PUENTE TIPO LOSA

DATOS GENERALES
L= 15 m F°c = 280 kg/cm2
ancho = 4.8 m Concreto Ec = 250000 kg/cm2
h asfalto = 0.05 m ɣc = 2500 kg/m3
Peatonal = 400 kg/m2 F°y = 4200 kg/cm2
Acero
S/C Vehicular = HL - 93 Es = 2000000 kg/cm2
Baranda = 100 kg/m Asfalto ɣasf = 2200 kg/m3
vereda = 0.6 m superior = 5 cm
Recubrim.
inferior = 3 cm
1) PREDIMENSIONAMIENTO

* Peralte de viga:

Hmin = 0.07 (L) = 1.05 = 1.05

* Ancho de viga:

b= 0.42

* Medidas de predimensionamiento:

S + 2a = 4.8 ; a <= s/2

2s = 4.8
s = 2.4 ok
a = 1.2

* Para losa volado:

uniformizar con la loza interior
e losa = S´/10 = 0.2 = 0.2

* Para losa interior:

redondear a multiplo de 2 mayor
e losa = 1.2(S´+3)/30 = 0.1992 = 0.2
2) EFECTOS DE LA CARGA VIVA (LL):

1.2 0.75 1.65 0.15 1.05

0.516

M = 0.515625 P - 0.046875 P = 3.46875 tn.m/Franja

3) CALCULO DE FRANJAS:

* Para viga exterior:

E = 1440 + 0.833X
E= 1689.9 mm
E= 1.6899 m

* Para momento positivo:

E = 660 + 0.55(S)
E= 1980 mm
E= 1.98 m

* Para momento negativo:

E = 1220 + 0.25(S)
E= 1820 mm
E= 1.82 m

* Momento maximo positivo a 0.75 del apoyo A

Mmax (+) = 3.48/Emp = 1.76 tn*m/m

Considerando impacto (33%) y factor de carril de presencia multiple (m=1.20)

M(+)u+im = Mmax (+) * 1.33 * 1.20 = 2.81 tn*m/m

 * Momento maximo negativo a 0.99 del voladizo

M(-) = -0.09P = -0.666 tn*m/m

Mmax (-) = --0.666/Eve = -0.39 tn*m/m

Considerando impacto (33%) y factor de carril de presencia multiple (m=1.20)

M(-)u+im = Mmax (-) * 1.33 * 1.20 = -0.63 tn*m/m

4) EFECTOS DE LA CARGA MUERTA (Dc):

* Losa interior (D1) =

Wlosa = 0.2 * 1 * 2.5 = 0.5 tn/m

1.2 2.4 1.2

* Momento maximo positivo a 0.75 del apoyo A

M(+) = 0.309 tn*m/m

M(-) = 0 tn*m/m

* Losa exterior (D2) =

Wlosa = 0.2 * 1 * 2.5 = 0.5 tn/m

* Momento maximo positivo a 0.75 del apoyo A

 M(+) = -0.36 tn*m/m

* Momento maximo negativo a 0.99 del voladizo

1.0

1.
0

M(-) = -0.2475 tn*m/m

* Carga en la vereda:
W vereda = 0.1 * 1 * 2.5 = 0.25 tn/m

* Momento maximo positivo a 0.75 del apoyo A

M(+) = -0.135 tn*m/m

* Momento maximo negativo a 0.99 del voladizo

1.0

1.0

M(-)= -0.105 tn*m/m

* Carga de baranda:

* Momento maximo positivo a 0.75 del apoyo A

M(+) = -0.12 tn*m/m

* Momento maximo negativo a 0.99 del voladizo

1.
0
1.
0

M(-) = -0.1 tn*m/m

* Capeta de rodadura(DW)

Wasfalto = 0.05 * 1.0 * 2.2 = 0.11 tn/m

* Momento maximo positivo a 0.75 del apoyo A

 M(+) = 0.048 tn*m/m

* Momento maximo negativo a 0.99 del voladizo

1.0

1.0

M(-) = -0.009 tn*m/m

* Sobrecarga peatonal (PL):

Wsc = 0.4 tn/m

* Momento maximo positivo a 0.75 del apoyo A

M(+) = -0.216 tn*m/m

* Momento maximo negativo a 0.99 del voladizo

1.0

1.
0

M(-) max = -0.168 tn*m/m

5) DISEÑO DE LA LOSA:

(RESISTENCIA I)

*Momento positivo maximo:

Mu = n[(1.25 o 0.90)Mdc + (1.50 o 0.65)Mdw + 1.75 M ll+im]

CARGAS TIPO M(+) ɣ M(+) * ɣ

Losa interna Dc 0.309 1.25 0.387
Losa externa Dc -0.36 0.9 -0.324
Vereda Dc -0.135 0.9 -0.122
Baranda Dc -0.12 0.9 -0.108
Asfalto Dw 0.048 1.5 0.072
Camion LL 2.81 1.75 4.909
s/c peatonal PL -0.216 0 0.000
4.815 tn*m/m

considerando: n = Nd * Nr * Ni = 1.0

Mu(+) = 4.815

*Momento negativo maximo:

Mu = n[(1.25 o 0.90)Mdc + (1.50 o 0.65)Mdw + 1.75 M ll+im]

CARGAS TIPO M(+) ɣ M(+) * ɣ

Losa interna Dc 0 0.9 0.000
Losa externa Dc -0.2475 1.25 -0.309
Vereda Dc -0.105 1.25 -0.131
Baranda Dc -0.1 1.25 -0.125
Asfalto Dw -0.009 1.5 -0.013
Camion LL -0.63 1.75 -1.101
s/c peatonal PL -0.168 1.75 -0.294
-1.974 tn*m/m

considerando: n = Nd * Nr * Ni = 1.0

Mu(-) = -1.974

* Recubrimiento :

3
5.1) DISEÑO DE ACERO NEGATIVO:

15

* Cuantia minima: (seccion rectangular)

Mcr = 2*√(F´c)*b*h^2/6
Mcr = 223109.34
Mcr = 2.23 tn*m

Mu(-) = 1.97 tn*m

1.1 * Mcr = 2.45 tn*m
1.33 * Mu = 2.62 tn*m

Mu <= ØMn Ø = 0.9 (flexion)

Mn = C (d - a/2) C = 0.85 * F´c * a * b

2.454 * 10^5 = 0.90 * 0.85 * 280 * 100 * (15 - a/2)

11.46 = a * ( 15- a/2 )
a = 0.784 cm
c = 0.92 cm

* Verificacion fluencia del acero: Ec = 0.003

0.003 / c = Es / (d - c)
Es = 0.046 = 23 Ey

* Area del acero: C=T

3/8 0.71
0.85 * F´c * a * b = As * F´y 1/2 1.27
5/8 1.98
As = 4.44 cm2 3/4 2.85
7/8 3.88
=====>>> Ø @ 0.29 1 5.07
2 1.2667687
5.2) DISEÑO DE ACERO POSITIVO:

17

* Cuantia minima: (seccion resctangular)

Mcr = 2*√(F´c)*b*h^2/6
Mcr = 223109.34
Mcr = 2.23 tn*m

Mu(-) = 4.81 tn*m

1.1 * Mcr = 2.45 tn*m
1.33 * Mu = 6.40 tn*m

Mu <= ØMn Ø = 0.9 (flexion)

Mn = C (d - a/2) C = 0.85 * F´c * a * b

4.815 * 10^5 = 0.90 * 0.85 * 280 * 100 * (17 - a/2)

22.48 = a * ( 17- a/2 )
a = 1.378 cm
c = 1.62119154 cm

* Verificacion fluencia del acero: Ec = 0.003

0.003 / c = Es / (d - c)
Es = 0.028 = 14 Ey

* Area del acero: C=T

3/8 0.71
0.85 * F´c * a * b = As * F´y 1/2 1.27
5/8 1.98
As = 7.81 cm2 3/4 2.85
7/8 3.88
=====>>> Ø @ 0.16 1 5.07
2 1.2667687
5.3) DISEÑO DE ACERO TEMPERATURA:

Ast = 0.18 * b * h cm2/m

2(b+h)
=====>>>>> 2.33 <= Ast <= 12.70
Ast = 1.728

Ast min = 2.33

=====>>> Ø @ 0.31 3/8 0.71

1 0.71255739 1/2 1.27
5/8 1.98
5.4) DISEÑO DE ACERO DISTRIBUCION: 3/4 2.85
7/8 3.88
% Asd = 121 <= 0.67 1 5.07
√s´

% Asd = 0.86

Asd = 5.2318553

=====>>> Ø @ 0.24
2 1.2667687

6) REVISION DE LA DISTRIBUCION DE ACERO:

6.1) ACERO POSITIVO:

Ms = n ( 1.0 * Mdc + 1.0 * Mdw + 1.0 Mll+im)

n = nd * nr * ns = 1.0
Ms = (0.309375 + -0.36 + -0.135 + -0.12 + 0.0482625 + 2.80509090909091 )
Ms = 2.548 tn * m

* Utilizamos seccion fisurada: (Ms > Mcr)

n = Es / Ec = 8 Para ancho a 0.16 m

n * As = 8 * 1.27 Ms = 0.16 * 2.548

n * As = 10.16 m2 Ms = 0.408 tn*m

∑Mo (EN): sumatoria de momentos respecto al eje neutro

b * yo * yo/2 = n * As * (d - yo)
8Yo2 = 10.16 (17 - Yo)
Yo = 4.05 cm
* Momento de inercia (I tr)

I tr = (b * Yo^3)/3 + n * As (d - Yo)^2
I tr = 2058.15 cm4

* Esfuerzo en el concreto: Y = Yo

Fc = Ms * y / I tr
Fc = 80.31 kg/cm2 = 0.29 F´c
Fc = 0.29 <= 0.5 * F´c OK

* Esfuerzo en el acero: Y = d - Yo = 12.95

Fs = n * Ms * y / Icr
Fs = 2051.15 kg/cm2 = 0.49 F´y
Fs = 0.49 <= 0.6 * F´c OK

* Separacion maxima:

S max = (123000 * ɣe)/(Bs*Fs)-2*dc

βs = 1 + dc/(0.7*(h-dc)) = 1.32 cm
h= 20 cm
dc = 3.63 cm

considerando, ɣe =0.75
δmax = 26.88 OK

* si NO CUMPLE entonces se reduce la separacion:

Ms = n ( 1.0 * Mdc + 1.0 * Mdw + 1.0 Mll+im)
n = nd * nr * ns = 1.0
Ms = (0.309375 + -0.36 + -0.135 + -0.12 + 0.0482625 + 2.80509090909091 )
Ms = 2.548 tn * m

* Utilizamos seccion fisurada: (Ms > Mcr) reduce menor a: 0.16

n = Es / Ec = 8 Para ancho a 0.16 OK

n * As = 8 * 1.27 Ms = 0.16 * 2.548

n * As = 10.16 m2 Ms = 0.408 tn*m

∑Mo (EN): sumatoria de momentos respecto al eje neutro

b * yo * yo/2 = n * As * (d - yo)
8Yo2 = 10.16 (17 - Yo)
Yo = 4.05 cm
 * Momento de inercia (I tr)

I tr = (b * Yo^3)/3 + n * As (d - Yo)^2
I tr = 2058.15 cm4

* Esfuerzo en el concreto: Y = Yo

Fc = Ms * y / I tr
Fc = 80.31 kg/cm2 = 0.29 F´c
Fc = 0.29 <= 0.5 * F´c OK

* Esfuerzo en el acero: Y = d - Yo = 12.95

Fs = n * Ms * y / Icr
Fs = 2051.15 kg/cm2 = 0.49 F´y
Fs = 0.49 <= 0.6 * F´c OK

* Separacion maxima:

S max = (123000 * ɣe)/(Bs*Fs)-2*dc

βs = 1 + dc/(0.7*(h-dc)) = 1.32 cm
h= 20 cm
dc = 3.63 cm

considerando, ɣe =0.75
δmax = 26.88 OK

6.2) ACERO NEGATIVO:

Ms = n ( 1.0 * Mdc + 1.0 * Mdw + 1.0 Mll+im)

n = nd * nr * ns = 1.0
Ms = (-0.2475 + -0.105 + -0.1 + -0.0088 + -0.628993431563998 + -0.168 )
Ms = -1.258 tn * m
Mcr = -2.23 tn * m 1.1Mcr = -2.45
Ms = -1.67 tn * m
* Utilizamos seccion fisurada: (Ms > Mcr)

n = Es / Ec = 8 Para ancho a 0.29 m

n * As = 8 * 1.27 Ms = 0.29 * -1.674

n * As = 10.16 m2 Ms = 0.485 tn*m

∑Mo (EN): sumatoria de momentos respecto al eje neutro

b * yo * yo/2 = n * As * (d - yo)
14.5Yo2 = 10.16 (15 - Yo)
Yo = 2.91 cm
* Momento de inercia (I tr)

I tr = (b * Yo^3)/3 + n * As (d - Yo)^2
I tr = 1723.28 cm4

* Esfuerzo en el concreto: Y = Yo

Fc = Ms * y / I tr
Fc = 81.97 kg/cm2 = 0.29 F´c
Fc = 0.29 <= 0.5 * F´c OK

* Esfuerzo en el acero: Y = d - Yo = 12.09

Fs = n * Ms * y / Icr
Fs = 2723.80 kg/cm2 = 0.65 F´y
Fs = 0.65 <= 0.6 * F´c NO CUMPLE

* Separacion maxima:

S max = (123000 * ɣe)/(Bs*Fs)-2*dc

βs = 1 + dc/(0.7*(h-dc)) = 1.56 cm
h= 20 cm
dc = 5.63 cm

considerando, ɣe =0.75
δmax = 10.44 no cumple

* si NO CUMPLE entonces se reduce la separacion:

Ms = n ( 1.0 * Mdc + 1.0 * Mdw + 1.0 Mll+im)
n = nd * nr * ns = 1.0
Ms = (-0.2475 + -0.105 + -0.1 + -0.0088 + -0.628993431563998 + -0.168 )
Ms = -1.258 tn * m
Mcr = -2.23 tn * m 1.1Mcr = -2.45
Ms = -1.67 tn * m
* Utilizamos seccion fisurada: (Ms > Mcr) reduce menor a: 0.29

n = Es / Ec = 8 Para ancho a 0.18 m

n * As = 8 * 1.27 Ms = 0.18 * -1.674

n * As = 10.16 m2 Ms = 0.301 tn*m

∑Mo (EN): sumatoria de momentos respecto al eje neutro

b * yo * yo/2 = n * As * (d - yo)
9Yo2 = 10.16 (15 - Yo)
Yo = 3.59 cm
* Momento de inercia (I tr)
 I tr = (b * Yo^3)/3 + n * As (d - Yo)^2
I tr = 1600.32 cm4

* Esfuerzo en el concreto: Y = Yo

Fc = Ms * y / I tr
Fc = 67.56 kg/cm2 = 0.24 F´c
Fc = 0.24 <= 0.5 * F´c OK

* Esfuerzo en el acero: Y = d - Yo = 11.41

Fs = n * Ms * y / Icr
Fs = 1718.34 kg/cm2 = 0.41 F´y
Fs = 0.41 <= 0.6 * F´c OK

* Separacion maxima:

S max = (123000 * ɣe)/(Bs*Fs)-2*dc

βs = 1 + dc/(0.7*(h-dc)) = 1.56 cm
h= 20 cm
dc = 5.63 cm

considerando, ɣe =0.75
δmax = 23.14 OK