Pe AUT AWS G1.10M:2001 An American National Standard Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds ot toy @Key Words—Hot gas welding, thermoplastics, AWS G1.10M:2001 heated tol butt welding, joins, An American National Standard ‘evaluation, testing, hot gas extrusion Approved by American National Standards Institute February 21, 2001 Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds Prepared by AWS G1 Committee on Joining Plastics and Composites Under the Direction of, AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by AWS Board of Directors Abstract stindard lists and describes defects in hot gas, hot gas extrusion, and heated tool butt welded joints in thermoplastics. Its intent is to make possible a generally valid evaluation giving consideration to graded quality requirements. This stan- dard encompasses the classification, requirements, testing, evaluation, and acceptance of the welds. Details in recording ‘engineering data are described, Tables illustrating cracks, voids, solid inclusions, lack of fusion, defects of shape, and ‘other defects in thermoplastic welds are included. Defect features with descriptions and illustrations are compiled into tables to aid in the evaluation of welds " APPROUVE / APPROVED pan/py: fui Mv DATE: SABLE. BOD! American Welding Scciety Florida 33126 '550 N.W, LeJeune Road, MiarStatement on Use of AWS American National Standards All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American ‘Weldirig Society are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American ‘National Standards Institute, When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all ceases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. ‘Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting partes. International Standard Book Number: 0-87171-615-1 American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 © 2001 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus. 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Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS G1 Committee on Joining of Plastics and Composites and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee's response to the com- ‘ments. Guests are invited to attend all mectings of the AWS G1 Committee on Joining of Plastics and Composites to ex- press their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American ‘Welding Society, 550 N.W. Leleune Road, Miami, FL 33126. Photocopy Rights ‘Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only, or the internal, personal, or educational classroom use only of specific clients, is granted by the American Welding Society (AWS) provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: 978-750-8400; online: hutp:/www.copyright.com.Personnel AWS GI Committee on Joi J.L. Frantz, Chair WJ. MeMaster, Vice Chair J. L. Gayler, Secretary "A, Benatar *F Dibble K.M, Dolan *D. Grewell *R.A. Grimm B.E. Gourley *E He 4K. A. Holt #5. Hunt LT Hutton VA. Kagan *W.E. Kenney PR. Krieger HLL. Mikeworth H. Moore T.O'Toole J. Park D.L. Pochardt *K. Stratman ES, Stumpek “A.M. Summo MW, Wichmann 8 AWS GIA Subcommittee on Hot Gas L.T. Hutton, Chair G. Hopkins, Vice Chair JL. Gayler, Secretary *M. D. Beamish AR. Blazejewski S.A. Burrows D. Chandler TS. Dean WH, Drake, Jr *R. P Gaspar "J. Gates G.Glein *R.A. Grimm *P Habib N. Hall D.K. Heffner *Atvisor iti ‘of Plastics and Composites Branson Ultrasonics Corp. Honeywell ‘American Welding Society “The Ohio State University Crest Ultrasonics GE Plastics Branson Ultrasonics Corp. Edison Welding Insitute Sonics & Materials, Inc. Eastman Kodak Co. Dukane Corp. Motorola, Ine. [ATOFINA Chemicals Honeywell Consultant Fisher-Price, nc Dukane Corp. Eastman Kodak Co. Dukane Corp. Visteon 3M Co. Dukane Corp. EStumpek & Associates Dukane Corp. E. |. du Pont de Nemours and Co. Welding and Extrusion Welding ATOFINA Chemicals Plastek Werks, Inc. ‘American Welding Society Baker College of Owosso ‘Symalit AG ReynoldsTech Fabricators, In. last, Inc. Pro Poly of America, Inc. ‘SW Missouri State University BFGoodrich ‘AN-COR Industral Plastics Inc. CERA Consulting Edison Welding Institute (CPF Dualam, Inc E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. Electrochemical Engineering and Manufacturing Co.AWS GIA Subcommittee on Hof Gas Welding and Extrusion Welding (Continued) M.G. Jolley D.L. Keeler *W.E. Kenney PR. Khaladkar LK. Lewis *5. Linnemann A. Lopez GW. McCuaig *R. Moubarac P Mullen WE. Niesse "UJ. Ploskonka CW. Renner *R.C. Reynard D.R. Robbins A. Savitski B.L. Smith °TJ. Thorpe B.G. Waddingham TR. Way L.¥. Woo G. K, Worthington C.E, Zarnitz D. Ziegler *Advitor KCH Services, Ine. Viatec, Inc. Consultant DuPont Engineering DuPont Teflon® Films RL Industries, Inc. Dow Chemical Prolite Plastics Limited CPF Dualam, Ine. BFGoodrich Consultant HPG International Renner Associates, Inc. SCP Global Technologies Philip Services Corp Edison Welding Institute Met-Pro Corp.—Duall Division Boeing Isothermal Community College ReynoldsTech Fabricators, Inc. Fabricated Plastics Limited Atlas Minerals and Chemicals, Inc. Wegener NA, Inc. ‘The subcommittee would like to thank Dr. Detlef Ven Hofe of DVS for his contributions to this standard& Foreword not part of AWS GI.10M:2001, Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and ‘Heated Tool But Thermoplastic Welds, buts included for information purposes only.) sr hurpose of plastics welding inspection i to determine if plastics weldment mess the acceptance e Free Gace ther standard or other document. The plastics welding inspector must be thoroughly leiiar a Meld teats pean astcs welding procedures, plastics welder qualifaion, material the Hotton of pases mene pee te able tread drawings, prepare and Keep records, prepare and make reports and make responsi fede rea ed is welding inspectors to be effective, the activites performed shouldbe consistent win the reo ‘ments, and technical and ethical principles. crete Gl Committee on Joining Pasics and Composites was formed in 1989 by indusuy and academic experts interested in providing process information and test standards for rating the weldability of pa Joints; features, descriptions, evaluation, was used extensively in the creation ofthis standard, comments and suggestions for theimprovement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent tothe Secreta AILS Gt, Committee on Joining of Plastics and Composites, American Welding Society, 550 NW. Lelewre Road, mi, FL 33126, aaicial interpretation of any of the technical requirements ofthis standard may be oblained by ending a request, in Fy eit be eenanaging Ditector, Technical Services Division, American Welding Socely see Annex C). A forral ‘eply willbe issued aftr ithas been reviewed by the appropriate personnel following established prosedures“ Table of Contents Page No. Personnel... -- Foreword. 1, Scope, Purpose, and Range of Application. 2. Referenced Documents. 3. Definitions. 4, Evaluation Groups .. 4.1 Classification 4.2 Criteria for Establishment. 5, Requirements for Welded Joints. . 5.1 Quality Features for Clasifiaton of the Weld (Annexes VII though IX).. 6, Details In Engineering Data... 7. Testing and Evaluation, 7.1 Evaluation... 72. Reworking Defective Welded Foints 73. Overlapping Defects. 8 Acceptance... Annexes—Mandatory.tnformation Annex I—Cracks.. Annes Il—Voids Annex Il —Solid Inclusions... Annex 1V—Lack of Fusion... Annex V—Defects of Shape Annex Vi—Other Defects. ‘Annex Vit—Descrition of Evaluation Groups for Hot Gas Fan and Speed Wel... Annex VIlI—Description of Evaluation Groups for Hot Gas Extrusion Welds. Annex 1X—Description of Evaluation Groups for Heated Tool Butt Welds Annexes—Nonmandatory Information Annex A—Other Document. 29 Annex B—Document Sources . 31 “Annex C—Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquiries for AWS Technical Committees 33 35 AWS List of Documents on Plastics Welding‘AWS @1.10M2001 Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds 1. Scope, Purpose, and Range of Application 1.1 These guidelines list and describe defects in welded joints in thermoplastic materials. The objective is to rake posible a generally valid evaluation giving consi. eration to graded quality requirements, 1.2 By classification into one of the evaluation groups in 4.1, specific defects can be excluded or kept within limits when welded joints ate produced. 1.3 The application of these guidelines and the measures, through which they can be met may be included in con- {ractual specification or form part ofthe generally recog- nized specifications. 1.4 Welding Processes, Defects produced by the follow-. ing welding processes are addressed. This guide applies “= to the Following processes: ‘Annex Hot gas fan (rod) welding, Vit Hot gas speed welding VIL Hot gas extrusion welding. vin Heated tool butt welding. Ix 1.5 Materials. These guidelines apply to welded joints ‘on components and systems made from the engineering thermoplastics listed below Abbreviation Material Description ECTFE Ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene ETFE Ethylene tetrafluaroethylene FEP Fluorinated ethylene-propylene MFA Perfluoromethylvinylether MPTFE PFA modified PTFE PE-HD High density polyethylene (tigid PE) PRA Perftuoroalkoxy PP-B Polypropylene block copolymer PP-H Polypropylene homopolymer PPR Polypropylene random copolymer PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene PVC-C Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Abbreviation Material Description PVC-HI —_High-impact polyvinyl chloride PVC-U _Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (rigid PVC) PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF/HFP Polyvinylidene fluoride/hexaftuoropropylene 1.6 The use of these guidelines for welding other thermo- plastic materials must be agreed upon between the cus- tomer and the fabricator. 1.7 This standard makes use of the International System of Units (S). 1.8 Safety. The activities described in this document may bring the user of this standard in contact with processes and materials that may be hazardous to the user's health, Safety precautions mandated by OSHA and recommen- dations for material handling in MSDS sheets should be observed, The fabricator's operating manual and safely instructions should always be carefully studied and com= plied with when operating equipment, Note: This standard may involve hazardous materials, op- ‘erations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all ofthe safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate Safety and health practices. The user should determine the applicability of any regulatory limitations prior to use 2. Referenced Documents Reference should be made to the latest edition of the following documents: ASTM C 904 Standard Terminology Relating to Chemical- Resistant Nonmetallic Materials! 1. ASTM documents ate available from the American Society for Testing and Muterials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho- hocken, PA 19428-2959,AWS G1.t0M:2001 ASTM D 5162 Test Method B: Standard Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of Non. conducive Protective Coating on Metallic ‘Substrates! ‘Standard Welding Terms and Definitions? AWS A3.0 3. Definitions ‘The terms used in this specification are defined in ASTM C906, Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonmetallic Materials, and AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Exceptions, within the context of this standard, are listed below with their definitions. bead-stop crack. A crack occurring atthe restarting of a Weld due to the thermal characteristics of an over- stressed weld rod. Thermoplastic materials exhibit thermal characteristics that contribute to this condition. shrinkage groove. Insufficiency of material on the late eral edges of the weld due to the high thermal shrink- ‘age or expansion characteristics of thermoplastics; this resembles an undercut or underfill weld. ‘spark testing. An electronic test to locate discontinuities in a nonconductive material backed by a conductive substrate (Reference ASTM D 5162, Test Method B), Void. An unfilled space within a weld, 4, Evaluation Groups 4.1 Classification. Specific requirements are established for the intended service of a component, particularly re- garding the quality of the welded joints, The following classification is used as a basis, so thatthe fabricator and ingpecior know the extent of the measures required for quality controt with regard to welding. Evaluation Group Requirement Level 1 High requirements for reliability and/or intended service u Medium requirements for reliability and/or intended service. uw Low requirements for reliability and/or intended service. 2. AWS documents are available from Global Engineering Doc- uments, An Information Hanéling Services Group Company, 15 laverness Wey East, Englewood, Colorado 80112-5776. Tele- phones (800) 854-7179, (303) 397-7986; FAX (303) 397-2740; Tnteanet: ww: global. is.com, ‘The requirements to be established forthe welded joints ‘on a component should in each case be resticted to those ‘which are necessary and appropriate forthe application, 42 Criteria for Establishment. Inthe establishment of the evaluation groups, the following factors, among others, should be taken into account: (1) level and type of stress (fr example static, dyn (2) thermoplastic material (for example viscous, brite) ) operating conditions (for example. stationary, mobile, environmental) (4) production conditions (for example workshop, construction site) (3) potential hazards (for example hazardous gases and/or bazardous fluids) 5. Requirements for Welded Joints 5.1 Quality Features for Classification of the Weld (Annexes VII through IX). The requirements for classi- fying a welded joint within a particular quality grade are established in the evaluation groups, In the majority of cases, requirements ate established forthe joint listing specific features, and describing them with reference to the intemal and external state of the joint. By using Annexes VII through IX, it is possible to specify requirements for the quality of welding. Using individual features, ie. through the type and extent of the defects, an evaluation of welded joints can then be under- taken (for example, as part of the acceptance procedure for the component) 5.1.1 Requirements for Characteristics. This covers adgitonal data such ast, (1) deformation resistance (or example welding factor) (2) ductility (For example bending angle to racking) ) resistance to chemical attack (For example reis- tance factor) 8.1.2 Requirements for Post Weld Treatment. In certain eases, it may be necessary to process the weld Joint for the following reasons: (1) dynamic stress (for example notch-ftee transitions) (2) to smooth weld surfaces (for example lining) (3) to improve flow behavior (for example internal beads) (8) for technical inspection It is advisable to test and/or evaluate the weld both before and after machining. 6. Details in Engineering Data Requirements for welded joints ate to be specific the contract documentation that is binding for fabrication(for example, working drawing, welding diagram), with reference to this standard. As a rule itis sufficient 1 dance with the following example: WZ-WV-IL where 1 weld in aécér- i WZ = abbreviation for the welding process V_ = welding symbol and measurements Il = evaluation group code Should all the welded joints on 2 component come under the same evaluation group, then it can be entered in a space provided for this purpose on the drawing, Example: All welded joints as per evaluation group I (see 4.1), Additional requirements for specification of the char= acteristics of welded joints and for machining are also to bbe noted in the engineering data, 7. Testing and Evaluation Visual inspection, measurements and, where neces- sary, suitable non-destructive or destructive testing. pro- cedures are to be used to verify thatthe requirements for the individual welding groups have becn met. Testing may be carried out on the welded joints of the compo- nent. Specific characteristics can also be verified on test pieces that are fabricated under comparable conditions. ‘The nature and extent of the tests, together with their- timing, are to be agiged upon between the customer and the fabricator. The test results are to be documented. 7.1 Evaluation, The test results form the basis for the classification of welded joins into one ofthe three evalu- ation groups by welding process, in accordance with An- nexes VII through IX. Arinexes 1 through VI define ‘AWS G1.10M:2001 imperfections in weld joints, and should be used in the evaluation and documentation process. The test reports should be used to determine points where the results do not correspond with the requirements. Should the com- ponent, or individual welded joints, not correspond to the evaluation group specified (4.1), then it or they must be reworked, 7.2 Reworking Defective Welded Joints. When allowed under the contract and insofar as the inspector considers it possible, defective welded joints may be reworked. ‘The purpose of reworking operations is to obtain the ‘welded joint quality established by the requirements. If necessary, the results should be determined by additional testing 73 Overlapping Defects. Should two or more types of defect arise simultaneously on welded joints, the cumu- lative effect of the individual defects may result in more than the sum, Tests should then be carried out to ascer- tain whether the welded joint still meets the requirements established or whether restrictions have to be imposed as regards safety and quality standards because of the accu- ‘mulation of defects. In certain circumstances, the compo- nent oF its Welded joints should be re-classified into another evaluation group. 8. Acceptance Insofar as tests on the welded component confirm that it meets the requirements established in the technical documentation, the welded component shall be consid- cred as being accepted and documented. Should the re- {quirements not be met, and should reworking not be possible, then the fabricator and the end user should teach an agreement on the disposition of the welded ‘component.Annex | Cracks [AWS G1.10M:2001 (This Annex is @ part of AWS G1.10M:2001, Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds, and includes mandatory requirements for use with this standard.) No. | Designation Notes Mustations 100 | Crack Break in continuity which may occur during cooling or through the action of stress, in the solid state 1001 | Microcrack | Crack having microscopie dimensions 101 | Longitudinal | Crack whose main direction is close to that of the crac axis ofthe weld, ean be situated: 1011 + inthe weld 1011 1012 + in the fusion zone (weld junction) 1013 + in the heat affected zone ror + inthe base material a 1014 1012 102 | transverse | Crack whose direction is more or lesgperpendicular crack to the axis ofthe weld, It can be situated: 1021 + inthe weld 1021 1022 + in the heat-affected zone oe 1023 + im the base material 1072 103 | Radiating | Group of cracks issuing fom a single point and crack situate: 1031 inthe weld ace 1032 + in the heat-affected zone fost 1033 + inthe base material 1093 104 | Bead-stop | Crack occurring at the bead-stop, and which may be: crack 1041 + parallet Lo 1042 + perpendicular 1043 + radiating so#r 102 1083 (Continued)‘Awe G1.10¥2001 Annex I—Cracks (Continued) No. | Designation Notes stations 305 | Groupot | Seto groped crack of any orlenation, which may disconnected | be stunted enels 1051 + inthe weld 1052 + inthe heaatfeced zone 1083 © inthe base material 106 | Branching | Setofinerconseaied ect inthe form of branching omk and dsingushable from the network of disconnected ‘eracks (105) and from radiating eracks (103). They maybe stunted: 1061 inthe weld 1061 1062 + inthe heaaffeced zone 1063 * in the base material see 1068we Annex II Voids ‘AWS G1.10M:2001 (This Annex isa part of AWS G1.10M:2001, Guide forthe Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds, and includes mandatory requirements for use with this standard.) No. | Designation Notes lsttions 201 | Gas void | Void formed by asles) 2011 | Spheroidalgas | More or leas spherical ga void pore ao ‘Spherodal gas weds regulary distbted inthe weld. To be dsingushed fom @o14), 2018 (Group of as vids (Glostered) Gast 2018 2014 | Linear voids “| Gas voids distribed along a ioe parallel othe = tris ofthe weld 2014 2014 2015 | Elongated | Large non spheroidal gas void whose main void dimension is pall tothe axis ofthe weld senoaly stunted close tothe rot - =< 2018 2016 2016 | Wormbole | Gas void inthe fom ofa worm gallery inthe weld, wore resulting fom the advance ofthe gases. Sometimes 2016 inheringboe pater. Some wormoles can open = ‘out onto the surface. NOP 2a 2016 2018 e Sess (Continued)‘Aws c1.10M2001 Annex II—Voids (Continued) a No. | Designation Notes stations 2017 | Surtace pore | Small gas void opening out on the sua 202 | Shrinkage | Void ue wo srintage of weld ding policidenion 2024 | Beadstop or | Void (or depression at pas-end not eliminaed void befor or ring the cxcaton of he flowing pss [ aeae os TovesAnnex III Solid Inclusions ‘AWS Gi.10M:2001, (This Annex i a part of AWS G1.10M:2001, Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds, and includes mandatory requirements for use with this standard ) No. | Designation Notes lustations 300 | Sotid inclusion | Foreign solid body trapped in the weld 303 | Oxides (Oxides or burns rapped inthe weld inclusion 304 | Sundry Particle of foteign body trapped inthe weld inclusionAnnex IV Lack of Fusion ‘AWS G1.10M:2001 (This Annex isa part of AWS GI.10M:2001, Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Too! Butt Thermoplastic Welds, and includes mandatory requirements for use with his standard) No. | Designation Notes ustatons 401 | Lackof fusion | Lackof fusion between deposited and base materia (iacompete | orbetween two adjacent layer of deposited fusion). material One must distinguish between aon + ihe lack of lateral fusion or + the lack of fsion between weld passes ois aor 4013 + the lack of sion athe oot ofthe weld 4013 402 | Lackor Partial absence of fesion ofthe edges tobe welded, interior fusion, | allowing an unfused area to remain between these FU or incomplete | edges penetration f ace aoe fao2Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds, and includes mandatory re Annex V ‘AWS G1.10M2001 Defects of Shape (This Annex is a part of AWS G1.10M:2001, Guide forthe Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated ments for use with standard.) undercut along a certain length of the edges of the weld, je" tore oa |e = = reinforcement ye poe dei (Continued) 13AWS G1.10M:2001 Annex V—Defects of Shape (Continued) Beco [Ee Yo ‘by measurement of a level difference Ea Se: misalignment [:svelded pieces { Su Underfill ‘Local or continuous insufficiency of weld leading 5 to a bead profile which has shrunk relative to the st ete : 5i2_| Symmeny + Non-symmetrical lash defect + Non-symmettical angle weld C B12 Frcessive variation in wold widhh Sid | Irregular ‘Excessive ircegulaity in surface of weld trop | Recpun Sout Fay) Pow ean | Loney ute iain fa ee = a" ie es | wa se eee 4oa ve Annex VI Other Defects ‘AWS G1.10M:2001 (This Annex is a part of AWS G1.10M:2001, Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds, and includes mandatory requirements for use with this standard.) No. | Designation Notes Mustrations 600 [ Other defects | Defects not included in Annexes I, I, Il, TV, and V 601 | Thermal heat | Superficial alteration resulting from the accidental damage action of a source of heat. It may affect: ou the weld 012 + the hea-affeeted zone 6013, + the base material 603 | Mechanicat | Local damage to the base material damage 6031 Local damage due to an incorrect grinding of miling 6032 Local damage duc to an incorrect scraping 604 | Leg tength | Dimensional deviation ofthe specified leg lengths éefect ofthe weld 15Annex VII Description of Evaluation Groups . for Hot Gas Fan and Speed Welds. (This Annex is a part of AWS G1.10M:2001, Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated ool Butt Thermoplastic Welds, and includes mandatory requirements for use with this standard.) ‘AWS G1.10M:2001 No. Feature Description Evaluation Groups m1 External state of surface of V-welds and: double V-welds 7 ack Told cracks orgoupsof | Not permissible | Noi permis | Not pemisibe tracks wih and witou ftanching running welt They en i Tinie wea “te base mate “nthe heat affected zone 2 Welding veep Naked deepening Whichean | Rov pemissbte | Locally Tally : te seen andy songor permiateit | permissible it L = >0) between individual welding. k>o k>0 tds cused by fo enampe ; 5 poor welding rod uidnce 3 Under Tics in base material | Not peemisibe Tosly Tong weld nus, for permstieit | pemieedt as | coe Frcngtat | ening Mat Nal S pencration of dic edge deeOintu | Arete but : + Rchnng of wes eee r hoatisacory edge zone welling Incorpo pveraton | Notches caused by Tor permissible | Not peste | Locally Treomplte eld ing st per in toot duet forexampl Fined mumbers seorating angie o sral itasc0ts "CW = Lt during edge preparation + root gap too small + root rod too + welding force too small (Continued) 7‘AWS G1.10M:2001 Annex Vil—Description of Evaluation Groups for Hot Gas Fan and Speed Welds (Continued) Evaluation Groups CDRS | + + ee 4, saa | compesed singer bead | rumbersit | mar= 3mm | max= 4mm “WD Ru" Seats me 4 ‘s oF * 4 are not compensated €2< 0.155, but | €:<0.25,but |e < 0.25s, but ° 2 | misaligned ut woe 11 Weld intersections (Diagram) For example: [Not permissible permissible "Not permissible (Continued) 18[AWS G1.10M:2001 Annex Vil—Description of Evaluation Groups for Hot Gas Fan and Speed Welds (Continued) Evaluation Groups No. Feature Description 1 1 mt 12 Wavy weld surface ‘Waviness running vertical 10 Continuously | Continuously ‘weld in finishing pass, caused permissible | permissible by, for example: . + welding force and speed non-uniformly distributed 13 Rough weld surface Fine open bubbles, streaks, or | Isolated cases | Limitedareas | Permissible nodules and the like, caused | permissible | permissible by, for example: + ity welding shoe + hot gas temperature too high 14 Start fault Incomplete welded eross | Not permissible | Small reduction | Permissible section a star or end of weld incross section permissible Without abrupt ransition 15 Heat damage Discoloration, nodule [Not permissible | Isolated cases | Limited areas formation, high-gloss weld permissible | permissible faces and similar defects External state of weld surface of fillet welds es BA VA LS BW. aoa | Heine 2 »‘AWS G1.10M:2001 Annex Vil—Description of Evaluation Groups for Hot Gas Fan and‘Speed Welds (Continued) Evaluation Groups horizontally or vertically in the weld or on the weld edges, caused by, for example: . * welding iemperature too Tow + din joint faces No. Feature Description 1 1 Mm 18 Incompletely welded cross | Weld geometry not to [Not permissible | Permissible if | Permissible it section standard z< 0158 z<03a Internal state of V.welds and fillet welds 19 Pores and foreign material Numerous dispersed, isolated | Small isolated | Pores and pore | Pores and pore inclusions ‘ot locally concentrated pores} pores rows or inclusions, eg, due to: | permissible it | permissible if | permissible it 8 | + vaporization during 4s < 0.058 4s <0.18, As <0.15 welding (water, solvent) + dirty heated too! 20 Lack of fusion Lack of fasion running [Not permissible | Not permissible | Not permissible 20AWS G1.10¥:2001 ae Annex VIII Description of Evaluation Groups for Hot Gas Extrusion Welds (This Annex is a part of AWS G1.10M:2001, Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds, and includes mandatory requirements for use with this standard.) No, Feature Description 1 0 m1 External state of surface of V-welds or double V.welds 1 Crack Isolated cracks or groups of | Not permissible | Not permissible | Not permissible cracks with and without Dire branching, cunning lengthwise or crosswise to weld. They can li + inthe weld + inthe base material + inthe heat-affected zone 2 Undereut ‘Continuous or loca Nat Not permissible. | Locatly Locally deformations lengthwise to permissible if | permissible it weld, caused by, for exemple: k>0 k>o + feu in welding shoe + fault in welding unit suidance Notes inbase material | Locally Continuously | Continsously slong wel, eased by, for | permissibieat | permiasibleit_ | permissible ‘48 | example: ending flatand | ending flat and | ending flat and L P| Spetaionotwettstoc | Soedintu | sredintu | scoot : LD Rt ees, maxe2mm. | mxe3em + processing of edge zone + processing of eg 4 Inadequate edge one welding | Inadequate covering of | Notpermisible | Locally permis: | Contiuoosy stldng grove edge on one Sbtewih noth: | permisbe ih 4b: is ‘or both sides. free transition notch-free Nominal dimension tod'>2mm | transom and y boomin tbe tm (Continued) 21‘AWS G1.106:2001 Annex Vill—Description of Evaluation Groups for Hot Gas Extrusion Welds (Continued) No. Feature Evaluation groups 1 1 Lb by, for example: Fimited num. | max=1 mm * Lo, LAL | "ep an weld it beri } T OT | « reat opening oo sma max = Tmom 7 st keane a + welding force too great max=2mm =| maxe3mm — | max= 4mm VAIS. « 4 welding shoe ‘but max = 6mm | 5, but max = ‘but max = 12) s ar + welding force too small 9mm mm Ab. b without sufficient fusion to numbers if Ab 0.15, > 0.15s, are not compensated e:>0.15s, but | €,> 0.25, but max=2mm | max=4mm 32 Angular misalignment Length, L,of shorter side is | Permissible up | Permissible up (elects of form) (Diagram) | decisive for permis toccsimm | tecs2mm |.toe 0-7, b> 06d: Permissible if| by > 0.5b; 8 Thermal damage High-gloss welding fash face with voids or nodules, usually associated with faulty ‘welding fash formation and marked bead notches, ‘Not permissible ‘Not permissible 9 Lack of fusion ZLUSS 'No fusion of incomplete fusion on joint faces, over pat or whole of weld ross section. Caused by, for example * contaminated joint faces + oxidized joint faces, + excessive reversal time + heated too! temperature too Tow Not permissible [Not permissible ‘Not permissible 10 Blowhole ZAIN Hollow space in joint planes Caused by, for example: insufficient joint pressure + insufficient cooling time Not permissible "Not permissible Not permissible (Continues) 26‘AWS G1.t0M:2001 Annex IX—Description of Evaluation Groups for Heated Tool Butt Welds (Continued) Evaluation Groups No, Feature Desetiption I i 11 Pores caused by inclusions of ‘Numerous, dispersed, isolated | Small isolated {foreign matter ‘or locally concentrated pores. | por ‘or inclusions. Caused by, for | permissible if of pores permissible it | permissible if Ae 48 | example: ’s<005s | As<010s | As < 0.155, A + vaporization during = ‘welding (water, solvent) + contaminated heated tool face ores and rows | Pores and rows *Clasification criteria under scrutiny by DVS. 27rie ‘AWS G1.10M:2001 Annex A Other Documents (This Annex is not a part of AWS G1.10M:2001, Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Too! Butt Thermoplastic Welds, but is included for information purposes only.) Al. DVS (German Welding Society) Designation Title Recommendations DVS 2205-3 Calculations of containers and apparatus, Supplement 3 moplastcs, welded joints Designaon Tie Supplement 3 of thermopl F — ; DVS 2205-4 Calculation of thermoplastic tanks and DVS 2201-2 Testing of semi-finished products of Supplement 4 apparatuses--Welded langes, welded thermoplastics: Weldabilty—Test meth- collars—Constructve details cods-—Requirements DVS 2205-5 Calculation of thermoplastic tanks and DVS 2202-1 Imperfections in thermoplastic welded apparatuses; Rectangular tanks joints —Features, description, evaluation \ a DVS 2207-1 Welding of thermoplastics—Heated DVS 2203-1 “Testing of Welded Joints of Thermo- tool welding of pipes, pipeline, com- plastics semi-finished products—Test” ponents and sheets made form PE-HD Uabiseetrases peat DVS 2207-3 Hot gas welding of thermoplastic poly- DVS 2203-2 Testing of Welded Joints of Thermo- ‘mers; panels and pipes Ee nena ile Texel etl DVS 2207-3 Hot gas welding of thermoplastic poly= DVS 2203-3. ‘Testing of Welded Joints of Thermo- Supplement _mers; panels and pipes; welding param- eters for HDPE and PP + plastics; tensile impact test DVS 2207-11 Welding of thermoplasties—Heated tool welding of pipes, pipeline, com- ponents and sheets out of PP DVS 2203-4 Testing of Welded Joints of Thermo- plastics plates and tubes—Tensile Coe am DVS 2207-15 Weleing. of hemoplaies—Hentes DVS 22035 Telng of Welded Joins of Themo- eae aasicreriete cued plone pes an berTahneoge tol wel of pies pti, Eben est DVS 2208-1 Welding of thermoplastics Machines Dvezeec) ems eae ce eee sora Suga vene eres Sipe panefeonancaa ced DVS 2205-2 Welded satic thermoplastic ans DVS2200-1__Weldng of thermoplastics etsion Supplement Inslaion sige ngs eens DVS 2205-2 Calculation of thermoplastic tanks and DVS 2209-2 Welding of thermoplastics—Hot gas ‘Supplement 2 apparatus—Vertical cylindrical non: extrusion welding—Requirements for pressurized tanks—Collecting devices welding machines and tools, 29 TT‘AWS G1.10M:2001 Designation Dvs 2211 DVs 2212-1 “Ds 22122 Dvs 2213 Tie Filler materials of thermoplastic ‘Scope, designation, requirements, tests Examination of plastic welders exami- nation—Group I—Hot Gas. welding with torch separate from filler rod (WF), hot gas string-bead welding (W2), heated tool butt welding (HS) Examination of plastic welders— Examination group Il—Hot gas extu- sion welding for 30 Designation Title DVS2214 Regulations forthe examination ofthe specialist for plastics welding A2. DIN (German) Standard? ‘Designation Title DIN 1910, Welding —Weldng of Plats; Processes DIN32502 Imperfections in plastic welded joints; Classification, terminology 3. DIN s the national standards institution for Germany. DIN is ‘the German equivalent of ANSI.‘AWS Gi.10M:2001 Annex B os Document Sources (This Annex is not a part of AWS G1.10M:2001, Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds, but is included for information purposes only.) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 ‘Telephone: 610-832-9585 ‘American Welding Society (AWS) 550 N.W. LeJeune Road Miami, FL 33126 ‘Telephone: 800-443.9353 31 DIN DVS-Verlag GmbH (German Welding Society) Aachener Strasse 172 D-40223 Dsseldorf Germany ‘Telephone: +49/211/15 91.0we AWS G1.10M:2001 Annex C ~ Guidelines for Preparation of Technical Inquiries for AWS Technical Committees (This Annex is not a part of AWS G1.10M:2001, Guide for the Evaluation of Hot Gas, Hot Gas Extrusion, and Heated Tool Butt Thermoplastic Welds, but is included for information purposes only.) C1. Introduction ‘The AWS Board of Directors has adopted a policy whereby all official interpretations of AWS standards ‘will be handled in a formal manner. Under that policy, all interpretations are made by the committee that is respon- sible for the standard. Official communication concern- ing an interpretation is through the AWS staff member who works with that committee. The policy requires that all requests for an interpretation be submitted in writing, Such requests will be handled as expeditiously as poss ble but due to the camplexity of the work and the proce- dures that must be Followed, some interpretations may require considerable time. C2, Procedure All inquiries must be directed to: Managing Director, Technical Services American Welding Society 550 N.W, Leleune Read Miami, FL 33126 All inquiries must contain the name, address, and af- filition of the inquirer, and they must provide enough in- formation for the committee o fully understand the point of concern in the inquiry. Where that point is not clearly defined, the inquiry will be returned for clarification. For efficient handling, all inquiries should be typewritten and should also be in the format used here. €2.1 Scope. Each inquiry must address one single provi- sion of the standard, uniess the point of the inquiry volves two or more interrelated provisions. ‘That 33 provision must be identified in the scope of the inquiry, along with the edition of the standard that contains the provisions or that the Inquirer is addressing, C2.2 Purpose of the Inquiry. The purpose of the inquiry ‘must be stated in this portion of the inquiry. The purpose ccan be either to obtain an interpretation of a standard re- quirement, orto request the revision ofa particular provi- sion in the standard. C23 Content of the Inquiry. The inquiry should be concise, yet complete, to enable the committe to quickly and fully understand the point of the inquiry. Sketches should be used when appropriate and all paragraphs, fi ures, and tables (or the Annex), which bear on the i 4uiry must be cited. Ifthe point of the inquiry is to obtain a revision of the standard, the inquiry must provide tech- nical justification for that revision. C24 Proposed Reply. The inquirer should, as a pro- posed reply, state an interpretation of the provision that is the point of the inquiry, or the wording for a proposed r vision, if that is what inquirer seeks. C3. Interpretation of Provisions of the Standard Interpretations of provisions of the standard are made by the relevant AWS Technical Commitiee. The secre- tary of the committee refers all inquiries to the chairman of the pacticular subcommittee that has jurisdiction over the portion of the standard addressed by the inquiry. The subcommittee reviews the inquiry and the proposed reply to determine what the response to the inquiry should be. Following the subcommittee’s development of the re- sponse, the inquiry and the response are presented to the‘AWS G1.10M:2001 * entire committee for review and approval. Upon'spproval by the commitee, the interpretation will bean offcia’in- terpretation of the Society, andthe secretary will transmit the response to the inquirer and to the Welding Journal C5. Telephone Inquiries Telephone inquiries to AWS Headquarters concerning AWS standards should be limited to questions of a gen- eral nature or to matters directly related to the use of the Standard. The Board of Directors’ policy requites that all AWS staff members respond to a telephone request for an official interpretation of any AWS standard with the information that such an interpretation can be obtained only through a writen request. The Headquarters staff cannot provide consulting services. The staff can, how- ever, refer a caller to any of those consultants whose names are on file at AWS Headquarters. C6. The AWS Technical Committee ‘The activities of AWS Technical Committees in regard to interpretations, are limited strictly tothe interpretation of provisions of standards prepared by the committee or to consideration of revisions to existing provisions on the basis of new data or technology. Neither the committee nor the staff is in & position to offer interpretive ot con- sulting services on: (1) specific engineering problems, or (2) requirements of standards applied to fabrications out- Side the scope of the document or points not specifically ‘covered by the standard, In such cases, the inquirer should seck assistance from a competent engineer experi- ay soa ‘AWS G1.10M:2001 AWS List of Documents on Plastics Welding AWS Designation Title GL2MIG1.2 Specification for Standardized Ultrasonic Welding Test Specimen for Thermoplastics For ordering information, contact Global Engineering Documents, An Information Handling Services Group Company, 15 Iaverness Way East, Englewood, Colorado 80112-5776. Telephones: (800) 854-7179, (303) 387-7956; FAX (303) 397-2740; Internet: wove global is. com 35