa banda de 2orden activo

Ilustración 1: Circuito filtro pasa banda activo de 2do

orden
Hallando la función de
transferencia

I 1=I 2+ I 3+ I 4 (0)
V 1 Vx Vx Vx Vx Vo
= + + + − (0)
R 1 R 1 R3 ZC 1 ZC 2 ZC 2
Vx R 2 Vo ZC 1
+ =0 (0)
ZC 1+ R 2 ZC 1+ R 2
Vx R 2 −Vo ZC 1
= (0)
ZC 1+ R 2 ZC 1+ R 2
−Vo ZC 1 (0)
Vx=
R2
Remplazando Vx en la ecuación (2)
V 1 −Vo ZC 1 Vo ZC 1 Vo Vo ZC 1 Vo
= − − − − (0)
R1 R1 R2 R 2 R 3 R 2 R 2 ZC 2 ZC 2
V1 ZC 1 ZC 1 1 ZC 1 1
R1
=−Vo ( + + +
R 1 R 2 R 2 R 3 R 2 R 2 ZC 2 ZC 2
+ ) (0)

V1 R 1 ZC 1 R1 ZC 1 R 1 ZC 1 R1
Vo
=− (R1 R2
+ + +
R 2 R 3 R 2 R 2 ZC 2 ZC 2
+ ) (0)

V1 ZC 1 R 1 ZC 1 R 1 ZC 1 R1
Vo
=− (
R2
+ + +
R 2 R 3 R 2 R 2 ZC 2 ZC 2
+ ) (0)

V1 R 3 ZC 1 ZC 2+ R 1 ZC 1 ZC 2+ R 1 R 3 ZC 2+ R 1 R 3 ZC 1+ R 1 R 2 R 3
Vo
=− ( R 2 R 3 ZC 2 ) (0)

Vo R 2 R 3 ZC 2
V1
=− (
R 3 ZC 1 ZC 2+ R 1 ZC 1 ZC 2+ R 1 R 3 ZC 2+ R 1 R 3 ZC 1+ R 1 R 2 R 3 ) (0)
 R2R3
Vo
V1
=−
( R3
+ 2
R1
+
SC 2
R1 R3 R1R3
S C 1C 2 S C 1C 2 S C 2
2

R2 R3
+
SC 1
+ R 1 R 2 R3 ) (0)

Vo
V1

Vo
=−
( SC2
R 3+ R 1+ R 1 R 3 C 1 S+ R 1 R 3 C 2 S+ R 1 R 2 R 3 C 1 C 2 S 2
S2 C 1 C 2
R 2 R3 C 1 S
) (0)

V1
=−
(
R 3+ R 1+ R 1 R 3 C 1 S+ R 1 R 3 C 2 S + R 1 R 2 R3 C 1 C 2 S 2 ) (0)

1
S
Vo
V1
=−
(
R1R3
R1C2
+
1
R 1 R 2 R 3C 1C 2 R 2 C 2
S+
1
R2C1
S + S2) (0)

Nuestra función de transferencia es:

1 (0)
S
V 0 (S )
V 1 (S)
=−
( (
S2+
1
+
1
R 1C 2

R 2C 2 R 2C 1 )
S+
R1R3
R1R2R3C1C2
)
Transformada bilineal
2 z −1
s= ( )
T s z+1
(0)

1 2 z−1
U 0 (Z)
= 2
−
[ ( )]
R 1C 2 T s z +1
(0)
U 1 (Z ) 2 z−1 1 1 2 z −1 R1 R3
[ ( )] (
T s z+ 1
+ +
R 2 C 2 R 2C 1 T s z+1
+ )[ ( )]
R1 R2R3C1C2
1 2

−
( R1C2 Ts )( )
(Z−1)

U 0 (Z) ( Z+ 1)
= (0)
2
U 1 (Z ) 2
( )
Ts
(Z −1)2
¿
¿¿
 1 2

−
( )
R1C2 (T )
( Z−1)
s

U 0 (Z) ( Z+ 1) (0)
= 2
U 1 (Z ) 2 R 2C 1+ R 2 C 2 2
( )
Ts
2
( Z−1 ) ( Z +1 )+
(
R 22 C 1C 2 )( )Ts
(Z−1)¿ ¿ ¿

U 0 (Z) 1 2
U 1 (Z )
=− (
R1C2 Ts )( )
(Z−1)¿ ¿
(0)

U0 (Z )
=
− ( R 11C 2 )( T2 ) z +( R 1C1 2 )( T4 ) z −( R 11C 2 )( T4 ) z−( R 1C1 2 )( T2 )
s
4

s
3

s s
4 3 4 3
U1( Z ) 4 4 8 4 2 z + 2 z −2 z−1 2 z +2 z −2 z−1
Ts 2
( ) ( ) ( )( )
z − 2 z2 + 2 +
Ts Ts Ts R 2C 2
+
Ts R 2C 1 (0) ( )
+R 1R 3 4 4 R1 R3 3 6 R1R3 2 4 R1R3 R1 R3
z + z+ z + z+
R 1 R 2 R3 C 1 C 2 R 1 R 2 R 3 C 1C 2 R 1 R 2 R3 C 1 C 2 R1 R2R3C1C2 R1 R2R3C1C

U0 (Z )
=
− ( R 11C 2 )( T2 ) z +( R 1C1 2 )( T4 ) z −( R 11C 2 )( T4 ) z−( R 1C1 2 )( T2 )
s
4

s
3

s s

U1( Z ) 2 2
( T4 ) + ( T4 ) + ]
[( 4
T s2 )
+
( T ) +
s
( T )
+
s R1 R 3
R 2 C 2 R 2C 1 R1 R 2 R 3 C 1 C 2
z4 +
s s
][ 4 R1R3
R 2 C 2 R 2 C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3C 1 C 2
z3

8 6R1 R3
[ −( T4 ) − ( T4 ) + 4 R1R3
] ¿
(0)

[( )
+− 2 +
Ts R1 R2R3C1C2
z2 +
s

R 2C 2 ] s

R 2C 1 R1 R 2 R 3 C 1 C 2
z

4 2 1 2 1 R 1 R3
+
[( ) (
Ts 2
−
) −
( )
+
T s R 2 C 2 T s R 2 C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3 C 1C 2
¿
]
 U 0 (Z)
=
− ( R 11C 2 )( T2 ) z +( R 1C1 2 )( T4 ) z −( R 11C 2 )( T4 ) z−( R 11C 2 )( T2 )
s
4

s
3

s s

U 1 (Z ) 2 2
( T4 ) + ( T4 ) +
[( 4
T s2 ) +
( T )s
+
( T )
R1R3
+
R2C2 R2C1 R1R2R3C1C2
s
z4 +
s s 4 R1 R3
][
R 2 C 2 R 2 C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3C 1C 2

4
z3

4
]
8
[( )
+− 2 +
Ts
6 R1R3
R1R2R3C1C2
z2 + − + [
4 R1R3
]
− ( ) ( )
Ts
R 2C 2 R 2 C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3 C 1 C 2
z
Ts
] ¿
(0)

4 2 1 2 1 R1 R3
+
[( ) (
Ts 2
−
) −
( )+
T s R 2C 2 T s R 2C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3 C 1 C 2
¿
]
U 0 (Z) − A0 z 4 + A1 z 3−A 2 z−A 3
= (0)
U 1 (Z ) b0 z 4 +b1 z3 +b 2 z 2 +b3 z+ b4

Constantes:

( R 1C1 2 )( T2 )
A0 =
s
b=
( 4
T )
+
(s
4
T )
+
s 4 R1R3
1
1 4 R 2 C 2 R 2C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3 C 1 C 2
A =( )
1
R1 C 2 ( T ) 8 6R1 R3

A =(
1 4
s
Ts( )
b 2=− 2 +
R1 R2R3C1C2
2 )
R1 C 2 ( T ) 4 4

A =(
1 2
s
−( )− ( ) +
Ts Ts
4 R1 R3
3 )
R 1C 2 T )( s
b 3=
R 2 C 2 R 2 C 1 R 1 R2 R 3 C 1C 2
2 2 4 2 1 2 1 R1R3
4 ( T ) ( T )s R1R3s
b 4= 2 −
Ts ( )( ) − ( )
+
T s R 2 C 2 T s R 2 C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3C 1C 2
( )
b 0= 2
Ts
+ + +
R 2 C 2 R 2 C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3C 1C 2

Transformación del plano Z al plano TK

− A 0 z 4 + A 1 z 3− A2 z− A3 1
∗
U 0 (Z ) b0 z 4 +b1 z 3+ b2 z 2 +b 3 z +b 4 z 4 (0)
G ( z) = =
U 1(Z ) 1
z4
U o ( z ) [ −b0−b1 z −1 −b2 z −2−b3 z−3−b 4 z−4 ]= [ A 0 + A1 z−1−A 2 z −3− A3 z−4 ] U 1 ( z ) (0)
 A 0 U 1( z ) A1 z−1 U 1 ( z ) A2 z−3 U 1 ( z ) A3 z−4 U 1 ( z ) b1 z −1 U 0 ( z ) b2 z −2 U 0 ( z ) b3 z −3 U 0 ( z ) b4 z−4 U 0 (
U 0 ( z )= + − − + + ( 0 )+ +
b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0
−1
Ẑ [TEOREMA DE CORREGIMIENTO]

(0)
A U ( k ) A U ( k−1 ) A2 U 1 ( k−3 ) A3 U 1 ( k−4 ) b 1 U 0 ( k −1 ) b2 U 0 ( k−2 ) b3 U 0 ( k−3 ) b4 U 0 ( k−
U0 (k )= 0 1 + 1 1 − − + + + +
b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0
Dando valores a los componentes, tomando en cuenta que Q (0.75 y 0.5), las frecuencias de corte
(2.67KHz y 4KHz), C 1es de 1nF y con una ganancia de 2, calculamos:

Frecuencia central
(0)
f c =√ f 1∗f 2 =√2.67 x 103∗4 x 103 =3.268 KHz
Q 0.625
R 1= = =15.219 KΩ (0)
2 π f c A C 1 2 π∗3.268 x 103∗2∗1 x 10−9
1 1
R 3= = =38.960 KΩ (0)
4 π f c Q C 1 4 π∗3.268 x 103∗0.625∗1 x 10−9
Q2 Q 0.6252 0.625
R2=R 4= 2 ( Q +A
+1 ) = (
2 π f c C 1 0.625 +22
+1 )
2 π∗3.268 x 10 3∗1 x 10−9
=35.411 KΩ (0)

A 2
(
C 2= 2 +1 C1=
Q ) (
0.625 2 )
+1 1 x 10−9=6.12 nf (0)

La función de transferencia es:

V 0 (S ) 10736.49338 S (0)

V 1 (S)
=− 2
(
S +32855.08875 S+ 421646568.9 )
El circuito queda así:

Ilustración 2: Circuito del filtro activo pasa banda de 2do orden

 −A 0 U 1 (z) A 1 z−1 U 1 ( z ) A 2 z−3 U 1 ( z ) A 3 z −4 U 1 ( z ) b1 z−1 U 0 ( z ) b2 z−2 U 0 ( z ) b3 z−3 U 0 ( z ) b 4 z−4 U
U 0 ( z )= − − − + + + ( 0 )+
b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0
3
F s=5 f c =5∗3.268 x 10 =16.340 KHz (0)
1 1
T s= = =61.1995 x 10−6 sg (0)
F s 16.340 x 103
1 2
A0 = (
R 1C 2 T s )( ) =350868663.4 (0)

A1=( R11C 2 )( T4 )=701737326.9

s
(0)

1 4
A =( )
R1 C 2 T )
(
2 =701737326.9 (0)
s

1 2
A =( )
R 1C 2 ( T )
3 =350868663.4 (0)
s

2 2
4 ( T )s
( T ) s R1R3 (0)
b 0=
( )
T s2
+ + +
R 2 C 2 R 2 C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3C 1C 2
=2563318842

4 4

b=
( T ) +
( T )
s
+
4 R1R3
s
=18468317.46 x 106
(0)
1
R 2 C 2 R 2C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3 C 1 C 2
8 6R1 R3
( )
b 2=− 2 +
Ts R1 R2R3C1C2
=27683954.71 x 106 (0)

b 3=
−( T4 ) − ( T4 ) +
s 4 R1 R3 s
=18455318.27
(0)

R 2 C 2 R 2 C 1 R 1 R2 R 3 C 1C 2
4 2 1 2 1 R1R3
Ts( )( )
b 4= 2 − − + ( )
T s R 2 C 2 T s R 2 C 1 R 1 R 2 R 3C 1C 2
=4614325.24 x 106 (0)

Aplicando al algoritmo:

(0)
− A 0 U 1 ( k ) A 1 U 1 ( k −1 ) A 2 U 1 ( k −3 ) A 3 U 1 ( k −4 ) b1 U 0 ( k−1 ) b2 U 0 ( k −2 ) b 3 U 0 ( k −3 ) b 4 U 0 (k
U0 (k )= − − − + + + +
b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0 b0

U 0 ( k ) =−0.0139930 U 1 ( k )−0.2737612 U 1 ( k−1 )−0.2737612U 1 ( k−3 )−0.1368806 U 1 ( k−4 )+7204.8459

( 0 ) U0 (k −