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Arquitectura e Identidad Local PDF
Arquitectura e Identidad Local PDF
Mairea Libros
Seminario Internacional
International Seminar
Mairea Libros
Editado por:
Alejandro García Hermida
Diseño:
Helena García Hermida
ISBN: 978-84-943132-3-3
Depósito Legal: M-29351-2014
Impresión:
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San Romualdo, 26
28037 Madrid
Impreso en España – Printed in Spain
Agradecimientos
Acknowledgements
Alejandro García Hermida
Working for the Restoration of Tradi- La identidad local como valor universal Arquitectura e identidad local: El
tional Architectural Knowledge in Spain Local identity as universal value Schwarzman College en la Universidad
Alejandro García Hermida.................12 Javier Cenicacelaya............................41 Tsinghua de Pekín
Architecture and Local Identity:
Arquitectura Duradera La angustia del Arquitecto Vanguardista Schwarzman College at Tsinghua Uni-
Maurice Culot...................................19 Angst of the Modernist Architect versity in Beijing
Alireza Sagarchi.................................45 Melissa DelVecchio............................62
El Premio Rafael Manzano Martos
Rafael Manzano Martos Prize...............26 Tradición: el tratamiento para la arqui- Reintegrando dos barrios en Madrid y
tectura y las ciudades Palermo
El Premio Richard H. Driehaus Tradition: the treatment for architecture Reintegrating two urban quarters in
Richard H. Driehaus Prize....................29 and cities Madrid and Palermo
Pier Carlo Bontempi..........................49 Samir Younés, Ettore Mazzola y Alejan-
Programa del Seminario dro García Hermida..........................66
Seminar Program................................31 El Plan Nacional de Arquitectura
Tradicional Patrimonio y azar: Trabajos de res-
La pinceladura. Una modalidad pictóri- The National Plan of Traditional Archi- tauración de las iglesias de pizarra de
ca inédita tecture la Comarca de la Arquitectura Negra
The pinceladura. Un unpublished picto- Fernando Vela Cossío........................53 (Guadalajara)
rial form Heritage and fate: Restoration works of
Leopoldo Gil Cornet.........................33 Tradición y contemporaneidad the slate churches of the Black Architec-
Tradition and contemporaneity ture Region (Guadalajara)
La recuperación de las casas de la José Baganha......................................58 Julio Jesús Palomino..........................72
judería en el centro histórico de Sevilla
1974-2012
The Recovery of the Houses of the
Jewish Quarter in the Historic Center
of Seville 1974-2012
Luis Fernando Gómez-Stern..............37
Arquitectura de tierra en Hadramut La Arquitectura Neoclásica en Grecia:
(Yemen del Sur): Proyectos recientes del Arquitectura y Unidad Urbana en una
2014 Época de Agitación Política y Austeri-
Earth Architecture in Hadramut (South dad Económica
Yemen): Recent Projects 2014 Neoclassical Architecture in Greece:
Salma Samar Damluji........................76 Architecture and Urban Unity in an
Age of Political Turmoil and Economic
Materiales y sistemas constructivos Austerity
tradicionales: El aprendizaje para la Michael Lykoudis..............................94
arquitectura contemporánea
Traditional materials and building
techniques: Learning for contemporary
architecture
José Luis García Grinda.....................80
11
Trabajando para la restauración del saber arquitectónico tradicional en España
Working for the Restoration of Traditional Architectural Knowledge in Spain
Alejandro García Hermida
13
of the School of Architecture of the Uni- same direction. People such as Laurent
versidad Politécnica de Madrid, we have Coquemont, whose tireless independent
organized many activities mainly focused teaching activities are developed all over
on education. This is our third confer- our country, Julio Jesús Palomino and
ence, the third time we gather a wonder- his effort, along with Manuel Fortea, to
ful group of traditional architecture and spread the contemporary use of timbrel
urbanism practitioners and promoters vaulting, Camila Mileto and Fernando
and a marvelous group of attendees -to- Vegas and the countless activities they
taling more than 300- willing to know drive from Valencia, Enrique Nuere
about their work. Besides, in June we Matauco, who has revived the Mudejar
organized a traditional architecture and ceilings tradition, José Carlos Palacios,
urbanism design workshop, the first one working to give new life to stonema-
in Spain. Leaded by the experience of sonry, José Luis García Grinda, leading
Samir Younés and helped by the great numerous works and researches on
skills of Alejandra Gutzeit, Carmen Bue- this field, Donald Gray and the work
no, Mark Santrach, Javier de Mingo and he developed from the Arts and Crafts
all the participants, we developed in less School of Lebrija, Javier De Cárdenas
than a week a powerful alternative pro- y Chávarri and the multiple activities
posal for the area of Plaza de la Cebada, and events he has organized, and many
in the city center of Madrid, now threat- other professors and practitioners who
ened by the construction of a huge shop- are here and there restoring or trying to
ping mall on this site. The spread and restore diverse architectural and build-
continuity of this kind of activities will ing traditions.
surely improve the described situation.
Talleres de Terrachidia en el oasis de A pioneer role was the one played by
M’Hamid (Zagora, Marruecos), 2013 But, fortunately, the Rafael Manzano the Centro de Investigación de Arqui-
Prize is not alone. It came to a fertile tectura Tradicional (CIAT), established
ground, where a small but committed in 1996 and directed by Fernando Vela
group of individuals are rowing in the Cossío. The CIAT is located in a small
14
village, Boceguillas, in the province of
Segovia, surrounded by a wonderful
landscape and within a culturally very
rich environment. It is equipped with a
modest laboratory for buildings materi-
als, a room for exhibitions, a library, a
little hostel, a lecture room, open spaces
for practical workshops and the most
important of it all: the commitment of
its professors. At this center we organize
seminars, lectures, summer workshops
and short teaching programs on Tra-
ditional Architecture and Building
Techniques: carpentry, stonemasonry,
earth building, traditional renders, local
traditional architecture, archeology…
So this summer, for instance, around
100 students had the opportunity to
learn with us from local masters and
great professors.
18
Arquitectura duradera
Long-lasting Architecture
Maurice Culot
5. Deadmalls.com, un sitio de
Internet sobre centros comerciales
abandonados.
25
Premio Rafael Manzano Martos de Arquitectura Clásica y Restauración de Monumentos
Rafael Manzano Martos Prize of Classical Architecture and Restoration of Monuments
28
El Premio Richard H. Driehaus
The Richard H. Driehaus Prize
31
24 de Octubre 11.40-12.00 Earth Architecture in 17.00-17.30 Debate
Hadramut, South Yemen: Recent Projects
Third Session: Contemporary archi- 2014, Salma Samar Damluji 17.30-18.00 Final conclusions, Michael
tecture and urbanism against global- Lykoudis, Carol Wyant, Alejandro Gar-
ization 12.00-12.20 Materiales y sistemas cons- cía Hermida
tructivos tradicionales: el aprendizaje para
9.30-9.40 Wellcome la arquitectura contemporánea, José Luis
García Grinda
9.40-10.00 Tradition and contemporane-
ity, José Baganha 12.20-12.40 Debate
36
La recuperación de las casas de la judería en el centro histórico de Sevilla, 1974-2012
The Recovery of the Houses of the Jewish Quarter in the Historic Center of Seville, 1974-2012
Luis Fernando Gómez-Stern
38
The result of this work shows the suitabil- account its full urban integrity (monu-
ity of Classical Architecture for contem- ments and singular buildings, popular
porary city life and customs. The reha- houses and the spaces relating and con-
bilitation of a traditional neighborhood necting them, all these elements config-
can be done radically using the languages uring its traditional fabric).
and tools of that architecture obtaining
advantageous results both from the artis- Finishing in 2012, this work has been
tic and the practical and economic points developed during three decades, house by
of view. It is the largest private restoration house, following the logic of the forma-
work in the historic center of Seville, one tion of its fabric, keeping the sense of its
of the biggest in the world. The scale of very evolution. It has been a handmade
this work is completely unusual in Spain, work, without any initial plan about its
encompassing four Classical noble houses expanse and use. This gave it flexibility to
from 15th and 16th centuries and fifteen be adapted to different contents, allow-
humble houses, totaling 36 courtyards, ing segregations and enlargements and
located around the churches of Santa recreating a system of urban continuity.
María la Blanca and San Bartolomé, be- Each house keeps its own access from
ing both old Synagogues, within a perim- the public space and its independent
eter of eight different streets. architectural identity. But the functional
links between them through an intersti-
In the early seventies the architectural tial network of recovered courtyards and
conditions of the houses were deficient, interior open spaces are the solution to
affected by an accelerated process of dis- the problems of the lack of connection
integration, and the surrounding streets and isolation which were contributing to
hardly kept some city life. Houses were its obsolescence. Besides, the opening of
empty or rudely modified. By then, Ig- these links has revealed spaces and itin-
nacio Medina, Duke of Segorbe, created eraries of remarkable beauty, which now
and chaired ProSevilla with the aim of can be enjoyed by the community.
Casa del Duque de Béjar (Sevilla) recovering this degraded area, taking into
39
Both the urban recovery and the rehabil- the School of Architecture of Seville,
itation of the noble and humble houses he has always practiced architecture,
will be analyzed. obtaining important commissions from
public competitions. He has made both
Luis Fernando Gómez-Stern was born new high quality modern works and
in Seville in 1942, belonging to a lin- works of restoration of monuments
eage of several generations of architects. and historic urban ensembles, being
While he was studying at the School interested in the recovery of traditional
of Architecture of Seville he started architecture within its urban context. In
working for Otaisa group, founded in 2013 he was the recipient, along with
1934 by four architects who introduced Ignacio Medina, of the Rafael Manzano
Modern Movement in Andalucia with- Martos Prize for Classical Architecture
out losing their bonding with the his- and Restoration of Monuments. Many
toric city. Afterwards, he spent a year of of his designs and works have been
courses and travels around Europe and published in architectural magazines,
the USA. In 1969 he definitely joins catalogs and guides in several countries
Otaisa, becoming a chair member. He and languages.
was first Delegate Advisor and President
later on, keeping that position till re-
cent times. He leaded the group, where
many architects from Seville have been
trained, to high levels of quality and
prestige. In 1990 the Autonomous Gov-
ernment of Andalucia awarded them Pasaje en el número 8 de la calle Archeros
in recognition for their contribution to (Sevilla)
architecture. They combine modernity
and their concern for tradition and the
culture of the historic city. Apart from
a short period of time as professor at
40
La identidad local como valor universal
Local identity as universal value
Javier Cenicacelaya
44
La angustia del Arquitecto Vanguardista
Angst of the Modernist Architect
Alireza Sagarchi
46
Estamos progresivamente condiciona- contexto? ¿Cuál debería ser la respuesta dos y expuestos. Ha sido docente en el
dos hasta tal punto que podemos fácil- de alguien que ejerce la Arquitectura Prince of Wales’ Institute of Architec-
mente entrar en un centro comercial Tradicional cuando opera en un ture y profesor visitante en muchas es-
cuando fuera se está a 50ºC y ponerse contexto, dentro de una tradición? cuelas de arquitectura del Reino Unido
ropa de esquí y entrar a un simulacro y de los EEUU. Es también coautor de
de ladera alpina. Estamos condiciona- Lo que nos guía es la creencia en que los libros New Palladians y Traditional
dos para pensar que la tecnología se ha hay tantas tradiciones clásicas como Architecture, recientemente publicados
convertido en la panacea. La solución tradiciones vernáculas, en que debe- con un prefacio de Su Alteza Real, el
posracionalizada a cualquier problema. mos ser capaces de capturar la esencia Príncipe de Gales. Alireza es Fellow de
El lenguaje de la Arquitectura de la de cada contexto cuando trabajemos a la Royal Society of Arts, director del
función, la contingencia y la utilidad nivel global. Este enfoque asegura que el Traditional Architecture Group del
tecnológica se ha impuesto a expensas resultado de La Arquitectura o del tra- R.I.B.A. y miembro del consejo admi-
de cualquier otra consideración, tales zado urbano esté arraigado en la cultura nistrador de la International Network
como la cultura tradicional y la escala local y que esté imbuido de un sentido for Traditional Building Architecture
humana. La tecnología y su lenguaje de pertenencia y de unicidad con su and Urbanism (INTBAU). Es miem-
arquitectónico incluso pretenden repre- contexto. bro de la Prince’s Foundation y forma
sentar o reemplazar a la cultura parte del the Design Review Paneldel
Alireza Sagharchi R.I.B.A., FRSA es el georgian Group.
Éste ha sido el modus operandi durante director de Stanhope Gate Architecture
los últimos 50 años desde el comienzo en Londres. Es un Arquitecto interna- Architecture today is a global practice.
de la era digital del High Tech. Pero hay cionalmente reconocido y un exponente Architects operate in different Cultural
ya una reacción en contra en muchas destacado de la arquitectura clásica and Building contexts. We need to
sociedades, que están observando las contemporánea y del diseño urbano tra- know what sets the approach Modernist
consecuencias de la sumisión a la tecno- dicional. Durante su carrera profesional and Classicists apart from each other.
logía y a la ilusión del progreso. ha sido el responsable de importantes Modernists appeal to the positivist
obras de planeamiento y de arquitectura sentiments and idea of modernity as
¿Cuál es el papel del Arquitecto en el Reino Unido, Europa, Norteamé- a progressive force when working in
con conciencia ecológica y de la rica y Oriente Medio. Sus proyectos han different cultures! We as classicists un-
Arquitectura Tradicional en este sido premiados y ampliamente publica- derstand that there are many classical
47
and vernacular traditions. Modern- technological utility has taken over at Alireza Sagharchi R.I.B.A., FRSA is the
ist approach is a single agenda, we as the expense of all other considerations, Principal of Stanhope Gate Architecture
classicists cannot therefore replicate a such as tradition culture and human in London. He is an internationally
single stylistic agenda regardless of the scale. Technology and its architectural renowned Architect and a leading prac-
context. Modernism relies on fragmen- language even claim to represent or titioner and an exponent of contempo-
tation of experience and the shock of replace culture. rary classical architecture and traditional
the new and the redemptive nature of urban design. During his professional
technology is paramount to its outlook. This has been the modus operandi for career, he has been responsible for major
Repetitive nature of Modernist solution the past 50 years from the start of the master planning and building projects in
defies the context and destroys the ty- digital age of high tech. But there is the UK, Europe, North America and the
pology. Culture, Localism, Identity, all already a backlash in many societies, Middle East. His projects have received
disappear into an abstract framework. that are looking at the consequences awards and have been widely published
Today the human condition is about of submission to technology and illu- and exhibited. He has taught at the
fragmentation of experience, and Ar- sion of progress. What is the role of Prince of Wales’ Institute of Architecture
chitects resort to shocking the senses to the ecologically aware Architect and and has been a visiting critic at a num-
make an “impact”. Traditional Architecture in this context? ber of schools of architecture in the UK
What should be the response of one and the US. He is also the co-author of
We are gradually conditioned to such who practices Traditional Architecture, the recently published books titled ‘New
an extent that we can easily walk into when operating in context, and within Palladians’ and ‘Traditional Architecture’
a shopping mall where the outside is a tradition? What guides us is the belief which carry a foreword by HRH, the
at 50ºC and don ski clothes and enter that there are as many classical tradi- Prince of Wales. Alireza is a Fellow of
a make believe alpine slope. We are tions as there are vernacular traditions, The Royal Society of Arts, the Chairman
conditioned to think that all that we we must be able to capture the essence of the Traditional Architecture Group at
can resolve every possible problem with of each context when practicing glob- the R.I.B.A., A trustee of the Interna-
technology. But what has happened is ally. This approach ensures the outcome tional Network for Traditional Building
that technology has become the pana- of The Architecture or the urban plan Architecture and Urbanism (INTBAU).
cea, the post rationalized solution to is rooted in the local culture and is im- He is a member of the Prince’s Foun-
every problem. The language of the Ar- bued with a sense of belonging and at dation and sits on the Design Review
chitecture of function, contingency and one with its context. Panel of the Georgian Group.
48
Tradición: el tratamiento para la arquitectura y las ciudades
Tradition: the treatment for architecture and cities
Pier Carlo Bontempi
52
El Plan Nacional de Arquitectura Tradicional
The National Plan of Traditional Architecture
Fernando Vela Cossío
Iglesia, puente y pueblo de Duratón (Segovia) En este año 2014 se ha concluido preci-
samente la redacción del Plan Nacional
de Arquitectura Tradicional, centrado
53
en la protección del patrimonio edifi- se encuentran, entre otras, la Escuela ca, y extranjeras, como la Universidad
cado relacionado con la arquitectura Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y el Técnica de Lisboa y la Universidad de
popular y vernácula, ese conjunto de Centro de Investigación de Arquitectura Oporto (Portugal), la Universidad Ion
estructuras físicas que, como señala el Tradicional (CIAT) de la Universidad Mincu de Bucarest (Rumanía), la Uni-
propio plan, emanan de la implantación Politécnica de Madrid. versidad Federico II de Nápoles (Italia),
de una comunidad en el territorio y la Universidad Nacional del Litoral de
que responden a su identidad cultural Fernando Vela Cossío (Madrid, 1964) Santa Fe (Argentina), la Universidad
y social. El plan tiene como principa- es Doctor en Geografía e Historia por Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, la
les objetivos el establecimiento de los la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y Universidad de Piura y la Universidad
conceptos, la metodología, los criterios arqueólogo en ejercicio desde 1988. Es Ricardo Palma (Perú), la Universidad
y la programación de aquellas actua- Profesor Titular del Departamento de Nacional San Carlos de Guatemala o
ciones que permitan la salvaguarda de Composición Arquitectónica de la Uni- la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais
la arquitectura tradicional en España, versidad Politécnica de Madrid y Jefe de (Belo Horizonte, Brasil), entre otras.
en el contexto general de los sistemas Estudios de la Escuela Técnica Superior Como especialista en patrimonio edi-
de protección y gestión del Patrimonio de Arquitectura, donde enseña Histo- ficado y en arqueología de la arquitec-
Cultural, cuyas competencias están ria de la Arquitectura y el Urbanismo, tura, ha dirigido trabajos de excavación
mayoritariamente transferidas a las Co- Teoría y Técnicas de la Restauración y arqueológica y de investigación histórica
munidades Autónomas. Arqueología Industrial. Es coordinador en numerosos monumentos españoles
del área de documentación del Mas- y puede destacarse su participación en
En la redacción del Plan Nacional de ter en Conservación y Restauración proyectos de restauración y rehabilita-
Arquitectura Tradicional han interve- del Patrimonio de la UPM y director ción de edificios históricos de cronolo-
nido técnicos del Ministerio de Educa- científico del Centro de Investigación gía principalmente medieval y moderna.
ción, Cultura y Deporte y de las distin- de Arquitectura Tradicional (CIAT). Es investigador principal del proyecto
tos servicios de patrimonio de nuestras Profesor invitado en numerosas insti- San Miguel de Piura: primera funda-
Comunidades Autónomas, además de tuciones universitarias españolas, como ción española en el Perú y coordinador
otros expertos invitados procedentes la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, la científico de la Red Iberoamericana de
de asociaciones e instituciones dedica- Complutense de Madrid, la de Grana- Investigación del Urbanismo Colo-
das a la investigación del patrimonio da, la de La Coruña, la Politécnica de nial [RII_uc]. Es miembro de la Junta
edificado de la tradición, entre las que Valencia o la Universidad de Salaman- Directiva de la Sociedad Española de
54
Historia de la Construcción (SEHC),
miembro de número del Instituto de
Investigación del Patrimonio Cultural
del Perú (Universidad Ricardo Palma) y
Académico correspondiente de la Real
Academia de Historia y Arte de
San Quirce de Segovia.
57
Tradición y contemporaneidad
Tradition and contemporaneity
José Baganha
61
Arquitectura e identidad local: El Schwarzman College en la Universidad Tsinghua de Pekín
Architecture and Local Identity: Schwarzman College at Tsinghua University in Beijing
Melissa DelVecchio
64
aspire to be unique symbols of a place, new institution. We have looked to the Scott Merrill on residential and commer-
but actually play to the forces of glo- organization of academic institutions as cial projects at the Duany Plater-Zyberk
balization, collectively making much of diverse as the Oxford and Cambridge designed towns of Seaside and Windsor
the world look the same, while contrib- colleges and the recent residential in Florida, and for Mark P. Finlay Archi-
uting to the dilution of local cultures graduate student programs of the best tects in Connecticut on a broad range
through erosion of the very urban and American universities. But we have also of residential projects. She has served on
rural fabric that creates a distinctive looked to the long traditions of Chi- design juries at Yale University and the
sense of place. A nuanced design ap- nese architecture and, through that, to University of Notre Dame, among oth-
proach, addressing modern problems Chinese culture. The design symbolizes ers, and has lectured at the University
and embracing new technologies while our conviction that architects must now of Notre Dame and various professional
at the same time engaging with existing develop a cosmopolitan approach, one conferences in The U.S. and China.
building patterns and traditions, offers that is both traditional and modern, Ms. DelVecchio received her Master of
the prospect of forging richer cross- both local and global, to be effective in Architecture degree from Yale University
cultural connections through a process international practice. and her Bachelor of Architecture degree
of reinvention more deeply embedded from the University of Notre Dame.
in culture and place. Melissa DelVecchio joined Robert A.M.
Stern Architects in 1998 and has been
Our work at Tsinghua University in a Partner since 2008. Her recent design
Beijing is an opportunity to explore work includes Schwarzman College at
these ideas on a campus with a long his- Tsinghua University in Beijing; two
tory of blending architectural traditions new residential colleges at Yale Univer-
– the heart of the campus is comprised sity; two buildings for Harvard Busi-
of an 18th century Chinese garden pal- ness School and one for Harvard Law
ace and the 20th century Beaux-Arts School; the Stayer Center for Executive
quadrangles by American Architect Education at the University of Notre
Henry Killam Murphy. Our design for Dame, Heavener Hall at the University
Schwarzman College embodies in phys- of Florida, and the new business school
ical form the spirit of cultural collabo- at the University of Nebraska. Earlier in
ration that is the driving force of this her career Ms. DelVecchio worked with
65
Reintegrando dos barrios en Madrid y Palermo
Reintegrating two urban quarters in Madrid and Palermo
Samir Younés, Ettore Mazzola y Alejandro García Hermida
68
Alejandro García Hermida es Arquitecto a la restauración y al análisis histórico to be replaced by another out-of-scale
por la Universidad Politécnica de Ma- constructivo de diversos edificios shopping mall having little to do with
drid y Máster Oficial en Conservación históricos y yacimientos arqueológicos the rich architecture of Madrid. This
y Restauración del Patrimonio de muy diversa cronología en España, necessitates a counter-project designed
Arquitectónico y Especialista en Marruecos e Iberoamérica. Forma to reintegrate the area with the rest of
Arqueología de la Arquitectura por parte del consejo director de la revista the Latina quarter. Quite significantly,
la misma universidad. Se encuentra Teatro Marittimo, donde publica the proposal provides two new plazas
actualmente realizando su Tesis regularmente artículos y entrevistas. linked by a market hall. The proposed
Doctoral en el área de investigación Es Coordinador de Actividades del public buildings include a market hall
de Conservación y Restauración del Premio Rafael Manzano Martos, and art gallery, while the proposed
Patrimonio. Es profesor desde 2009 de Vicepresidente y miembro fundador de private buildings dedicate commercial
Historia de la Arquitectura y el Urbanis- INTBAU España, profesor del Centro activities in the ground floors of all
mo, de Historia y Teoría de la Restaura- de Investigación de Arquitectura buildings as well as apartments and of-
ción y de Patología y Rehabilitación en la Tradicional (CIAT) de Boceguillas fices on the upper levels.
Escuela Politécnica Superior de la Uni- (Segovia) y miembro de la Junta
versidad Alfonso X el Sabio de Villanue- Directiva de Terrachidia. Piazza Magione stands as vast empty
va de la Cañada (Madrid), y conferen- area having remained in a state of dis-
ciante invitado desde 2010 en el Máster The areas of Plaza de la Cebada in Ma- repair since the middle of twentieth
Oficial en Conservación y Restauración drid and Piazza Magione in Palermo century. Palermo, in that area, remains
del Patrimonio Arquitectónico y en el present excellent opportunities for interrupted, hence the need for a long-
Máster en Diseño y Arquitectura de urban reintegration. Although they are term master-plan that reintegrates this
Interiores de la Universidad Politécnica known as “plaza” and “piazza” both ar- area with the quarter that is delimited
de Madrid. Ha sido conferenciante eas do not presently include a square in by Corso Vittorio Emanuele, the Foro
invitado en el Politecnico di Milano the sense of a delimited and contained Italico, Via Lincoln, and Via Roma. The
(Italia), en la Escuela de Arquitectura urban space. master-plan provides for several piazze,
de la University of Notre Dame (In- a set of interconnected urban sequences,
diana, EUU), así como en cursos y In Plaza de la Cebada the out-of-scale and the knitting of the urban fabric
talleres nacionales e internacionales. concrete market halls built in the 1960s in order to provide for the desired ar-
Ha dedicado su actividad profesional are slated to be demolished in order chitectural continuity. The proposed
69
public buildings include a market and ics have appeared in Architectural De- The University of Notre Dame School
a school, while the proposed private sign, The Journal of the Royal Institute of of Architecture Rome Studies. He is a
buildings include mixed-use buildings, Philosophy, The Journal of Urban Design, traditional urbanist, architect, theorist,
apartments, offices, and a hotel. Archi e Colonne, Quadri e Sculture, Il and educator. He is author of several
Covile, American Arts Quarterly, and books and essays on architecture, ur-
Both master-plans were completed in The Bulletin of Science, Technology and banism, urban sociology and sustain-
the summer of 2014 with professors Society. Younés is a member of the edi- ability: The Sustainable City is Possible
and participants from the University of torial board of OPUS ROMA, a series (2010), A Counter History of Modern
Notre Dame, the Universidad Alfonso of publications on the urban history of Architecture, Rome 1900-1940 (2004),
X el Sabio and the Universidad Politéc- Rome. Architecture and Town Planning, Operat-
nica de Madrid. ing Instructions (2006), Toward Sustain-
His architectural projects have been ex- able Architecture (2007), The Importance
Samir Younés is a traditional architect, hibited at the Biennale di Venezia; The of Local Spirit and Sense of Place: Side
theorist, and educator. He teaches at Gorcums Museum, the Netherlands; Effects of the Underestimation in Mod-
the University of Notre Dame where San Giorgio Poggiale, Bologna; the ernist Town Planning (2009). He’s also
he was Director of Graduate Studies Chicago Cultural Center; The Beirut co-author, with Maciej Giertych of
(1993-98) and Director of Rome Stud- National Museum. Younés has lectured Architettura e Genetica - Cosa Insegnare.
ies (1998-2008). He is the author of widely at universities and institutions Gli equivoci e i pregiudizi ancorati al
The True, the Fictive and the Real, Qua- including: L’École des Beaux-Arts, Paris; concetto di “modernità” (2012). Gradu-
tremère de Quincy’s Historical Dictionary L’Università degli Studi di Ferrara; Yale ate in Architecture at The Università di
of Architecture, Papadakis, U.K., 1999; University; The University of Oregon; Roma “La Sapienza”, Ettore Maria Maz-
and The Imperfect City: On Architectural Clemson University; The University of zola is an architect expert of restoration
Judgment, Ashgate, U.K., 2012. He Maryland; The University of Miami; and urban-architectural design, and
has also edited several books including The Prince of Wales’ Institute of Archi- co-editor of Il Covile, a journal devoted
Ara Pacis Controprogetti / Counterproj- tecture; and The Art Workers’ Guild. to many disciplines including history,
ects, Alinea, Firenze, 2003; and most theory and criticism of architectural and
recently Architects and Mimetic Rivalry, Ettore Mazzola is Visiting Associate urban design. He taught for 12 years as
Papadakis, U.K., 2012. Younés’ projects Professor of Traditional Urbanism, Ar- assistant professor at the University “La
and essays on architecture and aesthet- chitecture and Building Techniques at Sapienza” and since 2001 he teaches at
70
the Rome Program of the University of ism, History and Theory of Restoration
Notre Dame. He’s often giving lectures and Building Pathology and Repairing
for other American University Programs Technics. He is invited lecturer at Uni-
in Italy (Miami, Pratt, Minnesota, CAL, versidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)
Washington, Maryland, New Mexico). from 2010, teaching at the Master in
Member of the Prince of Wales’s Foun- Conservation and Restoration of Ar-
dation, INTBAU, the Committee for chitectural Heritage and the Master in
Urbanism of Italia Nostra and Making Interior Design and Architecture. He
Cities Livable. In May 2012 he received has lectured at the Politecnico di Milano
the International Urban Design Award (Italia), the School of Architecture of
during the 49th International Making the University of Notre Dame (Indi-
Cities Livable Conference in Portland ana, USA) and at many national and
for his project of Urban Regeneration of international courses, workshops and
the “ground-scraper” Corviale in Rome. conferences. His professional practice
has been focused on restoration and
Alejandro García Hermida is Architect historical-constructive studies of diverse
from Universidad Politécnica de Ma- historic buildings and archeological sites
drid, Master in Conservation and Res- of multiple chronologies in Spain, Mo-
toration of Architectural Heritage and rocco and South America. He is part of
Specialist in Archeology of Architecture the scientific board of the architectural
from the same university. He is currently magazine Teatro Marittimo, where he
working in his Ph D final thesis in the regularly articles and interviews. He is
Research Area of Conservation and the Activities Coordinator in Spain of
Restoration of Architectural Heritage. Rafael Manzano Martos Prize, founding
He is Associate Professor from 2009 at member and Vice Chair of INTBAU
the Polytechnic School of the Universi- España, professor at the Centro de In-
dad Alfonso X el Sabio (Villanueva de vestigación de Arquitectura Tradicional
la Cañada, Madrid), where he teaches (CIAT) of the UPM and member of the
History of Architecture and Urban- board of Terrachidia.
71
Patrimonio y azar: Trabajos de restauración de las iglesias de pizarra de la Comarca de la Arquitectura Negra (Guadalajara)
Heritage and fate: Restoration works of the slate churches of the Black Architecture Region (Guadalajara)
Julio Jesús Palomino
75
Arquitectura de tierra en Hadramut (Yemen del Sur): Proyectos recientes del 2014
Earth Architecture in Hadramut (South Yemen): Recent Projects 2014
Salma Samar Damluji
82
Obras recientes y mitogénesis
Recent works and mythogenesis
Maurice Culot
Armée du Salut
86
Le Corbusier es el arquitecto más in- a. si hay una cualidad trascendente en
fluyente del siglo XX. Está siendo cele- su obra y en su pensamiento, esa cuali-
brado en la actualidad con grandes ex- dad es universal y puede ser traducida a
posiciones por el mundo y literalmente y obtenida por medios arquitectónicos
divinizado por críticos e historiadores. tradicionales,
Es más influyente ahora que durante su
propia vida. b. si elaboró lenguajes arquitectónicos
válidos, son incompletos y deberían ser
Su teoría general de una Nueva Ar- completados,
quitectura y Urbanismo es al mismo
tiempo profundamente inspiradora y c. si existen errores conceptuales, deben
en muchos aspectos gravemente fallida. ser señalados y corregidos.
Aunque reconociendo el enorme talento
artístico y visionario del arquitecto, Incluso aunque Le Corbusier tenía am-
propongo una lectura y revisión revolu- biciones colosales como reformador del
cionarias del corpus arquitectónico de urbanismo, su proyecto de Ville Radieu-
Le Corbusier. El proyecto Le Corbusier se fue y sigue siendo una locura funcio-
después de Le Corbusier está concebido nal, formal, social, polótica, energética
como un espejo del Le Corbusier antes y ecológica. Su monumentalización de
de Le Corbusier de Stanislaus von Moos. la suburbanización es insostenible en
Será el tema de un libro y de una expo- términos ecológicos y humanos. Es un
sición en la Architectural Association de epifenómeno irreflexivo de la economía
Londres en mayo de 2015. del combustible fósil. Desde una pers-
pectiva política, ni tan siquiera los más
Mi “proyecto crítico” está organizado en crueles tiranos modernos otorgaron a
tres temas: Le Corbusier Traducido, Le sus súbditos algo tan inhumano como
Corbusier Completado y Le Corbusier la propuesta Voisin de Le Corbusier
Corregido, basado en las hipótesis de para el centro de París.
Pabellón de L’Esprit Nouveau que: Los Cinco Puntos de una Nueva Arqui-
87
tectura de Le Corbusier: fachada libre Leon Krier es arquitecto, urbanista y en Roma, Italia (desde 2010). Le han
de estructura portante, planta libre, asesor en diseño. Nació en Luxemburgo dedicado exposiciones en el M.O.M.A.
planta baja libre, cubierta aterrazada en 1946. Studio en la Universidad de de Nueva York: Bofill-Krier (1985) y en
y ventana apaisada, autoproclamados Stuttgart desde 1967 hasta 1968, aban- el American Architectural Foundation
como revolucionarios, no eran de hecho donándola para trabajar en el estudio de Octagon Museum de Washington DC:
sino una sucinta afirmación de los que James Stirling en Londres (1968-70 y Leon Krier and the Plan of Washington
la industria de la construcción llevaba 1973-74), asociarse con J. P. Kleihues en (1987). Ha recibido la Medalla de Plata
aplicando durante una generación. Lo Berlín (1971-72) y desarrollar más tarde de la Académie Française (1997). Fue
que sí era revolucionario era la radical su actividad privada como arquitecto el primer ganador del Richard H. Drie-
y excluyente postura de Le Corbusier, en Londres (1974-97), Claviers (1998- haus Prize (2003) y recibió el Athena
afirmando que su sistema Domino no 2002) y Luxemburgo (desde 2003). Ha Award del Congress of new Urbanism
sólo tenía que dominar, sino reemplazar impartido clase en la Architectural Asso- (2006). Sus publicaciones incluyen:
todos los métodos y técnicas de cons- ciation School (1973-76), en Princeton Rational Architecture Rationelle (1978);
trucción tradicionales, que la produc- University (1977) y en RCA (1977). Ha Albert Speer: Architecture 1932-42 (1985
ción industrial debía sustituir a toda sido Jefferson Professor of Architecture y 2013); The Completion of Washington
la producción artesanal, que no había en la University of Virginia (1982). Es DC (1986); Atlantis (1987); The Archi-
elección en esta cuestión. Visiting Professor de la Yale University tecture of Community (2009, publicada
School of Architecture de forma inter- en castellano en 2013); y Drawing for
La revisión que he proyectado está ex- mitente desde 1990. Sus numerosos y Architecture (2009).
presamente limitada a la inspección y el muy reconocidos proyectos incluyen el
desarrollo crítico de sus arquitecturas. planeamiento urbano y la coordinación Le Corbusier is the most influential ar-
Los objetos arquitectónicos reformados arquitectónica de la nueva ciudad de chitect of the XXth century. He is being
son filtrados técnicamente por la disci- Poundbury (Reino Unido) para el Du- currently celebrated by large exhibitions
plina de los métodos de construcción que de Cornualles y S.A.R. el Príncipe around the world and literally divinized
tradicionales y urbanísticamente por la de Gales (desde 1988); el Palacio de Jus- by architectural critics and historians. He
disciplina de una ciudad policéntrica ticia de Luxemburgo (1990-97); la Citta is more influential now than during his
caminable tanto horizontal como ver- Nuova en Alessandria, Italia (1995-99); lifetime.
ticalmente (3 plantas), compuesta de Cayalá, Guatemala (desde 2003); y
barrios no mayores de 33 hectáreas. el Nuevo Barrio de Tor Bella Monaca
88
His general theory of a New Architecture c. if there are conceptual errors they tion techniques and methods, that
and Urbanism are at once profoundly in- must be addressed and corrected. industrial production had to replace
spiring and in many aspects profoundly all craft production, that there was no
flawed. Though recognizing the archi- Even though Le Corbusier had colossal choice in the matter.
tect’s enormous artistic and visionary ambitions as a reformer of urbanism,
talent, I propose a revolutionary reading his Radiant City Project was and re- My revision project is expressly limited
and revision of the LC architectural mains a functional, formal, social, po- to a critical inspection and development
corpus. The project Le Corbusier after litical, energetic, ecological insanity. His of his architectures. The reformed archi-
Le Corbusier is conceived as a mirror to monumentalization of suburban sprawl tectural objects are technically filtered
Stanislaus von Moos’s Le Corbusier before is unsustainable in ecological and hu- by the disciplines of traditional building
Le Corbusier. It will be the subject of man terms. It is an unreflected epi- methods using non synthetic building
a book and an exhibition at the Archi- phenomenon of a fossil fuel economy. materials and urbanistically filtered by
tectural Association in London in May In a political perspective, not even the the discipline of a vertically (3 stories)
2015. cruelest modern tyrants bestowed on and horizontally walkable polycentric
their subjects anything as inhuman as city (composed of urban quarters not
My “critical project” is organized in three Corbu’s Voisin-Vision for central Paris. exceeding 33 HA).
themes: Le Corbusier Translated, Le
Corbusier Completed and Le Corbusier Le Corbusier’s Five points of archi- Leon Krier is architect, urbanist and de-
Corrected, based on the hypothesis that tecture: Façade freed from Support sign consultant. He was born in Luxem-
Structure, Free Plan, Freed Ground bourg in 1946. He studied in the Uni-
a. if there is a transcendent quality to Floor, Roof Terrace, Strip window, self versity of Stuttgart since 1967 to 1968,
his work and thinking, those qualities proclaimed as revolutionary, were in leaving it to become assistant to James
are universal and can be translated into fact merely a succinct statement of what Stirling in London in 1968-70 and
and delivered by traditional architectural the building industry had been practic- 1973-74, being Project Partner with J.
means, ing for a generation. It was only Corbu’s P. Kleihues in Berlin in 1971-72; and
radical and exclusivist stance which was developing later his private architectural
b. if he elaborated valid architectural revolutionary, stating that his “ Domino practice in London 1974-97, Claviers
languages, they are incomplete and “ system had not only to “dominate” 1998-2002 and Luxembourg 2003 on.
ought to be completed, but to replace all traditional construc- He has lectured at Architectural Associ-
89
ation School (1973-76); Princeton Uni- 2013; The Completion of Washington
versity (1977); RCA (1977); Jefferson DC, 1986; Atlantis, 1987; The Architec-
Professor of Architecture at the Univer- ture of Community, 2009 (new Spanish
sity of Virginia (1982). He is Visiting translation in 2013); and Drawing for
Professor at Yale University School of Architecture, 2009.
Architecture intermittently since 1990.
His numerous and renowned projects
include: New town of Poundbury Mas-
terplan and architectural coordination
for Duchy of Cornwall and HRH The
Prince of Wales (1988 onwards); Justice
Palace of Luxembourg (1990-97); Citta
Nuova in Alessandria, Italy (1995-99);
Cayalá in Guatemala City (2003 on-
wards); and The New Tor Bella Monaca
Quarter in Rome, Italy (2010 onwards).
His work was exhibited in M.O.M.A.,
New York, in 1985: Bofill-Krier; and
in American Architectural Foundation
Octagon Museum, Washington DC,
in 1987: Leon Krier and the Plan of
Washington. He has been awarded the
Silver Medal of the Académie Française,
1997. He was Richard Driehaus Prize
inaugural recipient, 2003; and Athena
Award, Congress of New Urbanism,
2006. His publications include: Ratio-
nal Archite ture Rationelle, 1978; Albert
Speer: Architecture 1932-42, 1985 and
90
El origen de las identidades vernáculas en Arquitectura
The origin of vernacular identities in Architecture
Jaime de Hoz Onrubia
Mairea Libros