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LOGARITMOS
A. Introducción Teoría
A.1. Definición de logaritmo.
A.4. Propiedades.
B. Ejercicios resueltos
A. INTRODUCCIÓN TEÓRICA
y
x = b ⇔ y = log x
b
Ejemplo:
y
log 2 16 = 4 , ya que 16 = 2 ⇔ y = log 2 16 = 4
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Logaritmos resueltos TIMONMATE
A.4 Propiedades:
M VI. a log a b = b
III. log a = log a M − log a N
N
B. EJERCICOS RESUELTOS
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TIMONMATE Logaritmos resueltos
2
5. log 10 (5 log 10 100) = 2 log 10 ( 5 log 10 100) = 2 log 10 ( 5 log 10 10 2 ) =
= 2 log 10 (5 ⋅ 2 log 10 10) = 2 log 10 10 = 2
10
1 1
6. log 32 = log 1 2 = log 1 2 2 = 10 ⋅ log 1 2 2 = 10
5
22 22
2
22
82
⋅
1 3
+1
8 3 5 3
7. log 9 3 ⋅ 5 27 = log 1 3 ⋅ (3 )
3 5
= log 1 3 5
= log 3 3 = log 3 3 2 =
5
3
3⋅3 2 32
+1
32 32
16 3 16
= log 3 3 2 =
15 32 15
1
1
8. log 2 5 2 + log 2 8 + log 2 = log 2 2 5 + log 2 2 3 + log 2 2−2 =
4
1 1 6
= log 2 2 + 3 log 2 2 − 2 log 2 2 = + 3 − 2 =
5 5 5
1
1
9. ln 1 + ln e + ln e 3 + ln 3 e + ln = = 0 + 1 + 3 ln e + ln e 3 + ln e−1 =
e
1
10. log 810 + log 0, 03 + log 5 , si log 3 ≈ 0,477
9
1
1 3
log 810 + log 0, 03 + log 5 = log (3 4 ⋅ 10) + log + log (3−2 )5 =
9 100
2 2
= 4 log 3 + log 10 + log 3 − log 10 2 − log 3 = 4 log 3 + 1 + log 3 − 2 − log 3 =
5 5
23
= log 3 − 1 = 2, 1942 − 1 = 1, 1942
5
0, 25 1, 6
11. log 5 0, 04 + log 3 + log , si log 2 ≈ 0,301
8 5
0, 25 1, 6
log 5 0, 04 + log 3 + log =
8 5
1 1
2 3 4 2
1 5 2
2 2 5
= log + log 1003
+ log 10 =
100 2 5
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Logaritmos resueltos TIMONMATE
5 2 2 4
1 2 1 2
1
= log + log 3 + log 10 =
100
5 100 3 2 2 5
1 1 52 1 24
= (log 2 2 − log 10 2 ) + log − log 2 3 + log − log 5 =
5 3 100 2
10
1 1 10 1 10
= (2 log 2 − 2 log 10) + 2 log − 2 log 10 − 3 log 2 + 4 log 2 − log 10 − log =
5 3 2 2 2
1 1 1
= (2 log 2 − 2) + 2 (1 − log 2) − 2 − 3 log 2 + 4 log 2 − 1 − (1 − log 2) =
5 3 2
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 7 7
= log 2 − + − log 2 − − log 2 + 2 log 2 − − − log 2 = − + log 2 =
5 5 3 3 3 2 2 2 5 30
7 7
= − + log 2 = −1, 33
5 30
1
1 6
3
a a2 1 6
12. log a a 5 a + log 1 = log a a ⋅ a 5 + log 1 6
3
= log a a 5
+ log 1 =
a a a a a a
6 1 41
= + =
5 6 30
1 b
13. log a−b 3 + log a + log a+b a + b =
a−b b a
−1
1 a 1
= log a−b (a − b)3 + log a + log a+b (a + b)2 =
b b
1 a 1 1 1 1
= log a−b (a − b) − log a + log a+b (a + b) = − 1 + = −
3 b b
2 3 2 6
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TIMONMATE Logaritmos resueltos
−1
1 b −
1 a
log a−b + log a log a−b (a − b) 2 + log a
a−b b a b b
15. = 1
=
log a+b a + b log (a + b)2 a+b
1 a
− log a−b (a − b) − log a − 1 − 1
2
b b
= = 2 = −3
1 1
log a+b (a + b)
2 2
1 1
log 2 5 8 + log 2 16 + log 2 log ( 2 )
3 5
+ log 2 2 4 + log 2 2−3
16. 8= 2
=
2 log 2 4 − 3 log 2 2 log 2 4 2 − log 2 2 3
3 3
log 2 2 5 + 4 log 2 2 − 3 log 2 2 5 + 4 − 3 8
= = =
4 log 2 2 − 3 log 2 2 4−3 5
2 1 25
log 2 8 + log 2 log 2 − log 2
17.
25 − 5 8 =
log 2 40 − log 2 10 log 2 2 + log 2 4
log 2 2 3 + (log 2 2 − log 2 5 2 ) log 2 5−1 − (log 2 52 − log 2 2 3 )
= − =
(log 2 5 + log 2 2 3 ) −(log 2 5 + log 2 2) log 2 2 + log 2 2 2
log b 2 = 4
7, 2 3 ⋅ 0, 006−2
18. log b . Datos: log 3 = 2
25 ⋅ 3, 2 4 b
log b 5 = −3
7, 2 3 ⋅ 0, 006−2
log b = log b (7, 2 3 ⋅ 0, 006−2 ) − log b ( 25 ⋅ 3, 2 4 ) =
25 ⋅ 3, 2 4
2 2 ⋅ 32
3
3
−2 2 4
4
= log b
+ log b 2 3 − log b (5 ) + log b =
2
5 2 ⋅5 5
= 3[ 2 log b 2 + 2 log b 3 − log b 5]− 2 [ log b 3 − 2 log b 2 − 3 log b 5]−
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Logaritmos resueltos TIMONMATE
1
21. log 625 25 = x ⇒ 625 x = 25 ⇒ 5 4 x = 5 2 ⇒ 4x = 2 ⇒ x =
2
1 2
22. log 32 0, 25 = x ⇒ 32 x = 0, 25 ⇒ 2 5x = ⇒ 2 5x = 2−2 ⇒ 5x = −2 ⇒ x = −
4 5
5
1 1 1 5
23. log x 2 = ⇒ x 5 = 2 ⇒ x 5 = 2 5 ⇒ x 5 = 2 5 ⇒ x = 32
5
x⋅ y
24. log a = log a x ⋅ y − log a z = log a x + log a y − log a z
z
2
x x
25. log a = 2 log a = 2 (log a x − log a y)
y y
x⋅ y
26. log a = log a x ⋅ y − log a z = log a x + log a y − log a z
z
1
x3 y
27. log a = log a x 3 y − log a z = log a x 3 + log a y − log a z 2 =
z
1
= 3 log a x + log a y − log a z
2
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TIMONMATE Logaritmos resueltos
2
x x xy y3
28. log (xy) − 2 log = log (xy) − log = log 2 = log
y y x x
2
y
2
29. 2 ln (a − b) − ln (a 2 − b2 ) = ln (a − b) − ln (a + b)(a − b) =
2
2 (a − b) a − b
= ln (a − b) − ln (a + b)(a − b) = ln = ln
(a + b) (a − b) a + b
1
4
a−b 1 a − b
4 a − b a − b 4 2
− log 2 = −
30. 4 log 2
a 2 a
log
a
2 log 2 a =
2
2 2 (a − b) a 2 (a − b)2
(a − b) a − b a4
= log 2 − log 2 = log 2 = log 2 4 =
2
a4 a (a − b)2 a ( a − b)
a 2
1
log 2 2 = log 2 (a−2 )
a
1
1
31. 2 log 5 (x) − log 5 (b) + (x + 2) log 5 (7 ) = log 5 x − log 5 b 3 + log 5 7 x+2 =
2
3
x 2
x 2 ⋅ 7 x+ 2 x 2 ⋅ 7 x+2
= log 5 1 + log 5 7 x+2 = log 5 1 = log 5 3
b
b3 b3
a b c ay a b /c ay
32. log + log + log − log = log ⋅ ⋅ − log =
b c d xd b /c d xd
a a
cd x
a
ay
= log − log = log = log = log
cd
cd xd ay ay cy
xd xd
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Logaritmos resueltos TIMONMATE
x 1 x 2 y
33. log 2 (xy) − log 2 2 + log 2 =
y 2 2
xy x 2 y x 2 y x 2 y 4
= log 2 + log 2 = log 2 y 3 = log 2
x 2 2 2
2
y
TEMAS RELACIONADOS
• Ecuaciones logarítmicas.
• Ecuaciones exponenciales.
***
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