UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS

(Universidad del Perú, DECANA DE AMERICA)

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA DE SISTEMAS E INFORMATICA

Practica Dirigida N°5-G2

 Curso: Matemática Básica

 Semestre: 2020-I

 Profesor: Mag. Teodulfo Aquino Liñán

 Integrantes: Balceda Delgado Adriana

Cáceres Estaña Juan
Carrión Ramos Diego
Huallpartupa Gallegos Wilfredo
Machaca Quispe Fernando
Pastor Moreno Wiston
Poma Ruiz Angel
Torre Arteaga Alexander
Villacis Alvear David
Yanfer Laura Oscar

julio del 2020

 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS

E.A.P. DEINGENIERIA DE SOFTWARE

PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA N°05 DE “MATEMATICA BASICA G2

MATRICES

1. Hallar por extensión las siguientes matrices:

2ⅈ− j si i< j
a) Si D= d d
{
( ij ) 3 X 4 ij ⅈ+ j sii= j
=
|3 j−ⅈ|si i> j

2 0 −1 −2

[
D= 1 4 1
0 3 6
0
2 ]
2 (ⅈ− j ) si i≤ j
b) Si A=( aij )2 X 3 aij ={ⅈ+ j+3 si i> j
B= [ 06 −2 −4
0 −2 ]
1 sii= j −1 sii= j
{ {
c) A=( aij )4 X 4 y B=( bij )4 X 4 donde ( aij ) = −1 sii> j ; ( b ij ) = 1 sii< j
0 si i< j 0 si i> j

Hallar Tr ( AB )

1 0 0 0
1, sii= j
{
a ij = −1 , sii > j
0 , sii< j [ −1 1
−1 −1 1
0

−1 −1 −1
0
0
1
]
−1 1 1 1
−1 , sii= j
{
(b ij)= 1 , sii< j
0 , si i> j [ 0 −1 1
0
0
0 −1 1
0
1

0 −1
]
Hallar Tr ( AB )

1 0 0 0 −1 1 1 1
AB=
[
−1 1
−1 −1 1
0

−1 −1 −1
][
0 0 −1 1
.
0 0
1 0
0 −1 1
0
1

0 −1
]
 −1+0+0+ 0 1+0+ 0+0 1+ 0+0+ 0 1+0+ 0+0
A.B=
[
1+ 0+0+ 0 −1−1+ 0+0 −1+1+0+0 −1+1+ 0+ 0
1+ 0+0+ 0 −1+1+ 0+0 −1−1−1+ 0 −1−1+1+0
1+ 0+0+ 0 −1+1+ 0+0 −1−1+1+0 −1−1−1−1
]
−1 1 1 1
AB=
[
1 −2 0
1
1
0
0 −3 −1
0 −1 −4
]
Tr ( AB ) =−1+ (−2 ) + (−3 ) + (−4 )

Tr ( AB ) =−1 0

1 −2 −2 −1
2.
[ ]
Si A= 0 3 B=
0 −2 3 , C=
2 −1
[03 , D= 1
1 3 ] [] []
−3 2

Encontrar AB−C D ´ D´ =transpuesta

1 −2 0+0 −2−2 3−6 0 −4 −3

[ ][
AB= 0 3 .
2 −1
0 −2 3
0 1 3 ] [
AB= 0+0 0+ 3 0+9
0+0 −4−1 6−3 ] [ AB= 0 3
0 −5 3
9
]
Transpuesta de D

−2 2 −2 −4
[]
D´=[ −11 2 ] CD= 3 .[ −11 2 ] CD´= −3
−3 [ 3
3 6
−3 −6 ]
Ahora:

0−2 −4−(−2) −3−(−4) −2 −2 1

[
AB-CD´= 0−(−3)
0−3
3−3 9−6
−5−(−3) 3−(−6) ] AB-CD´=
[ 3 0 3
−3 −2 9 ]
1 c+ b 0
3.
[
Dado B= 2
b
5
a ]
c ; Si B es simétrica, hallar: abc.
3

Por simetría:
 1 c+b 0 1 2 b
T
B =B ; 2 5
b a[ ][
c = c+ b 5 a
3 0 c 3 ]
c +b=2 , b=0 ,a=c ; c=2 , b=0 , a=2 a . b . c=0

4. Dado C= [21 −4
−1 ]
y D=[ a 2] calcular a y b , siCD=I I =identidad
2b 1

C . D=[ 2 −4 ] . [ a 2 ]=[ 2 a−8 b 4−4 ] =[ 2 a−8 b 0 ]

1 −1 2 b 1 a−2 b 2−1 a−2 b 1

a−2 b=0→ a=2 b

−1
2 a−8 b=1 → b=
4
−1
∴ a=
2
−1
a=
2
−1
b=
4

1 2 b

[ ]
5. Si A= c +b 5 a es una matriz simetrica Hallar : A
0 c 3
2

a a−b −1 a 2 b− x
Matriz simetrica → A=A 2 3
T

b−x a−x 4 [
b = a−b 3 a− x
−1 b 4 ][ ]
a−b=2 … (i ) a−x=b … ( ii ) b−x =−1 … ( iii )

ii en iii a−x=b−( b−x )=−(−1 ) a−2 b=1 … ( iv )

i eniv a−b=2 a−2 b=1 a=3 , b=1 x=2

a a−b −1 1 2 −1
Entonces A= 2
[3
b−x a−x 4
b = 2 3 1
−1 1 4 ][ ]
 1 2 −1 1 2 −1
2

[
A = A . A= 2 3 1 . 2 3 1
−1 1 4 −1 1 4 ][ ]
1+ 4+1 2+6−1 −1+ 2−4
2

[
A = 2+6−1 4 +9+1 −2+ 3+4
−1+2−4 −2+3+ 4 1+1+16 ]
6 7 −3

[
A2= 7 14 5
−3 5 18 ]
6. Si A= [ 21 −4
−1 ]
Hallar [ xy ] ; tal que A
x =3 x
[ y] [ y]
Ax [ xy ] = (2x2). (2x1) = (2x1) = [ 14 −33 ] [ xy ] [ 4xx−3
x
+3 y
=
y]
…… (1)

3x [ xy ] [ 33 xy ]
= …… (2)

Igualando (1) y (2)

[ 4xx−3
+3 y 3x
y] [3 y]
=

x + 3y = 3x  2x = 3y

4x – 3y = 3y  4x = 6y  2x = 3y

Conclusión:

X = 3k y Y = 2k Respuesta: [ xy ]=[ 32 kk ]=k [ 32]

7. Hallar una matriz X de orden 2x1; tal que: AX=3X, donde A= [ 23i 1
−2i ]
A.X=¿ [23i 1 . m 3m
−2 i n
=][ ] [ ]
3n
 2im +n=3m → 3m-2in=3n → 3m=2im+n=3n+2in → m.(2i) =n(2+2i)

m n
mi=n(1+i) → =
1+ l̇ ⅈ

X = 1+i
i[ ]

2 2
8. Si A =B =I ; A . B= [ 01 −12 ] ; B . A=[−12 10 ]
Calcular:

a) ( A+ B )2= A 2+ B2 + AB+ BA

2 2
A =B =I y AB= [ 01 −12 ] BA =[−12 10] A =B =[ 10 01]
2 2

A2 + B2 + AB+ BA → 1 0 + 1 0 + 0 −1 + 2 1
[ ][ ][
0 1 0 1 1 2 −1 0 ][ ]
→ [ 20 02]+[ 20 02]
4
A2 + B2 + AB+ BA=¿ 0 [ 04]
b) ( A+ B)( A−B)

2 2
A =B =I , AB = [ 01 −12 ] y AB=[−12 10]
− AB+ BA=− 0 −1 + 2 1 = 2 2
−1 2 [
1 0 −2 −2 ][ ][ ]
( A+ B)( A−B)= [−22 −22 ]

9. Sean A= [−12 4i ] y B=[11 1+2 ii] Hallar a) Tr (AB); b) Tr (BA) Tr=traza

 −1 i 1 2i −1+ i −2 i+i+i 2 −1+ i i 2−i
A . B= [ ][
2 4 1 1+i
= ][
2+ 4 4 i+ 4+ 4 i
=
6 8 i+ 4 ][ ]
B . A= [ 11 1+i2 i ][−12 4i ]=[−1+ 4i
1+2 i
i+ 8i
i+ 4+ 4 i
=
−1+ 4 i
][ 9i
1+2 i 5 i+4 ]
a) Traza AB

−1+i i 2−i
[ 6 8 i+ 4 ]
=−1+i +8 i+4=9 i+3

b) Traza BA
i 9i
[−1+4
1+2 i 5 i+4 ]
=−1+4 i+5 i+ 4=9 i+3

10. Sea A= [ 30 63] y B=[−√√22 √2

− √2 ] Calcular la matriz: C= A6 B6−B8 A 8

2 √ 2 . √ 2 √ 2 = 0 0 B 2=0 B 6=0 → A 6 . B6=0

B . B= [ √√
− 2 −√ 2 −√ 2 −√ 2 ][
0 0 ][ ]
B8 . A 8=0 →C=0

4 2 4
11.
[ ]
Dada la matriz A= 2 10 5 Hallar la matriz triangular inferior B; tal que
4 5 21

B B´ =A

a 0 0 a b d a 0 0 a b d 4 2 4
( ) (
B= b c 0 B t = 0 c e
d e f 0 0 f ) ; BB t= A
( )(
b c 0 0 c e = 2 10 5
d e f 0 0 f 4 5 21)( )
a2 ab ad 4 2 4

( 2
ab b +c
ad 5
2
bd + ce = 2 10 5
d 2 +e 2 +f 2 4 5 21 )( )
a 2=4 ab=2 ad=4
b 2+ c2 =10 bd +ce=5

d 2 +e 2+ f 2=21→ a=2; b=1;c=3; f=4

2 0 0
B= 1 3 0
2 1 4 ( )
1 a−b −1
12. Si A=
[ 2 3
b−x a−x 4 ]
b ; Si A es simétrica hallar

´ 4
E=[ ( A5 ) + ( A ´ ) ] + A ´ [ A3 + A´ ] … … … . A T = A ( simetric o)

a−x=b … ..(1)

b−x=−1 … ( 2 )

De 1 y 2

2 b=a−1 … .(3)

a−b=2 … . ( 4 )

de 3 y 4
b=1 ; a=3 ; x=2

E=A 5− A ( A 3+ A 4 ) + A ( A 3+ A )

E=A 5− A 4− A 5+ A 4 + A2

1 2 −1 1 2 −1

[
E=A 2= 2 3 1 . 2 3 1
−1 1 4 −1 1 4 ][ ]
6 7 −3

[
E= 7 14 5
−3 5 18 ]
13.
T
Calcular X en BX=C+2 B X , donde B= [ 12 01] y C=B + I
T

BT = 1 2 X= a b
0 1 [ ] [ ]
c d
C=B + I C=
T
[ 10 21]+[ 10 01] C=[ 20 22]
BX=C+2 B X [ 1 0 ] . X =[ 2 2 ]+2 [ 1 0 ] . X
´ T
2 1 0 2 2 1

a b 2 2 2 0 a c
[ 2 a+c 2 b+ d ] =[
0 2] [ 4 2] [ b d ]
+ .

a b = 2+2 a 2+2 c
[ 2 a+c 2 b+ d ] [ 4 a+2 b 2+4 c+ 2d ]

2 a+2=a a=−2

2+2 c=b … ( 1 ) 2 a+c=4 a+2 b 4+c =2b .. ( 2 )

1 en 2 4+ c=4 +4 c 3 c=0 c=0

2+2 ( 0 )=b b=2

2 b+d =4 c+2 d +2 2 b=2+ 4 ( 0 ) +d 2 b=2+ d 2 ( 2 )−2=d d=2

X = −2 2
[
0 2 ]
14. Calcular la matriz triangular superior X, sí:

25 6 ´ 3 −1
´ ´ ´
X ( A B −XC ) =XB ( A−X ) − A , donde A= [ 6 4] [
B =C−I =
2 1 ]
X ( B A T −X T C T ) =XB ( A T −X T )− A

X ( B A T ) −X ( C T X T ) =XB AT −XB X T − A

X ( C T X T )=XB X T + A

X ( C T X T −B X T ) =A

X¿

X . X T = A= a b . a 0
0 c b c [ ][ ]
2 2
25 6 = a + b bc → c=2 ; b=3 ; a=4
[ 6 4 ][
cb c2 ]
X= 4 3
0 2[ ]
1 2 1 1/2 0 0
15. Sean A= 4
[ ] [
0 5 y B= 3 1/5 0
−3 1 −3 0 0 1 ]
Si ( AB )´ + X=2(B´ + A) Hallar la traza de la matriz X

X =2 Bt + 2 A−Bt A t X i i=2b ii +2 ai i −( bki )( ai k )

Entonces:

X 11 =2 b11 +2 a 11−( b k 1 )( a1 k ) X 11 =2 ( 12 )+2( 1 ) −( 12 , 3,0 ). ( 1,2,1)

X 11 =−3.5

X 22=2 b 22+2 a22 −( bk 2 ) ( a2 k ) X 22=2 ( 15 )+ 2 ( 0 )−( 0 , 15 , 0) .( 2 , 0 , 1 )

X 22=0.4

X 33=2b 33+2 a33− ( bk 3 ) ( a3 k ) X 33=2 ( 1 ) +2 (−3 )− ( 0,0 ,1 ) . ( 1,5 ,−3 )

X 33=−1

Tr ( X )=−3.5+ 0.4−1

Tr ( X )=−4. 1