1

REPUBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA

MINISTERIO POPULAR PARA LA DEFENSA
UNIVERSIDAD EXPERIMENTAL POLITECNICA DE LA FUERZA ARMADA NACIONAL BOLIVARIANA
MARACAY – ESTADO ARAGUA

ENGLISH GUIDE
UNIT I

COLLECTED AND CREATED BY PROF. WALQUIRIA CABEZA

UNIT I
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CONTENT OF THE UNIT

NOUNS
A noun names something: a person, place, or thing.
Nouns have these characteristics:
 They are abstract or concrete.
 They are proper or common.
 Most are singular or plural, but... 
 Some are collective.

Un sustantivo nombra algo: una persona, lugar o cosa. Los sustantivos tienen estas
características:

• Son abstractos u concretos.

• Son propios o comunes.

• La mayoría son singulares o plurales, pero ...

• Algunos son colectivos.

Every noun is either abstract or concrete.

Nouns like enthusiasm, willingness and angst are abstract nouns. Abstract nouns name things we
cannot see, touch, or detect readily through our senses. Abstract nouns name ideas
(existentialism, democracy), measurements (weight, percent), emotions (love, angst), or qualities
(responsibility). Concrete nouns, on the other hand, name persons, including animals (cousins, Roger
Rabbit), places (beach, Chico), or things we can see, touch, or otherwise detect through our senses
(smoke, wine, coffee).

Cada sustantivo es abstracto o concreto.

Los sustantivos como entusiasmo, disposición y angustia son sustantivos abstractos. Los
sustantivos abstractos nombran cosas que no podemos ver, tocar o detectar fácilmente a
través de nuestros sentidos. Los sustantivos abstractos nombran ideas (existencialismo,
democracia), medidas (peso, porcentaje), emociones (amor, angustia) o cualidades
(responsabilidad). Los sustantivos concretos, por otro lado, nombran personas, incluidos
animales (primos, Roger el conejo), lugares (playa, Chico) o cosas que podemos ver, tocar o
detectar de otra manera a través de nuestros sentidos (humo, vino, café).

Every noun is either proper or common.

A proper noun identifies a particular person, animal, place, thing, or idea--Roger Rabbit, Mary,
Venezuela… for example. The first letter of each word of a proper noun is capitalized. A common
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noun does not name a particular person or thing; rather, it refers to a whole class or type. Common
nouns do not require capitalization.

Cada sustantivo es propio o común.

Un nombre propio identifica a una persona, animal, lugar, cosa o idea en particular: Roger el
conejo, María, Venezuela... por ejemplo. La primera letra de cada palabra de un nombre propio
está en mayúscula. Un sustantivo común no nombra a una persona o cosa en particular; más
bien, se refiere a toda una clase o tipo. Los sustantivos comunes no requieren mayúsculas.
Proper noun (capitalized) common noun
Venezuela is a beautiful country It is my country
Sunny is my pet This is my dog
Mary is my friend She is my friend

Most nouns are either singular or plural...

Rules of the plural form
1- Most of the nouns need only an S to be in plural. Examples:
Device devices
Robot robots

2- If the noun end in “Y” and before it has a consonant, it changes by “ies”
City cities
Spy spices

3- If the noun end in “Y” and before it has a vowel, you must add an “S”
Boy boys
Toy toys

4- If the noun end in “-S, -SH, -CH, -X, -O, -SS, you must add “ES”
Watch watches Wish wiches
Bus busses (nota: se doble la S porque cuando una palabra tiene una vocal entre dos consonantes,
se dobla la ultima consonante)
Dress dressess….

5- If the noun end in –F, -FE, it changechanges by “ves”

Knife knives yourself yourselves

6- irregular noun plural

Man men woman women child children mouse mice ….

...but some nouns are collective.

A collective noun names a collection or group of things. Although a collective noun refers to a group
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of many things, it is usually singular in form. We think of a collective noun as singular because its
members act in one accord:
. pero algunos sustantivos son colectivos.
Un sustantivo colectivo nombra una colección o grupo de cosas. Aunque un sustantivo
colectivo se refiere a un grupo de muchas cosas, generalmente es de forma singular.
Pensamos en un sustantivo colectivo como singular porque sus miembros actúan de acuerdo
al grupo: army (armada: grupo de personas que realizan la misma acción), stadium (un lugar
que agrupa gran cantidad de personas para ver alguna actividad), glasses (lentes), jeans
(pantalones con dos partes destinadas a las piernas), knowledge (conocimiento), homework
(tareas), etc…

Teacher: Los sustantivos casi siempre van acompañados de otros elementos, como los
articulosartículos que a continuacioncontinuación se explican:

DEFINITIVE OR DETERMINATE ARTICLE “THE”

The definite article (the) means: el, la, los, las and it is used before a noun to indicate that the identity
of the noun is known to the reader. It indicates and specific thing or situation.

 You can’t use it in a general form or abstract nouns. Examples:

I eat cheese

Love is wonderful

 It can’t be used in month, days of the week, climate time, sport activities, … Examples:

I like football

I will be there on Monday

In December

On winter….

INDEFINITIVE OR INDETERMINATE ARTICLES “A, AN”

A is used before a CONSONANT SOUND in singular. Examples:

… A power machine

…A robot

…A university

…A European

… A unit

AN is used before a VOCAL SOUND in singular. Examples:

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…AN electronic device

… AN honest person

… AN honor

…AN hour ago…

PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVES PRONMOUNS

You can use them to substitute nouns. They are:

Personal POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE OBJECT REFLEXIVE

pronouns ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS PRONOUNS PRONOUNS

I MY MINE ME MYSELF

YOU YOUR YOURS YOU YOURSELF

HE HIS HIS HIM HIMSELF

SHE HER HERS HER HERSELF

IT ITS ITS IT ITSELF

WE OUR OURS US OUORSELVES

YOU YOUR YOURS YOU YOURSELVES

THEY THEIR THEIRS THEM THEMSELVES

Examples:

Personal pronouns Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns

Electronics Telecom engineer = HE/ SHE This is MY house This is MINE

Robot Computer = IT This is YOUR circuit table This is YOURS

Batteries = THEY

Engineers = THEY

Dogs = THEY

Peter and Paul = THEY

Peter and I = WE

You and peter = YOU

You and I = WE

Object pronouns
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Los pronombres objetos sustituyen a los objetos directos o indirectos de la oracionoración. Para
identificar el objeto directo preguntamos al verbo QUE O CUAL y para identificar el objeto indirecto es
QUIEN. EJEMPLO:

Omar bought a washing machine to Mary.

¿Que compró Omar? A washing machine

¿A quienquién le compro una lavadora? Mary

Entonces al sustituirlos por los pronombres objetos quedariaquedaría asi:

Omar bought IT to HER

Reflexive pronouns

Estos pronombres no son usualmente usados en español ya que implican una redundancia.

I fixed my phone by myself

He cut his finger by himself yesterday

DEMOSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

usos

1- Son usados para demostrar algo que esta cerca de la persona que habla.

Claves: here, forma progresiva o continua. Ejemplos:

These /diiis/ éstos, éstas (plural) these tables cards are mine

This /dis/ ésto, ésta (Singular) this phone is amazing

2- Estos son usados para demostrar algo que esta lejos de la persona que habla.

Claves. There, over there, past tense…

Those /dous/ esos esas aquellos aquellas (plural) those televisions were sale sold yesterday

That /dat/ eso esa aquel aquella (singular) that book is on the table

DEMOSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

Son los explicados anteriormente, lo unico es que cambian de posicion en la oracion por lo que
forman parete parte del sujeto de la misma. Ejemplo

This is my book

These are my phones

That is your radio

Those are my circuit table.

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EXERCISES UNIT I

NAMES AND LAST NAMES:______________________________________

SECTION:_______________________ DATE:________________________
PART I. TO CHOOSE THE CORRECT INDEFINITE ARTICLE (AN – A)

1. That is _A_ very high robot.

2. Paul is _an__ _ electrical engineer.
3. Mary is _an___ honest girl.
4. Those engineers were there _an__ hour ago.
5. I am going to be _an__ professional.
6. UNEFA is _a__ _ University.
7. It is __an_ honor to be your friend.

PART II. USE THE DETERMINATE ARTICLE ACCORDING WITH THE RULES ( SE USA SOLO SI
SEDETERMINA, ESPECIFICA O DA CARACTERISTICAS DE ALGO. NO SE USA CUANDO SE
GENERALIZA ALGO). WRITE AN “X” IN THOSE SENTENCES THAT DOESN’T NEED IT.

Those engineers were in _THE_ second floor. (ESPECIFICA EL SEGUNDO PISO)

1. I like to study _X__ electronic engineering.

2. They want to study_ __X__ engineering.
3. They use _the__ concreete to diagram that system.
4. __The__ special tool is used in that device.

PART IIIPART III. USE THE CORRECT PRONOUN (HE, SHE, IT, YOU, WE THEY)

1. The electrical system: IT_

2. Peter: __HE__
3. You and your friend: __YOU__
4. The English teacher and I: _WE___
5.  Transistores: __IT___
6. My mother: __SHE___.

PART IV.USE POSSESSIVE ADJETIVE (MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, ITS, OUR, THEIR) OR POSSESSIVE
PRONUON (MINE, YOURS, HIS, HERS, OURS, YOURS, THEIRS)

1. I have a device. This is MY_ device. This is MINE.

2. Mrs. García has beautiful electronics devices. That is __HER__ electronics devices. That is
_HERS___.
3. Those are Marcos’ tools. Those are __HIS__ tools. Those are __HIS__.
4. We make __OUR__ project. That project is _OURS___.
5. They build that machine. That is _THEIR___ machine project. That is _THEIRS____.
6. Electrical engineering is an important career. _ITS___ history is very interesting, too.
7. You and your family have a big tv. That is __YOUR___ tv. That is _YOURS___.
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PART V. USE THE OBJECT PRONOUNS (ME, YOU, HIM, HER, IT, US, YOU, THEM) AND REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS (MYSELF, YOURSELF, HIMSELF, HERSELF, ITSELF, OURSELVES, YOURSELES,
THEMSELVES)

1. I hurt __MYSELF__ when I was working with _THEM_ (tools)

2. You cut___YOURSELF_____ when you were cutting with _YOURSELVES____ (_ (knife).
3. Monica designs ____ HERSELF (kitchen areas) by HER ________ .
4. Electronics engineer makes a special job in that robot THEMSELVES________. I saw THEM ____
did it.
5. We saw ____ (Mary) for __________.
6. The cellphone has IT ____ (battery). It supports the cellphone ITSELF _______.
7. They fix IT ______ (light) t) _____________.

PART VI. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE DEMOSTRATIVE ADJETIVE WHICH BEST FIXES IN THE
SENTENCE: THIS- THESE- THAT- THOSE.

1. The tower silos are there. _THOSE_ Towers are big.

2. I am painting on __THIS__ wall now.
3. Paul put_THIS__ hammer over there.
4. There is a big picture. _THIS____ picture is interesting.
5. Peter, your tools are here. Yes, __THOSE___ tools are mine.

PART VII. CHANDE TO PLURAL FORM ACCORDING TO THE RULES:

1. Fireman: ___HEFIREMAN_____ 6. Shelf: __SHELVES_________

2. Stadium: ____STADIUM__________
__BROADCASTS_________
3. Table: ____TABLES _________ ___
4. Factory: _FACTORIES______________
5. Wife: _____WIVES__________
7. BroadcastElectrolytic capacitor:
8. Route:_ROUTES_________
9. Transformer laminations: __________
10. Child:_CHILDS_________

PART VIII. USE VERB TO BE (AM, IS, ARE, WAS, WERE)

1. Electrical Telecom engineering _IS__ one of the newer branches of engineering

2. I ____ an engineering student.
3. The most prominent pioneers in electrical engineering ______ Thomas Edison (electric light bulb),
George Westinghouse (alternating current), Nikola Tesla (induction motor), Guglielmo Marconi (radio)
and Philo T. Farnsworth (television). .
4. John _____the worse worker last year. Now, he____ an excellent telecommunications engineer.
5. That robot computer____ the best around the world last year.

PART IX. COMPLETE WITH THE VERB TO BE (IS – ARE- WAS -WERE)

1. There_IS_ a short circuit in the lamppost in front of my house

2. there _____ a short circuit in the lamppost in front of my house last night
3. There_____ diodes over there yesterday.
4. There______ computers and telephone in my office.
5. There _____ an excellent electrical systemnetwork system in that company last year.
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PART X. WRITE FIVE (5) SENTENCES WITH VERB TOBE IN PRESENT AND FIVE (5) SENTENCES WITH
VERB TO BE IN PAST AS A PRINCIPAL VERB.

VERB TO BE
El verbo to BE (ser o estar), es un verbo que es autónomo ya que él no necesita de otros verbos
auxiliares, al contrario, él puede ser un verbo auxiliar para otros.
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Observen su conjugación de acuerdo a las personas y al tiempo:

Adverbios que indican tiempo presente

Now, right now, today…
NOTA:
En el caso de las siguientes oraciones, observen los cambios:
Affirmative
I am an engineering student
Soy un estudiante de ingeniería
Question
Are you an engineering student?
¿Eres un estudiante de ingenieria?
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Affirmative
We are engineering students
Somos estudiantes de ingenieria
Question
Are you engineering students?
¿Son ustedes estudiantes de ingenieria?

ESTOS MISMOS CAMBIOS APLICAN EN EL TIEMPO PASADO

Adverbios que indican tiempo pasado: yesterday, last year, last month, last week…,
An hour ago, a momento ago, a year ago…, fechas y eventos que se realizaron u
ocurrieron en el pasado.

OTROS CAMBIOS A TENER EN CONSIDERACION:

Si tienes en una oracion interrogativa:
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Is it your table card?

Yes, it is my table card.

EXISTENCIA

There is/are = Hay en singular y plural

There was/were = habia/habian.
Examples:
There are/were some tvs in that storage
Are/were there some tvs in that storage?
Yes, there are/were some tvs in that storage.

EXERCISES:
1- Make 10 sentences with the verb in present and 10 in past.
2- Answer the following questions?
Are you a electronics Telecom engineering student?
Is your english teacher in class now?
Are those robots video systems in funtion?
Were there a lot of students in your virtual english class yesterday)
Are there some phones in your house?

ADJECTIVES
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En inglés, al contrario que en español, los adjetivos son palabras invariables, es decir, tienen la misma forma
para el masculino, el femenino, el singular y el plural. Así, para decir alto, alta, altos, y altas usamos una única
forma: tall. Otra de las grandes diferencias con el adjetivo español es que, en inglés, el adjetivo se pone antes
del nombre cuando se usa de forma atributiva: chico alto sería tall boy, no boy tall.

ORDEN DE LOS ADJETIVOS EN INGLÉS

Cuando usamos más de un adjetivo, el orden debe ser el que sigue: valor, tamaño, edad/temperatura, forma,
color, origen, material. Un ejemplo extremo usando todos los tipos sería el siguiente: a nice small old round
black Victorian wooden table, lo que vendría a querer decir algo así como" una pequeña y bonita vieja mesa
redonda Victoriana de madera negra". Algo enrevesado, pero no imposible.

ALGUNOS ADJETIVOS CALIFICATIVOS

De apariencia:
Tall- Alto Short – Bajo Blonde – Rubio Brunette – Castaño Redhead – Pelirrojo
Caucasian - Caucásico (blanco) Black - Negro Blue eyed - De ojos azules
White haired - De cabello canoso Well-built – Musculoso Fat – Gordo Thin - Delgado
Average – Promedio Athletic – Atlético Pretty – Bonito Handsome - Apuesto
Good-looking - Bien parecido Ugly – Feo Slovenly - Descuidado/desaliñado Tidy - Pulcro

De personlidad:
Happy – Feliz Smart – Inteligente Grumpy – Cascarrabias Thoughtful - Pensativo o Atento
Considerate – Considerado Clumsy – Torpe Reckless – Imprudente Blabbermouth - Chismoso
Lovely - Cariñoso (o lindo) Uptight – Tenso Boring – Aburrido Charming - Encantador
Inconsiderate – Desconsiderado Disobedient – Desobediente Disobedient - Desobediente
Disobedient - Desobediente Dumb - Tonto Shallow – Superficial Funny - Gracioso

Weird – Raro Eccentric - Excéntrico

A estos también se le agregan los colores, los números, las formas, maneras, edades, etc…

EXERCISE: DESCRIBE YOURSELF AS THE EXAMPLE.

Roberto is a twenty-four-years-old boy who was born in Maracay, state of Aragua.
Roberto Physically is a young tall skinny man of straight and black hair, with big brown eyes.
Roberto is known for being an intelligent, creative, proactive, worked, responsible and friendly young man.
He is studying electronics engineering now. He is currently in the eighth semester in the UNEFA Maracay. HIS favorite
hobby listens to music and plays video games.
He loves to wear blue jeans, t-shirt and sport shoes.

1. DESCRIBE ANY OBJECT.

Table of English Tenses

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Affirmative/Negative/ Translation
Tense Use Signal Words
Question

always, every …,
 R: Él diseña  action in the present
Simple A: He designs a never, normally,
Present robottelecommunication una robotred de taking place once, never or often, seldom,
network. telecomunicación. several times sometimes, usually
S+V IN N: He does not design a N: Él no diseña una  if sentences type I
facts
PRESENT+ telecommunication (If Italk, …)
red de
C network.robot.  actions taking place
Q: Does he design a telecomunicación
one after another
telecommunication  un robot.
network.robot.?  action set by a
Q: ¿ Él diseña una
timetable or schedule
red de
telecomunicaciónun
robot?.

Present A: He is designing a at the moment, just,

 R: Él está  action taking place
Progressive telecommunication just now, Listen!,
network.robot.. diseñando una red in the moment of Look!, now, right
N: He is not designing a de speaking now
S+VERB TO telecommunication telecomunicaciónun  action taking place
BE IN network.robot.
robot. only for a limited period of
PRESENT+ .
V-ING + C Q: Is he designing a N: Él no está time
telecommunication diseñando una red
 action arranged for the
network.robot.? de
future
telecomunicaciónun
robot.
Q: ¿Está él
diseñando una red
de
telecomunicaciónun
robot?
Simple Past A: He designed a yesterday, 2
 R: Él diseño un  action in the past
telecommunication minutes ago, in
network.robot. una red de taking place once, never or 1990, the other
S+V IN N: He did not design a telecomunicación several times day, last Friday
PAST+C telecommunication robot. if sentence type II
 actions taking place
network.robot. (If Italked,  …)
Q: Did he design a one after another
telecommunication  N: Él no diseño  action taking place in
network.robot? un una red de the middle of another action
telecomunicaciónrob
ot.
Q: ¿diseñó él una
red de
telecomunicaciónun
robot?
Past A: He was designing a when, while, as
 R: Él estaba  action going on at a
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Progressive telecommunication long as

diseñando una red certain time in the past
network.robot.
N: He was not de  actions taking place at
S+VERB TO designing a telecomunicaciónun the same time
BE IN telecommunication robot.
network.robot  action in the past that
PAST+V- N: Él no estaba
Q: Was he designing a is interrupted by another
ING + C diseñando una red
telecommunication action
network.robot? de
telecomunicaciónun
robot.
Q: ¿Estaba él
diseñando una red
de
telecomunicaciónun
robot?
Present A: He has designed a already, ever, just,
 R: Él ha  putting emphasis on
Perfect telecommunication never, not yet, so
Simple network.robot. diseñado una red de the result far, till now, up to
N: He has not designed telecomunicación un  action that is still going now
a telecommunication robot on
S+Have/has network.robot.
+ppv+c Q: Has he designed a  action that stopped
telecommunication  N: Él no ha recently
network.robot? diseñado una red de
 finished action that
telecomunicaciónun
has an influence on the
robot
present
 action that has taken
Q: ¿Ha él diseñado
place once, never or several
una red de
times before the moment of
telecomunicaciónun
speaking
robot?
Present A: He has been all day, for 4 years,
 R: Él ha estado  putting emphasis on
Perfect designing a since 1993, how
Progressive telecommunication diseñando una red the course or duration (not long?, the whole
network.robot. de the result) week
N: He has not been telecomunicaciónun  action that recently
S+Have/has designing a
robot stopped or is still going on
Been+V-ing telecommunication
+c network.robot.  N: No ha  finished action that
Q: Has he been estado diseñando influenced the present
designing a
una red de
telecommunication
network.robot? telecomunicaciónun
robot

Q: ¿Ha estado
diseñando una red de
telecomunicaciónun
robot?
Past Perfect A: He had designed a already, just, never,
 R: Él había  action taking place
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Simple telecommunication not yet, once, until

diseñado una red de before a certain time in the
network.robot. that day
N: He had not designed telecomunicación past if sentence type III
S+Had+ppv+ a telecommunication  un robot  sometimes (If Ihad talked, …)
c network.robot.
N: No había interchangeable with past
Q: Had he designed a
telecommunication diseñado una red de perfect progressive
network.robot? telecomunicación  putting emphasis only
 un robot. on the fact(not the duration)
Q: ¿Él había
diseñado una red de
telecomunicaciónun
robot?
Past Perfect A: He had been for, since, the
 R:Él Había  action taking place
Progressive designing a whole day, all day
rtelecommunication estado diseñando before a certain time in the
network.obot. una red de past
S+Had telecomunicación un  sometimes
Been+V-ing N: He had not been robot N: Él no había
designing a interchangeable with past
+c
telecommunication estado diseñando perfect simple
network.robot. una red de
 putting emphasis on
telecomunicación un
the duration or course of
Q: Had he been robot
designing a an action
telecommunication 
network.robot?  Q: ¿Había él
estado diseñando
una red de
telecomunicaciónun
robot?
Future I A: He will design a in a year, next …,
 R: Él diseñara  action in the future
Simple telecommunication tomorrow
network.robot. una red de that cannot be influenced If-Satz Typ I (If you
N: He will not design a telecomunicación un  spontaneous decisio ask her, she  will
S+Will + telecommunication robot. help  you.)
ndecisión
verb+ c network.robot. assumption: I think,
Q: Will he design a   assumption with probably, perhaps
telecommunication  N: el no regard to the future
network.robot.??
diseñara una red de
telecomunicación
 un robot.
 Q: ¿diseñaría
él una red de
telecomunicaciónun
robot?
Future I A: He is going to design in one year, next
 R: Él va a  decision made for the
Simple a telecommunication week, tomorrow
network.robot. diseñar una red de future
(going to) N: He is not going to telecomunicación un  conclusion with regard
design a robot. to the future
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S+V To Be telecommunication
going to+ network.robot.
verb+c  N: Él no va a
Q: Is he going to design diseñar una red de
a telecommunication telecomunicaciónun
network.robot?
robot
Q: ¿Va él a diseñar
una red de
telecomunicaciónun
robot?

EXERCISES:

I- WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB IN PARENTHESES:

1- We ________ (to be) electrical Telecom engineering students.

2- Electrical Telecom engineer __________ (to design) electrical telecommunication systems, too.

3- Dubai ______ (to have) wonderful light telecommunication system.

4- Yesterday, Paul ________(to buy) a lot of materials to make his own circuit system.

5- They are________(going to) design a new robot airplanetelephone next week.

6- Maracay will ________(to be)the garden city of Venezuela again in a year.

7- People have ________(to change) their way of life.

8- He is _________(to train) how to drive an antenna dump truck now.

9- They were __________ (to design) their own airportnetwork.

10- That engineer had_______( To build) a high lamp lights controlling by a computer..

II - WRITE THE SENTENCES IN ALL VERBAL TENSE STUDIED IN CLASE:

1- That tower of lights falls down

/Simple past/ _________________________________________________________________

/Present progressive/_____________________________________________________________________

/ Past progressive/_____________________________________________________________________

/simple present
perfect/________________________________________________________________________

/Simple past perfect/_____________________________________________________________________

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/Present Perfect Progressive/_______________________________________________________

/Past Perfect Progressive/__________________________________________________________

/Future. Will/____________________________________________________________________

/Future. To be going to/____________________________________________________________

2- Mary has her new light play system.

Simple past/ _________________________________________________________________

/Present progressive/_____________________________________________________________________

/ Past progressive/_____________________________________________________________________

/simple present
perfect/________________________________________________________________________

/Simple past perfect/_____________________________________________________________________

/Present Perfect Progressive/_______________________________________________________

/Past Perfect Progressive/__________________________________________________________

/Future. Will/____________________________________________________________________

/Future. To be going to/____________________________________________________________

3- THEY REINFORCE THE ELECTRICAL CONNECTION IN THAT OLD HOUSE.

Simple past/ _________________________________________________________________

/Present progressive/_____________________________________________________________________

/ Past progressive/_____________________________________________________________________

/simple present
perfect/________________________________________________________________________

/Simple past perfect/_____________________________________________________________________

/Present Perfect Progressive/_______________________________________________________

/Past Perfect Progressive/__________________________________________________________

/Future. Will/____________________________________________________________________

/Future. To be going to/____________________________________________________________

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ADVERBS

Definition

Adverbs are words that modify

 a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)

 an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?)
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 another adverb (She moved quite slowly down stairs. — How slowly did she move?)

As we will see, adverbs often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something happens or
happened. Adverbs frequently end in -ly; however, many words and phrases not ending in -ly serve an adverbial
function and an -ly ending is not a guarantee that a word is an adverb. The words lovely, lonely, motherly,
friendly, neighborly, for instance, are adjectives:

 That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood.

Kinds of Adverbs

Adverbs of Manner
   She moved slowly and spoke quietly.

Adverbs of Place
   She has lived on the island all her life. 
   She still lives there now.

Adverbs of Frequency
   She takes the boat to the mainland every day.
   She often goes by herself.

Adverbs of Time
   She tries to get back before dark.
   It's starting to get dark now.
   She finished her tea first.
   She left early.

Adverbs of Purpose
   She drives her boat slowly to avoid hitting the rocks.
   She shops in several stores to get the best buys.

Positions of Adverbs

One of the hallmarks of adverbs is their ability to move around in a sentence. Adverbs of manner are
particularly flexible in this regard.

 Solemnly the minister addressed her congregation.

 The minister solemnly addressed her congregation.
 The minister addressed her congregation solemnly.

The following adverbs of frequency appear in various points in these sentences:

 Before the main verb: I never get up before nine o'clock.

 Between the auxiliary verb and the main verb: I have rarely written to my brother without a good
reason.
 Before the verb used to: I always used to see him at his summer home.
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Indefinite adverbs of time can appear either before the verb or between the auxiliary and the main verb:

 He finally showed up for batting practice.

 She has recently retired.

Adverbs can be place after the verb TO BE

 He is usually at home.
 They were never there.

EXERCISES

1- Write sentences with the following adverbs:

Actually, always, often, seldom, every month, sometimes, rarely, now, yesterday, today. A moment ago, last
year.

H - QUESTIONS

What ? - ¿Qué? ¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles? How often ? - ¿Con qué frecuencia?

What else? - ¿Qué más? How long ? - ¿Cuánto tiempo? ¿Qué longitud?

Which ? - ¿Qué? ¿Cuál? ¿Cuáles? How long ago? - ¿Hace cuánto tiempo?

How ? - ¿Cómo? ¿Cuán? How old ? - ¿Qué edad? ¿Cuán viejo?

How else ? - ¿De qué otra manera? How soon ? - ¿Cuán pronto?
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When ? - ¿Cuándo? How big ? - ¿Qué tamaño? ¿Cuán grande?

Where ? - ¿Dónde? ¿Adónde? How far ? - ¿A qué distancia? ¿Cuán lejos?

Where else ? - ¿Dónde más? How tall ? - ¿Qué estatura? ¿Cuán alto?

Why ? - ¿Por qué? ¿Para qué? How deep ? - ¿Qué profundidad?

Who ? - ¿Quién? ¿Quienes? How early ? - ¿Cuán temprano?

Who else? - ¿Quién más? How late ? - ¿Cuán tarde?

Whom ? - ¿A quién? ¿A quiénes? How heavy ? - ¿Qué peso? ¿Cuán pesado?

Whose ? - ¿De quién? ¿De quiénes? How thick ? - ¿Qué espesor? ¿Cuán grueso?

How much ? - ¿Cuánto/a? What time ? - ¿Qué hora? ¿A qué hora?

How many ? - ¿Cuántos/as? What kind ? - ¿Qué clase ? ¿Qué tipo?

EXERCISES

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING PERSONAL QUESTIONS:

PART I - ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. What is the seventh month of the year?

__________________________________________________

2. Who is your English teacher?

__________________________________________________

3. How old are you?

__________________________________________________

4. Are you a Civil Telecom engineering student?

__________________________________________________

5. What is your name?

__________________________________________________

6. When is your birthday?

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__________________________________________________

7. Where are you now?

__________________________________________________

8. How often do you go to UNEFA?

__________________________________________________

9. What time is it?

_____________________________

10. How tall are you?

____________________________________________________
11. Where are you from?
____________________________________________________
12. How are you?
____________________________________________________
13. Who is your father?
____________________________________________________
14. Where are you living now?

____________________________________________________

TELCOM VOCABULARY: https://www.fcc.gov/general/glossary-telecommunications-terms

https://crtc.gc.ca/eng/dcs/glossaryt.htm

https://www.tecweb.org/eddevel/telecon/glossary.pdf

https://itservices.usc.edu/telecom/glossary/

https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC-M.1224-0-199702-S!!PDF-E.pdf