Ejercicio 2.1.

Calcular las primitivas de las siguientes funciones y establecer sus

intervalos de validez:

1.
𝒇 𝒙 = (𝒆𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 1 − 1 3 𝑑𝑥

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑒 31 𝑑𝑥 − 2 𝑒 1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 1 2 𝑒 31 − 2 𝑒 1 + 𝑥 + ℂ

∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

2.
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 𝒆𝟑𝒙

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 1 𝑒 ;1 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 ;1
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 1 3 𝑒 ;1
𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 ∴
𝑢 = 𝑥 3 − 1 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 1 3 𝑒 ;1 𝑥 3 − 1 − 2 3 𝑥 𝑒 ;1 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 ;1
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 = 1 3 𝑒 ;1
𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑣 𝑑𝑢 ∴
𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 1 𝑑𝑥

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 1 3 𝑥 3 − 1 𝑒 ;1 − 2 3 1 3 𝑥 𝑒 ;1 − 1 3 𝑒 ;1 𝑑𝑥

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 1 3 𝑥 3 − 1 𝑒 ;1 − 2 9 𝑥 𝑒 ;1 + 2 27 𝑒 ;1

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 1 3 𝑥 3 𝑒 ;1 − 1 3 𝑒 ;1 − 2 9 𝑥 𝑒 ;1 + 2 27 𝑒 ;1

;1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑒 3
27 9 𝑥 − 6 𝑥 − 7

∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ
 1

3.
𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟓

1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 + 5

1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−1 𝑥−5

1 𝑎 𝑏
⇒ = +
𝑥−1 𝑥−5 𝑥−1 𝑥−5

= 𝑎 𝑥 − 5 + 𝑏 𝑥 − 1 = 1

= 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑥 + −5𝑎 − 𝑏 = 1 → ∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∴ 𝑥 = 0

𝑎+𝑏 =0 −𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑏 = −𝑎 𝑏=1 4
= = = =
−5𝑎 − 𝑏 = 1 −5𝑎 + 𝑎 = 1 −4 𝑎 = 1 𝑎 = −1 4

1 1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = − 1 4 𝑑𝑥 + 1 4 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−1 𝑥−5

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = − 1 4 ln 𝑥 − 1 + 1 4 ln 𝑥 − 5

N
𝑥−5 𝑥−5 O
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 1 4 ln = ln +ℂ
𝑥−1 𝑥−1

∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ 𝑥 < 1, 𝑥>5

4.
𝟏
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝟏 + 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟐

1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥3
 2
1 1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
3
1 3 1 3
𝑥3 + 𝑥 + + 𝑥+ +
4 4 2 4

√3

2 𝜃
1
𝑥+
2

1 1
𝑥+ 𝑥 + = 3 2 cot 𝜃
⇒ cot 𝜃 = 2 = 2𝑥 + 1 ∴ 2
3 3
𝑑𝑥 = − 3 2 csc 𝜃 3 𝑑𝜃
2
1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = − 3 2 csc 𝜃 3 𝑑𝜃
3
3 3
2 cot 𝜃 +
4

3
1 csc 𝜃
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = − 3 2 csc 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = − 3 2 3
𝑑𝜃
3 3+3
3 cot 𝜃 3 +1
4 cot 𝜃 2
4

csc 𝜃 3
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = − 𝑑𝜃 = − csc 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = ln csc 𝜃 + cot 𝜃 + ℂ
csc 𝜃

2 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 + 1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = ln + ; 𝑎 =
3 3 3

2𝑥 + 1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = ln 𝑎 + 𝑎3 + 1 = sinh\N 𝑎 = sinh\N +ℂ
3

∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ

5.
 3
𝟏−𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑
1 1−𝑥
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
4 𝑥3 − 𝑥 − 3 4

1 1−𝑥
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
4 𝑥−3 2 𝑥+1 2
1−𝑥 𝑎 𝑏
⇒ = +
𝑥−3 2 𝑥+1 2 𝑥−3 2 𝑥+1 2

= 𝑎 𝑥 + 1 2 + 𝑏 𝑥 − 3 2 = 1 − 𝑥

= 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑎 2 − 3 𝑏 2 = 1 − 𝑥

𝑎 + 𝑏 = −1 𝑎 =− 𝑏+1 𝑎 =− 𝑏+1 𝑎 = −1 4
= 𝑎 − 3 𝑏 = 1 = = =
2 2 − 𝑏 + 1 2 − 3 𝑏 2 = 1 −2 𝑏 = 3 2 𝑏 = −3 4

1 1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = − 1 16 𝑑𝑥 − 3 16 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−3 2 𝑥+1 2
−2 2
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = − 1 16 𝑑𝑥 − 3 16 𝑑𝑥
3 − 2 𝑥 2 𝑥 + 1

⟹ 𝑢 = 3 − 2𝑥, 𝑑𝑢 = −2 𝑑𝑥; 𝑤 = 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑑𝑤 = 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 3 𝑑𝑤
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = − 1 16 − 16
𝑢 𝑤

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = − 1 16 ln 𝑢 − 3 16 ln 𝑤

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 1 16 − ln 3 − 2𝑥 + 3 ln 2𝑥 + 1 +ℂ

1 3
∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ − <𝑥<
2 2
6.
 4
𝟐
𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 =
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏

𝑥3
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 + 3 4𝑥 3 − 1

𝑥3
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 − 1

𝑥3 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
⇒ = + +
2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 − 1 2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 − 1

= 𝑎 4𝑥 3 − 1 + 𝑏 2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 − 1 + 𝑐 2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 3

= 4𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 4𝑐 𝑥 3 + 4𝑏 + 8𝑐 𝑥 + −𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 3𝑐 = 𝑥 3

4𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 4𝑐 = 1 4𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 4𝑐 = 1 4𝑎 − 4𝑐 = 1 𝑎 =𝑐+1 4
= 4𝑏 + 8𝑐 = 0 = 𝑏 = −2𝑐 = 𝑏 = −2𝑐 = 𝑏 = −2𝑐
−𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 3𝑐 = 0 −𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 3𝑐 = 0 −𝑎 + 9𝑐 = 0 8𝑐 = 1 4

𝑎 = 9 32
= 𝑏 = − 1 16
𝑐 = 1 32

1 1 1
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 9 32 𝑑𝑥 − 1 16 𝑑𝑥 + 1 32 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 − 1

2 −2 −2
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 9 64 𝑑𝑥 − 1 32 𝑑𝑥 + 1 64 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 + 3 −2𝑥 − 1 1 − 2𝑥

⟹ 𝑢 = 2𝑥 + 3, 𝑑𝑢 = 2 𝑑𝑥; 𝑣 = −2𝑥 − 1, 𝑑𝑣 = −2 𝑑𝑥;

𝑤 = 1 − 2𝑥, 𝑑𝑤 = −2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑣 1 𝑑𝑤
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 9 64 − 32 + 64
𝑢 𝑣 𝑤

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 9 64 ln 𝑢 − 1 32 ln 𝑣 + 1 64 ln 𝑤
𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 1 64 9 ln 𝑢 − 2 ln 𝑣 + ln 𝑤
 5

𝐼𝑛 𝑥 = 1 64 9 ln 2𝑥 + 3 − 2 ln −2𝑥 − 1 + ln 1 − 2𝑥 +ℂ

3 1
∀ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ − <𝑥<−
2 2