DISEÑO DE LOSA DE CIMENTACION.

MATERIALES:

Hormigón Armado

kgf
fc ≔ 250 ――
2
cm

kgf
fy ≔ 4200 ――
2
cm

tonf ≔ 1000 kgf

PARAMETROS DE DISEÑO

tonf
Peso especifico del suelo γs ≔ 1.8 ――
3
m

tonf
Peso especifico Hormigón Armado γh ≔ 2.5 ――
3
m

kgf
Tensiones admisibles sello fundación qadm ≔ 2 ――
2
cm
Recubrimiento r ≔ 7.5 cm

PARAMETROS GEOMETRICOS.

Ancho Fundación By ≔ 1200 mm

Largo de la Fundación Bx ≔ 1200 mm

Altura de la Losa H3 ≔ 600 mm

Altura Pedestal bajo Nivel suelo H2 ≔ 0 mm

Altura de Pedestal sobre terreno H1 ≔ 0 mm

Ancho Pedestal by ≔ 0 mm

Largo Pedestal bx ≔ 0 mm

Coeficiente de fricción suelo hormigón µ ≔ 0.40

SOLICITACIONES.

P ≔ 5.343 tonf Vx ≔ 0.452 tonf

Mx ≔ 0 tonf ⋅ m Vy ≔ 0.98 tonf

My ≔ 0 tonf ⋅ m

DETERMINACION DE CARGAS EN EL SELLO.

Peso Pedestal y Losa:

w1 ≔ by ⋅ bx ⋅ H2 ⋅ γh + Bx ⋅ By ⋅ H3 ⋅ γh = 2.16 tonf

Peso Relleno

w2 ≔ ⎛⎝Bx ⋅ By ⋅ H2 - by ⋅ bx ⋅ H2⎞⎠ ⋅ γs = 0.00 tonf

w ≔ w1 + w2 = 2.16 tonf

N ≔ P + w = 7.50 tonf

Momentos Totales

Mxt ≔ Mx + Vx ⋅ ⎛⎝H1 + H2⎞⎠ = 0.00 m ⋅ tonf

Myt ≔ My + Vy ⋅ ⎛⎝H1 + H2⎞⎠ = 0.00 m ⋅ tonf

DETERMINACION DE LA EXCENTRICIDAD DE CARGA

Myt Bx
ex ≔ ―― = 0.00 cm ―= 0.20 m
N 6

Mxt By
ey ≔ ―― = 0.00 cm ―= 0.20 m
N 6

Las excentricidades deben estar dentro del tercio central de la losa

CARGA MAXIMA SOBRE EL SELLO

N ⎛ 6 ⋅ ex 6 ⋅ ey ⎞ 1
qmax ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 + ――+ ―― ⎟ = 0.52 ―― ⋅ kgf
⎜ ⎟ 2
Bx ⋅ By ⎝ Bx By ⎠ cm
REACCIONES EN LOS VERTICES

N ⎛ 6 ⋅ ex 6 ⋅ ey ⎞ 1
q1 ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 + ――+ ―― ⎟ = 5.21 ―― ⋅ tonf
2
Bx ⋅ By ⎜⎝ Bx By ⎟⎠ m

N ⎛ 6 ⋅ ex 6 ⋅ ey ⎞ 1
q2 ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 - ――+ ―― ⎟ = 5.21 ―― ⋅ tonf
2
Bx ⋅ By ⎜⎝ Bx By ⎟⎠ m

N ⎛ 6 ⋅ ex 6 ⋅ ey ⎞ 1
q3 ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 + ――- ―― ⎟ = 5.21 ―― ⋅ tonf
2
⎜
Bx ⋅ By ⎝ Bx By ⎠ ⎟ m

N ⎛ 6 ⋅ ex 6 ⋅ ey ⎞ 1
q4 ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 - ――- ―― ⎟ = 5.21 ―― ⋅ tonf
2
Bx ⋅ By ⎜⎝ Bx By ⎟⎠ m

SEGURIDAD AL DESLIZAMIENTO.

FR ≔ µ ⋅ N = 3.00 tonf

FR
FSX ≔ ― = 6.64
Vx

FR
FSY ≔ ― = 3.06
Vy

SEGURIDAD AL VUELCO

Lado Corto (Y): Lado Largo

Bx
MR ≔ N ⋅ ―= 4.50 m ⋅ tonf
2

MR N ⋅ By
FR ≔ ―――――――= 16.60 FR ≔ ―――――――――
Mx + Vx ⋅ ⎝H3 + H2 + H1⎞⎠
⎛ 2 My + 2 Vy ⋅ ⎛⎝H3 + H2 + H1⎞⎠

FR = 7.66
DISEÑO CORTANTE

La altura de la losa de fundación de la zapata esta definida por su capacidad resistente al corte
y punzonamiento. Para ambos casos se utilizan los estados de carga últimos.

La sección critica de corte se encuentra a una distancia d desde las caras de los pedestales o
columnas.

d ≔ H3 - r = 52.50 cm

ANALISIS DIRECCION X

N ⎛ ex ⎞ 1
qmaxX ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 + 6 ⋅ ―⎟ = 5.21 ―― ⋅ tonf
2
Bx ⋅ By ⎜⎝ Bx ⎟⎠ m

N ⎛ ex ⎞ 1
qminX ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 - 6 ⋅ ―⎟ = 5.21 ―― ⋅ tonf
2
Bx ⋅ By ⎜⎝ Bx ⎟⎠ m

Calculo esfuerzo en la distancia d, lado largo

x1 ≔ 0 m

x2 ≔ Bx = 1.20 m

qmaxX - qminX 1 1
m ≔ ――――= 0.00 ―― ⋅ ―⋅ kgf
2
x2 - x1 cm m

B x + bx
x3 ≔ ――― + d = 1.13 m
2

1
qc ≔ qmaxX - m ⋅ ⎛⎝x2 - x3⎞⎠ = 0.52 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
cm
 ⎛q ⎞
maxX + qc
Vux ≔ ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ By ⋅ ⎛⎝Bx - x3⎞⎠ = 0.47 tonf
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

Corte admisible

kgf
k ≔ 1 ⋅ ――
2
cm
‾‾
fc Vux
1 1
vc ≔ 0.5 ⋅ k ―= 7.91 ―― ⋅ kgf Vu ≔ ―――― = 0.09 ―― ⋅ kgf
2 2
k cm 0.85 ⋅ By ⋅ d cm

ANALISIS DIRECCION Y

N ⎛ ey ⎞ 1
qmaxY ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 + 6 ⋅ ―⎟ = 5.21 ―― ⋅ tonf
2
Bx ⋅ By ⎜⎝ By ⎟⎠ m

N ⎛ ey ⎞ 1
qminY ≔ ――⋅ ⎜1 - 6 ⋅ ―⎟ = 5.21 ―― ⋅ tonf
2
Bx ⋅ By ⎜⎝ By ⎟⎠ m

Calculo esfuerzo en la distancia d, lado largo

x11 ≔ 0 m

x22 ≔ Bx = 1.20 m

qmaxY - qminY 1 1
m ≔ ――――= 0.00 ―― ⋅ ―⋅ kgf
2
x22 - x11 cm m

B y + by
x33 ≔ ――― + d = 1.13 m
2

1
qc ≔ qmaxY - m ⋅ ⎛⎝x22 - x33⎞⎠ = 0.52 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
cm

⎛q ⎞
maxY + qc
Vuy ≔ ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ Bx ⋅ ⎛⎝By - x33⎞⎠ = 0.47 tonf
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

Corte admisible

kgf
k ≔ 1 ⋅ ――
2
cm
‾‾
fc Vux
1 1
vc ≔ 0.5 ⋅ k ―= 7.91 ―― ⋅ kgf Vu ≔ ―――― = 0.09 ―― ⋅ kgf
2 2
k cm 0.85 ⋅ By ⋅ d cm
VERIFICACION CORTE POR PUNZONAMIENTO

La sección critica por punzonamiento se sitúa alrededor del pedestal en una separación d/2

d
Xcrit ≔ ―= 0.26 m
2

N 1
q ≔ ――= 0.52 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
Bx ⋅ By cm

La fuerza de corte sobre la sección critica es:

Vuc ≔ q ⋅ ⎛⎝Bx ⋅ By - ⎛⎝bx + 2 Xcrit⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝by + 2 ⋅ Xcrit⎞⎠⎞⎠ = 6.07 tonf

La tensión de corte por punzonamiento que actual sobre la sección es:

Vuc 1
σp ≔ ―――――――――――――――= 0.65 ―― ⋅ kgf
0.85 ⋅ ⎛⎝bx + 2 ⋅ Xcrit⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 ⋅ d + 0.85 ⋅ ⎛⎝by + 2 Xcrit⎞⎠ ⋅ 2 ⋅ d cm
2

Tensión admisible por punzonamiento

‾‾
fc 1
Vp ≔ k ⋅ ―= 15.81 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
k cm

DISEÑO A FLEXION.

Dirección x

1
x1 ≔ 0 m q1 = 0.52 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
cm
1
x2 ≔ Bx = 1.20 m q2 = 0.52 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
cm

q 1 - q2 1 1
m ≔ ――― = 0.00 ―― ⋅ ―⋅ kgf
2
x2 - x1 cm m

B x + bx 1
x3 ≔ ――― = 0.60 m qc ≔ q1 - m ⋅ ⎛⎝x2 - x3⎞⎠ = 0.52 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
2 cm

bx1 ≔ Bx - x3 = 0.60 m

1
qx1 ≔ q1 - qc = 0.00 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
cm
 ⎛q ⋅b 2 qx1 ⋅ bx1 2 ⋅ bx1 ⎞
c x1
Mu ≔ 100 cm ⋅ ⎜――― + ――― ⋅ ――⎟ = 93787.50 cm ⋅ kgf
⎜⎝ 2 2 3 ⎟⎠

0.85 ⋅ fc ⋅ 100 cm ⋅ d ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾

2 ⋅ Mu
⎞
2
As ≔ ――――――⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――――――――⎟ = 0.47 cm
fy ⎜⎝ 0.85 ⋅ 0.90 ⋅ fc ⋅ 100 cm ⋅ d ⎟⎠
2

Acero Mínimo:

ρmin ≔ 0.0018

2
Asmin ≔ 0.0018 ⋅ d ⋅ 100 cm = 9.45 cm

Dirección y:

1
x1 ≔ 0 m q3 = 0.52 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
cm
1
x2 ≔ By = 1.20 m q1 = 0.52 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
cm

q 1 - q3 1 1
m ≔ ――― = 0.00 ―― ⋅ ―⋅ kgf
2
x2 - x1 cm m

B y + by 1
x3 ≔ ――― = 0.60 m qc ≔ q1 - m ⋅ ⎛⎝By - x3⎞⎠ = 0.52 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
2 cm

by1 ≔ By - x3 = 0.60 m

1
qy1 ≔ q1 - qc = 0.00 ―― ⋅ kgf
2
cm
⎛q ⋅b 2 qy1 ⋅ by1 2 ⋅ by1 ⎞
c y1
Mu ≔ 100 cm ⋅ ⎜――― + ――― ⋅ ――⎟ = 93787.50 cm ⋅ kgf
⎜⎝ 2 2 3 ⎟⎠

0.85 ⋅ fc ⋅ 100 cm ⋅ d ⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾

2 ⋅ Mu
⎞
2
As ≔ ――――――⋅ ⎜1 - 1 - ――――――――⎟ = 0.47 cm
fy ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟
0.85 ⋅ 0.90 ⋅ fc ⋅ 100 cm ⋅ d ⎠

Acero Mínimo:

ρmin ≔ 0.0018

2
Asmin ≔ ρmin ⋅ d ⋅ 100 cm = 9.45 cm