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Gustavo Nouel-Borges
Biominbloq CA
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Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
in the development of power systems based on preserved fodder legumes, grasses and intensive grazing and strategic supplementation of dairy cattle and goats View
project
Desarrollo de Sistemas de Alimentación con Rumiantes con recursos locales en el marco de una Economía Cicular y de Reciclaje de Nutrientes View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Gustavo Nouel-Borges on 27 August 2018.
En el cuadro anexo, se presentan las superficies a ser cultivadas (m2 por vaca al
año), de cada tipo de vegetal, a fin de satisfacer las necesidades de energía, proteína y
buena parte de vitaminas y algunos minerales para vacas con potencial para producir 12 y
20 litros por día, con lactaciones (305 días) de 3660 a 6100 litros. Son valores
referenciales generales, ya que estos variarán con el peso, raza, clima y manejo de los
animales, con los cuales se afectan los requerimientos de nutrientes para producir. Al
mismo tiempo, se presentan las superficies a cultivar para rebaños de 25 vacas en
producción para ambos niveles de producción lácteas (12 y 20 lt/vaca/día)
Alternatives are needed that allow access to quality nutrients to meet the needs of
proteins, energy, minerals and vitamins to achieve levels of production appropriate to the
breed or miscegenation that has and obtain fair use. For this purpose, it is stated that in
order to have a herd or unit of sustainable production, with access and uniform supply of
food to the herd, it must be converted or reconverted to the production process giving
priority to the cultivation of forage grasses, forage legumes or grain, cereals and / or roots
and tubers. Among the species proposed, in a first stage, there are: Forage grasses such as
Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum c.v .. Mombaza, Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda),
Pennisetum purpureum (Elephants); Legumes: Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena),
Gliricidia sepium (Mataraton), Neonotonia wightii (Soya forage), Cajanus cajan
(Quinchoncho, pigeon pea), Vigna unguiculata (Bean, cow bean), Glycine max (Soya);
Energy: corn, sorghum, yucca and sweet potato to be silage.
In the annexed table, the surfaces to be cultivated (m2 per cow per year) of each
type of vegetable are presented, in order to satisfy the needs of energy, protein and a
good part of vitamins and some minerals for cows with potential to produce 12 and 20
liters per day, with lactations (305 days) from 3660 to 6100 liters. They are general
referential values, since these will vary with the weight, race, climate and management of
the animals, with which the nutrient requirements to produce are affected. At the same
time, the surfaces to be cultivated are presented for herds of 25 cows in production for
both milk production levels (12 and 20 lt / cow / day)
Realized by Gustavo Nouel-Borges, Ing. Agr., PhD. Cabudare August 27, 2018.
Contact at cabrasdevillaraure@gmail.com
Superficie y Cantidades de Vegetales requeridos bajo cultivo intensivo para una dieta de Vacas Lecheras
32,5% 30 % 32,5%
Peso Vaca %PVCMS kg MS/día kg MS/año gramínea leguminosa energía
Vaca 20 lt/día 525 4,25 22,31 8144 2646,82 2443,22 2646,82
Vaca 12 lt/día 475 4,5 21,38 7802 2535,61 2340,56 2535,61
ración 95% vegetal y 5% suplemento mineral-proteico-graso
kg Vaca 20 rebaño 25 rebaño 25
Gramíneas forrajeras kg MS/ha/año MS/m2/año lt/día vacas Vaca 12 lt/día vacas
Brachiaria brizantha 55000 5,5 481 12031 461 11525
Panicum maximum c.v.. Mombaza 65000 6,5 407 10180 390 9752
Cynodon dactylon (Bermudas) 60000 6 441 11028 423 10565
Pennisetum purpureum (Elefantes) 75000 7,5 353 8823 338 8452
m2/animal m2/rebaño 25 m2/animal m2/rebaño 25
kg Vaca 20 rebaño 25 rebaño 25
Leguminosas kg MS/ha/año MS/m2/año lt/día vacas Vaca 12 lt/día vacas
Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena) 20000 2 1222 30540 1170 29257
Gliricidia sepium (Mataraton) 19000 1,9 1286 32148 1232 30797
Neonotonia wightii (Soya forrajera) 15000 1,5 1629 40720 1560 39009
Cajanus cajan (Quinchoncho, guandul) 17500 1,75 1396 34903 1337 33437
Vigna unguiculata (Frijol, frijol de vaca) 23500 2,35 1040 25992 996 24900
Glycine max (Soya) 13500 1,35 1810 45245 1734 43344
m2/animal m2/rebaño 25 m2/animal m2/rebaño 25
kg Vaca 20 rebaño 25 rebaño 25
Energía kg MS/ha/año MS/m2/año lt/día vacas Vaca 12 lt/día vacas
Silo maíz 32000 3,2 827 20678 792 19809
Silo sorgo 35000 3,5 756 18906 724 18111
Silo yuca 28500 2,85 929 23218 890 22242
Silo batata 25000 2,5 1059 26468 1014 25356
m2/animal m2/rebaño 25 m2/animal m2/rebaño 25
MS: materia seca. %PVCMS: porcentaje del peso vivo consumido en materia seca
Cálculos referenciales. Lactaciones de 305 días; todo variando con la raza de vaca, el clima y el manejo
Realizado por Gustavo Nouel-Borges, Ing. Agr., PhD. Cabudare 27 de agosto de 2018
Surface and Quantities of Vegetables required under intensive cultivation for Diets of Dairy Cows
30% 32,5%
Cow weight % PLWCDM kg DM/day kg DM/year 32,5% grass legume energy
Cow 20 lt/day 525 4,25 22,31 8144 2646,82 2443,22 2646,82
Cow 12 lt/day 475 4,5 21,38 7802 2535,61 2340,56 2535,61
95% vegetable and 5% mineral-protein-fatty supplement
kg Cow 12 Flock 25
Forage Grasses DM/ha/year kg DM/m2/year Cow 20 lt/day Flock 25 cows lt/day cows
Brachiaria brizantha 55000 5,5 481 12031 461 11525
Panicum maximum c.v.. Mombaza 65000 6,5 407 10180 390 9752
Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda) 60000 6 441 11028 423 10565
Pennisetum purpureum (Elefant) 75000 7,5 353 8823 338 8452
m2 / herd
m2/animal m2 / herd 25 m2/animal 25
kg Cow 12 Flock 25
Legumes DM/ha/year kg DM/m2/year Cow 20 lt/day Flock 25 cows lt/day cows
Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena) 20000 2 1222 30540 1170 29257
Gliricidia sepium (Matarraton) 19000 1,9 1286 32148 1232 30797
Neonotonia wightii (Fodder soy) 15000 1,5 1629 40720 1560 39009
Cajanus cajan (Quinchoncho, guandul) 17500 1,75 1396 34903 1337 33437
Vigna unguiculata (Bean, cowpea) 23500 2,35 1040 25992 996 24900
Glycine max (Soy) 13500 1,35 1810 45245 1734 43344
2
m / herd
m2/animal m2 / herd 25 m2/animal 25
kg Cow 12 Flock 25
Energy DM/ha/year kg DM/m2/year Cow 20 lt/day Flock 25 cows lt/day cows
Silage Corn 32000 3,2 827 20678 792 19809
Silage Sorghum 35000 3,5 756 18906 724 18111
Silage Yucca 28500 2,85 929 23218 890 22242
Silo sweet potato 25000 2,5 1059 26468 1014 25356
m2 / herd
m2/animal m2 / herd 25 m2/animal 25
DM: dry matter. %PLWCDM: percentage of live weight consumed in dry matter
Referential calculations. Lactations of 305 days; everything varying with the cow breed, climate and management
Realized by Gustavo Nouel-Borges, Agr. Eng., PhD. Cabudare, August 27, 2018
Vaca produciendo 12 lt de leche diario (kg MS anual)