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Vishnu Tattwa Nirnaya PDF
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9
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10
C˙"{ªCÎ"ß"˙"ˆ"E|"˙Î"ß"Ø + $
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14
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19
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$$ Â"‡ { ¨Î"i f < |" <eå<˙"Â"´ªÓ"{ß"i E "{E"· ˙ "|"f | "i $ |"{E"Ø Â"‡ < |" Ã÷Ò{E|"„"Í|"{E"Ø Â"‡ < |" $ E"E˙"i ˙ "w C"|Î"<Cß"¯≤™> { Ài
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E" Î"·Í|": $ Â"‡Î"{i¬"E"{„"{˙"{<l|Î"|" È{∫- ß"{iA"CÎ"i<|" $$ |"¨"{ ≤" eA"Ó"{μ"”¬"U"ÍÎ"C"ßμ"E‹"{E˙"ik"Ó"i C"w<˙"Eß"{iA"Î"{i¬"fEÎ"¬"E"÷Ò„"{˙"e{„"iE"
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Â"‡Î"{i¬"E"|˙"{iÍ|"{<˙"|Î"¨"f: $$ <E"ª<‹"÷Ò{´ª÷Ò|˙"<ß"<|" $$ Ã÷Ò{E|"„"Í|"{E"{w ß"{iA"{Â"iA"{Î"{ È„"{˙"{|"Ø $ |"l<|"´ªÍ|"„"Í|"{E"{w
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Î"i R"<°˙"|Î"{<lE"{ $$ C"{<y˙"÷ÒÂ"‡÷DÒ|"Î": C"{<y˙"÷Ò-C˙"„"{˙"{: $ C"{‹"E"≤"|"·ƒ>Î"C"ßÂ"Ô" Ã˙"{<‹"÷Ò{ª”|Î"{U"Î"iE" C"{‹"E"≤"|"·ƒ>Î"w lU"fÎ"<|"-
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li˙":í —<|" ˙"≤"E"{y"ik"{w ß"·ß"·A"{Î"{ È„"{˙"{<l<|" „"{˙": $ |"{w „"ˆ"˙"|C"w<˙"lß"Ø $$ |"ik"{w C"w<˙"l —<|" $$ ß"{iA"C"{‹"E"”„"±|"˘"{E"{Î"i-|Î"¨"f: $
≈Â"C"w∫ª<|"- |"Cß"{<l<|" $$
(Â"{w.<N>.) $$ ÈE"{ªß„"Ó"”Î"<ß"<|" $$ Â"‡iA"{˙"lE"·Â"{liÎ"<ß"|Î"¨"f: $$ <˙"k"Î"i<|" $$ <˙"k"Î"U"±EÎ"|˙"{|"Ø C"ßμ"E‹"-U"±EÎ"|˙"{Ç" —|Î"¨"f: $
È{ù∫i|"{i˙Î"{f¥Î"<C"<’w Mƒ>>{E|"{iÍ|Î"{ Â"´ª∫ª<|"- Â"‡|"”|"i<|" $$ <E"<‚"|"i|Î"¨"f: $ <ü|"”Î"∫i|"{iª<Â" Mƒ>>{E|"{iÍ|Î"{ |"{w Â"´ª∫ª<|"- ÷Ò{÷iÒ<|"
$$ È{ù∫i|"{i: C˙"¡ÒÂ"{<C"<’ß"·’ª<|"- C" ∫”<|" $$ <ü|"”Î"CÎ"{<Â" |"{w Â"´ª-(Â"{w.<N>.) ∫ª<|"- E"{Â"”<|" $$ E"E"· Ãi<∫÷ÒÂ"{ª<‰"÷ÒÎ"{i:
C"{‹"E"{E|"ªC"{‹Î"|˙"i&<Â" Î"{ˆ"CÎ" Î"˙"˙"‡”fi·„"Î"-C"{‹"E"C"{‹Î"|˙"˙"|"Ø, Ã|"|Â"‡÷ÒªÓ"C"{‹Î"|˙"ß"<Â" <÷wÒ E" CÎ"{|"Ø —|Î"|" È{∫- Ã|"iE"i<|" $$
Â"‡÷ÒªÓ"iE"i|Î"¨"f: $$ ÈÂ"·P-k"{¨"f|˙"iE"i<|" $$ Â"·Pk"÷Ò{ß"E"{&<˙"k"Î"|˙"iE"i|Î"¨"f: $$ <E"ª<‹"÷Ò{´ª÷Ò|˙"{Â"y"i´ª<|" $$ Â"‡÷ÒªÓ"CÎ"i<|" U"ik": $
∂Òe-÷Ò{ß"E"{˙"|" Ã˙" È<‹"÷Ò{´ª|˙"{|"Ø, ȉ" ≤" ∂ÒeCÎ"{÷Ò{ßÎ"|˙"iE" |"|÷Ò{ß"E"{¡ÒÂ"{<‹"÷Ò{´ª<˙"U"ik"Ó"<˙"ª∫{|"Ø E"{<‹"-÷Ò{´ª|˙"<ß"<|"
„"{˙": $
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$$ <˙"k"Î" —|Î"¨"f: $$ C˙"˙"≤"E"<˙"ª{i‹"{<l<|" $$ Â"±˙"¿ C"l{ˆ"ß" ÷Ò<˙"˘"iÎ"|˙"CÎ" ≈Í|"|"Î"{ ÈE"·-ß"{E"{˙"iù|˙"{iÍ|"i:, |"<üP’|˙"{<l<|"
„"{˙": $$ C"l{ˆ"ß" ´ª<|" $$ ÈE"iE" C"|Î"‚" |"{ ≈Í|"Î"‚" C"lsÍ|"Î" —<|" ÷Òß"f‹"{ªÎ" —<|" C"±<≤"|"w „"˙"<|" $ E"E"· ≤"{‰"{iÍ|"{i l{ik":,
37
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≤" C"ß"·Ç"Î" Ã˙" Â"‡Î"{i¬"E"<ß"<|" ˙"{≤Î"ß"Ø $ Ã÷iÒE" ˙" U"μliE" C"ß"·Ç"Î"C"ß„"˙"i U"μl{E|"ª˙" Î"¨Î"{f<l-|Î"|" È{∫- ≤"{¨"U"μl{ —<|" $$
≤"U"μl{‚"{¨"U"μl‚"i<|" ≤"{¨"U"μl{: $ ıÒˆ"{l”E"{w Â"ªCÂ"ªC"ß"·Ç"Î"{¨"f|˙"{Ô" ˙" Î"¨Î"f-<ß"<|" „"{˙": $ E"E"· ≤"U"μl ˙"U"μlÎ"{i: ÷Ò¨"ß"i÷Ò‰"
C"ßμ"E‹":? ≤"U"μlCÎ"{EÎ"C"ß"·Ç"{Î"÷Ò|˙"{lØ Ã˙"U"μlCÎ"{EÎ"<E"k"i‹"-÷Ò|˙"{<l|Î"|"{i E" ÷Ò‰" |"Î"{iCC"ßμ"E‹" —|Î"{∫- Ã˙"U"μlÎ"{i<C|˙"<|" $$
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¬"{Î"|"ií —|Î"{<l-˙"{ÍÎ"{E"{<ß"|Î"¨"f: $ È{<lÂ"liE" ÷Ò|"Df|": ÷ÒªÓ"{i|Â"<y"C"fl∫: $$ ÈÂ"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"<ß"<|" $$ ÈC"ß„"{<˙"|"{Î"{ ¬"”˙"{i|Â"y"i:,
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E"{ß"n{ C"äk"fÓ"CÎ" |"· $ ˙"{C"·li˙"{É"<E": Â"‡{iÍ|"{í —|Î"{ùE"·˙Î"{RÎ"{E"{iÍ|"ª”|Î"{ Â"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"-C"ß„"˙"{<l|Î"{U"Î": $$ |"·U"μl{i <˙"U"ik"Ó"{¨"f
—<|" $$ ȉ" <˙"U"ik"Ó"i<|" „"{˙"i °Î"·NØ> $ |"¨"{ <∫ $ <˙"Â"±˙"f÷Ò{|"Ø <U"keD <˙"U"ik"Ó" —<|" ‹"{|"{i°Î"·fNØ>Â"‡|Î"Î"i ex"±Â"‹"|˙"{|"Ø ëÂ"·ˆ"E|"ex"±Â"‹"CÎ"í
—<|" ˆ"·Ó"i ëÎ"·˙"{iªE"{÷Ò{ í —|Î"E"{liU"i ëªk"{„Î"{ß"Øí —<|" Ó"|˙"i <˙"U"ik"Ó"<ß"<|" „"˙"<|" $ |"¨"{ ≤" <˙"U"ik"Ó"w <˙"U"ik"C|"l¨"f÷Ò —|Î"¨"f: $ Ã˙"w
≤" <˙"U"ik"|"{i ıÒˆ"{l”E"{ß"E"·÷±Òe{ —|Î"·Í|"w „"˙"<|" $ <˙"U"ik"|" —|Î"CÎ" C"˙"{¿U"iE"i|Î"¨"f: $ C"˙"{¿U"iE"{E"·÷±Òe{ ß"{E"˙"{ù{ —<|" „"˙"<|" |"ik"{w
C"l{ˆ"ß"|˙"ß"Ø $ Ã˙"w ≤" ëX"Â"≤"{l<Â" ÷Òƒ>>|˙"ß"Øí,ëE"{∫w E" ≤" <U"˙"{i&EÎ"i ≤"í —|Î"{<lE"{ <÷Ò<Å"lwU"iE"{E"·÷±Òe{E"{w lsª{ˆ"ß"{E"{ß"Ø, (o”.<N>.)
|"{MU"e{ <÷Ò÷Ò˙"{ÍÎ"CÎ" ≤" <E"ª{C"{i <˙"U"ik"{¨"f÷Ò|"·U"μl∂Òe<ß"<|" „"{˙": $ ÈEÎ"i |"· |"·U"μl{i <˙"U"ik"-Ó"{¨"f: $ <˙"U"ik"Ó"i Î"{i&¨"{if ˙Î"{˙"D<y"¡ÒÂ"w
Â"‡Î"{i¬"E"w |"l¨"f÷Ò —|Î"¨"f: $ È˙"‹"{ªÓ"{|ß"÷Ò —<|" Î"{˙"|"Ø $ |"¨"{ ≤" k"{ß"i˙"{-E"·Î"{<Î"E" —|Î"¨"f ≈Í|"{i „"˙"|"”|Î"{∫s: $ ÷iÒ<≤"y"· ë<˙"U"ik"Ó"{<E"
Î"{E"”∫í —<|" C"l{ˆ"ß" ÷Ò<˙"˘"iÎ"|˙"{l”E"{ß"i˙" <˙"U"ik"Ó"-|"Î"{ ˙Î"˙"∫{ª{|"Ø C"l{ˆ"ß" ÷Ò<˙"˘"iÎ"|˙"{<l<˙"U"ik"Ó"{¨"f÷Ò{i&‰" |"·U"μl: $ |"CÎ" ≤"
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¬"E"{lfE" —|Î"E"iE" C"ßμ"E‹": $ |"¨"{ ≤" C"l{ˆ"ß" ÷Ò<˙"˘"iÎ"|˙"{<l<˙"U"ik"Ó"<˙"<U"ƒ>>{i ¬"E"{lfE"C|" E" f˙" ˘"iÎ":, Ã|" ªi˙" ˘"iÎ" —|Î"¨"{if ÿƒ>>˙Î": $
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<÷‡ÒÎ"|" —|Î"{∫- ÷iÒ˙"ei<|" $$ ȉ" ÷iÒ˙"eÂ"lCÎ" E"{ˆ"ß"ß"±e÷Ò-Â"‡|Î"A"{E"·ß"{E"<E"k"i‹"÷Ò|˙"ß"Ø, Î"iE" C"ls<Í|"<„"´ª|Î"CÎ" <ü|"”Î"w ˙Î"{RÎ"{E"w
<˙"P’w CÎ"{<l|Î"{U"Î"˙"{E"{∫- ÷iÒ˙"e-ˆ"‡∫Ó"iE"i<|" $$ È{<lÂ"liE" ÷iÒ˙"e{E"·ß"{E"{<lˆ"‡∫Ó"ß"Ø $ Ã˙"U"μl{i&„"Í|Î"{liªi˙" ˙Î"{˙"|"f÷Ò{i E" |"·
Â"±˙"{ifÍ|"C"l{Î"·Í|"-|˙"{<l˙Î"{˙"|"f÷Ò —|Î"<„"Â"‡{Î"iÓ" „"Í|"Â"lß"·Â"eA"Ó"|˙"iE"{iÍ|"{iÂ"C"w∫{ªe{„"{Î" ˙Î"{RÎ"{<|"- „"Í|" CC"l{Î"·Í|" ´ª-|Î"{<lE"{
$ C"ßμ"E‹" —<|" $$ E"iÎ"i<|" <÷‡ÒÎ"Î"i<|" U"ik": $ |"ß"i˙" C"ßμ"E‹"w lU"fÎ"<|"- Ãk"i<|" $$ U"·k÷iÒÓ"i<|" $$ <E"CC"{ªiÓ"i|Î"¨"f: $ ˙"il{ù{E"·÷±Ò°Î"ª<∫|"iE"i<|"
Î"{˙"|"Ø $$ C"ß"{E"i&Â"”<|" $$ lsª{ˆ"ß"{<lC"{‹"{ªÓ"i&Â"”|Î"¨"f: $ ÈC"{‹"{-ªÓÎ"ß"i˙" lU"fÎ"<|"- <˙"<U"ƒ>>˙"<C|˙"<|" $$ C"˙"{ify"ß"˙"<C|˙"|Î"¨"f:
$ Ã˙"i<|" $$ ÈEÎ"¨"{ |"Ô" CÎ"{<l<|" „"{˙": $ E"E˙"Â"{ Pk"iÎ"|˙"iE"{iy"ß"|˙"{≤™‘|"Î" È{l{˙"·l{∫|"f˙Î"{: Â"·ª{Ó"˙"{ÍÎ"w Â"‚"{lsl{∫|"f˙Î"ß"Ø,
|"|÷·Ò|"{i ˙Î"|Î"{C"iE"{il{-∫ªÓ"<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- <˙"˙"<A"|"CÎ"i<|" $$ Â"‚"{<l|Î"‰" <eå˙Î"|Î"Î"iE" Â"<`>|"<ß"|Î"E"·˙"|"f|"i $
(Â"{w.<N>.) „"{ª|"{l”E"{w Â"D¨"ˆ"ØÒ ˆ"D∫”|"|"Î"{ È{ùU"μlCÎ"{C"äs<≤"|"{¨"f|"{Î"{ ÈE"·Â"Â"Ô"|˙"{|"Ø C"äs<≤"|"{¨"f|"{ß"i˙" Èå”-÷DÒ|Î"
41
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43
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|"<|C"’–¨"f|"Î"{ ˆ"‡E¨"÷Ò{ª”Î"ß"E"·C"ªÓ"<ß"|Î"{U"Î"iE" U"ä|"i- È{¥"{iÍ|"|˙"iE" ˙"i<|" $$ ˙"AÎ"|" —<|" $$ ëÈEÎ"‰"{Mƒ>>CÎ" C"˙"f˘"|˙"CÎ"
÷Ò°Â"E"ß"Øí —|Î"{<lE"i<|" U"ik": $ ß"∫{¬"E"Â"´ª-ˆ"D∫”|"|˙"{<l<|" U"ä{Î"{ È<Â" Â"±˙"f˙"li˙"{<„"Â"‡{Î": $$ ÈE"å”÷DÒ|"|˙"{<l<|" $$ |"|"‚"{<C"<’´ª<|"
„"{˙": $$ Èå”-÷DÒ|"|˙"{Ç"i<|" $$ |"|"‚" μ"{ ’{ˆ"ß"{l{˙"E" ÷Ò{E|Î"<ß"<|" „"{˙": $
(˙Î"{.<N>.) È<E"‚"Î"ß"·Â"i|Î" U"ä|"i- È<C|˙"<|" $$ ∫i|"±E"{ß"Ø ÈE"D|"|˙"{l”E"{ß"Ø $ È{<lÂ"liE" C"<Elˆ‹"μ"{‹"{<l-Â"´ªˆ"‡∫: $
<˙"U"ik"{lU"fE"ß"·Â"Â"{lÎ"<|"- ˙" ˆ"·ÓÎ"{l”<|" $$ ∂Òe{lU"fE"{li´ª<|" U"ik": $ <÷Òß"|"{i Î"ùi˙"<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- |"¨"{ ≤"i<|" $$ <C"’Î"i <E"‚"Î"{Î"
$$ ÈÎ"·Í|"<ß"<|" $$ Î"¨"{ <E"<ß"y"C"Eli∫{<∫|"Â"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"C"Eli∫C|"¨"{&Â"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"-C"Eli∫{<∫|"{¨"fC"Eli∫CÎ"{˙"¬"fE"”Î"|˙"iE" |"<Ô"Ó"fÎ"{Î"
˙"≤"E"{il{∫ªÓ"ß"Î"·Í|"<ß"<|" „"{˙": $ ˙"≤"E"{E"{<ß"<|" Â"‡÷DÒ|"{E"·-˙"D<y"C"ß„"˙"i ˙"ilCÎ"i<|" Â"·E"˙"f≤"E"{E"¨"fÍÎ"ß"{U"ä– ∫i|"·„"{ˆ"{<C"<’˙"{ªÓ"{Î"
|"<l|Î"{∫- Â"·E"˙"f≤"E"<ß"<|" $$ ÈÂ"{ P-k"iÎ"|˙"CÎ" ÷Ò¨"ß"·Í|"{Â"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"U"ä{<E"ª{C"∫i|"·|˙"<ß"|Î"|"C|"l<„"Â"‡{Î"ß"{∫- —lß"·Í|"w „"˙"|"”<|"
$$ ˘"{E"{Â"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"w ˙"{ª<Î"|"·w ÷ÒªÓ"{E"{<ß"<|" $ Â"‡÷DÒ|"ß"E"·C"ª<|"- |"‰"i<|" $$ |"‰" ÷ÒªÓ"ik"·, U"μlCÎ" ˙"{ÍÎ"CÎ", Èμ"{i‹"÷Ò|˙"ß"E˙"Î"{-
μ"{i‹"÷Ò|˙"ß"Ø $$ üi‹"i<|" $$ ÈE˙"Î"CÎ" C"Â"‡<|"Î"{i<ˆ"÷Ò|˙"{|"Ø Â"‡<|"Î"{iˆÎ"„"{˙"iE" C˙"{„"{˙"iE" ≤" üi‹"i|Î"¨"f: $$ Â"l{<„"-ß"|"{E"{<ß"<|" $$
56
ˆ"·PÂ"‡„"{Î"{w ÿƒ>>˙Î"ß"Ø $
<˙"U"ik"Ó"<˙"U"ikÎ"„"{˙"iE"{E˙"Î"w lU"fÎ"<|" - —<|"∫{C"Â"·ª{Ó"{i ˙"il —<|" $$ —<|"∫{C"Â"·ª{Ó"{i„"Î"{|ß"÷Ò{i ˆ"‡E¨" —|Î"¨"f: $ C"ã–{Â"±ª÷Ò
—<|" $$ ë|"CÎ" Â"±ªÓ"i a>NØ>í —<|" Â"Å"E"ØU"μl{|"Ø a><N> |"CÎ" ëE"{E|"{lC"ã–{liß"fNØ>í —<|" ß"a>{ˆ"ß"i |"CÎ"{„"|˙"{Ô" <N>e{iÂ": $ <÷ÒE|"· ëE"e{iÂ":
Â"‡{<|"Â"<l÷Ò{E|"CÎ"í —<|" E"e{iÂ" —<|" „"{˙": $ ÷iÒk"{<Å"ü–{RÎ"{E"i |"CÎ" Â"±ªÓ"i ß"<a><|" Â"{`>:, |"ik"{w eiR"÷ÒCÎ" ˙"{ Â"‡ß"{l{|"Ø $ ˙"iliE"i|Î"E|"w
|"≤™>μlCÎ" ˙Î"{RÎ"{E"ß"Ø $ ˙"ilC"ß"{E"|"Î"i<|" |"· ˆ"D∫”<|"Â"‡÷Ò{ªÂ"‡lU"fE"ß"Ø $ |"l؈"D∫”|"|˙"{<l|Î"‰" ß"‹Î"ß"Â"le{iÂ"” C"ß"{C" —|Î"{U"Î"iE"
˙"ilC"ß"{E"|"Î"i|Î"·òÒ´ß"<|" ÷iÒ<≤"|"Ø $ |"Ô" $ U"{÷ÒÂ"lCÎ" Â"{<¨"f˙"Â"liE"i˙" |"iE"i|Î"CÎ" ˆ"D∫”|"Â"liE" C"{ß"¨Î"{f„"{˙"{|"Ø $ ˙"ilC"ß"{E"|"Î"i|Î"E"iE"{C"{-
(˙Î"{.<N>.) ß"¨Î"{fÇ" $ C"{ß"{EÎ"<E"lifU"¬"<E"|"C"lC"|C"{‹"{ªÓ"Â"‡|"”<|"w ˙"{ªÎ"<|"- |"¨"{&Â"”<|" $$ Â"‡ß"{Ó"{E|"-ªi<|" $$ ëÎ"i ≤"{E"·Î"{<Î"E":í
—<|", ëÂ"·ª{Ó"{<E" ≤" Î"{E"”∫í —<|" ≤" Â"‡ß"{Ó"{E|"ªi|Î"¨"f: $$ ÈU"ÍÎ"|˙"{<l<|" $$ È˘"{E"<˙"Â"‡eß„"Î"{i: Â"‡{¥"i´ª<|" ˙"AÎ"ß"{Ó"<lU"i<|"
„"{˙": $$ Ã|"iE"i<|" $$ ˙"il{<lÂ"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"C"ß"¨"fE"iE"i|Î"¨"f: $
ß"±eß"Ø -
E"≤"{Â"{ Pk"iÎ"w ˙"{ÍÎ"ß"i˙" E"{C|"”<|" ˙"{≤Î"ß"Ø $ |"l„"{˙"i C"˙"fC"ß"Î"{<„"ß"|"‹"ß"{fù<C"’i: $$
(|".ß"w.) ˙"{ÍÎ"CÎ"{Â"{ Pk"iÎ"|˙"ß"i˙"{<C"’<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- E" ≤"{Â"{ Pk"iÎ"<ß"<|" $$
N>”÷Ò{- ȉ"{&∫s˙"ifl Â"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"˙"{<lE"{i μ"{fi{‚" $ ˙"ilCÎ"{Â"{ Pk"iÎ"|˙"w E" Î"·Í|"ß"Ø $ x"N>|˙"E"”¡ÒÂ"|˙"Î"{i´ª˙"
˙"{ÍÎ"|˙"{Â"{ Pk"iÎ"|˙"Î"{i: Â"ªCÂ"ªÂ"´ª∫{ªiÓ" ˙" ˙"DyÎ"·Â"eμ‹"iüfÎ"{iªi÷Ò‰"{C"ß„"{<˙"|"|˙"{|"Ø $ E"≤" |"|C"{‹"E"ß"<Â" Î"·Í|"ß"Ø $
C"ß„"{<˙"|"CÎ" ˙" C"{‹"E"{∫f|˙"{|"Ø $ Î"¨"{iÍ|"ß"Ø- ëC"ß„"{<˙"|": Â"‡<|"˘"{Î"{ Ȩ"f: C"{‹Î"i|" ∫i|"·E"{ $ E" |"CÎ" ∫i|"·<„"À{Ó"ß"·|Â"|"Ô"i˙"
Î"{i ß"D|":í —<|" $ E"<∫ ß"ß" ÷ÒÓ"¿ Â"‡<˙"UÎ" ˆ"¬"{i ˆ"¬"f|"”|Î"i|"|"Ø C"{‹"E"{∫¿, <÷ÒE|˙"E"{lªÓ"”Î"ß"i˙"i|Î"|" È{∫- E"≤"i<|" $$
ÈÂ"{ Pk"iÎ"w ˙"{ÍÎ"ß"i˙" E"{C|"”|Î"E"iE" ˙"{ÍÎ"|˙"{Â"{ Pk"iÎ"|˙"Î"{i: Â"ªCÂ"ªÂ"´ª∫{ªiÓ" ˙" ˙"D<y"´ª|Î"{≤"ƒ>i> $ È|"{i ˙"il{i&Â"{ Pk"iÎ"
—|Î"i|"lC"ß„"{<˙"|"-ß"i˙"i<|" ˙"{ÍÎ"U"ik": $ —|": Â"ª: ëÈÂ"{ Pk"iÎ"|˙"w ≤" C˙"|" Ã˙"í —|Î"|": Â"‡{Í|"E"{i ˆ"‡E¨": C"ß„"{˙"-
E"{¨"f: $ ÷·Ò|"{i E" ˙"{≤Î"<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- |"l„"{˙" —<|" $$ ‹"ß"{f<l÷wÒ |"{˙"l|"”<EÿÎ"w ˙"C|"· C"˙"f-C"ß"Î"{E"{ß"<„"ß"|"ß"Ø $
|"|"C|"y"|C"ß"<Î"<„": Â"‡{ß"{<Ó"÷Ò|˙"iE" |"lå”÷ÒªÓ"”Î"ß"Ø $ Â"‡{ß"{<Ó"÷Ò|"Î"{&-„Î"·Â"ˆ"|"CÎ" ˙"{¨"fCÎ" U"{À<C"’{E|"|˙"{|"Ø $
E"≤"{Â"{ Pk"iÎ"w ˙"{ÍÎ"w <˙"E"{ ‹"ß"{f<lC"{‹"÷wÒ Â"‡ß"{Ó"ß"<C|" $ È|"{i&Â"{ Pk"iÎ"˙"{ÍÎ"{„"{˙"i ‹"ß"{fù<C"<’Â"‡C"å{lØ ÈÂ"‡{ß"{<Ó"÷ÒCÎ"
≤" C"˙"fU"{À{<„"ß"|"|˙"{Î"{iˆ"{|"Ø C"˙" fCC"ß"<Î"<„"‹"fß"{f<l<E"‚"Î"{¨"¿ <÷Òß"ÂÎ"Â"{ Pk"iÎ"w ˙"{ÍÎ"ß"å”÷Ò{Î"fß"Ø $ |"|"‚"
˙"{ÍÎ"|˙"{Â"{ Pk"iÎ"|˙"Î"{i: πÒ<≤"|"Ø C"ß"{˙"iU"i C"˙" fªå”÷Ò|"f˙Î"i ÷·Ò|"{i ë˙"il{i&Â"{ Pk"iÎ":í —|Î"i|"lC"ß„"{<˙"|"ß"Ø —<|" $$
(ª{.<N>.) $$ ȉ"i<|" $$ ˙"il{Â"{ Pk"iÎ"|˙"<˙"k"Î"i ˙"{ÍÎ"|˙"{„"{˙"¡ÒÂ"w μ"{‹"÷Òß"{∫s´ª|Î"¨"f: $ |"li˙" CÂ"ƒ>>ß"{∫- ˙"il-CÎ"i<|" $$ C"ß„"{<˙"|"CÎ" ˙"
C"{‹"E"w ÷·Ò|" —|Î"|" È{∫- E" ∫”<|" $$ |"|" —<|" $$ Â"ªCÂ"ªÂ"´ª∫{ªiÓ" ˙"|"fE"{<l|Î"¨"f: $ U"ik"{iÍ|Î"{ ß"±eÎ"{i¬"E"{Î"{w ˘"{Â"÷Òß"{∫- —|": Â"ª
—<|" $$ <U"kÎ"ß"E"CC"ß"{‹"{E"{Î" ˙"{&∫- —|": Â"ª —<|" $$ ß"±e{iÍ|"{Â"{lE"w ‹"ß"{fliªÂ"{ Pk"iÎ" ÷ÒÂ"‡ß"{Ó"÷Ò|˙"<C"’{˙"i˙" x"N>|"i E"{EÎ"¨"i<|"
|"l{l{ C˙"Î"ß"·Í|˙"{ ß"±e{iÍ|"w x"N>Î"<|"- ‹"ß"{f<l÷Ò<ß"<|" $$ È{Â"{ùCÎ"{<E">|˙"<C"’Î"i&<„"ß"|"<ß"|Î"E|"{i<Í|":- È|" —<|" $$
ÈÂ"{ Pk"iÎ" ÷ÒÂ"‡ß"{Ó"-÷Ò|˙"{’ß"{fli´ª|Î"¨"f: $
(o”.<N>.) μ"{fi{C|"lÂ"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"˙"{<lE": $ E"E"· ˙"{ÍÎ"|˙"{Â"{ Pk"iÎ"|˙"Î"{iªi÷Ò‰" C"ß"{˙"iU"w C"{‹"<Î"kÎ"{ß"”<|" ≤"iy"‰"{&∫- E" ≤"i<|" $$
Î"·Í|"w Î"·<Í|"<C"’w ≤" E"i|Î"¨"f: $ ÷·Ò|" —|Î"|" È{∫- C"ß„"{<˙"|"CÎ" ˙"i<|" $$ Â"‡<|"˘"{Î"{ Ȩ"f —<|" $$ C"{‹Î"‹"ß"f<˙"<U"ƒ>>‹"<ß"f˙"≤"E"¡ÒÂ"Â"‡<|"˘"{Î"{
Ȩ"{if <˙"U"ik"Ó"”„"±|"CC"{‹Î"‹"ß"f —|Î"¨"f: $ Â"A" —<|" Â"{`i>&ÂÎ"Î"ß"i˙"{¨"f: $ È|"{i ˙"il —<|" $$ ˙"ilCÎ"{<Â" ˙"{ÍÎ"<˙"U"ik"|˙"{<l|Î"¨"f: $$
C"˙"fU"{À{<„"ß"|"|˙"{Î"{iˆ"{<l<|" $$ C"˙"fU"{À-<C"’{E|"|"Î"{&<„"ß"|"|˙"{Î"{iˆ"{<l|Î"¨"f: $
(˙Î"{.<N>.) ˙"ilÂ"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"˙"{<lE"{i E" Î"{<Î"÷Ò{lÎ": $ μ"{fi{ ˙"ilμ"{fi{ ˙"il{Â"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"˙"{<lE"{i μ"{ ’{ù{ —|Î"¨"f: $ x"N>|˙"E"”¡ÒÂ"|˙"Î"{i´ª<|"
$$ <E"ª{i ëª{i ´ªí —<|" ªi∂Òe{iÂ"i ëc‘>e{iÂ"i Â"±˙"fCÎ" l”x"{if&Ó":í —<|" l”x"if E"”¡ÒÂ"<C"<’: $ Â"ªCÂ"ªÂ"´ª∫{ªiÓ" ˙"i<|" $$
Â"ªCÂ"ª{„"{˙"˙Î"{ÂÎ"|˙"iE" ˙"i|Î"¨"f:$ Ã÷Ò‰" C"ß"{˙"iU"CÎ"i<|" U"ik": $$ C"ß„"{<˙"|"CÎ" -˙"i<|" $$ C"ß„"{˙"E"{<˙"k"Î"CÎ" ˙"i|Î"¨"f: $$ C"{‹"E"i<|"
60
C"±‰"iÓ" ÷DÒù{iˆ"i ÷Ò|"f´ª ÷Òß"f<Ó" ≤" k"Ê>” CÎ"{<l<|" |"D|"”Î"{μ"{‹"÷Ò|˙"iE" k"Ê>–·Í|"i: ÷Ò¨"w |"D|"”Î"Î"{ „"{˙Î"<ß"<|" U"äi|Î"|" È{∫- —<|"
Â"‡{¥"{<ß"<|" $$ μ"{<‹"|˙"i<|" $$ <˙"U"ik"C"±‰"|˙"{<l<|" „"{˙": $ ëE" e{i÷Ò{˙Î"Î"<E"Ê>{R"e¨"f|"DE"{ß"Øí —<|" C"±‰"i e ≈ ≈÷Ò È˙Î"Î" <E"Ê>{ R"e¨"f
|"DE"Ø —|Î"i|"ik"{w Î"{iˆ"i k"Ê>” E"i<|" (ª{.<N>.)<E"k"i‹"{l‰" Í|"Â"‡|Î"Î"CÎ" ëÍ|"Í|"˙"|"± <E"Ê>{í —<|" <E"Ê>{C"¯˘"÷Ò|˙"{y"ù{iˆ"i k"Ê>”<E"k"i‹"i
ë÷Ò|"Df÷ÒªÓ"Î"{i:í —<|" |"D|"”Î"Î"{ „"{˙Î"<ß"|Î"¨"f: $$ ˙"|"fß"{E"i Í|" —<|" $$ ë¯"”|": Í|":í —<|" Â"±˙"fCß"{lE"·˙"Dy"i´ª<|" „"{˙": $$ Â"‡<|"k"i‹"-
μ"{‹"÷Ò|˙"iE"i<|" $$ k"Ê>”Â"‡<|"k"i‹"μ"{‹"÷Ò|˙"iE"i|Î"¨"f: $ <˙"k"Î"Â"‡Î"{i¬"E"Î"{ie{f„"{Î" Î"{ <ˆ"÷Òß"i|"|Â"l<ß"|Î"·Â"i|Î" Î"{iˆ"ß"{∫- Â"‡Î"·¬Î"|" —<|" $$
|"CÎ" ˙"{¨"f: Â"‡iÎ"f|" —<|" $ Â"‡C"å∫i|"·ªÎ"<ß"|Î"·Â"i|Î"{&∫- <˙"k"Î"{ù„"{˙"Â"‡C"å{<l<|" $$ ‹"ß"{fliª-|"”<EÿÎ"CÎ"{E"<„"ß"|"|˙"i&<Â" U"{ÀCÎ"
÷·Ò|"{i <E"<˙"fk"Î"|˙"{l”|Î"|"{i&<„"Â"‡{Î"ß"{∫- Ã|"lsÍ|"<ß"<|" $$ ÈEÎ"|": ÷DÒ<k"-˙"{<Ó"¬Î"ª{¬"C"i˙"{<l|" —|Î"¨"f: $ ÈE"iE" U"{ÀiÓ"{¨"{fli:
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64
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65
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107
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114
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128
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164
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E"{E"{&C|"”<|" $$
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μ"{i‹"÷Ò|˙"{„"{˙"¡ÒÂ"{Â"‡{ß"{ÓÎ"w Â"‡{Â"n{i|"”|Î"¨"f: $ C˙"CÎ" ˙"i|Î"i˙"÷Ò{ª{<„"Â"‡{Î"ß"{∫- Î"|C˙"Î"<ß"<|" $$ Î"iE" Î"CÎ"i<|" $$ |"¨"{ ≤"
<eå{<lˆ"‡{∫÷ÒCÎ"{ÂÎ"·Â"¬"”˙Î"|˙"iE" Î"iE" Î"CÎ" <˙"k"Î"{i ‹"ß"”f <C"’–<|" $ |"y"CÎ"{iÂ"¬"”˙Î"<ß"|Î"·Â"¬"”˙Î"eA"Ó"ß"Î"·Í|"<ß"<|" „"{˙": $
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„"{˙": $ |"i E " ˙ "i < |" ˙"≤"E"i E " C"± < ≤"|"ß"¨"f ß "{∫- ÈE"i E "i < |" $$ —l<ß"<|" $$ „"i l ˆ"‡ { ∫÷ÒÎ"{i : Â"‡ | Î"A"{E"· ß "{E"Î"{i ª „"i l {ˆ"ß"w
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¬"”˙"w <˙"k"Î"”÷DÒ|Î"i|Î"{<lE"{ $$ <˙"k"Î"”÷DÒ|Î" ‹"ß"”f÷DÒ|Î" $ |"y˙"ß"C"”<|" $$ |˙"w |"lC"”<|" |"l¨"f: $ A"i‰"˘"w ≤"{Â"”<|" $$ ß"{w A"i‰"˘"w
¬"”˙"w <˙"’”|Î"¨"f: $ E"i∫ E"{E"i<|" $$ —∫ ¬"”˙"μ"‡h"Ó"{i:, |"ls„"Î"{E"·CÎ"±|"<≤"Eß"{‰"CÎ"i<|" Î"{˙"|"Ø, E"{E"{ „"il{i E"{C|"”|Î"¨"f: $ Ã|"li˙"i<|"
$$ Â"‡|Î"A"{E"·ß"{E"-Î"{iª„"il{ˆ"ß"w Â"‡<|" ‹"<ß"fˆ"‡{∫÷Ò|"Î"{iÂ"¬"”˙Î"|˙"ß"i˙" <˙"˙"DÓ"{i|"”|Î"¨"f: $ C˙"¡ÒÂ"ˆ"‡{∫÷ÒCÎ"{Â"”<|" $$ E"i∫ E"{E"{&C|"”-
|Î"{ù„"il{ˆ"ß"C˙"¡ÒÂ"ˆ"‡{∫÷Òo{i‰"Â"‡|Î"A"CÎ"{Â"”|Î"¨"f: $ ≤"U"μliE"i<|" $$ |"¨"{ ≤" E"{‰" ¬"”˙"CÎ" Â"‡|Î"A"<C"’|˙"{E"·<Í|"-´ª<|" „"{˙": $
Â"‡|Î"A"{E"·ß"{E"Î"{i<˙"fª{i‹" —<|" $$ Â"‡|Î"A"{E"·ß"{E"Î"{iCC"÷Ò{U"{<üª{i‹"i C"|"”|Î"¨"f: $ „"˙"<|˙"|Î"{<l $$ Î"ùÂÎ"E"·˙"{<l|˙"Â"A" —|Î"E"iE"
„"il{ˆ"ß"{E"{ß"E"·˙"{l÷Ò|˙"<C"’–¨"¿ Â"‡|Î"A"{li„"iflˆ"‡{∫÷Ò|˙"w ˙"{≤Î"ß"i˙" $ ÈEÎ"¨"{ „"il{ˆ"ß"{E"{ß"E"·˙"{l÷Ò|˙"ß"i˙" E" CÎ"{<l<|" Â"‡<|"Â"{<l|"|˙"iE"
U"ä ˙" k"{ E"{iÂ"Â"Ô"{ $ |"¨"{&ÂÎ"E"·˙"{<l|˙"Â"A" —|Î"CÎ"{<„"-Â"‡{Î"ß"¬"{E"|": U"äiÎ"<ß"<|" ˘"{|"˙Î"<ß"|Î"{∫s: $ |"¨"{„"±|"i Ã˙"i<|" $$
C˙"¡ÒÂ"ß"{‰"ˆ"‡{∫÷iÒ Ã˙" Â"‡|Î"A"{E"·ß"{E"i È„"il{ˆ"ß"w Â"‡|Î"·Â"¬"”˙Î"i —|Î"¨"f: $ ÈE"·ß"{E"<C"’i|Î"E"iE"{<„"Â"‡i|"ß"¨"fß"{∫- Î"ùÂ"”|Î"{<lE"{ $$
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(o”.<N>.) <˙"<U"ƒ>>ß"Ø $ |"|": —fX"ª{|"Ø $ Â"‡<|"Î"{i<ˆ"„"±|"iX"ªCÎ" ˘"{|"|˙"{<l<|" „"{˙": $ È˙"¬"fE"”Î"ß"i˙"i<|" $$ Â"‡|Î"A"i ‹"<ß"f<Ó"
„"i l ÷Ò‹"ß"f C "{A"{|÷Ò{ªCÎ" „"i l C"{A"{|÷Ò{ª˙Î"{¥"|˙"{<l<|" „"{˙": $ U"ä|"i - E"{E"· ß "{E"<ß"<|" $$ Î"i E " C"˙"f ÷ Ò|"D f -
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C"˙"f÷Ò|"Df|˙"{<l˙" <U"–><˙"k"Î"÷Ò{E"·<ß"<|"¬"E"÷Ò|˙"ß"Ø Ã˙"w ëÎ"CC"˙"f˘":í —|Î"{liª{ˆ"ß"CÎ"{<Â" C"{˙"f˘"{<l˙" <U"–-><˙"k"Î"÷Ò˘"{E"¬"E"÷Ò|˙"{<l<|"
„"{˙": $ ëÂ"‡|Î"A"iÓ" ≤"{&ˆ"ß":í —<|" Â"‡|Î"A"CÎ"{&ˆ"ß"C˙"¡ÒÂ"ˆ"‡{∫÷Ò|˙"ß"·Í|"ß"Ø $ |"lE"·Â"Î"·Í|"w ÷ÒCß"{lsÍ|"<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- È{ˆ"ß"ˆ"‡{∫÷iÒ<|"
230
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241
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242
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244
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247
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248
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254
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259
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267
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278
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322
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324
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Â"‡|"”Î"|"i <÷wÒ ˙"{ C"y˙"iE" $ E"{&ù: $ Â"‡˙"DyÎ"„"{˙"Â"‡C"å{|"Ø $ <ü|"”Î"i |"l<Â" C"lC"üi<|" <˙"÷Ò°Â"Â"‡C"ªiÓ"{E"˙"C¨"{ $ Ȩ" |˙"Eß"|"i
U"·<Í|"ª¬"|"{<l<E"Ê>|˙"iE" Â"‡|"”Î"ß"{E"˙Î"{˙"∫{´ª÷Ò|"{Î"{ ÈÂ"<C"’{E|"{|C"y˙"{-C"ß„"˙"iE"{<E"˙"f≤"E"”Î"|˙"i ˙"{≤Î"i |"‰" ≤" |"CÎ"{C"ü eA"ÓÎ"{¨"¿
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˙"{≤Î"ß"Ø $ E" ≤" ˙ "ß"Cß"Eß"|"i & E"˙"C¨"{ C"ß„"˙"<|" $ |˙"Eß"|"i & <E"˙"{f ≤ Î"„"± | "˙Î"{˙"∫{´ª÷Ò|"{Î"{:
C"y˙"iE"{„"{E"i&C"ü eA"ÓÎ"{¨"fÂ"‡{<|"„"{<C"÷Ò|˙"{<C"<’˙"Eß"Eß"|"i ÈC"|": C"y˙"CÎ" C"y˙"iE"{Â"‡|"”|"{˙"C"y˙"{<C"’iª„"{˙"{<l<|" ≤"iÔ" $ Ã˙"ß"<Â"
ß"{w Â"‡|Î"C"|": C"y˙"iE" Â"‡|"”<|"PÂ"Â"{<l|"{ CÎ"{|"Ø $ ≈Í|"{E"˙"C¨"{<„"Î"{ U"·<Í|"ª¬"|"{<l<E"Ê>|˙"iE" Â"‡|"”Î"ß"{E"˙Î"{˙"∫{´ª÷Ò|"{Î"{ ÈC"y˙"CÎ"
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Â"‡|"”<|"ªå”-÷Ò{Î"{f |˙"Eß"|"i&<Â" U"·<Í|"ª¬"|"{<l<E"Ê>|"Î"{ Â"‡|"”Î"ß"{E"C"y˙"CÎ"{C"y˙"{iÂ"Â"yÎ"¨"¿ C"y˙"iE" Â"‡|"”|"iªE"å”÷Ò{Î"f|˙"i&<Â" ÈC"y˙"iE"
Â"‡|"”|"{ Â"‡˙"DyÎ"„"{˙"Â"‡C"å{|C"y˙"iE" Â"‡|"”|"iªå”÷Ò{Î"f|˙"iE"{E"˙"C¨"{Î"{ ÈÂ"´ª∫{ª{Ç"i<|" $ ß" ˙"ß"Ø $ —lw ª¬"|"<ß"<|" <˙"<‹"Â"‡|Î"Î"CÎ" ˙"
C"y˙"<˙"<U"ƒ>><˙"k"Î"|˙"{„Î"·Â"ˆ"ß"{|"Ø $ E"≤" C"y˙"CÎ"{Â"ªw C"y˙"ß"Cß"{<„"ª„Î"·Â"ˆ"ßÎ"|"i $ <÷ÒE|"· ª¬"|"<˙"<‹"-Â"‡|Î"Î"ß"{‰"{li˙" Â"‡˙"DyÎ"·Â"Â"y"i: $
E" ≤" ˙"w Â"ªCÎ"{„Î"·Â"ˆ"ß": $ C"y˙"i&ÂÎ"˙"{E|"ª„"il{å”÷Ò{ªiÓ" |"|Â"‡|"”<|"ß"{‰"CÎ" Â"‡˙"DyÎ"-E"·Â"Î"{iˆ"{<l<|" $ Â"±˙"fÂ"±˙"{fª{iÂ"i<|" $$ ÈE"iE" ß"±ei
È<E"˙"f≤"E"”Î"Â"liE" |"<ük"Î"÷Ò{ª{iÂ"{i eA"Ó"”Î" —|Î"·Í|"w „"˙"<|" $
(ª{.<N>.) C"lC"<üeA"Ó"¡ÒÂ"{<E"˙"f≤"E"”Î"˙"{l” U"ä|"i- „"˙"ilÎ"<ß"<|" $$ C"y˙"Â"‡|"”<|"Â"‡C|"{˙"{l{∫- C"y˙"iE"i<|" U"ik" —<|" $$
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|"|C"y˙"<ß"<|" $$ È<E"˙"f≤"E"”Î"ª¬"|"i Â"‡|"”Î"ß"{E"w C"y˙"<ß"|Î"¨"f: $ È<E"˙"f≤"E"”Î"i-|Î"·Í|Î"{ ˙Î"{˙"∫{´ª÷ÒCÎ"{<Â" Â"‡|"”|"iª{∫-
È<E"˙"f≤"E"”Î"CÎ" Â"‡{<|"„"{<C"÷ÒCÎ"i<|" $$ Â"ªª”|Î"{ Â"ªß"{¨"fÂ"lw ˙Î"{≤"i-> ˙Î"{˙"∫{´ª÷wÒ C"y˙"<ß"<|" $$ C"y"{‰" <˙"‹Î"Â"A"i U"ä|"i- E"E"·
ª¬"|"CÎ"{Â"”<|" $$ È<E"˙"f≤"E"”Î"CÎ"{Â"”|Î"Â"iª¨"f: $ U"ä|"i- C"|Î"<ß"<|" $$ E" C"i<|" $$ ˙Î"{˙"∫{´ª÷Ò|"i|Î"¨"f: $ U"·<Í|"÷iÒlE|"i<|" $$
363
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Â"‡|Î"<‹"Ê>{E"<C"<’|"Î"{ ÷Ò{ªÓ"|˙"iE" È<‹"Ê>{E"<C"<’|"Î"{ ÷Ò{ªÓ"”„"±|"Â"±˙"fÂ"±˙"{fª{iÂ"CÎ" ≈y"ª{iy"ª{ª{iÂ"{¨"fß"Â"iA"Ó"”Î"|˙"iE"{<‹"Ê>{E"<C"<’¡ÒÂ"-
Â"‡ { <|"„"{<C"÷Òª¬"|"{ù{ª{i  "CÎ"{Â"‡ { ß"{<Ó"÷Ò|˙"i E "{E"·  "Â"Ô"|"Î"{ È<‹"Ê> { E"{<C"’–{ |"<|C"’–· y "ª÷Ò{e”E"˙Î"{˙"∫{´ª÷Ò|˙"{-
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Â"‡˙"DyÎ"E"·Â"Â"<y"´ª<|" U"ik": $
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391
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392
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$$
393
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$$ 9 $$
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E" ÍÎ"Â"‡{<¥"´ª|Î"|" È{∫- ÈEÎ"¨"{&¨"if<|" $$
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447
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„"il{E|"ª{Â"iA"Î"{&E"˙"C¨"i|Î"|" È{∫- C˙"¡ÒÂ"<ß"<|" $$ ˙Î"{˙"D<y"˙" feA"ÓÎ"ß"i˙" C˙"¡ÒÂ"|"i<|" Î"|"Ø |"Cß"{|"Ø C˙"¡ÒÂ"ß"i˙"
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C"y˙"{<l<|" μ"·’–{ <˙"<˙"≤Î" Î"{i¬Î"<ß"|Î"{∫s: $ C"y˙"{lØ <˙"U"ik"μ"eiE"i<|" U"ik": $ |"∫”f<|" $$ Î"<l C"˙"if U"μl{ ∫ª{˙"i˙" ˙"|"fE|"i |"∫”f|Î"¨"f:
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$ Î"<l |"|C"ßμ"E‹"{É"”˙"{<lk"· U"μl{: Â"‡˙"|"fE|"i |"<∫f ß"Å"{: ÷‡Ò{iU"E|"”|Î"{l{-<˙"˙" ¬"”˙"{l{ U"μl{E"{w eA"Ó"{Â"‡C"å —|Î"{U"ä–
|"|C"ßμ"E‹"eμ‹"<E"<ß"y"iE"i|Î"·Í|"w <E"<ß"y"ß"i˙"{iÂ"Â"{lÎ"<|"- E" ≤"{‰"i<|" $$ ≈≤Î"|" —|Î"E"E|"ªß"Ø —|Î"{∫i<|" U"ik": $ E"E˙"i˙"ß"<Â" ß"·RÎ"˙"DyÎ"e{„"
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465
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511
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607
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608
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609
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610
C˙"{„"{<˙"÷ÒCÎ"{<E"˙"D<y"´ª<|" |"|Â"A" —<|" <˙"˙"D|"w „"˙"<|" $ Ȩ" ˙"{ ≤"{i&˙"‹"{ªÓ"i $ C"|Î"CÎ" ≤" C"|Î"CÎ" ˙" E" |"· μ"‡h"|˙"<˙"U"i<k"|"CÎ"i<|" $
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—|Î"{<lE"{iÍ|"ß"·Â"C"w∫ª<|"- |"li˙"<ß"<|" $$ Î"ü{ Î"<l ≤" ÷Òß"i˙"i|Î"{<lE"{iòÒß"·Â"C"w∫ª<|"- |"li˙"<ß"<|" $$
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Â"´ª<ËÎ"|"i $ E" ≤"{‰" |"¨"{&<C|", ¬"”˙"{˘"{E"<ß"¨Î"{iÂ"{<‹"˙Î"Í|"”E"{ß"i÷ Ò÷Ò|˙"{<l|Î"{∫- ≈≤Î"|" —|Î"{<lE"{ $$ ≈|Â"yÎ"„"{˙"{<l<|" $$
|"¨"{ ≤"{i|Â"yÎ"Â"‡<|"μ"E‹"÷Ò|˙"{Ô"{EÎ"{iEÎ"{oÎ"{<ll{ifk"{Î"i|Î"¨"f: $ <E"<ß"y"-<E"<ß"<y"„"{˙"CÎ"i<|" $$ <E"<ß"y"E" <ß"<y"÷Ò„"{˙"CÎ"i|Î"¨"f: $
|"¨"{ ≤" <E"<ß"y"E" < ß"<y"÷Ò„"{˙"Â"‡ < |"μ"E‹"÷Ò|˙"i E "{-EÎ"{i E Î"{oÎ": CÎ"{li ˙ "i < |" „"{˙": $ ÈEÎ"¨"i < |" $$
È˘"{E"<ß"¨Î"{iÂ"{‹Î"{i<E"f<ß"y"E" <ß"<y"÷Ò„"{˙"{„"{˙" —|Î"¨"f: $ È{ª{iÂÎ"-|˙"{„"{˙"Â"‡C"åiE"i<|" $$ ≈Â"{‹"i´ª|Î"¨"f: $ ≈Â"Â"{<l|"|˙"{<l<|"
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fi<‹"Ê> { E"ß"{≤™> { ù{¨"f ˘ "{E"Î"{i P Â"{l{E"w „"˙"|"”|Î"{<lE"{
Â"±˙"fß"·Â"{‹"iª{ª{i<Â"|"|˙"CÎ"{˘"{E"<C"’–‹"”E"|˙"iE"{˘"{E"<ß"¨Î"{iÂ"{‹Î"{i<E"f<ß"y"E" <ß"<y"÷Ò„"{˙"CÎ"{iÂ"Â"{<l|"|˙"{<l|Î"¨"f: $ ¬"”˙"„"ili ¬"”˙"μ"‡h"„"ili
$ E" <|˙"<|" $$ Î"ù∫ä{ª{E|":÷ÒªÓ"{<l÷Òß"·Â"{<‹"|˙"iE"{<„"Â"‡i|"w CÎ"{y"l{&∫ä{ª{ù·Â"{<‹"-<C"’iª˘"{E"<C"’–‹"”E"|˙"iE" È˘"{E"<C"’{
<ß"¨Î"{iÂ"{<‹"<C"<’´ª|Î"·Í|"ª”|Î"{&EÎ"{iEÎ"{oÎ": CÎ"{<l<|" „"{˙": $ È∫ä{ª{<l÷wÒ ÷·Ò|"{i E"{iÂ"{<‹"´ª|Î"|" È{∫- |"l„"{˙" —<|" $$
C"·¥"{˙"∫ä{ªCÎ" Â"‡<˙"eÎ"{<l<|" „"{˙": $ „"ili<|" $$ ¬"”˙"μ"‡h"„"ili|Î"¨"f: $ E"E"· C"·¥"{˙"∫ä{ª{ù·Â"{‹Î"„"{˙"i&<Â" ¬"”˙"μ"‡h"„"il{i&C|"· ÷Ò{i l{ik"
—|Î"|" È{∫- E" ∫”<|" $$ E"E"· C"·k"·¥"{ ¬"”˙"μ"‡h"„"il Ã˙" E"{C|"”<|" ≤"iy"‰"{&∫- C"·k"·¥Î"{l{ ≤"i<|" $$ „"il<E"˙"Dy"{<˙"<|" $$
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$$ ¬"”˙"μ"‡h"„"il∫i|"·„"±|"{˘"{E"¡ÒÂ"{iÂ"{‹"iª{ª{i<Â"|"|˙"iE"{&ª{iÂ"CÎ"{˘"{E"÷Ò{Î"f|"Î"{&˘"{E"{E|"ª{Â"iA"{Î"{w |"CÎ"{ÂÎ"{ª{i<Â"|"|˙"iE"
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$$ ≈Í|"l{i k " —<|" $$ U"· ’ CÎ" ˙ "{˘"|˙"i ß"· Í |"CÎ"{-ÂÎ"˘"|˙"Â"‡ C "Í|"i ´ ª|Î"· Í |"l{i k " —|Î"¨"f : $ „"‡ { E|"i < |" $$ |"|"‚"
C˙"¡ÒÂ"{<|"´ªÍ|"{EÎ"<E"<ß"y"÷Òß"i ˙ "i < |" „"{˙": $ È˘"{E"-CÎ" ˙ "i < |" $$ È<‹"Ê> { E"ˆ"|"{C"{‹"{ªÓ"{÷Ò{ª{˙"ªÓ"i
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(Â"{w.<N>.) |"CÎ"i<|" $$ <E"<ß"y"E" <ß"<y"÷Ò„"{˙"CÎ"i|Î"¨"f: $ È{ª{i<Â"|"|˙"iE"i|Î"{<l $$ È<‹"Ê>{E"Î"{¨"{|ßÎ"{˙"ªÓ"w <˙"E"{&&ª{iÂ"{Î"{iˆ"{<l<|"
„"{˙": $ ≈Í|"l{ik" —<|" $$ È<E"˙"D<y"Â"‡C"å¡ÒÂ"{iÍ|"i|Î"¨"f: $ È˘"{E"CÎ" ˙"i<|" $$ È<‹"Ê>{E"{C"{‹"{ªÓ"{÷Ò{ª{˙"ªÓ"i C"<|"
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l{ik"{<|"U"Î"Â"‡÷ÒN>E"{Î"i|Î"¨"f: $ <„"Ô"|˙"{<l<|" $$ ≈|Â"{ù{i|Â"{l÷Ò˙Î"Í|"”E"{w Â"D¨"÷ØÒ|˙"{<l|Î"¨"f:$ ≈Â"Â"{<l|"|˙"{<l<|" $$
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„"il<E"˙"Dy"{ ß"·Í|"CÎ"i<|" $$ μ"‡h"„"±Î"w Â"‡{¥"CÎ"i-|Î"¨"f: $ |"<l<|" $$ È˘"{E"CÎ"{iÂ"{<‹"|˙"{<l|Î"¨"f: $ È{ª{i<Â"|"|˙"iE"i<|" $$
614
(˙Î"{.<N>.) E"E˙"‰" ÷ÒCÎ" ˆ"ˆ"E"CÎ" ÷ÒÓ"fU"k÷·Òe”<„"´ª˙"i<|" E"„"C": o{i‰"„"{˙"{i Mƒ>{E|"”÷DÒ|": $ C" ÷·Ò|"{i E" l…<k"|":$ E" ≤"{E"·ß"|"|˙"{<l<|"
˙"{≤Î"ß"Ø $ C"˙"fÂ"‡ß"{Ó"<˙"‹"·ªCÎ" Â"‡ß"{Ó"<˙"P’CÎ"{E"·ß"E|"·ß"E"∫f|˙"{|"Ø $ |"¨"{ <∫ $ E" |"{˙"Ô"„"C": o{i‰"|˙"i Â"‡|Î"A"w Â"‡ß"{Ó"ß"Ø $
˘"{E"÷Ò{ªÓ"ß"|"”<EÿÎ"<ß"<EÿÎ"<ß"<|" |"ÑA"Ó"{i<Í|"˙Î"{x"{|"{|"Ø $ ¡ÒÂ"{ù„"{˙"{Ç" $ E"{ÂÎ"E"·ß"{E"ß"Ø $ |"|Â"‡<|"μ"’<eå{„"{˙"{|"Ø $ E" ≤" o{i‰"w
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—|"”<EÿÎ"{Ó"{w ˆ"{ie÷ÒC¨"|˙"{<„"‹"{E"iE" ÷ÒÓ"fCÎ" ˆ"{ie÷Ò|˙"iE" o{i‰"|˙"{E"·Â"Â"y"i: $ ëC"±Î"¿ ≤"A"·ˆ"fß"Î"|"{|"Øí —|Î"E"·˙"{÷iÒ ≤"A"·ª{li´ª˙" ë<lU":
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620
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624
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627
È<˙"ù{ß"±ei<|" ∫i|"·ˆ"„"fß"Ø $ ÷Ò¨"ß"Ø È{A"iÂ"i $ È{|ß"<ß"¨Î"{|˙"{E"·ß"{E"i C"{‹Î"w <˙"÷Ò°ÂÎ" l…k"Î"<|"- ÈC"y˙"Å"i<l<|" $$ Mƒ>{E|"CÎ"
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635
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638
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659
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$ ëÂ"ªw μ"‡h" Â"ªw ‹"{ß" Â"<˙"‰"w Â"ªß"w „"˙"{E"Øí —<|" ˆ"”|"{<˙"ª{i‹"{Ç"i|Î"<Â" ˆ"‡{fiß"Ø $ |"<l<|" $$ |"iE"i|Î"¨"f: $ <ü|"”Î"{w l…k"Î"<|"- <÷ÒÅ"i<|" $$
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˙Î"{∫|"{<˙"|Î"{∫- (<E"Î"{-ß"÷Ò|˙"iE"i<|")|"lC"<l<|" $$ È{|ß"”Î"|"Î"i<|" $$ E"E"· ëÈ{|ß"<E˙"X"¬"E"„"{iˆ"{iy"ªÂ"l{|R":í —<|" R"Â"‡|Î"Î"i
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660
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662
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(ª.<N>.) E"E"· Î"CÎ" ˘"{E"ß"·|Â"Ô"w |"CÎ" U"·’μ"‡h"„"{˙"eA"Ó"ß"·<Í|"˙"fÍ|"˙Î"{ $ E" ≤" C"{ C"ß„"˙"<|" $ |"l{E"”ß"<Â" ÷iÒk"{<Å"|C"wC"{´ªÓ"{w
C"y˙"iE" μ"‡h"Ó" Ã˙"{iÂ"{<‹"C"ßμ"E‹"CÎ" ˙"Í|"˙Î"|˙"iE" U"·’|˙"{„"{˙"{|"Ø $ |"¨"{ ≤" μ"’ß"·Í|"˙Î"˙"C¨"{&<C"<’´ª|Î"|" È{∫- E" ≤" <ß"¨Î"{„"±|" ´ª<|"
667
$$
E"E"· ë—|"‚" <ß"¨Î"{„"±|"{iÂ"{<‹"E"f Î"·¬Î"|"ií —|Î"{<lˆ"‡E¨"iE"ilw Â"·E"PÍ|"<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- —lß"·Í|"w „"˙"|"”<|" $$ C"˙"{ifÂ"{-‹"”E"{w
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l…k"÷Òß"{‰"Â"ª|˙"w E" C"ß„"˙"|"”|Î"|" ≈Í|"ß"Ø- Î"·Í|"Î" —<|" $$ E"E"· C"˙"fˆ"|"{iÂ"{‹Î"˙"<≤™>Ô"CÎ" C"˙"fˆ"|"|˙"w C"ß„"˙"|"”|Î"|" È{∫- |"¨"{<˙"‹"i<|"
$$
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$$ È{U"·|"ª<˙"E"{<U"|˙"{<l<|" „"{˙": $ <ü|"”Î"i ∫i|"·:- ÈE"·Â"Î"{iˆ"{lsy"ª<˙"ª{i‹"{Ç"i<|" $$ Â"±˙"f¬"Eß"÷DÒ|"÷Òß"f˙Î"˙"C¨"{ß"{‰"iÓ" Â"‡÷DÒ|"{iÂ"Î"{iˆ"{|"Ø
$ ÈEÎ"{iEÎ"{oÎ"{i<Í|"Â"ª{iy"ª˙"{ÍÎ"<˙"ª{i‹"{lE"{<l|˙"i |"lC"ß„"˙"{<l<|" „"{˙": $ Î"{&&U"{CÎ"|"i |"Î" ˙" ≈Â"{<‹"˙Î"˙"-C¨"Î" ˙"i|Î"¨"f: $
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„"{˙": $ o·<|"´ª<|" $$ |"y˙"ß"CÎ"{<lo·<|"´ª|Î"¨"f: $ ëÈ|"y˙"ß"C"”<|" E"˙"÷DÒ|˙"{i&„Î"{C":í —|Î"{<lE"{ Â"‡|Î"·Í|"<ß"|Î"¨"f: $ Ã˙"w |"¨" ˙"
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(o”.<N>.) Â"‡C"Ä"E|"”<|" $$ Â"‡{¥"{ „"˙"E|"”|Î"¨"f: $ ˙Î"˙"C¨"Î" ˙"i<|" $$ ˙"{C|"˙"≤"Eÿi&lU"fÎ"Ô"{ª{i<Â"|" Ã˙" ≤"Eÿi lU"fÎ"|"”|Î"¨"f: $ |"iE"
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668
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Â"‡{¥" —<|" „"{˙": $ C˙"‹Î"{Î"{i&‹Î"i|"˙Î":, ÈÎ"w U"μl —|Î"·„"Î"‰" |"¨"{ C"ß„"˙"i&<Â" x"N>U"μlC¨"ei E"{Î"w EÎ"{Î": C"ß„"˙"|"”|Î"{∫- x"N>U"μlCÎ"i<|"
$$ Â"‡Î"{iˆ"<˙"U"ik"÷Ò{e —<|" U"ik": $ x"N>U"μlCÎ" x"N>¡ÒÂ"{i&¨"{if x"N>U"μl‚" ˙"{≤Î"{i „"˙"<|" $ |"‰" Î"l{ x"N>U"μl<˙"˙"A"Î" ˙" x"N> —<|" Â"‡Î"·¬Î"|"i
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E" C"ß„"˙"<|" $ È|"C|"‰" ÷Ò|"Df÷Òß"{f„"il: Â"‡{¥" Ã˙"i|Î"¨"f —|Î"{∫s: $ ˙"C|"·|"C|"· Ã÷ÒliU": ÷Ò|"{f C"ß"·l{Î": ÷Òß"if<|" EÎ"{Î": C˙"{‹Î"{Î"{i&‹Î"i|"˙Î":,
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ÈÎ"w U"μl —<|" U"μl‚" ÷ÒliU": $ x"N>U"μlC¨"ei |"· E" ˙"w C"ß„"˙"<|" $ ëC˙"w ¡ÒÂ"w U"μlCÎ"í —<|" EÎ"{Î"iE" x"N> —<|" U"μliE" x"N>U"μlCÎ" ÷ÒCÎ" ˙"
˙"{≤Î"|"Î"{ x"N>U"μl{<|"´ªÍ|": C"ß"·l{Î"¡ÒÂ"{i x"N>U"μlC|"li÷ÒliU"„"±|"‚" ÷Ò{i x"N>U"μl —<|" C"ß"·l{Î" ÷Ò-li<U"„"{˙"{Î"{iˆ"{|"Ø $ Ã˙"w ≤" x"N>U"μlCÎ"
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—<|" „"{˙": $ Â"‡|Î"÷ØÒÂ"ª{ˆ„"{˙"i<|" $$ Â"‡|Î"t˙"Â"ª{t˙"-(o”.<N>.)Î"{ilfU"fE"{<l|Î"¨"f: $ ÷Ò|"Df÷Òß"fÓ"{i´ª<|" U"ik": $ Ã˙"<ß"<|" $$
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(Â"{w.<N>.) „"˙"|˙"i˙"<ß"|Î"|": μ"‡h"Ó": o·<|"ˆ"ßÎ"|"{Î"{w C"|Î"{ß"i˙" |"|C"ß„"˙"i&<Â" μ"‡h"Ó"C|"lˆ"ßÎ"|"{Î"{w E" |"|C"ß„"-˙"|"”<|" „"{˙"iE"
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674
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680
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681
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691
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ëÃ÷Òß"i˙"{<ü|"”Î"ß"Øí, ëE" |"|C"ß"‚"{„Î"<‹"÷Ò‚" MUÎ"|"ií —<|" eAÎ"CÎ" ÷Ò˙Î"<òÒ|˙"{Ç"{i„"Î"{iefAÎ"|˙"<˙"ª{i‹"{<l|Î"¨"f: $ Ȩ" ˙"{ <˙"ª{i‹"{<l<|"
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701
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E" l{ik": $ Â"Å"ß"”|˙"{|"Ø $ „"{˙"i<|" $$ ëÃ÷Ò{i E"{ª{Î"Ó" È{C"”Ô" μ"‡h"{ E"iU"{E":í —<|" o·|"i´ª<|" „"{˙": $ U" ˙"Â"·ª{Ó"ik"±„"Î"{iÍ|"i: ÷Ò¨"ß"˙"≤"E"<ß"<|"
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C"˙"ifX"ª|˙"{iÍ|Î"E"·Í|Î"{il{ifk"˙"≤"E"{˙"≤"E"Î"{i‚" ÷Ò¨"w <E"<ß"y"<E"<ß"<y"„"{˙" —|Î"|"{i ˙Î"{ÂÎ"˙Î"{Â"÷Ò„"{˙"{<l|Î"{U"Î"w ˙Î"E"<Í|"-
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$ ÷·Ò‰"{Â"”<|" $$ ˙"il —<|" U"ik": $ —|"{i&Â"”<|" $$ ˙Î"{Â"÷Ò{E|"ª{„"{˙"{Ç"i|Î"¨"f: $ o·|Î"E|"<˙"ª{i‹"{Â"´ª∫{ª{iÂ"{Î"{„"{˙"{Ç"i<|" ˙"{¨"f: $
|"{|Â"Î"f<˙"k"Î"w ˙Î"˙"C¨"{ÂÎ"{iÂ"C"w∫ª<|"- <C¨"|"<ß"<|" $$
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li∫{i|Â"<y"C|"lEÎ"ik"{w μ"‡h"{l”E"{w |"l”ªÓ"{|"Ø $
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<ü|"”Î": Â"´ª≤™i>l: C"ß"{¥": $$
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˘"{E"{<lˆ"·Ó"{|ß"÷Ò|˙"{Ç" ÈE"{<l<E"f|Î"‚" <∫ $$
$$ —<|" <ü|"”Î"w <˙"U"ik"Ó"ß"Ø $$
702
N>”÷Ò{- E"E"· ë¬"<E"|"{i|" <˙"kÓ"{i:í —<|" o·|"{ <˙"kÓ"{iP|Â"<y"P≤Î"|"i $ |"|÷Ò¨"w |"CÎ" <E"l{ifk"|˙"{<l÷wÒ Â"‡<|"˘"{Î"|"i $ Ȩ"
Î"y"‰" C"ß"{‹"{E"w |"<≤™>˙"{<lk˙"<Â" ˙"Í|"·w U"ÍÎ"<ß"|Î"{U"ä{w o·|Î" ˙" Â"´ª∫ª<|"- ≈|Â"<y"´ª<|" $$ ≈|Â"<y"˙"≤"E"{¨"f —|Î"¨"f:
$ ÈÂ"ª{i li∫{i|Â"yÎ"{<l: $ li∫{i|Â"<y"P|Â"<y"o·|"iª¨"f —<|" U"ik": $ <˙"kÓ"{iª<Â" |"≤™>μl˙"{≤Î"{<E" ¡ÒÂ"{<Ó"
C"E|"”|Î"|"C|"lEÎ"ik"{<ß"|Î"·Í|"ß"Ø $ È<˙"˙"{lÂ"l{E"{-ß"Cß"l{l”E"{w ˙Î"·l{C"{Î"- μ"‡h"{l”E"{<ß"<|" $$ |"l”ªÓ"{|"Ø |"CÎ"
˙"{C"·li˙"CÎ" Â"‡iªÓ"{|"Ø $ ÷·Ò|" Ã˙"w o·|Î"¨"fü <˙"‹Î"÷Ò°Â"E"<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- li∫ —<|" $$ μ"‡h"{l”E"{w li∫{ È<E"|Î"÷Ò{: C"{lÎ"‚"
$ Ã|"ls„"Î"w Â"‡ß"{Ó"<E"<‚"|"w Î"|" —<|" „"{˙": $ ß"·RÎ"{i|Â"<y": li∫{i|Â"<y"ªi˙"{i|Â"<y"˙"{ÍÎ"{¨"f —<|" U"ik": $ Î"ùÂ"”Î"-ß"ÂÎ"ß"·RÎ"{
$ |"¨"{&<Â" Â"‡{ls„"{f˙"{Â"iA"Î"{ ß"·RÎ"|˙"{Eß"·RÎ"i|Î"·Í|"ß"Ø $ ¬"<E":¬"<E"o·|Î"¨"f: $ li∫{|ß"-<˙"˙"i÷Òß"E"{<o|Î"
li∫{i|Â"<y"ªi˙"{i|Â"<y"U"μl{¨"{if ß"·RÎ" È{<o|": $ Â"‡{ls„"{f˙"C|"· ÷Òl{<≤"lsÂ"-e„Î"|˙"ˆ"·Ó"Î"{iˆ"iE"{ß"·RÎ" —<|" $
Î"ùÂÎ"Î"ß"·y"ªÂ"´ª≤™i>lÂ"‡<|"Â"{ù{i&¨"f: $ |"¨"{<Â" Â"‡C"å{ˆ"|"|˙"{-l‰"{ÂÎ"<„"<∫|" —<|" $$
$$ —<|" o”ß"l{E"El|"”¨"f„"ˆ"˙"|Â"{l{≤"{Î"f<˙"ª<≤"|"CÎ" o”ß"<ükÓ"·|"y˙"<˙"<E"Ó"fÎ"CÎ" N>”÷Ò{Î"{w o”ß"É"Î"|"”¨"fß"·<E"<˙"ª<≤"|"{Î"{w
<ü|"”Î": Â"´ª≤™i>l: C"ß"{¥": $$
(ª.<N>.) ≈|Â"<y":Â"‡{ls„"{f˙" —|Î"i|"<üP’<ß"|Î"|" È{∫-≈|Â"<y"˙"≤"E"CÎ"{¨"f —|"”<|" $$ Ã˙"ß"·y"ª‰"{<Â" ÿƒ>˙Î"ß"Ø $ C"{lÎ"‚"i<|" $$
C"{<l|˙"CÎ"{i|Â"<y"C"{‹"÷Ò|˙"{|"Ø $ ÈE"{<l´ª|Î"·Í|"|˙"{Ç"i<|" „"{˙": $ Â"‡{ls„"{f˙"{Â"iA"Î"{ li∫{i|Â"y"i: ÷Ò¨"w ß"·RÎ"|˙"<ß"|Î"|" È{∫-
li∫{|ß"<˙"˙"i÷Ò<ß"<|" $$ C∂·ÒN>|"ª<˙"˙"i÷Ò(÷Ò{¨"f)<ß"|Î"¨"f: $
$$ —<|" o”ß"l{E"El|"”¨"f„"ˆ"˙"|Â"{l{≤"{Î"f<˙"ª<≤"|"o”ß"<ükÓ"·|"y˙"<˙"<E"Ó"fÎ"CÎ" o”ß"É"Î"|"”¨"fÂ"±¬Î"≤"ªÓ"<˙"ª<≤"|"{Î"{ N>”÷Ò{Î"{
<˙"˙"D|"{ o”ªx"±y"ß"Î"<|"<˙"ª<≤"|"{Î"{w „"{˙"μ"{i‹"C"ì¯˘"÷Ò{Î"{w <ü|"”Î": Â"´ª≤™i>l: C"ß"{¥": $$
(ª{.<N>.) U"ä{<E"˙"D<y"e{„"{Î"{&∫- ≈|Â"<y"˙"≤"E"{¨"f —<|" $$ ë¬"<E"|"{i|" <˙"kÓ"{i:í —|Î"CÎ"{¨"f —|Î"¨"f: $ È„Î"·Â"i|Î"ilß"·Í|"ß"Ø $
˙"C|"·|"C|"· <˙"kÓ"{i´ª|Î"CÎ" Î"˘"CÎ" Î"¬"ß"{E"CÎ" ˙"{ C"{iß"{i ¬"E"<Î"|"i|Î"¨"{fE|"ªCÎ"{iÍ|"i: $ ëȬ"{Î"ß"{E"{i μ"∫s‹"{ <˙"¬"{Î"|"ií, ëC" Ãk"{i&E|"‚"ª|"i
μ"∫s‹"{ ¬"{Î"ß"{E":í —|Î"{<lo·|Î"<„"Â"‡{Î"iÓ" ˙"iÎ"ß"·<Í|": $ C˙"¡ÒÂ"{i|Â"<y"„"‡ß"˙Î"·l{C"{Î"{&∫- ÈÂ"ª{i li∫{i|Â"yÎ"{<l´ª<|" $$ È{<lÂ"liE"
Â"ª{‹"”E"<˙"U"ik"{˙"{<¥"Â"´ªˆ"‡∫: $ μ"‡h"{l”E"{<ß"|Î"i˙"{C|"· <÷wÒ |"lEÎ"ik"{<ß"|Î"·Í|Î"i|Î"|" È{∫- |"≤™>μl˙"{≤Î"{E"”<|" $$ μ"‡h"{<lÂ"l˙"{≤Î"{<E"
<˙"kÓ"{i ¡ÒÂ"{<Ó" C"E|"”|Î"¨"f: $ o·|Î"¨"fü <˙"‹Î"i<|" $$ ∫ª{˙"·|Â"<y"o·|"i: Â"‡{ls„"{f˙"{i&¨"f# $ ÈEÎ"‰" li∫Î"{iˆ"{<l´ª|Î"i˙"w ü <˙"‹Î"i-|Î"¨"f# $
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ls:R"{„"{˙"{Ç" <˙"÷Ò{ª{„"{˙"<C"’i: $ ≈|Â"<y"U"μl{¨"if <˙"÷Ò{ªCÎ"i˙" <˙"˙"A"Ó"”Î"|˙"{y"l<˙"˙"A"{ $ Ã˙"Å" ëß"|Î"{f|ß"μ"·’i:í —<|" „"{ˆ"˙"|"CÎ"{<Â"
ß"|Î"if li∫i <Â"Óa>”÷DÒ|"i È{|ß"EÎ"∫<ß"<|" μ"·<’ªi˙" <˙"˙"<A"|"{ $ E" li∫{|ß" ÍÎ"μ"·<’´ª<|" ª∫CÎ"ß"Ø $ ÷iÒ<≤"y"· Î"’ß"f<˙"<U"ƒ>CÎ"{<˙"˙"i÷Ò{i Î"‰"
|"‰" |"Eß"·RÎ"<ß"<|" <E"Î"ß"{É"Eß"{<l‹"ß"f<˙"<U"ƒ>CÎ" li∫CÎ"{&|ß"EÎ"<˙"˙"i÷Ò —<|" ¬"Eß"{<l÷Òß"<Â" |"‰" ß"·RÎ"<ß"<|" „"{˙" —<|" <˙"˙"i÷Òß"E"{<o|Î"i<|"
N>”÷ÒÎ"{ <˙"˙"i÷Òß"{<o|Î"i|Î"·Â"i|Î" ˙Î"{RÎ"{E"Ø $ |"Ô" U"{i„"|"i $ li∫{|ß" ÍÎ"„"‡ß"CÎ" ëE" li∫{i&∫<ß"<|" Â"‡ß"{í —|Î"E"·˙Î"{RÎ"{E"C"·‹"Î"{il…f<k"|"|˙"iE"
|"lE"˙"e<ßμ"˙Î"{RÎ"{E"CÎ"{CÎ" „"‡ß"ß"±e|˙"{|"Ø $ È{ª{i<Â"|"CÎ" <ß"¨Î"{|˙"iE" <ß"¨Î"{¨"fCÎ" ß"·RÎ"|˙"˙"Ó"fE"{Î"{iˆ"{Ç" $ E" |"y˙"w U"·Í|"{
ß"·RÎ"<ß"|Î"·Í|"iªÂ"{CÎ"|˙"{Ç" $ μ"‡h"{l”E"{<ß"<|" μ"‡h"{<lli∫{i|Â"y"i: (˙Î"{.<N>.) Â"‡÷DÒ|"|˙"iE" |"ik"{ß"<˙"˙"i÷Ò{C"ß„"˙"{Ç" $ ë‹"”ªC|"‰" E"
ß"· fi <|"í —<|" ‹"”ªß"{‰"CÎ" ß"{i ∫ {„"{˙"{i Í |Î"{ ‹"”ª|"ß"CÎ" ÷ Ò ß"· < |"÷ÒEÎ"{Î"<C"’|˙"i E "{<˙"˙"i ÷ Ò{i Í |"i ª i ˙ "{<˙"˙"i ÷ Ò|˙"{Ç" $
„"{ˆ"˙"|"{liªEÎ"{¨"f˙"Ó"fE"{Ç"i<|" $
E"E"·(„"{iÍ|"{) <˙"˙"i÷Ò<E"ª{÷ÒªÓ"iE" Â"·E"ª<˙"˙"i÷Ò{å”÷Ò{ªi ÷Ò¨"w E" ˙Î"{∫<|"´ª<|" ≤"iÔ" $ li∫{|ß"„"‡{<E|"ª<˙"˙"i÷Ò: Â"ª{<„"ß"|"{i <E"ª{÷DÒ|":
$ li∫i È{|ß"”Î"|"Î"{ „"‡{<E|"¡ÒÂ"{i <˙"˙"i÷Ò{i&å”<÷‡ÒÎ"|"i $ |"CÎ" ß"±e<˙"ª{i‹"{|"Ø $ ÈCÎ" |"l<˙"ª{i-‹"{|"Ø $ ëÂ"‡|Î"·|" |"¨"{ ≤" |"A"{i„"Î"¨"{í —<|"
C"±‰"÷DÒ|C"ßß"|"|˙"iE" „"‡ß"|˙"{„"{˙"{Ç" $ Â"ªß"C˙"{|"E‰Î"CÎ" ˙" „"‡{<E|"-|˙"{Ç" $ È|" Ã˙" li∫{|ß"<˙"˙"i÷Òß"E"{<o|Î"i|Î"i|"|"Ø C∂·ÒN|">ª<˙"˙"i÷Ò<ß"<|"
<˙"¬"Î"”EÿC˙"{<ß"E"{i ˙Î"{≤"RÎ"·: $ ëE"{∫w ÷Ò|"{f ∫´ª: ÷Ò|"{fí —<|" C∂Ò·N>|"ª<˙"˙"i÷Ò<ß"|Î"¨"f —<|" C"èiÂ": $ ≈|Â"<y"U"μli<|" $$ ≈Â"eA"Ó"ß"i|"|"Ø
$ li∫∫{<E"ªi˙" ∫{<E"U"μl{¨"f —|Î"<Â" ˆ"‡{fiß"Ø $ ÷Òl{<≤"<l<|" $$ C˙"¡ÒÂ"{i|Â"Ô"CÎ" x"N>{lilif∫{i|Â"Ô"CÎ" ¬"”˙"CÎ"{<Â" ëÈ˙Î"Í|"{l”<E" „"±|"{<E"
˙Î"Í|"ß"‹Î"{<E" „"{ª|"í —<|" ˆ"”|"{<lU"{ ÷Òl{<≤"lsÂ"e„Î"|˙"w ß"·RÎ"CÎ"i<|" ‹Î"iÎ"<ß"<|" <l÷ØÒ $ ≈y"ªÂ"´ª-≤™i>li<|" $$ <E"l{ifk"|˙"CÎ"
|"D|"”Î"<˙"U"ik"Ó"|˙"{<l|Î"¨"f: $ Â"‡{C"´å÷Ò|˙"{Ô"{C"å<|"´ª<|" „"{˙": $
$$ —<|" o”ß"<ükÓ"·|"y˙"<˙"<E"Ó"fÎ"N>”÷ÒÎ"{ eμ‹"Â"‡<|"„"Î"{ „"{|": Â"´ª≤™i>l{i <ü|"”Î"÷Ò: $$
$$ C"ß"{¥"{i <ü|"”Î"Â"´ª≤™i>l: $$
$$ Ȩ" |"D|"”Î"Â"´ª≤™i>l: $$
ß"±eß"Ø- r$$ë˙"<¬"f|": C"˙"fl{ik" Î"{if ˆ"·Ó"C"˙"fC˙"ß"±<|"fß"{E"Ø $
C˙"|"E‰"{i Î"üU"{: C"˙"if C" <˙"kÓ"·: Â"ªß"{i ß"|": $$í
—<|" Â"ªß"{iÂ"<E"k"<l $
705
<˙"U"i k "i Ó " ÷ ÒC˙"¡ÒÂ"C˙"¡Ò<Â"˙Î"˙"∫{ª{i ˆ"· Ó "ˆ"· Ó Î"{<l˙Î"˙"∫{ª‚" ˙"|"f | "i $ ȉ"≤"{i Í |"w |"y˙"l”<Â"÷Ò{Î"{ß"Ø $
C"{iÎ"ß"i÷Ò‰"{Â"Î"{fÎ"E"{E"{U"μlÂ"‡˙"D<y"∫i|"·: $ Ã˙"w„"±|"i <˙"U"ik"i <÷wÒ Â"‡ß"{Ó"-<ß"<|" ≤"i|"Ø $ E" Â"‡ß"{Ó"Â"‡[": $ Ã˙"w„"±|"|˙"w E"
<˙"U"ik"{|"Ø <„"Ô"<ß"<|" $ ÈE"iE" ˙" ∫i|"{i‚"{E" ÷Ò{<E|"÷Ò|˙"w C"{<‹"|"ß"Ø $ C˙"¡Ò<Â"Ó" Ã˙" C˙"¡ÒÂ"|˙"lU"fE"{|"Ø $
ß"∫{iÂ"<E"k"l{<l<˙"ª{i‹"{li˙" ÷Ò{e{|Î"Î"{Â"<lƒ>>|˙"w ≤" $
N>”÷Ò{- ¬"ˆ"É"Eß"{<l÷Ò|"{fªw C"ß"C|"ˆ"·Ó"C"{ˆ"ªß"Ø $
È˙"ùˆ"E‹"<˙"‹"·ªw ∫´ªw ˙"Eli <E"ªE|"ªß"Ø $$
÷‡Òß"Â"‡{¥"w <˙"kÓ"{i<E"fl{ifk"{U"ik"C"l؈"·Ó"|˙"w o·<|"Â"·ª{Ó"˙"{ÍÎ"{„Î"{w C"{‹"Î"<|"- ˙"<¬"f|" —<|" $$ ȉ" ˆ"·Ó"U"μl: U"·„"˙"≤"E":
$ l{ik"{„"{˙"CÎ" ˆ"·Ó"|˙"i&<Â" „"{˙"{„"{˙"¡ÒÂ"|"Î"{ Â"D¨"ˆ"·<Í|": $ ˆ"·Ó"{E"{w C"˙"fC˙"w C"{÷Ò°Î"w |"li˙" ß"±<|"fC|"ü{E"Ø $ <˙"ˆ"‡∫˙"y˙"{|"Ø
÷Ò¨"w C"˙"fl{ik" ˙"f<¬"f|": $ <˙"ˆ"‡∫CÎ" l{ik"{<˙"E"{„"±|"-|˙"{<l|Î"i|"|Â"´ª∫{ª{Î"ilß"·Í|"ß"Ø $ ≈„"Î"{iÂ"Â"{lE"ß"Ø- C˙"|"E‰" —<|" $$
C" <˙"kÓ"·´ª|Î"{<l C"{‹Î"<E"lifU":$ Ã˙"ß"i˙" <E"|Î"i|Î"{<l˙"{ÍÎ"Î"{i¬"E"{ $ ≤"ilØ Î"<l, |"∫”f<|" U"ik": $ ≈|Â"<y"ªi˙" l{ik"˙Î"{¥"{
$ ß"{E"·k"ik"· |"· C"·|"ª{ß"Ø $ <≤"E|"{<lÎ"·ˆ"Ø ÈE"·ß"{E"iE" MUÎ"|"i, ˙"‡Ó"{<lÎ"·÷ØÒ Â"‡|Î"A"iÓ" $ |˙"ü≤"E"iE" Â"‡|Î"A"{<llU"fE"iE" ≤" ¬"{|"
Ãk" C"wU"Î": $ ß"|Î" f: <÷Òß"· $
ß"{E"·k"ik"· ÷Ò¨"ß"·lÂ"ù|"i|Î"CÎ" Â"´ª∫{ª:- À”<|" $$ C"ß"{C"{E|"{i <˙"<‹"ª<E"|Î" —<|" À”Â"·wC"i<|" E"{iÍ|"ß"Ø $ ß"ew
U"·]ÒU"{i<Ó"|"ß"Ø $ È<„"Î"{iˆ": C"ßμ"E‹": $ C" È{|ß"{ ÷Ò{ªÓ"w Î"CÎ" li∫CÎ" C" |"¨"{iÍ|":$ ë<˙"˘"{E"ß"{E"Elw μ"‡h"í —<|"˙"|"Ø
C"·R"U"μlCÎ" <˙"U"ikÎ"<eå|"{ $ È|" Ã˙" <≤"E|"{<ll{ik"ª<∫|"{i&<Â" $ |"<∫f ÷Ò¨"w |"˜U"fE"<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- |"¨"{&Â"”<|" $$
Â"ªik"{w C"É"E"{E"{w ≤" ß"{i∫{Î" $ l{ik"{„"{˙"ß"i˙" Â"‡÷ÒN>Î"<|"- πiÒ<|" $$ ÈC"·ª{<lß"{i∫E"w <÷Òß"¨"f<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- l{ ef„Î"{Î" ˙"i<|"
$$ ÈC"·ª{Ó"{ß"|Î"E|"w |"ß":Â"‡{¥"Î"i Â"ªik"{w <˙"eßμ"{Î" $ |"iE" ÷Ò¨"w ß"{iA"l{ ef„Î"<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- <ß"¨Î"i<|" $$ ß"·<Í|"w E" Î"{<E|"
$ È|Î"E|"ß"<˙"eßμ"iE" ≤" |"ß"{i Î"{<E|" ≤"{C"·ª{: $
ȉ" ÷iÒ<≤"|Â"ªß"{|ß"{ <E"ˆ"·fÓ" Ã˙"i<|" Â"‡<|"Â"Ô"{: $ C"ˆ"·Ó"|˙"i&<Â" ˆ"·Ó"{E"{w |"|": Â"ªCÂ"ªw ≤"{|Î"E|"w „"ilß"i÷iÒ ß"EÎ"E|"i $
ÈÂ"ªi „"il{„"il{ $ ÈEÎ"i |˙"{E"El{lÎ"{i <ü<˙"‹"{: C˙"¡ÒÂ"„"±|"{ <„"Ô"{‚"i<|" $ Ã|"|Â"A"≤"|"·ƒ>Î"<E"ª{C"iE" C˙"Â"A"w o·|Î" ˙"
C"{‹"Î"<|"- ˆ"·Ó"i<|" $$ È{<lÂ"liE" ¬"{|Î"{<lˆ"‡∫Ó"ß"Ø $ ÈE"iE" Â"ªß"{|ß"E"{i ˆ"·Ó"{lÎ": C"<E|" $ |"i ≤" |"iE"{|Î"E|"{<„"Ô"{ —<|"
˙"≤"E"iE" ≤"|˙"{ª{i&<Â" Â"A"{ <E"ªC|"{: $ ÈEÎ"<l<|" „"il{„"il{˙"{E"El{<lü <˙"‹Î"w ≤" $ È|" Ã÷iÒE" Â"ªß"{|ß"E"{&|Î"E|"{<„"Ô"|˙"{|"Ø
$ ÷Ò¨"w |"fi{fE"Elw μ"‡h"Ó" —|Î"{<lC"ßμ"E‹"˙Î"˙"∫{ª{i, ˆ"·Ó"ik"· ˙"∫s˙"≤"E"˙Î"˙"∫{ª{i, ˆ"·<Ó"EÎ"i÷Ò˙"≤"E"w, U"μl{E"{ß"Â"Î"{fÎ"|˙"w
≤"i|Î"|" È{∫- C˙"¡ÒÂ"i&Â"”<|" $$ È<„"Ô"i&Â"”|Î"¨"f: $ <˙"U"ik"{i E"{ß" ÷Ò{≤"E" ˙"C|"·E": U"<Í|": $ |"|C"ß„"{-˙"E"{¨"¿ Mƒ>{E|"ß"{∫-
C˙"¡ÒÂ"|˙"˙"<l<|" $$ E"<∫ C˙"¡ÒÂ"i C˙"¡ÒÂ"|˙"w E"{ß" <„"Ô"{i ‹"ß"{if&<C|" $ È<C|" ≤" |˙"Â"‡|Î"Î": $ E" ≤"{C"{ <E"<˙"fk"Î":,
ÈÂ"‡Î"{iˆ"Â"‡C"å{|"Ø $ È|"{i&<C|" |"|Â"‡˙"Dy"{ <÷Òß"<Â" <E"<ß"y"ß"Ø $ C" Ã˙" <˙"U"ik": $ Ã˙"ß"EÎ"‰"{<Â" ˙"i<l|"˙Î"<ß"<|" $ ÈC|Î"i˙"i<|"
C"ßμ"E‹": $ |"iE" Â"‡ß"{Ó"˙"y"{w C"±≤"Î"<|" $ Î"¨"{iÍ|"ß"Ø- Î"iE" Â"‡|Î"A"<C"’iE"i|Î"{<l $ |"·U"μliE" ˙" U"i<k"÷Ò{„Î"·Â"ˆ"|"{lØ
<˙"U"ik"{ü–˙"<≤™>E"<y" $ Î"ù<C|" |"|": <÷Ò<ß"|Î"|" È{∫- „"ili<|" $$ ˙Î"˙"∫{ª: C"ßμ"E‹"{<l<˙"k"Î": $
(ª.<N>.) ˙Î"{<≤"RÎ"{<C"|"Â"´ª≤™i>lÂ"‡<|"Â"{ù<˙"U"ik"Ó"Î"·Í|"w ∫´ªw E"ß"<|"- ¬"ˆ"É"Eß"{<l÷Ò|"{fª<ß"<|" $$ ÷‡Òß"-Â"‡{¥"<ß"<|" $$ <E"lifU"÷‡Òß"iÓ"
Â"‡{¥"<ß"|Î"¨"f: $ U"·„"˙"≤"E"<ß"<|" $$ |"¨"{ ≤" ls:R"{l”E"{ß"<Â" ˆ"·Ó"|˙"{|÷Ò¨"w ˆ"·Ó"C"˙"fC˙"-ß"±<|"fß"y˙"w C"˙"fl{ik"<˙"˙"<¬"f|"|˙"{iÂ"Â"{l÷Ò<ß"<|"
˙"AÎ"|" —<|" U"ä{&E"˙"÷Ò{U" —<|" „"{˙": $ ≤"iùl”<|" $$ ÷Ò¨"<ß"<|"-U"μlμ"e{lCÎ" |"÷fÒ¡ÒÂ"|˙"ß"˙"ˆ"ßÎ"|"i $ ≤"i≤™>μlCÎ" U"ä{¨"f|˙"i |"Ô"
CÎ"{<l<|" „"{˙": $ ß"{E"·k"i<k˙"|Î"CÎ" ˙" Î"¨Î"¿ Â"´ª∫ª<|"- ≈|Â"<y"ªi˙"i<|" $$ ÈE"·ß"{E"iE"i<|" $$ <≤"E|"{liª{E|"ª|˙"iE" Â"ªÂ"‡|Î"A"{<˙"k"Î"|˙"{<l<|"
„"{˙": $ l{ik"{„"{˙"-eA"Ó"÷Ò{iNØ–·>Â"C¨"{Â"÷Ò{„"{˙"{|÷Ò¨"w C"wU"Î" —|Î"|" È{∫- |˙"ü≤"E"iE"i<|" $$ ß"|Î" f: <÷Ò<ß˙"<|" $$ ÈE"iE"{Â"ª ´ª|Î"CÎ"
Pÿ{<lli˙" ´ª|Î"¨"f: —|Î"·Í|"w „"˙"<|" $ E"E"· À”Â"·wß"e{|ß"i|Î"{<lE"{i|Â"<y"eA"Ó"l{ik" Ã˙" Â"´ª¸|"{i E" |"· <≤"E|"{¡ÒÂ"l{ik" —<|" ÷Ò¨"w |"|Â"‡lU"fE"ˆ"<|":
|"¨"{&Â"”|Î"{<lE"{ ÷Ò¨Î"|"i —|Î"|" È{∫- È|" Ã˙" <≤"E|"{l”<|" $$ Î"iE" Â"‡|Î"A"-<C"’iE"i|Î"{l”<|" $$ ȉ"{&<lÂ"liE"
707
Â"‡iÂC"{˙"y˙"{l|": ÷Ò¨"w |"CÎ"{&E"El{<lˆ"·Ó"Â"±Ó"f|˙"w ls:R"{<ll{ik"l…ª|˙"w ≤" E" „"˙"<|" $ ȉ" |"i Â"‡Î"{iˆ"{:- —fX"ª: C"˙"fˆ"·Ó"Â"±Ó"f: C"˙"fl{ik"l…ª‚"
C˙"|"E‰"|˙"{|"Ø, ˙Î"<|"ªi÷iÒÓ" Î"˘"ly"˙"|"Ø $ —fX"ª{i <˙"Â"‡<|"Â"Ô"ˆ"·Ó"˙"{E"Ø |"‰" Â"‡iÂC"{˙"y˙"i C"<|" C˙"|"E‰"|˙"{|"Ø $ Î"{i Î"‰" Â"‡iÂC"{˙"y˙"i C"<|"
C˙"|"E‰": C" |"ü{E"Ø Î"¨"{ C"ßÂ"‡<|"Â"Ô": $ —fX"ª{i E" <˙"ß"|"l{ik"˙"{E"Ø |"<É"∫{C"·|˙"i C"<|" C˙"|"E‰"|˙"{|"Ø $ Î"{i Î"‰" <¬"∫{C"{˙"y˙"i C"<|"
C˙"|"E‰": (o”.<N>.) C" |"l„"{˙"˙"{E"Ø Î"¨"{ C"ßß"|" —<|" $ Ã˙"ß"i˙"i<|" $$ ȉ"{<Â" ˆ"·Ó"U"μl: U"·„"˙"≤"E": $ l{ik"{„"{˙"CÎ" ˆ"·Ó"|˙"i&<Â"
„"{˙"{„"{˙"¡ÒÂ"|"Î"{ Â"D¨"ˆ"·<Í|": $ ≈„"Î"{iÂ"Â"{lE"w C˙"|"E‰" —<|" $ Â"ªß"{i <˙"kÓ"·´ª<|" C"{‹Î"<E"lifU" —|Î"i˙"w ˙"<¬"f|" —<|" ˙"{ÍÎ"Î"{i¬"E"{˙"li˙"
<E"|Î"Â"±Ó"if|Î"{<l˙"{ÍÎ"Î"{i¬"E"{&<Â" ÿƒ>˙Î"i|Î"¨"f: $ ë<E"l{ifk"‚"i|÷Ò¨"w <˙"kÓ"·ß"{fE"·-k"ik"±lÂ"ù|"í —|Î"CÎ" |"÷fÒ¡ÒÂ"|˙"w |"{˙"|÷Ò¨"wU"μlμ"e{l˙"ˆ"ßÎ"|"i
$ |"‰" ≤"i≤™>μlCÎ" U"ä{¨"f|˙"i |"Ô" CÎ"{l|"{i ˙Î"{≤"i>- ≤"iùl”<|" $$ ≤"i≤™>μl{i Î"l”|Î"¨"f÷Ò —|Î"¨"f: $ |"¨"{ ≤" <˙"kÓ"·Î"f<l <E"l{ifk": CÎ"{|÷Ò¨"w
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710
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711
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