UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA

LAMOLINA

ESCUELA DE POST-GRADO
ESPECIALIDAD DE TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS

"UTILIZACION DE PROTEINA DE SOYA Y

CARRAGENINA EN SALCHICHAS TIPO HUACHO
CON BAJO TENOR GRASO"

Tesis para optar el Grado de

Magister Scientiae

BETTIT KARIM SALV Á RUIZ

Lima-Perú
2000
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;dftreníarias~ tf,J}Je -~ID ~~ -~tm'if!)., de :eames.~ :t:t>"J"'as~. Bsra.mude~ h~

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Rendhnien:to
después de = Pes() .e n gramos de producto cocido x I 00
c&cción (%) Peso :en gramo$ de producto crudo

'rextura
l'&~pr~® e11 mm de; pem~j~clil:llk ~qi:da e-<l.l l Perxetr~metíi~ J:~f'Labor

Muzzeripari-Mtrvek:,...Búngam.,

obm.v4eron dl.I:Im'lte los. e~y~:S e:xJ)erilllentales para determinar las

propótéinnes más· aceptables de proteína. de s:o ya te~d.a y
eau;a:geniaa. Se realizó las pruébas ~nsoriales de pPefetencí:a eon ~s,®ia

lledóni~ dándole el valor de 1 al tra~ento que obtuvo la mayor

aeeptabilidad y ·e l val0r de 9 al que' obtuvo ]a menor aceptabilidad' .E n caso
de elll,l*tt~ ~ les asignó el V'ál~x: obteni'<l0 po:r la.Jñe-dta atittrréti~ de l<Js
~gos e~l~íd~s (fledrer{t)~ l;c·~$9). Pam el desat:Jiclllt'J de, la prueba.
señSorlal se uti:l izaron. 16 panélist:as s_e:mientrenados de ambo~ s~*os. Se,
usó agua :Y panes eomo vehíeul'ú.. La fieba de evaluación ·~ mnestra en el
Cuadr-Q7.
Diseño ~ta:dí:sneo Se utilizo un diseñ0 de btaq:ues incompletos
balaxrooados, que es útil cuantlo el número de tratamientos que tendrfa que
'.eval.uar el parreltsta es mayor a 5. Oa.da tll1Q c:le lQs 1;6 panelistas evaluó 6
tratamientos~ ron 6 ~'e.peti<;iones por tratamiento (Codmm yCox~ 1991).
Análisis Bstadístie<l Se utlilizó la ,p rueba no ~métrica d:e U\l.Fbin. Para.
escoger el mejor t:ratanlíento· se utilizó la Prueba <;le Múllipl6s
'CotPparaci'Qnes de Durbin (C-o,f).Qve:r,. l9g0).
 N (l)'n:íbre <;}el ju~z:. ·~-~ ........~ --~ .,. ""'"'"~· ... .. ·""··~·~· . ~··. ~-~··-- ••.. ..•...'".. ·~ . .,. .... ~- ~-·-······- .
· F.eoha: .........~.,...............,~·--···~· -· .....-.... -......---· ...... _ ·M.... . ......._.. ....... ...... -~·~·-··· · •..,...~.- · ·- .. ... ..

P@r ía~tli't~ pme:~ 1as. m·ueSffas de saleJti~ha. ~-- Hua~h(;) ~ ·eol<lQ.l\l:é el

~ l)ál;die~" ..-oo ala ·~~:

lf
t
'f
¡:

! G
.'··.as·f·oi ·; Emem
[ Gtist€1 mucho
' •·
. -. :aclamente

· G'ust'O rni,l.GI:e~,a:;r:n~nte
'
1,!

¡;

1~
' 'ÜtJS't o lig~u;tqreate
.•No gtlS:to •t li disguSto

!1===-
t D isgust0 mucho
:1U:fis~;st~ ~~({taá~W~ate
 4l

3.S.4 ln:f'tuenda de •l a adíció.n d:e proteína d·e soy-a texturi.ztnla y

cQncen:t ta.dos funcional~ de proteína de :soya en la elaoorádón de
~lcbicha tipo BJ.t~cllo

En ~,ta ~ta,pa s.e es.tndJó :la sli1Sbtucíón. d~ la grasa PQt ~rot~ma d.e s~y:a,

·t~x;tm;i,zada. en las pro.p orciQnes. sci'tWient~s~ 2.0%; 3'@%,, 4!J% y 5b%...De otra ~~
pata elida eñsayo de snstime:ion de grasa se :ev:abaó la influencia de dife.r.entes
:P'Prcen.~Jes dfil co.~en'ttado func:í~n:al d~ soya.: 1,:00%~ J,&J%, y 5"Q'O% y 7,.0:0%
~esó/peso de masa). En el euadro 8 se. presenta las pr:operelones en :p owentaj:e
,ara oada: ooo d.e:los tmtamient()s estudiaa&s.

Las tormuiaeinnes :fueron. e.y a1uaclas pam d.eterm1nar su eq,uiliba.o

CRA&uml~da~ ·y los cooñeientes grasa/ptnteina JXlt el método reeomenood0 por
K.~rchove (1996~ El por®ntaje .d~. agp:a ~di• :fue ~culado t~maad9 en cu~nta
e:l I*l.I'aemtaje .d e humedad (W) y el pntoohtaj.e de proteína (P),. éon, el siguiente
coeient«: (W4.P)l( l-0,0 lW+0,04:P), s:egúft 'Patk et lll. (1990).

Rendimiento
despu@d~ =·PesO' en "mmn:os d~ pr.odu~to Gocido .x l OQ
:co:e.eióu (-D:k) Pesn en ~runos ,efe prorlueto '€1"Ud&

Tentíl"a
Expresada en nmi: de peuetraeio~ medida ron Penetróme.tro Tabof Labor
M~!m.él'i;pari·..:lVltiveko-HíiDgat'O·.
CW~:I: í~Olft11lLACIBJfl'$' JBl, LAS S~,llle!IA-1) 1t~DD
HC.DIOCO:B DmEllllJfrES' ~"l\~ D:E. 51fBI:ff:UC~
DX. ~4. J1Ólt;pa~A DE 'SOW"A ~á V
CDR AD1:CI6B DE· DJEE.-mES :tltO"Pr(I::Ra:OJILES IIB
Cft~CE~~ :RiBECaaAL DX.S::OYA..

· ·~
'
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lO
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'
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.,
 , Pmreba~fii'IB{')rial S'e Uev& '3 : c:áhn :en :hoSJ ·1 6 :Jlf:<Jrtaetus ~n6' 'Se

~hmviet::<m. dil!t1:fñte !Jlo:s. ~,~s ;é;~peJEiJñ~rrmle~ 'Jáam :det~n:tl:i~ 1aii

:itn;~xºt~~~ -~ i:JJ?:~Jflt~t~~ ~~, Jt<~t~i'n:a. tt~ ~~t)j~ t:~~2a~.:y ~oJr~~!ltm;:du
11m:oi:sLial ,(h soya~ ~e ;n~a!i~li· 1as: prn.eb:as '~ab.~sr. de :p:Ee:leren:cia non
ese{t}'a lt000m~ ~·imdol~ .e l \!alol' d0 1 al n-a~:etil:lo Wíe!•IDhta'í~ l'a m&yflt
~~~ta:~il'tda~ ;y ~tl ·v·a1~f' ~~ ~ ª1 >ij~~: ~tlttl"9Q 1·ª nt®P'I ~~~tib.!llrf1~t'L, En.. ~~'º
de,tempate& ~ t~~ a$'~Q eJ 'Vail()I QDt~~i.ig; :w.r: la m~ID¡:L an:tm:étÚ:a -de io~
:rang~
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1 A.,.; wl:"'lt'í,tn;;~ · · ¡;t;l'l:a:i<n.~'
;{:ncn...,.m
~·]o~W!X~ " ll;i;;>~~""'"'""· ;~'l~ l!!tWM""Y ' W"l "'L~~"·"""'-' 4,-\,¡¡; I.J;b"'-!'!.f~-SL:.e iR'6""'""··: ...w-.:..Jc'!,i~,p~

lfint1an-e:<;mQ:cr~ ijine :~1 ~í .C\!OO'J:G~J '@1 :nt\m~J',(): id~ ~e~,f.;l~. ~Qe te.ndna. 9!l'le
~'ValJtat'' ~t ~~~t:aJ e~ ma~o.lt á! 5. 'Ca·<&~t J.tí!~ «e·los, l~ p.anelís~ eva4í'ID 6
:ttilÍlaft~1J1:tUi~ ~D.Ia i ~~ti~t!1Já(l¡S; ~Ji·~tmJ.Jemo r{;Cr,~:tli'atií 1J 0~ 19~lJf'};,

~~~S-: ~sti:ci:J .$.~· :oti.ifí'ro tª' J·lll~b~ ~.JP' piifam6~tí9ª ,~~· :Dnr'Pña-. iP~nl!
trsc~et ;eil mejar tnammi~ntm: se nlilizá la ~Tllleba de, Mittliplés
~o~a~iG:tt~ ,(.)le¡ IDntl1ifu ~Cmro-v,~r~ l~8Q?l

:S:.~~S ldlren~fa íl~: la adiJfíQn kS'im.lll'd~~r~~ .~~ ·p~tg[p'ª a~ ~~~~~ T:~xt'JJ~t#.!l

rtoneentr~d:Oi tfüttéi'Qinál de fñoteiná de 'sa~a. :-¡' drYa:teniua en, l'a
~mbnlfa:~fiD u~ salehiJi!&a tiliü ,lla~hn

CDn.lns tesruradcts.,filltenida& ;e.tt 3~§~:3 'Y ~-1A- se ;elal>:omr0m: mu.e:s:ttas~ de:

:sát~fi~~ ~-n'S'i~mn:d~ 1't1~ ·~t~l't~e~ t'l~~ gff~" de ~-et~~ ~ot~ína de :s.;~ya;
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,~~l~?~\i.t~~· ~~ , ~~~:i~'ª~
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 46

En el Cuadro 9 ·se presenta l<as diferentes mnamientcrs y las pnxporoiones

de los· comptJtt:eí."'ttes .empleados em' la fomtulat1i0.o.

Las formulaciones fueron evaluadas pata detenn.lnar :s:u equilibrio

CRAJ:Fu:un~:dad y tos eoecfieiente·s grasa/¡r,.r(:)telna y :a,gua añadida por el métod~>

re'(.;cnrrentm'd9 por Kercb:~ve (199tj),

Rendimiento
d:es¡més de = Pe:s0 enrota;nto:s d~ ftiC<>cl:usto ~ido. :g lOQ
~o:oeión: (%) F'esD .f;}n .~a:nros d~ puG.dtt'(;to cnrd0

Te~tur:a

liExpresada en tntn de penetració~ medi<ia con Penetrómetró ·-rab.of Lab>ór

M~ripari.-Mu;~rek.,Elü'n'!~ato.

!Ev:aluaeión senso~ttal

dmante los ensayos expe·r imentales anteñarmente detal'lados. 8e realizó

pruebas de o1denan:ión,. salicitándole .a l panelis:ta ordene las muesttas de
mej<>r a ~r en función de ,su aceptabíHdad {'Te~einl. et al,, 19·8 7), 'Yl·ñcha
de e'~aluació.n s,en:sorial se muestm en el ·Cuadro Ht
Ois.eño ~stieo Se ut11ttó .ah~>t),J:tes c:ompletamettté al azar. Se úfi~an

18 poo:elístas :s~mien:tr~nados 4e alJ:l'bos sexps~ ,~ ®9 de los c~les:

evaluó los 4 tm.tamiento:s.

'00DllVP~ :P~CIONU DE. La ~~m&$: ~
:B.DACIJD C'BN ~tiEI á~S BR •-KOTdfiA QB
SOYA ~A~ ·y CON AUiaiJM O'B
:C~Q~~ WO· ~, fl]l~UOK:&L, DB
ii!'!íl1i:v':il._
~:..-.~

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'*·'Wt p;rdmtlje: seL:r:~á)CJl ~~! tefai4tt a lla- ~:ttltm.

,.,.. 'J~ ~,~ ·-,~alflí~ ~.-:dl·ll!··i~ -~...~1..,.,4ds• .-n ¡~...._, -.-.:1\.-..-,. J!!IMf~ri'n~
~~~.:~! -~~·- - -~ _ JJ:~~: ,_~ ·"l!IJt _. -c>---- 7.:._•..·~---~~~g.:,J;.~~~--~r ~~~p..~ ~~~

=-~ -
 Ud. es"t á r~cíbi~ttdq 4 muestras de $~Ckí0bas ti}X) H®t~ho. P'ftl.eb~
~u!id.a§lo&atne:n:te
cada una de eltas y otdéaalas ,de .act~erdo a su preferev~ia
situl:do ellet. b1gar para.la m.e jor muestra y el 4te. •para la peot.

-------------------

-- - - -. -. ~- - ------ _,.-..,.. ......?""_, _ _ _ _..,.. ~,_-

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 lmllms.~llito.: Se·,uti1im,la ptllCfiám ·~ a:c;Fifidma Fam.

~-· m mej• ~'elft(!) :s:e ~~ la ·~w de :Mmti,.1•

amPª~OA~6'Jf.d~(C:•v~c;r~ 'llJti~

t1m ~l¡fijt. 4el~ 61$miuuW m\B1dlml~lile ·diiei.'Mt.'~r.im~~a1mí

kl'Dílw~m ~~&~·mloi'dn ~~ pdfcjq: ie~~~ ~· ·•·'~ª ·ei~itm.•: m
-~ñi~Da ~pll H1~1iQ1

e.ni l<~Sí .-.ut~ f)'Jñtmi~s. WltmQmt.~ ~: ·e'~mmll m~ .,

~satem~-. mtmi~a .las J>JitJpreiU~ ·~ptimas. • ;psa, é -.ao~ p;oretu Ae:

5ya-~::~Jnma,·.a•n~~ .~~••.Ja.
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lt' Ú1$:Wm~etQ1fÁltQS•I-t~~~~ •~Jt}1#~' éleñfla·s~
\l!•li7Jtlllll ;tas:.'Si'AUICI1tesreV,Blwmí'é~

·= ·~esp ,en, ~J?!d~m;~~i«o~ :tm;t

l'í!f~Nlt~tptm«s \B: I,WoU~~~

•.c-Udllñltt~YO'B\~OOJIEI' Dli U' ii S~mulld :I U.o
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~8D· 1QS_,4illtatamiefítos~.

-mtí!~"S)I~~~~hl:~ 'DO. ~~~ ·-f.d:ed~, ;~~

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Con\~·lfd~--;{Col!J;SN~- 1!981)..

-ela&o~.·~ñ-m, mt'.tD•í&t ~tpemn\ló ~•~ jtasmeiet~ ~

~• :lts! ~ a:o'b;ri~~ MD. ~~ ~· ~, fa :$mpl•1•eiiu
--~~..._-.,;)
i /'iJfAIZ.· .L,
~~~ ~-H !l". ~ ~
· ·
'J :ilJ.P~
:>
A... · · · · , Ji. · · · .A......-\. ~~-
.\A) '~ · Qa~ Y~ -~ ~ ~- ~· ';.' ~ ..;. . ,
....._tizi l(Js
si~MIIisls~

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,.
· . , 1

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:.~~· ·-~' 'ª '~ella
'~u:~...~ ~- ~
,..__·"'; e' :_ ,..r~ll
~ ~dL:i!a\lu
i11 Q,~~ ,tl ebn !ID
~aet~ miR'l!Jadé~. l.ni &\'ins ~~-~ 'i mr(úl ~•_j .-~ la!
~oc•~~ ~~- \~[~w~~ ~-am ~ ~ 'fl.~•~·
rsi~~ .etí&" I<J~ prMt!fQlm~~ .:a lllii, Dlvel ~ ~~ióiL ~ 'l"'~ La

~lmliil-~i&n~:Ua1~~w.s~t~f)' la

~étle$~~19:$' "Vi'B:\lit&
~ r!Jl4.t'SI!Jtfil14mrt~~.ml~tes

.. - Cltx~41!itmJ~1JJ~"

. '-· ""

.. . . ~
 fJUA»ltO'ft~ DC~lJBE~'~Y&ClÓN ~$()~. :Jl·~~~
PRUEBA 'lfm:ANt:ULAD

;~eio.nes·;

Ud, W~í:h}~ tr:~s; m~~ élo,s, ® :e:stal$ SQ:P. {~¡féu.ti~ tª tef®r:a.es cdl{~re$,

l. Pméb:e las mue~ en el oraetl m~.e:adey e ine::nttfi~;I:tte la: tG:ne~tras t

difer'(:.nte:

i Z,.· I:nJÜCll! ~J ~.0 ,d_~ l~ '~ifeteA~llil ~;ntFe las :QilJreSf;t¡~ d:upHca-cl'as y la ¡

In~~Slfa Qifei:~t~;
Gmd0 4e dif~rencia
L.~:\l'e

MOO'eracilt>.
M'lícko
-s~em_c;);

! 3. Aoeep'táfiilidád·
La mues.l$ ~'f~te~~ ~~ ltf$ ~epta:ltle
Las dupliqaoa~s ~tJ mis a~~p~l~s
 54

4.1.1 pH
lL.a carne de cerdo etn:pleada tuvo un pB ptot.i:leai\0> de 5i6!5 , $·e.gún la
Norma Técnica p·~a: 201,<101 (12NDBCQJ?I, 1~71), .la carne -~ .c cxnswno
h:umaino debe tener un pH eatre 5,5 ·y 6.,4. Asimismo. frey (1983 ), señala que para
la elalx:tracióll d.e (pliJl},)utfd<;ts entd~s S~ re~Oflrle:nfa tll1 pE enJ;r~ $'i5 ª s;>'~l; pq¡ lo
~que podemos deci:r que el pH de la carne.empleada es adec:uado.

4~l ;,2 A~á:llsi$ pro;dln'l ll

Lós resultados ebtemdos en el análisis prctXimál de la came magt:a de
pierna de cerdo se. reoportan en el Cua$0 13. Al tes~to, CoHaz1l-s et al~ (199()),
señala q,ue la éame de cerdo éentiene en pr;omedi() 69,2%. c:ie humedad, 14,4 % de
proteína, 15,1% de gtasa y 1,2% ae ce-biza; sita e,xnbatgo la pfema de ceJtdo
tJ.tiliza$ coBtíene 7.,7o/o men:Qr te:oor gmsQ7 5% más d~ pr~iefna, y una bum~d
ma¡or, debitdo, a que
- se e~'i.Iajo
~
la grasa. de
---
cdoormm. Ken:iliove. 09'-96),. l'epo"Eta
- -~

que la part~ tnferioor de la pfema de PQt~úto ~nti:e-ne ~n proU'l.:edie· 70A:5% .de

h;um.eclad, lS~95P4 de proteína y 10,10%, de gr~; siendo estos va:l(;')res eer:canQS a
las eneontrados en el análisis proximal r,eaH.zacl:o•

••;n:o
.t""Y'-r
~U~II~~
·. ~""
1·3 · - ~"'·
--_ - • • ,-c-w:s:_·. pno·
• v .·J~~:Il ~'O.·"" • • . n:r
~V~~;~ _
L"' -e· A-n:ii\.YI? '"E' ""''II":n~~
_u~ _·-- . : ~ · .: · - ~ - ~,.~.14. _J:I~ ~::.15'~

EMPLEADA

·:Html'~( 11;Z4
·:'Pt('Imin-a 1·•0;¡rii40
- ...
G~. "1~4l
·Fibra
•cj!ni·n 1~_, t3:
i:Extracto: Libre·,<fe; \Nitro,geno
J ,, - ~ ·-- - - • - -- ~ . - · - ·-- ~ •••. ~ -- ">•.>;-•
(1~1{0.
 L:a~ ~a,Ila~:i&.d .~.e veteñéidn d~ :a"gmti d:e ta J1f«:lleiw:r ·de la ~ame d:~ ·~~xdo

'ª Ralb'ª® culiJie~PQ~ ª'·~. ~. ~t ¡e~~gtg ~~Ji~llQ~ (il~o.) ~ñ~l~ q;u~ 1~. ~p;<!~dflct
,de •Félenci!ón de ~' ·d~ las $)IO.teina:s; de 1a.:éame, .~ eetdo fre&cá .e s én 1promemo•
4~$- l.••·'i'SA·· ·· ne: ·.··.
.t<""r .lo. ij, ~1 '\tal ···tr ....fia;.,¡·¡;::tY.O
..· CL ;~ -;¡;:~
·A · itntp,,tt, .-.ue
q . fa.. . ,·~~L
·, ~ ..ti~.e!L.
· e 'tmll. . .. .~ .. de
• .....áa.11.·a~raail .. .
!lle~en.())fÓn, l~ eaJ~ apr~'tªd'a, .

El :ag~ut lfur.~ li'al'J'aaa ,para la came de .eet:dG ~ de ";5~~g99/&.. Al tes~to,

~Umt~o y M~~ (;t~·~,(il~.• ~~ñata:u cq:a;e. ~n .~1' ·m~rtl~í ·~~ la ~m~ !S,~' ·~mey~p¡b¡ª gn
máximo,i:Je 5~ :di: a~. [~g;raa {~d'!Vo- a;~ Ü~r:ej á itmvés de :~]?OS milrotllié:!lS! de·
f·a tp.J<t)t<!úta.. m);e:nl'l'1tS,:que ·W'Ia :eanfida((t ~nnsitieralJl'e ·&:e :a,~ se iñ'lfitliVíi.i?Jl~ :de:b.i~n
~ l·a; .~;Q,~gyrªc-íO:n ijSi~ d~ t~ pr~t&f~~ {a:~ d~hilm~nt~ llgª'<;i:&)"' <i{Uei ]ltl@<.Í~
e;x pd.étse del m:ús.G~ulc .f~ua:Ddd ~se. aplica na ftte.rza ·e&-rerna.

Los, :te.slilta&rs dbmtridos. á1 ~izar la ¡~ ·d;e; ~erdtt s~. tepPnan eu ~t

C~dro 14, lA , ~ d.~ ~:g;rpli) ;elA;pt~~c,lQ ·tu~0 :ID'Ji ~dl:ce de iWP: de ;.65;;lt\~ .;El
"tCódé:llt Alim:enfiu:iuS? (t~f$)2) señala q;ue la ;$F3Sá. d;e; rerclo tiene;un: :índicé :de;iodó
~ara:ct~:s:ti~~: que :vana de- -45 a: 7C1' 'PQt lo ~qu~· ~s~ :p~e .d ®ít <JIU~ el :b.'ldiPe:'<1~- íbdo

obtet:ddQ> ~~· ~~~ti~~ · ~ 'f;J! ;gm&~t i:te; ·~t:d:<>~., A$:htJj~m<>·? :s<:ll n.t\wvo un inlti'~~· ª~
:peróxiéto rl.é. O~.Pr>: :mé<J 'E:~ 1:t un.índi~.~ d~: aci~z :d6< U~~~~; •te~p.te:Sádo éómñ ri~iao
'·"M'-"le•'co\· e 'e ·m'
-'~~J.: ""~ -J ·· Q.,_,, ''"' 1!;1
f1Cf
t::P""!" ~- ~ Nt:fri;Y:i<>
-·-"·'U.~~~ 'T(~~i~:?>:
~ ~~-~~ ;t?e~'!1i'"'tí'
~-,_j~,~~~ '?.1:01~
'/P r:rny. ~"'T)t;;~OP'l
__ ~.- /f'·Vl-l~ ~\:~-,~XJ¡~ __ Ji(".' ~ - ?¡ 1·• 9'. JiJ0 ___2;¡
:.,J.:_')¡_ la
·------ -!~
&<~
,--~.coa
-----

y [}{')!más.aé ()~35~-i& de ac.idez lihte;:~éo~ptesa:da: eomo ác:idn :aleioo''l~ que, :equiv:aJe;a

...... . ~,...,:u,,......,
,¡:. . ...,..,..r.:A.:..... ,¡:¡. O' con· . ·<:".;:;¡'O:fin .. ..Sl
. ...
· ·;;"ro í'l:•·" · '] ......
w -~"'w:.p;e '1,\l~ ~I:f;.lez . ~e . :.;~·~~ ~'
· ··~n:
IDi:i
'Trrí'Cid ··
~v.Á ·.~rg, '"'"'-S'~··
~t
e o· 'P"'~emus- ·.--···~"·• .-'1· ..
u~.,;. ; ':l'l.l& .. o,..

·vªlQ.ttt~ ~~:tr9'QJ:it¡a;dJ]·$ p~ j'q. ~a$a ~"' ~rejo· utiH~ ~- · ~ '~lT(lrJJ~ttltan -e:Xli ~~9~
l'ept>rtadas :en.Ja:litémfiula
 ·.· mw~, d_e t<m_o, 6i,30
tg 8xto ahsor:bJdo/lOOg}:
í
lnA} .·.~. •de
. . • liil ce · .. éÓ~~
..... J;'ef ···~
N.l40 0.60
(m~g)

títdi~e. d~' Acid~z: 0,13

(%ltcido•olei1X>;}

Estos análisis se r~Uz;m .~<>.n fa finalidad' • ·~· .posible~ :g rasas,

mn'Cias, ·Que· ~an ñiflufti negati:Vattte:nte: en 1a ,elabóración y calidad dé las
~1~hiºh~.

4;.3 .Eiab«raeioo: 'fle¿sat~b.icba: ít"PO··uu:aéh'o·eutt diferentt& CéJiílD:ma:ciones

ele p)(qlefua il~ $'1YtJ.teU...rlza:cta y··Q~gt:eP:in•,

CoJl' .ctl •f in ® · '(}.bte:n~r salchtcbas ® baj~: if ettor gtaS~ ,s:e, ~dió· la

iiml:uenCoi~.de la :s~iii:tu~ión :k iil: ~· J?9t difenmtes. eonc~nttac.ion~s ·de p:trQteiint.
tte .s.oya .te~ :Y diferentes·. oombinacianes ·dó Cáll'agetíifla (Cuadto 6').., Se~

d~t~oiin<> .c:;p¡ ~t :PfQ(lu~ fírudi; r~adUxd~nt(ff,s; :de~p~ d~ bt ~ó~. t~~ y

cametensti~ sensoria1~~.

Lo · s· · ,.,...,...ul4;-A'.-uo ·d·•·e I>a ~-Q·u·~.,.,.;;'!lo ..,~ ......... .A!'c·t'o'"',... ,a.,. ·p· ,....,."'"'í'*"a ..;:¡..,., •srt:va.·te
~ --_- -- , ~ ~.9- ~... :~V-~;_,_· ,:~- ~ --- ----~1 . -~--~~~ -~· ~----~ -- "~ -~~ _ ~- ~-Y-~~~-~ : ...~~ -~ _-- ~-~.:-~~~-
· ,.,..,..,....;,'7..,..a-

:~ ea.rta;gémna en. los :remfim!ientos después. •.de, la GO\cbi:ó¡t de; sal~Itiehas· tipo
m:w~h~ iSe:·~na en. ~~ '~<> 1..1 4..¿1 Ane~n L

Eñ. Ia Figura J· .se: puede· apteciát <Jué los t:cmdimten:tos. :d~pnés de la.
~ión tiene:u.l¡.IJ1JJ Ilger:a.t~nd.Cnci~. ~~r.ent~ [al aurm~nuoc las ~~»centraeioues. :4e·
;prQt~ÍIIA ® $qf~ t~~'ttl~dª ~fu MfqJÓ~. \')~ ~p~ r~i)) ·~Utbar,go ·~Di ·~1
.a:nalísis ~ea no se lo~ó- esta11íleeer mferettdias. ~i:gnifieati~: .entre estos,·
FIGURA~: RENDIMIENTOS DESPUES DE LA COCCION EN SALCHICHAS TIPO HUACHO DE
BAJO TENOR GRASO, CON DIFERENTES CONCENTRACIONES DE PROTEINA DE SOYA
TEXTURIZADA YCARRAGENINA

o o.¿~ o.~

Carragenina r~J
12~% Proteína de soya texturizada 1 3~% Proteína de soya texturizada

D40% Proteína de soya texturizada ~50% Proteína de soya texturizada

~Mea. se tíDsencá. ' na. t~íi~ ~teofe~ ~ q~:t tm mp.ufmientü.
~~t~D' .>¡~~. JY~ ~Q.!J,C -
~~ -- · ~ ;;t'#.¡PR:Zfl
1!'1,1"~
u ~UYQ~eL': .¡r"" ~8·~-"". ~~~ ~"\'~VA V Q .~~·. ~~; r~~g~fi:'IL ~
~'\W.:U'KI:, ~ ~.,,_. .:t "···g¡,.~y,g, ~ ~"""-· ~ · ~
!!IIQ ;a;<""'

~ánát\s·is 4~ ·v~f-ªl~Qm :nros.• . th"l'ª~~I• ~~v~ ~n8 b .~Jli*;mt~~ ;¡: ·&f

~lMI ,BDlm:tmi;líiCrm.ift*~l~~-· lQ:S t~Dtti~~·~la ·~fóll,
~ ...~ ~lplfrs"'~\'fmmt~'~'~iff":
~~___..._,"MM-J .~L.._. ·-- .~~ -~ _ _, __!~ .-~. lftl"f:l;.~
-,~:-YA~~~~....,.,t.".. ¡o,;~ 4<&·
·:<!. -' ~
;¡; sf\~!1--
_, 'V-. ~11! ·""~ J:;\T,f1\•t:._.-,
\!~ ,r-.~M (Jl'... ....~11!... ~~.,.,.~·'"""~"".,;"'""·-
,A_.;~~IQVJ,.:~ {.¡"_.t~~~~

ñtJ. exi~emi&: ~eóéia$ '11JiiffiGáli~lB a lO§ •mlimimnD'"Sld~es dé 'la ~~iii:n

~ 2tl :!' .I ,.A S~ ll!lYét~ ·á S~ te~da -tGu.a:illt-0 E;..!~ M_lfm, 11;1~ .Al
·~~ ~;pi$! (t~j §d:IJ:~ ~~ !'ª ~- lm!~tta, • tª' ·pr~ • 1SPJ'~
r~ ~\ ~ét m atqWttmar a;1mm-ut ~1. pt~m1:n ·t éthltcQ. ~de ·
nt:r"~Jmms.
J:~~ _ ~-A'! .._.~ ~[GQS\
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~~~~ "-r· al
·~ ··~- ~--..s.tif.,..,~· '1'0--.-~5·
~~ - ~W..~QB -~ JI~ #, ••

j~§ fel$.~~ ·éS *dk 6Jíd'lmfr 1u p«a•~, pW' ~l~ Alhltilm9~ ~ú ;¡

Smf:th t"191!l~ ~~blí fl~· btsl Jtt~ por ~118 a&~ de 'ffG
&minula~u.u:<iG· fla'J')mt.,&.•:~p t~~, se.-'itlmmxPil*ba&ta"lm,;•QP'~j
:ín4iean~ t• IQ$\ ~~ q~ iJ,Jlv~~JI en ~ :p!tl. ~x:· ·~~ ~· 40m~
eVJ(t~~m:G'i'éñ ~ .Sb'l~ stlñ -~~~ :p»t :~l · ~& • p.rate'íblt A soy~
t~·:FIW~,,:y~,.mat.~llDJ la.~-~de"m-~~

pr.Q~ÍUjt k •$a --~ • .~lztma ~1 rW#.Wídlf~ :4~ !~i~ ~W'~nt 1j;s¡

·sai~btcha~ ti~J :alJJCñ~, lo ~ .e~n
-uibUJ6 "al iiñ'te~~ ~~\ l9S: 1Wn~~•t~\
A--~~ • -·
·u~~~"" .~
l ! · . -~~~A'D ~~.4iiooft'.n~a
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:,;. ··. ·.3:l1CSr ·~- n.-yn·. .eJi.
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'"-' .7:Pi4''/tl"

~ctudi:Q~~ qJ~q lus ~~dírú~nms: ~ :dtila~. m salefde&·~ ·t~

~, i,~_ttfim: ~: ..,~$~ • ·fl~~r-. Al~· .a 1tem1' ~~~u 4' a.:s•.
.Mimtsnt<lX,.&r~l t!._t· di~ (1.981;} n~flt!"n. J{e 'ftOllfolltí~ • tm:mmm~til~l< .mv~t•
u~c~ ,m 1ª" ~~•lnup~. ~ ,. , '9~'•! f2l, t:J~«Mí4 ·• e1me.. d tm.~\61 4.~
~lettet.~ lttp!4t'&l.ptt) ~CltiO)f :bl&. ~-,-m: ~ÍÓ'It 'n:~D:., {fkjJtátl\
(1:'-9211),~. ~ ,~ ·la mlW"l• -•~c~~as t).Or ~1t ~ p:tii•t• 'Uttt maJ~.r
!,Q¿ .J-........,...~-~~¡~- de i•-~· ~~:JI:i:! '*'W""" .ll!l. t¡..
tenor o;i'W~A :.e~-.... ~~,!!lf~i-,_.n...~os ~r ¡l..,
~,_ ,.,;.. _, ~~y ~~ -~...~~-~--~· ~-'v. ~~IAJl:. ..._._ - -=-·--·e<~ ~-- ·' ::~ ·~- . ~ - -~- :~, ~
~-· -1\lUO .e-J ~ien\e ~pmteffiá. or$Pfa las: pb;.df(Jru; de ~-· dwmite {a,
~ítílli * ' ~.,os.1 ~~~ ltl~~ mttj~ ~le»tns -~~Qí .~J
·~~-
~~e-"s -~._.,b¡l,'nr;~tei:na ~llMe'r
/M!i. .,,~i~Rf~if,;,...-!L~---·--······ =·-·--· .... --"'"!Jl"~"

~ ~ nan. :l·l~<D-'E'Y . I.~~~-r VilWT!:a'n -

~~-~~'- - ~~~~:_ ~ U~~ ~Ji,t...a¡~~
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~~~ " --- ~: ~·~\l:ftU,I.._.JUU~

~'Os IG~NYOS DEt.tw-s JJE, LA. COCCffJN lEN

9'~€BNS ríPO liUACJI6 . enM A.t~• ·~m

C:állMR~A
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r•o•••~A:»lltaYA.

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:kf~ m1iJ.l~tJ~ :fftd ~S 4, ·l!m'l~fJI. (~4 J:.a~-..Me• IJl~ .á l M~?i

et<JDJ :S~· al.· 'tfl!'ftJ u <en~o~~ &.Teten.ems s~~ en fos -~elitM
,~és tm lA~itn, ap¡:~tDI· ~•"S ,a. ~•· ~' m"Dhaaílíl-dismlttm
et 'itenftr p§Q· • ).,4 a. 11~. P$g••s: y · ~~f m · .h>:~:ón :w '(tlat~t
:~ siptfiafiv~ ,g 1~ ~~ufím1ettms da:pt.ta de la ~.w~..íil añmit

~~kt~~--ªB ~Dem:W$ÍB~*M-s,
 d.~u~ ~ ~~ª~U,Í Q.uamtQ ·S§~i:m• 1~ ~~; ,~~-:~Y~ine~mcm:~ª
el~~·· ~ma- :de: so~á -~~. :Sm éDÍbaíl~Jó el ,adtisis~m
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dls511\lh: a ~.l!l~i~n

lle~a. bt,'lmttit&ld ae.~. raña:6itla~~. e~a mtd! Cmitl:lttl Uf~ <fl~·m

lllmw~ ~·~~ª·~sái~~"º·Dvafllw.-i~~~ Pl~~fll:e;
& ¡pt.O'té1111a de~ ~texmn•ñl a~ ~na. ~tJ6Ji~ ·e l.apáaiiadimi111HÍ':Ieñta a:e: ·~46~4. •
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:re~to~ :~7!~J'(l{f.:Ml.~ ~ .q~~ ~y~··~tfilh··~· pm.l'
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 FIGURA 4: TEXTURA DE SALCIDCHAS TIPO HUACHO DE BAJO TENOR
GRASO ELABORADAS CON DIFERENTES CONCENTRACIONE~ DE
PROTEINA DE SOYA TEXTURIZADA YCARRAGENINA

35

a
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20 30

Proteína de soya texturizada (%)

+ 0% Carragenina + 0,25% Carragenina 0,5% Carragenina + 1% Carragenina

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 FIGURA 3: COMBINACIONES DE PROTEINA DE ~OYA TEXTURIZADA Y
CARRAGENINA CON MAYOR ACEPTABILIDAD GENERAL

Ri,

Tratamientos
1 1~%Texturizado~;;%Carragenina 1J~%Texturimdo·~,;%Carragenina
D1~%Texturimao·l %Carragenina ~ J~%Texturizado.} %Carragenina
FIGURA~: RENDIMIENTO~ DESPUES DE LA COCCION EN SALCHICHAS TIPO HUACHO DE
BAJO TENOR GRASO, CON DIFERENTES CONCENTRACIONES DE PROTEINA DE SOYA
TEXTURIZADA YCONCENTRADO FUNCIONAL DE SOYA

J ~ 1
Concentrado funcional de soya (%)

1 2~% Proteína de soya texturizada 1 3~% Pro~ína de soya texturizada

040% Proteína de soya texturizada 150% Proteína de soya texturizada

 mn~&~eb~'$ '~ prof~llll· Q§' ~ya. fe~~~; ~~~d<r$'e ·~ il'ié1~$f~ sé
itf;;;~cr& 111 a•cenmr :e1 :p:»reéít'1:aje· e :ptnté'i'tm tm ¡Sñ~ia te~da 8~ 20~; a fQH,
:CC~m.dlv tt-f~ ,Atf•JJ '10~ .M ilf~?' Bm~keJit(l99~), ~m!~~ lf.m ~~.n~
fttteionates de so~. Íllfl:..,ett ~V:atñ'ente..sobte la. lijacljn ~~ a. ..J: ·de· la,
~ m~j'fnmd&la~ al&t:an~i~nt«ti'wt~··*: :lfii,r.:1tdu:«ts ~~s~.

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~~~.~~as~.e&· millteñ~fmites de ~ncu~imoi0ñal rde'mJá~ [!~ :S'
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 FIGURA 7: VARIACION DE LA TEXTURA DE SALCHICHAS TIPO
HUACHO CON RESPECTO ALA ADICION DE PROTEINA TEXTURIZADA
YCONCENTRADO FUNCIONAL DE SOYA
16 . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,

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%Proteína de soys texturiuda

1+ 1% concenltado + 3% concenlrado 5% concenltado + 7% concenlrado 1

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·.
 FIGURA ~: COMBINACIONES DE PROTEINA TEXTURIZADA Y
CONCENTRADO FUNCIONAL DE SOYA CON MAYOR ACEPTABILIDAD
GENERAL

~.

Tratamientos

11~%Prote!na texturizaOa ·1% Concentrado funcional I)~%Prote!na texturizaaa •j% Concentrado funcional
OJ~%Protefna texturizaaa ·1% Concentrado funcional m2~%Protelna texturilMa · j% Concentrado funcional
 '11

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~ult !l:pt~laj~ d_e; mn~Jt~·~i~aalSJ ~;t.- le ·6.'iA ta:2~,. .., !l.~.f"OJ' Ilt­
·ª1" t1ff1}~ W~a ~ ,~:mfm:enw' ~, mQtaafat 'tó~ W.v<ll~~ 4t:' ~fA ~n:, l•
{ólmílhtQi~.• li.dc'~Whü~ ~rn,ye la- aéé)i/tál»lid$1:~g,t.

·m~ant'tfña, lc':di\Ye• :•~wiua ttt~- 'f~ll~~ ·fptt~míU4 • ~~,

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\SO~ 'mlte-i(mml'ts ,$()a.s-,s:•~·~*~~t~~rc~ ~ '~~l'ÍtmJJb:~i'OW:l1i
FIGURA~: CANTIDAD DE AGUA AÑADIDA CON RESPECTO ALA
PROTEINA DE ~OYA ADICIONADA ALA SALCHICHA TIPO
HUACHO

20 JO 50

Proteína de soya texturizada (%)

+ 1% concentrado + 3% concentrado 5% concentrado + 1% concentrado

'l',ptoMiilá te~& de .soJil Sñll. '1/;y~ 40'! ' 5DPÁJ lif~~íl--m.. .M E~lD.,

dl<i'
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en~vl»idóte'S' ·~l'üé ;iñdí.Gima pr4&íe»oías ;par ll.atnh~sas ie p.Qitct~ ~~
mntgñm, i&fi. 8~Dt'Wi~1rtaJ«•~·

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tma;.~$ Ml~tll- d.tt' Jl! ~- ~~ ~l tuct~m ~ ~s ~m~ ·~­
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 75

FIGURA 10: RENDIMIENTOS DESPUES DE LA COCCION

EN SALCHICHAS TIPO BUACHO CON 30% DE
PROTEINA TEXTURIZADA DE SOYA Y ADICION DE
CARRAGENINA Y/0 CONCENTRADO FUNCIONAL DE
SOYA

• O%Concentrado-O%Carragenina • O%Concentrado-0,5%Carragenina
C 3%Concentrado-O%Carragenina El 3%Concentrado-0,5%Carragenina
Klk:~~
r;Jt:;. ~lf~, J'a~~t~IegliJ ~a~ d~ :Qe ~:•doS~ 4~, !~ d~! ·~~
Asbismn ~n l~ -Plpm, 111 ~ 0b.s enra :qJ& ta :mll~:iiltt &: .W : 'l:ló cm~me111liid&:
time:~ ñ~my.~n_(j)\ ilmf~m~nta;Ia dJlf~?d:~fg salf.thi~b& ·~· UllB~:a~30~6·
~~W-t~rna ·f~~• d~ ~~' 1:~u~nt~e~rd9: ,~JJ" ~e~ 'ªª~~ c~,mq h
tl~ttrJíj¡.é\1: e1lítsts.·~mal~~mtD f,!Q_Ulittll\t'l!{fill~

L~S' Jt•ultai!lés, .ae la. e~ihm ~mal ~uatt<r

{Qaut~n~ eB :mtdtl•'hu lit» Hila~lm~-~md~Ipí'a:j~'~ttaliua) lla. idUGei;t

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t1Diltienen ·e.ocse~~ :tlm:~ltttJali .Oe-~~. Pl\ít ft: ·*{M'se .11~ ~ir.qwk:d~i!Ja
-d~ ~- ~· d~- '' * ~,~ ar; in~Qil•tA -~1 ~r .1 :~fª mfiWl'hi~"
sigttlleaf~am~~§"P~~•l@ml:J/~bik '® -;~Jll'enta!adut~~~~
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~ (Fi~ lll., :~iP- Wt'bug0). l~, ~ n(;): --.a~ .ac Jli~- 'M·
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.....uln~1iJals! n~->>=-"
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l•.s miimfimnD.s:.,

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qoo rC :I1ü1Hlé ~emttaito sejústñiea;p mtlls,saletnélüDitipalJiiaeho~ .ttelJi~ a
QJÍ~ ~Q< ·~··t~~ttfl"h1~ltm:ia~t-eunm.:ms.~i1Jlilli~~.s;~A l~s~mms.~Jlls
d~~ª~~t\i:g¿. ;Dim.~iQ~~ti~~~n lª ~Biéli~~Pf~., Fo~~f4ft
{'~~ mfteitiMti*íp,éilas ~pjitJ¡m~ refentJ:tos esta&iiliUñm$ eAisalla~
 77

FIGURA 11: TEXTURA DE SALCIDCHAS TIPO

HUACHO CON 30% DE PROTEINA
TEXTURIZADA DE SOYA V ADICION DE
CARRAGENINA Y/0 CONCENTRADO
FUNCIONAL DE SOYA

14

12

eE
CD 10
.,
"C

•E
..,ü
-·a
"C
e
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8

6
1!
1D
e
cu
D. 4

O.% Concentrado- O%Concentrado- 3%Concentrado- 3%Concentrado-

O%Carragenina 0 ,5%Carragenina O%Carragenina 0,5%Carragenina
 78

FIGURA 12: ACEPTABILIDAD GENERAL DE LAS

SALCIDCHAS TIPO HUACHO ELABORADAS CON
PROTEINA TEXTURIZADA DE SOYA, CARRAGENINA
Y/0 CONCENTRADO FUNCIONAL DE SOYA

Tratamientos

1!1 0% Carragenina - 0% Concentrado • 0% Carragenina - 3% Concentrado

O O,S%Carragenina -3% Concentrado mi O,S%Carragenina - 0% Concentrado
 '81

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~ ~d. ~ J~lm.sta: Sfi~, ~ ltkfi'e:Mttüll.fi'le)tl).t .»4_pta.b~ .,hiGA ·.&¡Wf:
mót(ml~ §ipifi.~'tivtt. 'm ftl t~ d~1.111:rm~~ ·~ma ,~ .Qt;,~ '~. l'ª r-~
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!v~.m..camm~la.~J*ll!~•~~~•SJ~~Bua~Jm. a>D~~r ;~,.
FIGURA 13: RENDIMIENTOS DESPUES DE LA COCCION DE SALCHICHAS
TIPO HUACHO CON 30% DE PROTEINA TEXTURIZADA, 3% DE
CONCENTRADO FUNCIONAL DE SOYA Y DIFERENTES
CONCENTRACIONES DE PELLEJO DE CERDO DESGRASADO

1!1 O% Pellejo de cerdo-20%grasa • 5%Pellejo de cerdo-15%grasa

O 1O% Pellejo de cerdo-20%grasa m15%Pellejo de cerdo-5%grasa
 B.3

FIGURA 14: TEXTURA DE SALCHICHAS TIPO HUACHO

CON PELLEJO DE CERDO DESGRASADO

8%Pellejo 5%PeRe]e 16%Pelleje 15%Pelle]o

 84

FIGURA 15: ACEPTABILIDAD GENERAL DE SALCHICHAS TIPO

HUACHO CON PELLEJO DE CERDO DESGRASADO

90

50

40

Ri. 30

20

10

Tratamientos

EIO%Pellejo-20%grasa • 5%Pellejo-15%grasa
e 1O%Pellejo-1 O%grasa lili15%Pellejo-5%grasa
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 FIGURA 16: VARIACIONES DEL pH EN LAS SALCHICHAS
TIPO HUACHO TRADICIONAL Y BAJA EN GRASA

~ 5 +---------------------------4

4.8 +------------~-------~~------{

4 .6 + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

4 .4 - l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

4.2 + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

o 4 8 12
Tiempo (dlas)

1--+- Tradicional - - Baja en grasa 1

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fll'e ;s e ved rea..eiAí~tJ~;.t;~.~;~.

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n..c::---
 FIGURA 17: VARIACIONES DEL INDICE DE
PEROXIDO EN SALCHICHAS TIPO HUACHO
TRADICIONAL Y BAJA EN GRASA

•
-~ 4+-------------------------------------~
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0+-----------~------------~-----------4
o 4 8 12

tiempo (dfas)

--+--Tradicional - Baja en grasa

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al~nllS'Iau•~Qf.lb:~~~l®~ua~; .(M,~~~ lfl.ftfi • Jflr~lllqJ;l~.
' '
 FIGURA 18: VARIACIONES DEL INDICE DE
ACIDEZ EN LAS SALCIDCHAS TIPO
HUACHO TRADICIONAL Y BAJA EN GRASA

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 95

FIGURA 19: VARIACIONES DEL INDICE DE

IODO EN LAS SALCHICHAS TIPO HUACHO
TRADICIONAL Y BA.JA EN GRASA

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 )2.1

CUADROD-4: ~:}LUENCIA DE LA ADICIÓN DE l% DE CARRAGENINA

Y DIFERE!S r:ES PQ:Q.<JJ;NJA.JES DE PRO"EEÍNA DE SOYA
TE~IliRIZADA EN L()S :RENDIMIENTOS DESPUÉS DE LA
COCCIÓS DE SAI..EBICHAS TIPO HUACBO

Factor en estUdio == Rendimiento después de la ceeciórt (o/0)

lfl

8;3,,2(]
..
'. - --~~
__ =¡_

Aná:Usis d~ varlan~ia

G.L
:3 . ', 16Ji~
;l'
:.Euot
1

Variable dependiente -Rendimiento despues de la cocción (%)

a.=O,Ol
Fe < F tab ~ No existen diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos
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.C IIADitO ll-7·: .I NFL"tl'ENCIADE LA ADICIÓN DE 1% DE CONC.:ENT:RADO
FUNClO:NAL .D E $0TA Y .DIFERENIES. PO:RCENTAJES DE
PROTEÍNA DE SO:YA TEX.TUIUZADA EN LOS
SEND~~"'TO$ DESPUÉS. PE L~ COC<;IÓ:N PE
SALCIDCBAS TIPO HUÁCBO

Factor en estudio = Rendimiento después de la coeción (%)

_.·_,#.,s-·oc\-
YL-~
.

~ 1'1 1.3.8 .

Análisis de Ya.r iancia

''7

Variable d~pendfente =Rendimiento después de 1a cocción (%)

a=o~ot

Fe > F tab ~ Existen diferencias significativas

.O nJenamieJito de promediQs s.egú:n Dnn:cam

T.~l7 == 75,?25o/O'
TlS =75,32%
T HJ = 82,4!8%
no = -85,69%
* No existen diferencias sigpificativas entre: Tl1 y T18; T19 y T20~
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