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Sistemas de Comunicacion
Una señal se define formalmente como la función de una o mas variables que transportan
información acerca de la naturaleza de un fenómeno físico.
𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑎
𝑆𝑒ñ𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜
𝑝(𝑡) = 𝑥 2 (𝑡)
∞
𝐸 = lim ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑇 →∞ −∞
𝑇
1 2
𝑃 = lim ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑇 →∞ 𝑇 −𝑇
2
𝑇
1 2
𝑃 = ∫ 𝑥 2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑇 −𝑇
2
𝐸 = ∑ 𝑥 2 [𝑛]
𝑛→−∞
𝑁−1
1
𝑝 = lim ∑ 𝑥 2 [𝑛]
𝑁→∞ 2𝑁
𝑛=0
Nota: señales periódicas y aleatorias suelen verse como señales de potencia, señales
deterministas como no periódicas son señales de energía.
∞
𝐸 = ∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡
−∞
∞
𝐸 = ∫ |2𝑒 −𝑡 |2 𝑑𝑡
0
∞
𝐸 = 4 ∫ 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0
𝑒 −2𝑡 ∞
𝐸 = 4( )
(−2) 0
𝑒 −2∗∞ 𝑒 −2∗0
𝐸 = [4 ( )] − [( )] = 2
(−2) (−2)
1 𝑇
𝑃= ∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0
1 1 3
𝑃 = {[−22 𝑡] + [22 𝑡] }
4 0 2
𝑃=2
1. Códigos en Matlab
warning('off','all')
syms t n
T = pi;
Wo = 2;
f = sin(t);
Ao = vpa((1/T)*int(f,t,[0 T]));
disp('valor de Ao')
disp(Ao)
An = (2/T)*int((1/2)*(sin(t+2*n*t)+sin(t-2*n*t)),t,[0 T])
disp('Valor de An')
An1 = sym(strrep(char(An),'cos(n*pi)','(-1)^n'))
pretty(An1)
Bn = (2/T)*int((1/2)*(cos(t-2*n*t)-cos(t+2*n*t)),t,[0 T]);
disp('Valor de Bn')
Bn1 = sym(strrep(char(Bn),'sin(2*n*pi)','0'));
pretty(Bn1)
Valor de Ao
0.63661977236758138243288840385503
An =
-(5734161139222659*cos(pi*n)^2)/(4503599627370496*(4*n^2 - 1))
Valor de An
An1 =
-(5734161139222659*(-1)^(2*n))/(18014398509481984*n^2 - 4503599627370496)
2 n
(-1) 5734161139222659
- ---------------------------------------
18014398509481984 n - 4503599627370496
Valor de Bn
2. Grafica
t = [0:0.001:3*pi];
Wo = 2;
plot(t,abs(sin(t)),'LineWidth',2)
hold on
k = 10;
s = 0;
s = s + 0.63661977236758138243288840385503;
for n=1:k
p= (-(5734161139222659*(-1)^(2*n))/(18014398509481984*n^2 -
4503599627370496)).*cos(n*t*Wo);
s = s+p;
plot(t,s)
pause(2)
end
Codigo 2, Onda Cuadrada
warning('off','all')
syms t n T K
Wo = (2*pi)/T;
Ao = (1/T)*int(1,t,[0 T]);
disp('Valor de Ao')
disp(Ao)
An = (2/T)*(int(1*cos(n*Wo*t),t,[0 T/2])+int(-1*cos(n*Wo*t),t,[T/2 T]));
pretty(An)
An1 = sym(strrep(char(An),'sin(n*pi)','0'));
An1 = sym(strrep(char(An1),'sin(2*n*pi)','0'));
disp('Valor de An')
disp(An1)
pretty(An1)
Bn = (2/T)*(int(1*sin(n*Wo*t),t,[0 T/2])+int(-1*sin(n*Wo*t),t,[T/2 T]));
Bn1 = sym(strrep(char(Bn),'cos(2*n*pi)','1'));
Bn2 = sym(strrep(char(Bn1),'cos(n*pi)','(-1)^n'));
Bn3 = sym(strrep(char(Bn2),'sin((n*pi)/2)','((-1)^(n-1)/2)'));
Bn4 = simplify(Bn3);
disp('Valor de Bn')
disp(Bn)
pretty(Bn)
pretty(Bn4)
Valor de Ao
| --------------------------- + ----------- | 2
\ 2 n pi 2 n pi /
-----------------------------------------------
Valor de An
Valor de Bn
/ / pi n \2 \
| T sin| ---- | |
| -------------- - --------------------------- | 2
\ n pi 2 n pi /
--------------------------------------------------
2 n n
(-1) - 2 (-1) + 2
---------------------
2 n pi
Grafica
t = 0:0.001:6*pi;
T = 2*pi;
Wo = (2*pi)/T;
f = 1*square(2*pi*(1/T)*t, 50);
plot(t,f,'r','linewidth',2)
hold on
k = 50;
s=0;
for n=1:k
p = ((5734161139222659*sin((pi*n)/2)^2)/(9007199254740992*n) -
(5734161139222659*(cos(pi*n) - 2*cos(pi*n)^2 +
1))/(18014398509481984*n)).*sin(n*t);
s = s+p;
plot(t,s)
pause(1)
end
warning('off','all')
syms t n
T = 2*pi;
f = t;
Wo = (2*pi)/T;
Ao = (1/T)*int(f,t,[-pi/2 pi/2]);
disp('Valor de Ao')
disp(Ao)
An = (2/T)*int(f*cos(n*Wo*t),t,[-pi/2 pi/2]);
pretty(An)
An1 = sym(strrep(char(An),'sin(n*pi)','0'));
An1 = sym(strrep(char(An1),'sin(2*n*pi)','0'));
disp('Valor de An')
disp(An1)
pretty(An1)
Bn = (2/T)*(int(f*sin(n*Wo*t),t,[-pi/2 pi/2]));
Bn1 = sym(strrep(char(Bn),'cos(2*n*pi)','1'));
Bn2 = sym(strrep(char(Bn1),'cos(n*pi)','(-1)^n'));
Bn3 = sym(strrep(char(Bn2),'sin((n*pi)/2)','((-1)^(n-1)/2)'));
Bn4 = sym(strrep(char(Bn3),'sin(n*pi)','0'));
Bn5 = sym(strrep(char(Bn4),'cos((n*pi)/2)','((-1)^n/2)'));
Bn6 = simplify(Bn5);
disp('Valor de Bn')
disp(Bn)
pretty(Bn)
pretty(Bn6)
Valor de Ao
Valor de An
Valor de Bn
(5734161139222659*(sin((pi*n)/2) -
(n*pi*cos((pi*n)/2))/2))/(9007199254740992*n^2)
warning('off','all')
syms t n
T = 2*pi;
f = t;
Wo = (2*pi)/T;
Ao = (1/T)*int(f,t,[-pi pi]);
disp('Valor de Ao')
disp(Ao)
An = (2/T)*int(f*cos(n*Wo*t),t,[-pi pi]);
pretty(An)
An1 = sym(strrep(char(An),'sin(n*pi)','0'));
An1 = sym(strrep(char(An1),'sin(2*n*pi)','0'));
disp('Valor de An')
disp(An1)
pretty(An1)
Bn = (2/T)*(int(f*sin(n*Wo*t),t,[-pi pi]));
Bn1 = sym(strrep(char(Bn),'cos(2*n*pi)','1'));
Bn2 = sym(strrep(char(Bn1),'cos(n*pi)','(-1)^n'));
Bn3 = sym(strrep(char(Bn2),'sin((n*pi)/2)','((-1)^(n-1)/2)'));
Bn4 = sym(strrep(char(Bn3),'sin(n*pi)','0'));
Bn5 = sym(strrep(char(Bn4),'cos((n*pi)/2)','((-1)^n/2)'));
Bn6 = simplify(Bn5);
disp('Valor de Bn')
disp(Bn)
pretty(Bn)
pretty(Bn6)
Valor de Ao
Valor de An
Valor de Bn
(5734161139222659*(sin(pi*n) - n*pi*cos(pi*n)))/(9007199254740992*n^2)
t = 0:0.001:6*pi;
T = 2*pi;
Wo = (2*pi)/T;
k = 20;
s=0;
for n=1:k
p = ((5734161139222659*(sin(pi*n) -
n*pi*cos(pi*n)))/(9007199254740992*n^2)).*sin(n*t);
s = s+p;
plot(t,s)
pause(1)
end
Conclusiones