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Proyecto Energía Renovable
Proyecto Energía Renovable
ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES
● Energía hidráulica
● Energía solar térmica
● Biomasa
● Energía solar
● Energía eólica
● Energía Geotérmica
● Energía mareomotriz
Energía solar
La energía solar es una fuente de vida y origen de la mayoría de las demás formas
de energía en la Tierra. Cada año la radiación solar aporta a la Tierra la energía
equivalente a varios miles de veces la cantidad de energía que consume la
humanidad. Recogiendo de forma adecuada la radiación solar, esta puede
transformarse en otras formas de energía como energía térmica o energía eléctrica
utilizando paneles solares.
Mediante colectores solares, la energía solar puede transformarse en energía
térmica, y utilizando paneles fotovoltaicos la energía lumínica puede transformarse
en energía eléctrica. Ambos procesos nada tienen que ver entre sí en cuanto a su
tecnología. Así mismo, en las centrales térmicas solares se utiliza la energía térmica
de los colectores solares para generar electricidad.
Se distinguen dos componentes en la radiación solar: la radiación directa y la
radiación difusa. La radiación directa es la que llega directamente del foco solar, sin
reflexiones o refracciones intermedias. La difusa es la emitida por la bóveda celeste
diurna gracias a los múltiples fenómenos de reflexión y refracción solar en la
atmósfera, en las nubes, y el resto de elementos atmosféricos y terrestres. La
radiación directa puede reflejarse y concentrarse para su utilización, mientras que
no es posible concentrar la radiación difusa que proviene de todas direcciones. Sin
embargo, tanto la radiación directa como la radiación difusa son aprovechables.
2. Es abundante. La tierra recibe 120 mil terawatts de radiación solar, 20 mil veces
de energía que la energía que se necesita en el mundo entero
6. Sistemas compartidos. No todas las casas o edificios tienen espacio para ubicar
decenas o centenas de paneles solares, es por ello que se están creando los
“jardines solares comunitarios”, de tal manera que la gente se puede suscribir a
estos parques y ahorrar electricidad.
Recordemos que la energía solar es la energía del sol recibida por la tierra esta
energía la encontramos en forma de radiación solar, no produce emisiones de co2 o
gases de otra especie, no consume combustible ni requiere de otros recursos
naturales, al realizar la transformación de esta energía su único costo son la
fabricación de los componentes necesarios para producir los paneles.
Las energías renovables como fuente de energía han estado durante miles de años
de alguna manera u otra, ahora bien cuando entendí lo sostenible e importante que
es la energía solar en la economía moderna entendí lo necesario que es utilizar este
recurso natural en los sistemas de producción.
In this document we will address the main aspects of renewable energy in this case
solar energy from the perspective of society and as future engineers, will present the
definitions and concepts necessary to address this issue, we will continue with the
idea of the proposed project materials and how the idea is developed and we will
finish with the presentation of the finished project.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
RENEWABLE ENERGIES
According to the IDAE (The Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy):
renewable energies are clean and almost inexhaustible resources that nature
provides. Due to their native nature, they contribute to reduce our country's
dependence on external supplies, reduce the risk of a poorly diversified supply and
favor the development of new technologies and job creation.
● Hydraulic
● energy Solar thermal
● Biomass
● Energy solar
● energy Wind
● energy Geothermal
● energy Tidal
Energy Solar
Energy solar energy is a source of life and origin of most other forms of energy in the
earth. Each year solar radiation provides the Earth with energy equivalent to several
thousand times the amount of energy consumed by mankind. By properly collecting
solar radiation, it can be transformed into other forms of energy such as thermal
energy or electrical energy using solar panels.
Through solar collectors, solar energy can be transformed into thermal energy, and
using photovoltaic panels the light energy can be transformed into electrical energy.
Both processes have nothing to do with each other in terms of their technology.
Likewise, in the solar thermal power plants the thermal energy of the solar collectors
is used to generate electricity.
There are two components in solar radiation: direct radiation and diffuse radiation.
Direct radiation is the one that comes directly from the solar focus, without
intermediate reflections or refractions. The diffuse is the one emitted by the celestial
daylight vault thanks to the multiple phenomena of reflection and solar refraction in
the atmosphere, in the clouds, and the rest of atmospheric and terrestrial elements.
Direct radiation can be reflected and concentrated for use, while it is not possible to
concentrate diffuse radiation that comes from all directions. However, both direct
radiation and diffuse radiation are usable.
The idea is to a car (toy) that moves with electric energy (batteries), install a solar or
panel photovoltaic panel on the car, to generate movement taking advantage of the
sun's energy.
3. Friendly to the environment. The sun's energy does not cause pollution.
5. Reduce electricity costs. With the new bidirectional meters, it is possible that if a
household produces more energy than it consumes, it can "return" to the CFE power
grid, which gives the user credit in favor.
6. Shared systems. Not all houses or buildings have space to locate tens or
hundreds of solar panels, which is why “community solar gardens” are being created,
so that people can subscribe to these parks and save electricity.
8. Low maintenance. You hardly need cleaning of the panels, which come to have up
to 20 years warranty.
9. Exponential advances in technology. Innovation in nanotechnology and quantum
physics represents the hope that will get up to triple the energy from increasingly
smaller solar panels.
3. Storage is expensive. In fact there are battery banks for use at home that can
store solar energy, however this is still expensive for residential applications.
4. Manufacturing panels using exotic materials. Some panels occupy rare materials
in nature such as those using cadmium tellurium or selenium gallium indium and
copper.
5. A lot of space. Not all cities have the benefit of solar collection (energy density)
measured in watts per square meter. There are places where many more panels are
needed to collect the same amount of energy.
Recall that solar energy is the energy of the sun received by the earth.This energy is
found in the form of solar radiation, does not produce CO2 emissions or gases of
another species, does not consume fuel or require other natural resources, when
transforming This energy its only cost is the manufacture of the necessary
components to produce the panels.
The solar collection modules require a relatively simple maintenance which, together
with the progressive and accelerated decrease in the cost of photovoltaic cells,
explain the favorable prospects currently available for solar technology.
Also taking into account that after production these elements do not generate waste,
do not need maintenance and have a long duration.
The Chilean poet Pablo Neruda recited in El Sol: “I am a light man, with so much
pink / with so much clarity destined / that I will die of brilliance”. Solar energy, on the
other hand, will never die of shining so much as the Sun still has 6.5 billion years of
life, according to NASA. In much less time, solar technology has evolved to be
competitive with conventional sources of power generation in some countries and in
just a few decades will become a substantial part of a sustainable energy system
globally.
In addition, the conditions for its development are optimal: every hour, the sun
throws more energy on the Earth - in the form of light and heat - than enough to
meet the global needs of a full year. Energy needs that solar radiation could meet
4,000 times each year.
The transition to an energy system based on renewable technologies will also have
very positive economic effects. According to IRENA (International Renewable
Energy Agency), doubling the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix to
reach 36% in 2030 would mean an additional global growth of 1.1% that year
(equivalent to 1.3 billion dollars), an increase of well-being of 3.7% and the increase
of employment in the sector to more than 24 million people, compared to the current
9.2 million.
TAKEN FROM: Energiasrenovablesinfo
“Close solution for the use of solar energy” (“Use of solar energy is near a solution”),
read a headline of the prestigious American newspaper New York Times on April 4,
1931. As a premonition, more 80 years later, millions of human beings around the
world are supplied with electricity by means of renewable energy such as solar and
Humanity are preparing to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy, aware
of the finiteness of fossil fuels and of its harmful effects on the environment, as the
main cause of global warming.
OBJECTIVES
1. Know and understand the use and implications of renewable energy, the
impact on society and the use of renewable energy.
2. Use solar energy when building a car replacing batteries.
3. Make a car that moves with a solar panel, to generate less pollution and
contribute to the social economy.
4. Understand the impact generated by the use of renewable energy on the
planet.
Materiales
1. https://www.idae.es/tecnologias/energias-renovables
2. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energía_renovable#Energía_solar
3. https://www.multimedia.com.mx/blog/index.php/186-energia-solar-en-tu-casa-
ha-llegado-el-momento