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T10815 PDF
T10815 PDF
ESCUELA DE INGENIERÍA
(Raque C
Ji mi 9/tadre} por ser eCpiCar en mi vida.
Resumen i
Presentación ii
Capitulo 1
Fundamentos Básicos
Introducción 1
1.1 Extinción 1
1.1.1 Clasificación de los Sistemas de Extinción 3
1.1.1.1 Según Sustancia Extintor a 3
1.1. L 2Segim Modo de Aplicación 3
1.1.13 Según Sistema de Accionamiento 4
1.1.1.4 Segj'in Zona de Actuación 4
1.1.2 Sistemas de Extinción Automática 4
1. L 2.1 Mediante Agua 4
1. L2. L1 Agua Pulverizada 4
1.1.2.2 Mediante Espuma 5
1.1.2,3 Mediante Dióxido de Ccn'bono : 5
L1.2.4 Mediante Gases Inertes 5
U.2.5 Mediante Sistema de Polvo 6
1.2 Detección 6
1.2.1 Detección Humana 6
1.2.2 Detección Automática 6
1.3 Instrumentación de un Sistema Contraincendios 7
1.3.1 Detector de Flama 7
1.3.1.1 Aplicaciones Detector de Flama 8
1.3.1.1.1 Aplicaciones Típicas 8
L 3. L 1.2 Productos de Petróleo 8
1.3.1.1.3 Combustible Gaseoso 9
L 3. L L4 Otros Procesos ' 9
13.2 Detector de Gas 9
1.3.3Detector de Humo 12
1.3.3.1 Funcionamiento Detector por ionización 13
1.3.3.2 Funcionamiento Detector Fotoeléctrico 13
1.3.4 Detectores de Calor 14
1.3.4J Detector de Temperatura Fija 14
1.3.4.2 Detector de Calor Velocimétrico 15
1.3.4.3 Detector de Calor Combinado 15
1.3.4.4 Detector de Calor Termoeléctrico 16
1.3.5 Rociadores Automáticos 16
1.4 Normas Existentes Referentes a un Sistema Conlraincendios 18
1.4.1 Normas 1P 18
1.4.2NormasNKM'A 19
1.4.3NormasNFPA 21
Capitulo 2
Diseño de un sistema Conlraincendios
Introducción 23
2.1 Descripción de la Planta 23
2.1.1 Generalidades 23
2.1.2 Funcionamiento de la Planta 24
2.1.2.1 Obtención 24
2.1.2.2 Tratamiento del Gas 24
2.1.2.3 Compresión del Gas 25
2.1.2.4 Transporte 26
2.1.2.5 Almacenaje 26
2.1.3 Clasificación Explosiva, de la Planta 26
2.2 Sistema de Detección 28
2.2.1 Detector de Flama 28
2.2,1.1 Descripción General 28
2,2, ]. 2 Instalación y Montaje 29
2.2.1.3 Posición y Densidad del Detector 20
2.2.1.4 Funcionamiento del Sistema 30
2.2.1.5 Codificación y Cobertura 32
2.2.2 Detector de Gas 33
2.2.2.1 Descripción General 33
2.2.2.2 Instalación y Montaje 35
2.2.2.3 Funcionamiento del Sistema 35
2.2.2.4 Codificación y Cobertura 36
2.2.3 Detector de Humo 37
2.2.3.1 Descripción General 37
2.2.3.2 Instalación y Montaje 38
2.2.3.3 Funcionamiento del Sistema 38
2.2.3.4 Codificación y Cobertura 38
2.3 Sistema de Extinción 39
2.3.1 Componentes de Sistema 39
2.3.1.1 Requerimientos de Agua 40
2.3.1.2 Sistema de Almacenamiento 40
2.3.1.3 Sistemas de Bombeo de Agua 40
2.3.1.4 Caseta de Bombas 41
2.3.1.4.1 Tipos de Bomba 42
2.3.1.4.2 Componentes del Sistema de Bombeo 42
2.3.1.5 Línea de Agua 44
2.3.1.6 Hiarantes 45
2.3.1.7Manifolds 45
2.3.1.8 Válvulas 46
2.3.1.9 Rociadores Automáticos 47
2.3.1.9.1 Datos Técnicos 48
2.3.1.9.2 Tipos de Rociadores 48
2.3.1.9.3 Instalación y Montaje 50
2.3.1.9.4 Funcionamiento del Sistema 50
2.4 Sistema de Control 50
2.4.1 Módulos Constituyentes del PLC 51
2.4.1.1 Configuración de Instrumentos 52
2.5 Conexionado de Instnimentos 55
2.5.1 Cableado 55
2.5.2 Conexión en Tablero de Incendios 56
2.5.3 Diagramas de Conexión de Sensores 58
2.5.3.1 Diagramación Entradas Analógicas 58
2.5.3.2 Diagramación Entradas Digitales 71
Capitulo 3
Interfaz Hombre -Máquina 86
Introducción 86
3.1 Manual de Usuario 86
3.1.1 Pantalla Principal 87
3.1. 1.1 Tanque de Almacenamiento de Agua 87
3.1.1.2 Sistema de Bombeo 89
3.1.1.3 Sistema de Detección y Extinción 89
3.LL4 Paneles 92
3.1.2 Pantalla Control de Instrumentos 92
3.1.2.1 Manifoldsy Detectores de Gas 92
3.1.2.2 Detectores 94
3.1.2.3 Hidrantes 95
3.1.2.4 Sistema de Bombeo 95
3.1.2.5 Tanque de Agua 95
3.1.2.6 Panel de Operación de Detectores 96
3.1.2.7 Panel de Control de Hidrantes válvulas 97
3.1.2.8 Panel de Acceso a Pantallas 97
3.]. 3 Pantalla Sistema, de Bombeo 98
3.1.3.1 Bombas 98
3.1.3.2 Panel de Alarmas y Status 99
3.1.3.3 Panel de Control de Bomba. Principal 101
3. J.3.4 Panel de Acceso a Pantallas 101
3.1.4 Pantalla Shut Dowri 102
3.1.4.1 Opción Salir 102
3.1.4.2 Opción Switch On - Off 102
3.1.4.3 Opción Login 104
Capitulo 4
Conclusiones y Recomendaciones
4.1 Conclusiones 206
4.2 Recomendaciones 108
Referencias Bibliográficas
Anexos
Anexo A Programa
Anexo B Normas
Anexo C Información Técnica.
Anexo D Planos
RESUMEN
Todo esto hace que en la actualidad cobre cada vez mayor importancia el
monitoreo y control de ios riesgos de manera dinámica en las instalaciones
industríales peligrosas. El objetivo del presente proyecto de titulación es presentar
una propuesta de cómo lograr la automatización de un sistema contra incendios
siendo esta una manera eficaz de detectarlo y extinguirlo, esto se puede realizar
mediante un software consejero que contiene la información del estudio de riesgo
base. Con ello resulta posible no solo conocer en cada momento el nivel de riesgo
y qué factores lo están determinando en las condiciones operativas dadas, sino
que además se hace posible realizar predicciones y buscar las mejores
alternativas para operaciones o trabajos que se programen.
Para cumplir con este objetivo se realizará un análisis de las zonas explosivas de
la planta, se desarrollará el diseño de instrumentación, extinción, así como los
planos de montaje para finalmente desarrollar el sistema de control del proyecto
en programación ladder.
PRESENTACIÓN
FUNDAMENTOS BÁSICOS
1.1 EXTINCIÓN
ENERGIADE
COMBUSTIBLE / -ftCTWACIÓttO
OXIGENO O
COMBURENTE
REACCIÓN EN
CADENA
OXIGENO
CALOR COMBUSTIBLE
• Sistemas de agua.
• Sistemas de espuma física.
• Sistemas de dióxido de carbono.
• Sistemas de polvo químico (normal o polivalente).
• Sistemas de halón y alternativas al halón.
• Manual.
• Automático.
• Doble accionamiento.
Parcial.
Por inundación total.
Los sistemas de agua son los más difundidos, por ser el agua el agente extintor
más económico.
El C02 resulta seguro, sencillo y barato de utilizar en muchos de los riesgos que
se protegen contra el fuego por inundación total, pero resulta ser tóxico lo que lo
limita a áreas no ocupadas. Es apto para incendios pequeños y sin viento, elimina
el fuego por desplazamiento del oxígeno.
El gas inerte utiliza como agente extintor el Argón, gas inerte presente en la
atmósfera de la cual se obtiene, sin prejuicio, portante, para la capa de ozono. El
Argón es un gas inerte, incoloro e inodoro que extingue el fuego mediante la
reducción de la concentración del oxígeno del área protegida, llegando a un nivel
en el cual el fuego no tiene suficiente O2 para producir la combustión, pero en
cambio, suficiente para las personas. Este hecho permite utilizar eí Argón en
zonas ocupadas.
Se aplica generalmente para la protección de archivos, museos, bibliotecas y
cualquier otro riesgo que contenga bienes únicos o de alto valor.
El hombre a través de sus sentidos, puede detectar el fuego con gran rapidez.
Son detectores ópticos, es decir que se basan en la visión del fuego y se activan
ante la presencia de este.
Mientras que los ultravioletas son adecuados para espacios abiertos y materiales
inflamables. Buscan patrones específicos de parpadeo, similar a la de una llama,
para confirmar fuego. Su principal desventaja es su susceptibilidad a falsas
alarmas proveniente de la radiación de cuerpos calientes.
• Explotación de petróleo
• Tubería de transporte
• Tanques de almacenamiento
• Refinerías
• Casa-máquinas
• Recintos de turbinas
• Plantas petroquímicas
• Hangares de aviones
• Plataformas marítimas
enemigo mortal principalmente en épocas invernales. Según los expertos, los más
afectados son los niños, las mujeres embarazadas y las personas mayores. Por
otra parte, en el proceso de elaboración del gas natural y del gas envasado, se
incorporan pequeñas cantidades de distintos aditivos que le quitan el carácter de
inodoro que naturalmente poseen, para facilitar su identificación.
V?.
Dichos sensores están construidos con materiales que con facilidad reaccionan
químicamente con los gases a detectar, en las condiciones de calentamiento
prefijadas. Cuando ello ocurre, se desencadena un proceso de recomposición
química del elemento sensor y en consecuencia se produce una alteración de sus
características eléctricas. Esta alteración es detectada por un circuito electrónico
asociado que acciona la alarma acústica y/o lumínica del equipo, para alertar
sobre la presencia de peligrosos niveles de concentración de éstos gases en el
ambiente en que este instalado.
Hay detectores de fugas de gas que funcionan en forma autónoma, pues poseen
su propia sirena y batería, formando una central completa que brinda protección
aún cuando se interrumpe el suministro de energía, siempre que la batería esté
cargada y correctamente instalada.
Como el gas natural de red (metano) es más liviano que el aire, el sensor
correspondiente debe instalarse en la parte más alta del ambiente a proteger.
Habitualmente se aconseja colocarla a unos 15 a 30 cm del cielo raso. Por el
contrario, como el gas licuado envasado (propano / butano) es más pesado que el
aire, el sensor correspondiente debe instalarse en la parte más baja del recinto a
proteger, Habiíualmente se recomienda colocarla a unos 15 a 30 cm del piso. En
12
Finalmente se puede decir que como muchos detectores tienen una vida útil
determinada, es importante que en lugares visibles se instalen etiquetas con la
fecha recomendada de reposición del aparato.
En general, los detectores iónicos tienen una rápida respuesta a Incendios con
llamas de alta energía; mientras que los fotoeléctricos responden rápidamente al
humo generado por fuegos lentos o de baja energía. Note que los fuegos de alta
energía producen partículas de combustión más pequeñas que las de fuegos
lentos.
Figura 1.5 Detector de Humo
El detector de humo Iónico tiene una cámara con una pequeña cantidad de
material radioactivo (el cual ioniza el aire dentro de ella), y dos láminas o
electrodos cargados (eléctricamente opuestos). Entre ambas láminas circula
normalmente una corriente prefijada ya que las partículas de aire ionizadas se
comportan como conductoras efectivas de esa corriente. Cuando las partículas de
la combustión penetran en la cámara se mezclan con las moléculas ionizadas del
aire y la conductancia eléctrica disminuye, haciendo que la corriente se reduzca,
si llega a un valor prefijado, se genera la señal de alarma.
Existen dos métodos usados por los sensores fotoeléctricos para medir la luz: (1)
Por Dispersión ó (2) Por Oscurecimiento.
El Principio de Dispersión es el más usado en los detectores de humo puntuales,
mientras que el principio de Oscurecimiento es usado por detectores de humo
ópticos del tipo lineal,
De tipo puntual, los detectores de temperatura fija se diseñan para dar la alarma
cuando la temperatura del elemento operacional alcanza un valor específico.
Estos detectores cumplen una amplía gama de temperaturas de operación o
activación las cuales van desde 135°F (57.2°C) en adelante. Los detectores de
calor con ajuste de temperatura elevada son necesarios en ambientes con
temperaturas normalmente altas, o cuando se requieran que estén muy
localizados, de manera que solo funcionen aquellos que se encuentran en el área
inmediata al incendio.
En la figura 1.7 se puede observar que el sistema de sprinklers está formado por
una serie de conducciones ramificadas y conectadas a una fuente de
abastecimiento.
Un sistema contraincendios debe cumplir con algunas normas las cuales ayudan
a la selección de los elementos adecuados que van a trabajar en el.
Generalmente estas normas dan especificaciones dependiendo de la planta a ia
cual se va a proteger por lo cual se ha considerado importante detallar de una
manera breve algunas de ellas para tener una mejor comprensión.
Así, por ejemplo, una terminal con IP-64 está totalmente protegida contra la
entrada de polvo y contra rocíos directos de agua de todas las direcciones.
Tipo 6 Sumergible
Tipo 7 (A, B, C o D)* Locales peligrosos, Clase I - Equipo cuyas interrupciones ocurren en el aire.
Una vez que se ha dado una introducción básica referente al tema a tratarse en el
presente proyecto de titulación, en el siguiente capítulo se desarrollara el diseño
del sistema contra incendios utilizando el principio de extinción por medio de agua
el cual ha sido seleccionado teniendo en cuenta los costos y que el equipo
ubicado en la planta se encuentra a la intemperie.
23
CAPITULO 2
2.1.1 GENERALIDADES
Cada una de esas etapas encierra una serie de procesos o una técnica que ha ¡do
evolucionando con el crecimiento y perfeccionamiento de esta industria.
2.1.2.1 Obtención
carbónico al igual que el nitrógeno que también pueda presentarse en los gases
hacen que se reduzca el poder calorífico (ya que se trata de gases inertes) y
disminuya el rendimiento en los procesos de extracción de gasolina.
Para hacer posible la conducción del gas a través de las cañerías es necesario
comunicarle la presión necesaria para vencer las resistencias de frotamiento, lo
cual se efectúa mediante equipos de bombeo.
artefacto requiera una presión mayor que la de distribución. Por último puede
requerirse comprimir el gas en otros casos especiales tales como en plantas de
tratamiento, plantas de reinyección de gas natural, almacenaje subterráneo,
procesos de refrigeración, etc.
2.1.2.4 El transporte
2.1.2.5 El almacenaje
Esta es otra etapa que al igual que las demás da lugar a distintas vanantes según
se efectúe con gas a baja o alta presión, almacenaje en tuberías, almacenaje
subterráneo, almacenaje de gas licuado, etc.
Debido a que la función de la Estación Secoya es captar gas, es una planta con
alto riesgo de producir fugas de gas así como la iniciación de flama y más aún su
propagación la cual podría ser fatal. Tomando en cuenta esta característica la
planta tiene una clasificación explosiva única la cual es CLASE 1, DIVISIÓN 1, de
acuerdo con el artículo 500.5 de la NFPA 70, así como se la puede ubicar en el
grupo B o D acorde con la sección 500.6 de la NFPA 70
ZONA1
En la zona 1 se encuentra:
• Compresores de gas,
• Separador de entrada.
» Unidad de membranas.
» Unidad de preíratamiento.
• Hornos de C02.
• Caseta de almacenamiento de líquidos.
» Departamento de operadores.
ZONA 2
En la zona 2 se encuentra:
9 Área de procesos,
• Condensadores de propano.
• Skid Refrigerante.
• Compresores Refrigerantes.
• Generadores.
• Talleres de mantenimiento.
ZONA 3
En la zona tres se encuentran:
• Cuarto de control.
• Oficina de operadores.
• Tanques de diesel.
• Caseta de generadores.
Los detectores se instalarán en postes tubulares, a una altura de 26.24 píes (8m)
desde el piso. Estos detectores tienen un cono de visión de 120°, cumpliendo de
esa manera con la sección A-2.4.3.2.3 de la NFPA 72, y poseen una sensibilidad
de 20 pies a 1 pie cúbico, es decir, podrá detectar la radiación de una flama de un
pie cúbico a 20 píes de distancia, la sensibilidad del sensor es directamente
proporcional a la distancia, es decir, a una mayor distancia sensará una flama de
mayor tamaño, de acuerdo con la sección 24-31 de la NFPA 72.
30
Los detectores de flama funcionan en base a los LEDs que poseen, los mismos
que captan una señal de radiación ultravioleta y/o infrarroja que alcanza un nivel
predeterminado. Esta señal será transformada en una señal eléctrica analógica la
cual será recibida por el TSCI ubicado en el cuarto de control.
31
Rojo positivo
Negro negativo
Verde tierra
Blanco señal
Los cables rojo y negro energizan al detector desde una fuente, la misma que
deberá ser ubicada en el tablero de control; ei cable verde es la conexión a tierra;
y el cable blanco es el que lleva la señal analógica al PLC el mismo que la
transforma en señal digital la cual activará los componentes del sistema de
extinción (electro válvulas), obedeciendo la lógica de programación.
6 mA Fuente de UV de fondo
8 mA Fuente de IR de fondo.
Prueba manual del VI (adecuada) limpie todas las superficies
10 mA
ópticas.
32
La codificación del sensor estará designada por medio de las inicíales FD A-B,
siendo A el número de zona a la que pertenece y B el número del sensor.
ZONA1:
FD1-1: cobertura de compresor de gas #2 y #3.
FD1 -2: cobertura de compresor de gas #1 y #2.
FD1-3: cobertura de hornos de CO2, membrana de C02 y separador de entrada.
FD1-4: cobertura de skid de almacenamiento y bombeo de líquidos.
ZONA 2:
RANGO DE EXPLOSIÓN
100
sw
Q
2
W
O
o.
PELIGRO ALARMA
TIEMPO
Para una mayor comprensión de las unidades en las que trabajan los detectores
de gas también es necesario conocer sobre el límite Explosivo superior UEL o el
Límite Inflamable Superior UFL de un vapor o gas; la concentración más alta de la
sustancia en el aire que producirá una llamarada de fuego cuando una fuente de
ignición está presente. También debe notarse que si la concentración de vapor en
la mezcla vapor - aire es mayor que el límite explosivo superior (UEL) la
introducción de aire (por ventilación u otros medios) producirá una mezcla dentro
del rango inflamable antes de que pueda alcanzarse una concentración segura de
vapor, es decir debajo del LEL.
Dada la densidad del gas, los detectores se deberán instalar en estructura fija a
una altura de 30 cm. desde el piso de! skíd del equipo a controlarse. Con la
finalidad de cubrir todas las áreas en las diferentes zonas de la planta.
Para un correcto funcionamiento del sensor de gas, este deberá ser calibrado al
gas específico al que va a sensar su concentración que corresponde al 100% LEL
que se convierte en una señal de salida lineal de 4 a 20mA que va directamente al
TSCI, el cual en base a esta Información entrega una señal digital a los elementos
de activación del sistema de extinción.
36
Este sensor está constituido por cuatro cables de diferentes colores, cada uno
tiene su principio de funcionamiento como es: Los cables rojo y negro son fase y
neutro respectivamente, el cable verde es conexión a tierra y ei cable bianco es el
cable de señal,
ZONA1:
GD1-1: cobertura de skid de almacenamiento de líquidos.
GD1-2: cobertura de compresor de gas#1.
GD1-3: cobertura de compresor de gas #2.
GD1-4: cobertura de compresor de gas #3.
GD1-5: cobertura de skid del separador de entrada.
GD1-6: cobertura de skid nuevo horno de CO2.
GDI-7: cobertura de skid horno de CO2.
ZONA2:
ZONA3:
GD3-1: cobertura de cuarto de operadores.
GD3-2: cobertura de cuarto de control
Cada detector posee dos LEQs indicadores para proporcionar indicación de 360°
en alarma visible local, es decir mayor captación de humo. Para prueba, estos
detectores tienen un switch interno activado magnéticamente.
Los detectores se instalarán en estructura fija, a ras del techo del cuarto de
control, para este detector se utilizará cable DTP debido a la cercanía del tablero
de control y como medio de transporte se utilizara las bandejas de la planta
Se instalará únicamente dos sensores los cuales irán ubicados en los únicos
lugares cerrados que posee la planta.
23 SISTEMA DE EXTINCIÓN
• Requerimientos de agua
• Tanque de almacenamiento
• Sistema de bombeo de agua
• Línea de agua
• Hidrantes
40
• Manifolds
• Válvulas fisher
• Sprinklers
• Unidad de mantenimiento
Las fuentes de suministro de agua pueden ser el agua del río o natural. La cual
debe ser suficiente para proporcionar tanto a los hidrantes como a los sprinklers.
Las bombas irán ubicadas en una caseta que deberá ser construida de acuerdo a
las medidas de los skids de las bombas. Detalles de medidas generales de la
caseta con sus respectivas bombas se muestran en la Figura 2.7.
SUCCIÓN
Ei sistema de bombeo de agua contra incendios deberá estar compuesto por ias
siguientes clases de bombas, una principal y una secundaria de acuerdo a io
establecido en las secciones 517.35 y 1-5.2.3 de la NFPA 70 y 72
respectivamente y una jockey para el presurización:
BOMBA JOCKEY
Bomba jockey de turbina AURORA
Modelo JP 358-20
Caudal 20GPM
Presión mínima 155 PSI (358p¡es)
Motor eléctrico 5HP/3500RPM
Controlador eléctrico
NOTA: El conjunto motor, bomba y controiador vienen con todos los accesorios.
El suministro de agua contra incendios fluirá a través de una línea tubería de 4"
hasta los sistemas de hidrantes y sprinklers.
HIDRANTE
T* , Tt
VAL: FISHER
SOLENOIDE
rí*
O-
•-e
-r
2.3.1.6 Hidrantes
Las señales eléctricas de control provenientes del PLC llegarán a los hidraníes
parte por bandeja y parte por zanja como señales digitales.
El cable desde el tablero TSCI hasta cada hidrante es cable armado de incendios
tipo FPL 4x#16 AWG, para clasificación de área peligrosa.
2.3.1.7 ManifoMs
MANIFOLD
r——- VALS. FtSHER
S-
f—>3— SOLENOIDE
Las señales eléctricas provenientes del PLC llegarán a los soíenoides de las
válvulas fisher que se encuentran en cada una de las tuberías pertenecientes al
manifold # 1 y manifold # 2 respectivamente.
Las válvulas fisher de 4" ANSÍ 150, control type 8510 se componen de un
actuador neumático tipo diafragma de simple efecto, que es accionado a través de
una válvula solenoide de control ASCO 3/2 (3 vías 2 posiciones).
Las señales eléctricas de control provenientes del PLC llegarán a las respectivas
electroválvuías en los manifold pasando primero por las cajas de revisión JB-M1
para el manifold 1 y JB-M2 para el manifold 2.
El cable desde le tablero TSCi hasta JB será de tipo armado multipar para
clasificación de área peligrosa. El recorrido del cable desde el TSCI a cada
manifold será tramo por bandeja y tramo enterrado, hasta llegar a Jas cajas JB-M1
y JB-M2. El cable ingresa a las cajas por la parte inferior utilizando un conector
tipo sello y contratuerca.
Por las boquillas de los sprinklers sale agua a alta velocidad. El tipo de boquillas
utilizadas para el diseño de la instalación del sistema contra incendios tendrá
presión de operación mínima de 185psi (12.8bar) y una presión de servicio
máxima de 250psi (17,2bar). Ellos son el tipo de aplicación de compartimiento
total (es decir, inundando total), boquillas abiertas pre-diseñadas para el uso en
los sistemas agua llovizna diluvio, las características descritas cumplen con lo
establecido en las secciones 4-7.3.4 y 5-4.4 de la NFPA 13.
• De ángulo estrecho
• De ángulo medio
• De ángulo ancho
• De tiro largo
• De tiro llano
Manifold 1:
• Zona 1: Área de Procesos
• Zona 2: Skid Refrigerante
• Zona 3: Compresor Refrigerante A
• Zona 4: Compresor Refrigerante B
Manifold 2:
» Zona 1: Generador # 1
• Zona 2: Generador #2
• Zona 3: Compresor de Gas # 3
• Zona 4: Compresor de Gas # 2
• Zona 5: Compresor de Gas # 1
» Zona 6; Caseta de Almacenamiento de Líquidos
50
Las líneas de tuberías donde van a ir ubicadas las boquillas sprínklers deben
tener el mismo diámetro de estas boquillas para poder evitar otros acoples que se
puede necesitar por tener diferente diámetro.
Para realizar la instalación mecánica de los sprinklers se debe tener en cuenta las
distancias establecidas en la NFPA 13 artículos para distancias mínimas 5-6.3.3,
5-6.3.4 y la tabla 5-6.2.2 para las máximas.
El PLC estará constituido por diferentes módulos los cuales han sido
seleccionados de acuerdo al tipo de entrada o salida que se necesitara para el
desarrollo del sistema contraincendios. Estos módulos se detallan a continuación:
52
0 \C 405 W-1SÜCPU
\ \l\O\) \ \
\S
6 i 6 •
FU
O t O 4 0
TV
» 0 1
\i\*
FU -nú.
Figura 2.13 Módulos constituyentes del PLC Diret Logic 405 - Koyo
DETECCIÓN
FD1-1 Compresor de Gas #2 y 3 Ain AO V2000 V2100 C100 2
Skid Almacenamiento de
GD1-1 Líquidos Ain A4 V2004 V2104 C104 2
GD1-2 Compresor de Gas # 1 Ain A5 V2005 V2105 C105 2
GD1-3 Compresor de Gas # 2 Ain A6 V2006 V2106 C106 2
GD1-4 Compresor de Gas# 3 Ain A7 V2007 V2107 C107 2
GD1-5 Skid Separador de Entrada Ain AO V2010 V2110 C110 3
GD1-6 Skid nuevo horno de CO2 Ain A1 V2011 V2111 C111 3
GD1-7 Skid horno de CO2 Ain A2 V2012 V2112 C112 3
EXTINCIÓN
Skid Compresor Refrigerante
EV1-1 B Dout YO C200 C240 YO 5
Skid Compresor Refrigerante
EV1-2 A Dout Y1 C201 C241 Y1 5
EV1-3 Skid Refrigerante Dout Y2 C202 C242 Y2 5
EV1-4 Skid Área de Procesos Dout Y3 C203 C243 Y3 5
EV2-1 Skid Generador 2 Douí Y4 C204 C244 Y4 5
EV2-2 Skid Generador 1 Dout Y5 C205 C245 Y5 5
EV2-3 Compresor de Gas #3 Dout Y6 C206 C246 Y6 5
EV2-4 Compresor de Gas #2 Dout Y7 C207 C247 Y7 5
EV2-5 Compresor de Gas #1 Dout Y10 C210 C250 Y10 5
Caseta de Almacenamiento de
EV2-6 Líquidos Dout Y11 C211 C251 Y11 5
En esta sección se explica de que manera, el recorrido y con que tipo de cable se
realiza las conexiones. Se muestra además los diagramas de conexión de las
56
diferentes entradas y salidas del PLC con las regletas del tablero de incendios
(TSCI).
2.5.1 CABLEADO
Los cables que estarán conectados al TSCI serán transportados desde los
sensores ya sea por medio de las bandejas existentes en la planta o por medio de
zanja. Todos los isométricos de recorrido de cableado se muestran en los planos
adjuntos en ANEXOS.
Para el efecto se utiliza cable armado de incendios tipo FPL (FIRE power limited)
4x#16 AWG para clasificación de área peligrosa, acorde con lo establecido en la
NFPA 70 (760.55). que parte desde los sensores exteriores de flama y gas, hasta
el tablero de incendios TSCI, con cables individuales por sensor. El cable es
marca ALFLEX tipo REDALERT color rojo.
Todo el grupo de cables ingresan por la parte superior del tablero. En la Figura
2.14 se muestra el tablero de incendios (TSCI).
58
: « _ , ; _ « _ _ r . J - _ « , , 7 - ü (¡j
' 8 8 8 Ü ííf § 5 é 8 e ? £ 8 8 8 S l S
O O O O O O O ^ L O O O O O O O O O O-i-Jt
í f O O O O O O T O O O O O O O O ¿ O^ -
¿ " S 7 Á 7 5 - ; 2^1 7 7 7 ? " í 7 ¡ 7
§ = 8 8 ^ ;;' g a s é e s e a^! I
•HS) -0)
DIN rail
DIN rail
60
R1
DIN rail
DIN rail
61
DIN roil
DIN rail
62
DIN rail
DIN rail
63
DIN rail
DIN rail
64
R1
DIN rail
DIN rail
65
DIN rail
DIN rail
66
DIN rail
DIN rail
67
R1
DIN rail
DIN rail
68
DIN rail
DIN rail
69
DIN rail
DIN rail
70
DIN roí!
DIN rail
71
DIN rail
R1
DIN rail
72
DIN rail
R1
DIN rail
73
DIN rail
PLCM1
R1
DIN rail
74
X3_
PLCM1
R1
DIN rail
X4_
PLCM1
R1
DIN rail
75
R2 X5__
[TO] PLCM1
tBP
K
surge R1
protecüon
SD32T3 ;
DIN roil
_ A? .
PLCM1
R1
DIN rail
76
R2
[72| PLCM1
tBD
11
surge
protection
SD32T3
DIN rail
TABLERO DE
CONTROL
BOMBA DIESEL
PLCMi
DIN rail
77
; = M Kh : •
!.—- ^
• • - ; . - Y n- r I .
PLC; ] | i ;l
^ IXI
ASCO EV8327
1/4" 110VAC
?
RM1
Juctlon Box
F 1-•J Monlfoid $\1
R2 R2 R2
rr 1I i"\7
v*
1 / ¡
Ir npl
|1 Z.U]
F 2
R2 R2
ríMn
EV1-2
M5
^
ASCO tV632762
1/4" 110VAC
RM1
Juction Box
Uanlfotd fl
R2 R2 R2
3h
R2 R2
|Ñ 3Í
78
EV1-3
M5
! i i ! Y2-i
PLC: ; i! I
ASCO EV832762
1/4" 110VAC
RM1
Juctíon Box
Monífold #1
R2 R2 R2
R2 R2
EV1-4
M5
ASCO EVB32762
1/4- 110VAC
RM1
Juction Box
Monifotd fl
R2 R2 R2
R2 R2
[Ñ 3Í
79
EV2-1
PLC; M hJ
ASCO EV832762
AS
1/4" 110VAC
1 7
RM2
Juclíon Box
F íg Monifold #2
R2 R2 R2
I— -i -i\- "Z /) ]
F 1 1 1 '1 1 -J"^"l
F 2
R2 R2
EV2-2
M5
PLC¡ MIS 1
ASCO EV832762
1/4" 110VAC
RM2
Juction Box
Manífold #2
R2 R2 R2
l2h
R2 R2
80
EV2-3
: : : bh l_—-"""I
: '• ; ; Y Ph r I i
PLC - : IL';
r^tx]
ASCO EV832762
1/4" 110VAC
c
í RM2
Judión Box
F t Monifold #2
^
R2 R2 R2
rr 1I -i
^ -\rI J|~ zo ! I' JO\
F 2
R2
M
|N "í
J.
ÍM
|N ^o!
J>j|
r:wn
EV2-4
M5
Y7n
PLC:
ASCO EVB32762
l/4" "OVAC
RM2
Juctlon Box
Uonffold |2
R2 R2 R2
R2 R2
81
EV2-5
M5
PLC:
ASCO EVQ32762
1/4" 110VAC
RM2
Judión Box
Ugoifold |2
R2 R2 R2
R2 R2
|Ñ 3}
EV2-6
M5
ASCO EV832762
1/4" 110VAC
RM2
Juctteo Box
MonifcHd |2
R2 R2 R2
16h F~44l-
R2 R2
|Ñ 5}
82
SV1-1
ASCO EF8316G54MO
1/4" 24VDC
DIN rail
ASCO EF8316G54MO
1/4" 24VDC
DIN raíl
83
PLC
R2 R2
líel
R2 rojo IA
-K 191-
R2 negro surge
SV2-1
2 \
protection
/6 3\
ASCO EF8316G54MO
24VOC
^" f 1 ^
DIN roil
SV2-2
ASCO EF8316G54MO
1/4" 24VOC
DIN rail
84
SV2-3
ASCO EFS316G54MO
1/4" 24VDC
DIN rail
M6
Í i Y2G,
PLC!
TABLERO LOGtCO
BOMBAS
R2 R2 R2
22h
R2 R2
85
M6
PLC! I
TABLERO LÓGICO
BOMBAS
R2
MG
PLC
M6
PLC! i i i
R2 R2 R2
A TABLERO
PLC EXISTENTE
R2 R2
CAPITULO 3
En este capituio se presentará las pantallas tipo mímicos propuestas para que los
operarios del sistema puedan tener acceso al Sistema Contra Incendios. Las
pantallas propuestas son de fácil comprensión y se podrá realizar la supervisión
permanente del estado de los elementos de control usados en el sistema.
El presente manual, es una guía de usuario para la aplicación HMI que se desea
desarrollar para el control y el monítoreo del Sistema Contraincendios de la Planta
Modular Secoya.
En resumen la aplicación que debería realizarse para la interconexión entre el
PLC y e! intouch, constaría de 4 pantallas, así:
•1
Se visualiza las zonas respectivas que alojan a los detectores de gas, fiama y
humo, además las zonas de extinción con su cobertura respectiva.
GN OFF
•\N OFF ON OFF
BOMBAS
Sí
ON OFF
3.1.1.4 Paneles
Se podrá tener acceso directo a las demás pantallas del sistema con tan solo
hacer un "clic" en el correspondiente botón del panel, sin necesidad de escribir
una contraseña.
j- \_ „
Para cada zona a la parte derecha se muestra el indicador del estado del detector
de gas asociado a la zona, con su respectivo panel de operación.
92
S
V14 GD2-2/GD2-1 Área de Procesos
3.1.2.2 Detectores
ZONA1
FD1-1 / FD1-2 /FD1-3 / FD1-4 / GDI-5 / GD1-6 / GD1-7 y sus respectivas
coberturas.
ZONA 2
FD2-1 / FD2-2 / FD2-3 / FD2-4 / FD2-5 / FD2-6
ZONA 3
3.1.2.3 Hidrantes
I I I I I I I I 1 I I I
TAN QUE DE AGUA
100
90
80 Indicador numérico de nivei (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
O
Indicador gráfico de nivel
nivel
Este panel de control ubicado junto a cada detector de flama y gas está
conformado por:
Esta función habilitado — inhibido puede utilizarse para dar mantenimiento a los
detectores de flama y/o gas, razón por la cual se debe suspender su
funcionamiento.
—~ !Óff:
Ruto l — ÍMn
Off: La válvula y/o Hidrante puede ser desactivada en el momento que se desee.
Manual (Mn): La válvula y/o hidrante puede ser activada en el momento que se
desee.
BOMBAS
3.1.3.1 Bombas
BOMBA JOCKEY
! |
1 ¡
STA1ÜS
HOMtíAfí&SiLL j j Í30
íl
(C?
C
; . t < n - j . ' - j . . . - .
3
o>
^.
on
O)
Q)
O.
CD
CD
O
3
cr
O)
o
-J
100
ACCESO
NEGADO
Figura 3.17 Cuadro de Dialogo
SALIR
LOGIW
LJDGIN
SALIR !
CAPITULO 4
CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES
4.1 CONCLUSIONES.
^ El nivel de LEL del gas a detectar considerado peligroso es del 15%, pero
debido a que el sensor va a ¡r ubicado en una planta en [a cual se trata gas
se le dará un margen más amplio, para este caso se ajustará a un rango de
40% LEL
107
v' Al ser un sistema de seguridad este debe ser autónomo, es decir, entrar en
funcionamiento en cualquier instante razón por la cual se propone el uso de
un tanque de almacenamiento de agua para garantizar e! funcionamiento
inmediato del mismo.
4.2 RECOMENDACIONES
> Para que las señales eléctricas de control provenientes del PLC lleguen a
las respectivas electroválvulas en los manifold es recomendable ubicar
cajas de revisión JB-M1 para el manifold 1 y JB-M2 para el manifold 2, para
control y mantenimiento de la instalación eléctrica.
> El cable desde el tablero TSCI hasta cada hidrante debe ser cable armado
de incendios tipo FPL 4x# 16 AWG, para clasificación de área peligrosa.
109
[I] http://www.suramericana.com.co/servicios/adm_riesgo_ext_fuego.htm
[2] http://www.disaster.info.desastres.net/Chile/manuaiincendios/capituIo4.htm
[3]http;//www.lpg.es/p_agu.htm
[5] http://www.afifire.com/productes.html
[6] http://www.afifire.com/productes.html
[9] http://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/elfuego/elfuego.shtmi
[10]http://net-safety.com
[II] http://www.domotica.net/Tipos_de_Sensores'3.htm
[14] hüp://auxifoc.com/extincion,htm
[15] http://www.tec-mex.com.mx/promos/bit/bit0902jp.htm
[16] http://www.tec-mex.com.mx/promos/bit/bit0902Jp.htm
[17] http://www.comtroi.cl/normaincendio.htm
[18] http://megapiping2000.4mg.com/capitulo2.htm
CONFIGURACIÓN ANALÓGICA
slotl
On
spl K8
-< FOR )
On
spl
-( NEXT )
On
K8
-< FOR )
On
-( NEXT )
K8
-( FOR )
.Pn
-( NEXT
LÓGICA DETECTORES
SFD1.1 FD1.1
V2100 C100
10 -( OUT )
SFD1.3 FD1.3
V2102 C102
12 -{ OUT )
SFD1.4 FD1.4
V2103 C103
13 -( OUT )
SGD1.1 GD1.1
V21Q4 C104
14 -( OUT )
SGD1.2 GD1.2
V2105 C105
15 -( OUT )
SGD1.3 GD1.3
V2106 C106
16 -( OUT )
SGD1.4 GD1.4
V2107 C107
17 -( OUT
SGD1.5 GD1.5
V2110 C110
18 -( OUT )
SGD1.6 GD1.6
V2111 C111
19 -( OUT )
SGD1.7 GD1.7
V2112 C112
20 -( OUT )
SFD2.1 FD2.1
V2113 C113
21 -( OUT )
SFD2.2 FD2.2
V2T14 C114
22 -( OUT )
SFD2.3 FD2.3
C115
23 -( OUT
AFD2.4 SFD2.4 FD2.4
V2016 V2116 CU 6
24 1 > I _ -( OUT )
mEVI.I EV1.1
IC200 YO
36 I Í -Í OUT )
oEVl.1 HGD2.5 GD2.5
1
I 0 214 0| iC165__C125J
I | I | |
IHFD2.2 FD2.2
C1.54 C11.4
mEV1.2 EV1.2
C2011 Y1
37 -( OUT )
OEV1.2 HGD2.4 GD2.4
C241 C164 0124 I
HFD2.2 FD2.2
C154 C114
EVi.3
mEVl.3 EV1.3
C202 Y2
38 -Í OUT )
oEVI.3 HGD2.3 GD2.3
C242 C163 C123
HFD2.1 FD2.1
C153 C113
EV1.4
mEV1.4 EV1.4
C2 3 Y3
39 -< OUT )
oEV1.4 HGD2.1 GD2.1
I C24J C161. C121
HGD2.2 GD2.2
C162 C122
HFD2.1 FD2.1
C153 C113
HFD2.3 GD2.3
C155 C115
CONTROL MANIFOLD
mEV2.1 EV2.1
C204 Y4
40 -( OUT )
aEV2.1 HGD2.6 GD2.6
C244 C166 C126 I
HFD2.5 FD2.5
C157 C11.7
EV2.2
Y5
41 OUT )
mEV2.3 EV2.3
C206 Y6
42 . 1
oEV2.3 HGD1.4- GDI. 4
C246 C147 CÍO?
HFDt.l FDl.l
C140 C100
EV2.4
Y7
43 -( OUT )
mEV2.5 EV2.5
C210 V10
-( OUT )
OEV2.5 HGD1.2 GDI.2
C250 CUS C105
mEV2.6 EV2.6
C211 Y11
-( OUT )
oEV2.6 HGD1.1 GD1.1
C251 C144 C104
HFD1.4 FD1.4
C143 C103
CONTROL HIDRANTES
HY1.1
mHYI.1 HY1.1
C212 Y30
-< OUT )
oHYI.1 HGD1.4 GDI.4
C252 C147 C107
HFD1.1 FD1.1
C140 C100
mHY1.2 HY1.2
C213 Y31
47h -C OUT )
OHY1.2 HGD1.1 GD1.1
C253 C144 C104
HFD1.4 FD1.4
C143 C103
mHY2.1 HY2.1
C214 Y32
48}- -( OUT )
OHY2.1 HGD2.1 GD2.1
C254 C161 C121
HGD2.2 GD2.2
C162 C122
HFD2.1 FD2.1
C153 C113
HFD2.3 FD2.3
C155 C115
HGD2.3 GD2.3
C163 C123
HFD2.1 FD2.1
C153 C113
mHY2.2 HY2.2
C215 Y33
49 h -( OUT )
aHY2.2 HGD2.4 GD2.4
C255 C164 C124
HGD2.5 GD2.5
C165 C125
HFD2.2 FD2.2
C154 C114
HGD2.6 GD2.6
C166 C126
HFD2.5 FD2.5
C157 C117
HGD2.7 GD2.7
C167 C127
HY2.3
mHY2.3 HY2.3
C216 Y34
50 OUT )
aHY2.3 HGD1.4 GD1.4
C256 C147 C107
HFD1.1 FD1.1
C140 C100
—f I
HGD1.3 GDI. 3
C146 C106
—I 1
HFD1.2 FD1.2
C141 C101
—4 I
HGD1.2 GDI -2
C145 C105
—1 1 -t |—,
HGD1.1 GD1.1
C144 C104
—t I
HFD1.4 FD1.4
C143 C103
I—| |
CONTROL BOMBA PRINCIPAL
alarmo deleccción permanete
HFD1.2 FD1.2
C141 C101
HFD1.3 FD1.3
C142 C102
HFD1.4 FD1.4
C143 C103
HGD1.1 GD1.1
C144 C104
HGD1.2 GD1.2
CUS C105
HGD1.3 GD1.3
C146 C106
HGD1.4 GD1.4
C147 C107
HGD1.5 GD1.5
C150 C110
HGD1.6 GDI. 6
C151 C111
HGD1.7 GD1.7
C152 C112
-H 1 1 I—
HFD2.1 FD2.1
C153 C113
HFD2.2 FD2.2
C154 C1 14
HFD2.3 FD2.3
C155 C115
HFD2.4 FD2.4
q 56 C1 16
HFD2.5 FD2.5
C1 57 C1 1 7
HFD2.6 FD2.6
C160 C120
HGD2.1 GD2.1
C161^ C121
HGD2.2 GD2.2
C162 C122
HGD2.3 GD2.3
C163 C123
HGD2.4 GD2.4
C164 C124
HGD2.5 GD2.5
C165 C125
HGD2.6 GD2.6
C1 66 C1 26
HGD2.6 GD2.7
C167 C127
HGD3.1 GD3.1
C170 C130
HGD3.2 GD3.2
C171t C131
alarma punsante (PERDIÓA DE SEÑAL)
HFD1.1 AFD1.1 psDET
C140 V2000 K100 , C304
52 <, wj i )
HFD1.2 AFD1.2
C141 V2001 K100
HFD1.3 AFD1.3
C14-2 V2002 K100
HFD1.4 AFD1.4
C143 V2003 K100
HGD1.1 AGD1.1
C144 V2004 K100
HGD1.2 AGD1.2
C145 V2005 K100
HGD1.3 AGD1.3
C146 V2006 K100
HGD1.4 AGD1.4
C147 V2007 K100
HGD1.5 AGD1.5
C150 V201p K100
HGD1.6 AGD1.6
C151 V2011 K100
HGD1.7 AGD1.7
C152 V2012 K100
HFD2.1 AFD2.1
C153 V2013 K100
HFD2.2 DFD2.2
C154 V2014 K100
HFD2.3 AFD2.3
C155 V2015 K100
HFD2.4 AFD2.4
C156 V2016 K100
HFD2.5 AFD2.5
C157 V2017 K100
HFD2.6 AFD2.6
C160 V2020 K100
HGD2.1 AGD2.1
C161 V2021 K100
HGD2.2 AGD2.2
C162 V2022 K100
HGD2.3 AGD2.3
C163 V2023 K100
HGD2.4 AGD2.4
C164 V2024 K100
HGD2.5 AGD2.5
C165 V2025 K100
HGD2.6 AGD2.6
C166 V2026 K100
HGD2.6 AGD2.7
C167 V2027 K100
HGD3.1 AGD3.1
C170 V2030 K100
1 <
HGD3.2 AGD3.2
C171 V2031 K100
1 I 1 < I
T1
TMR
TO
K30
TO
54 .TMR
T1
K60
bomba principal
SIRENA
ISIR S|R
C.3.0.2 Y21
56 -(
ADET ADET
C300 C300
—i I t—
psDET ADET
C304 C300 TO
rALR SIR
C301 Y21
57 -(
psDET ADET hSIR
C304 C300 TO C303
58 -( END )
59 -( NOP )
ANEXO B
NORMAS
NFPA13
Installation of Sprinklers Systems
13-14 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Table 1-7 SI Units and Conversión Factors 2-1.3.2* Extra Hazard (Group 2). Extra hazard (Group
occupancies shail include occupancies with modérate to s
stantialamounts offlarnmable or combusuble líquids or oc
Ñame of Unít Unit Symbol Conversión Factor
pancies where shieidíng of combusübles is extensíve.
liter L 1 gal = 3.785 L 2-1.4* Special Occupancy Hazards.
miliimeter per mm/min 1 gpm/ft2 = 40.746 mm/min 2-2 *t Commodity Ciassificatíon.
minute = 40.746 (J-/min)/m-
2-2.1 General.
cubíc decimeter dm 3 1 gal = 3.785 dm 3
2-2.1.1* aasslfícatíon of Commodítíes. Commodicy clas
pascal Pa 1 psi = 6894.757 Pa cadon and the corresponding protection requirements sh
be determined based on the makeup of individual stor
bar bar 1 psi = 0.0689 bar
units (i.e., unit load, pallet load).
bar bar 1 bar= 105 Pa 2-2.1.2 Mixed Cornrnoditíes. Protecüon requirements sh
not be based on the overall commodity rnix ín a fire ár
Foraddiúona.1 conversionsand información. seeASTM SI 10. Standard Mixed commodity storage shal! b'e protected by the requ
for Use ofthe International System ofL'nits (Sí): The iModem Metric System.
ments for the highest classifíed commodity and stor
arrangement. ^
1-7.1 íf a valué for measurement as gíven in this standard is
Exception i\'o. 1: Up to 10 patlet loads ofa higher hozará commod
followed by an equivalent valué in other units, the firststated
as d¿scribed in 2-2.3 and 2-2.4, shail be permitled to bs present in
is to be regarded as the requírement, A given equivalent valué
área notexceeding40,000f£ (37I6irr). The híghcr hazard corm
might be approxirnate.
iVy shall be randomly dispersed wilh no adjacent loads in any direc
1-7.2 The conversión procedure for the Sí units has bcen to (induding diagonally). ¡flhe ceiling prolecíion Ís based on Class
muídply the quantity by the conversión factor and then round Cltiss // commodities, ihen the allowahle number of Ballet loads
the result to the appropriate numbcr of significantdigits. Class A/ or Group A plastics shall be reduced tofive.
Excrptwn .Vb. 2: The highcr hazard material shall be permtited t
confinad to a designated arca nnd ¡troperly prolectedforthal área
Chapter 2 Classification of Occupancies and
2-2.2 PaUetTypes. VV'hen loads are palletized, the use
CommodJues wooden or metal paliets shall be assumed in che classif
tion of commodities. When plástic palléis are ust:d, the c
2-1* Classificatíon of Occupancies. Occupancy rlassífications sification of the commodity unítshall be íncreased one cl
for this standard shall relate to'sprinkicrdesign. installatíon.and (i.e., Class [II will become Class IV and Class IV will beco
water supply requirements only. Thcy shall not be íntended to Group A plastics). No increase shall- be required for Gro
be a general classificadon ofoccupancy hazards. A plástic commodity.
2-1.1* Light Hazard Occupancies. Light hazard occupancies Exception: When speájic test data Ís uvailable, the data shall take
shall be occupancies or portions of other occupancies where cedrnce Ín delermíning dassification of commodities.
the quanticy and/or combustíbility of con ten es is lowand Tires
with relatively low rates of heac reléase are expected. 2-2.3* Commodity Classes.
2-2.3.1" Class I. A Class I commodity shali be defmed a
2-1.2 Ordinary Hazard Occupancies.
noncombustible product that meets one of the follow
2-1.2.1" Ordinary Hazard (Group 1). Ordinary hazard Gritería:
(Croup 1) occupancies shai! be occupancies or portions of (1) Placed dírectiy on wooden paliets
other occupancies where combusubilicy is low, quanticy of (2) Placed in single layer corrugated cartons, with or w
combustibles ís modérate, stockpiles of combustibles do not out single-thickness cardboard dividers, with or with
exceed 8 ft (2.4 m), and fires with modérate rates of heat paliets
reléase are expected. (3) Shrink-wrapped or paper-wrapped as a unit load with
2-1.2.2* Ordínary Hazard (Group 2). Ordinary hazard without paliets
(Group 2) occupancies shall be occupancies or portions of 2-2.3.2* Class u. A Class II commodicy shall be defmed a
other occupancies where che quantity and combusdbiliiy of noncombustible product that is in slatted wooden crates, so
contents is modérate to high, stockpiles do not exceed 12 ft wood boxes, muluple-layered corrugated cartons, or equi
(3.7 m), and fires with modérate to high rates of heat reléase lent combusuble packagíng material, wich or without palie
are expected.
2-2.3.3* Class in. A Class III commodity shall be defmed a
2-1-3 Extra Hazard Occupancies. product fashioned from wood, paper, natural fibers, or Gro
G plasdcs with or withouc cartons, boxes, or crates and with
2-1-3.1* Extra Hazard (Group 1). Extra hazard (Group 1)
without pallets. Such a product shall be permitted to cont
occupancies shall be occupancies or porúons of ocher occu-
a-limited amount (5*pcrccnt-by^veighforvoli3Tnc) --of Group
-por.Gi^s-wherf: che quanaty and combustibUicy of centenes is
or Group B plasdcs.
very high nnd clust, lint, or other materiais are present, intro-
ducmg thc prohability of rapídly developing fires with high 2-2.3.4* Class rV. A Class IV commodicy shall be defmed a
rates ofheatreléase butwith Htde orno combusuble orfiam- product, with or without pallets, chat meets one of thií follo
mabíe Jiqulds. ¡n'g crítería:
1999 Edltlon
13-28 INSTAUATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
1999 Edition
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 13-33
No. 7: Fordensities ofO.20 gpm/fí2 (8.2 mm/min) (upright, pendenc, orsidewalland the obstrucdon entenaspec-
Túpanse Sprinklers with a K-factor o¡5. 6 shall be permitted. ifíed in the manufacturer's installadon instructíons).
No. 2: For modífications lo existing systems, Sprinklers with 5-4.6 EarlySuppressionFast-Response (ESFR) Sprinklers.
'{-facíors ofS.Oor less shall be permitted.
5-4.6.1 ESFR sprinlders shall be used only in wet pipe syscems.
No. 3: The. use ofquick response spray sprinkfers shaü be
uúhen listed for such use. Exception: ESFR Sprinklers shall be permitted for use in dry systems if
spedfically listed for such service.
5^¿.2 Síde-wall Spray Sprinklers. Sidewall Sprinklers shall be 5-4.6.2 ESFR Sprinklers shall be inscalled only in buildings
flstalled only in líght hazard occupancies wich smooth, fíat where roof or ceiling slope above che Sprinklers does not
;fiiling5. exceeda pitch of one in six (a rise of two unics in a run of 12
uníts, a roof slope of 16.7 percent).
No. I: Sidewall Sprinklers shall be permiLted lo be used in
ha=.ard occupancies with smooth, Jlat ceilings where spea.fi- 5-4.6.3* ESFR Sprinklers shaül be permitted for i^e only in
;aily listed for such use. buildings wich the following cypes of construction:
m No. 2: Sidewall spñnklers shall be permitted to be used to (1) Smooch ceiling, joists consisdng of steel cruss-shaped
áreas below overhead doors. members, or wood cruss-shaped members that consisc of
wood top or bottom chord members not exceeding 4 in.
5-4.3 Extended Coverage Sprinklers. Extended coverage (102 mm) Ín depth with steel tube or bar web
,prinkiers shall be limited to a cype of unobscructed construc- (2) Wood beams of 4 ih. by 4 in. (102 mm by 102 mrn) or
,- • don consiscíngof fíat, smooth ceilings with a slope not exceed- greater nominal dimensión, concrece or scee! beams
¡nga pitch o f o n e i n s i x (a ríse of two units in a run of 12 units, spaced 3'/2 to 7 l / 2 & (0-9 m to 2.3 m) on cencers and
' ~i roof slope of 16.7 percent). eichersupported on or framed into girders
\" Exception No. 1: \Vher¿ Sprinklers are speáfically listed for unob- [Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply to construction with non-
structed or non combustible obstructed construction, they shall be per- combustible or combustible roofor decks.J
mitted for such use. (3) Construcdon wich ceiling panels formed by members
Exception :\'o. 2: Extended coverage upiight and pendent spray sprin- capabíe of trapping heat to aid the operación of sprin-
kl¿rs shatl be, permitted within trusses orbarjoisís havingweb members kfers with members spaced greater than 7'/2 ft (—3 m)
not greater thnn I Ín, (25.4 mm) máximum dimensión or where Iruss- and limiced to a máximum of 300 ft- (27.9 m-J Ín área
' ís are ¿putvd «r/vz/ér thtin 7l /,ft (2.3 m) on center. 5-4.6.4 Where ESFR sprinkler systems are installed adjacenc co
Exception .\'u. J: \\'hers extended covertige spririkters are spedfically sprinklersystcms with standard response Sprinklers, a draft cur-
v listed for rt¿¿ nrn!trrsMt}f}th,Jlai ceilings that llave slopes not exceeding tnin of noni:ombustibie construction and at léase 2 ft (0.6 m) in
* , , - * ! pitch ofortd in three (a rise offour units in a run of 12 units, a roof depch shall be required to sepárate che two áreas. A clear aisle
"slope of 33.3 ptrcent) they shall be permilted. ofac least 4 ft (1.2 m) centered below the dra/c curtain shall be
maíntained for separador!.
L 5-4.4 Opta Sprinklers. Opcn sprinklers shall be permhted to
5-4.6.5 Sprinkler temperature racings for ESFR Sprinklers
£_ t oe used in dtrluge systems to protect special hazards or expo-
shuíl be ordinary.
- sures, or in othcr special Iocations. Open Sprinklers shal! be
*- ¡nstalled in accordance with all appücable requirements oF Exception; Sprinklers of intermedíate- and high-temperature ratings
chis standard for t h e i r automacic coumerpart. shall be installed in Iocations as required by Section 5-3.1.4.1.
1S99 Ediííon
13-36 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Table 5-6.2.2(d) Protection Áreas and Máximum Spacing (Standard Spray Upright/Standard Spray Pendent) for High-Piled
Storage
5-6.3 Sprinkler Spacúig (Standard Pendent and Upright Spray Exception iVo. 2; ín-rack Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed
Sprinklers). ¿» (han 6ft (1.8 m) on center.
Exception No. 3: Old-style Sprinklers prolecting fur slorage vau
5-6.3.1 Máximum Disiance Between Sprinklers. The máximum
shall be permitted to be placed less than 6 ft (1.8 m) on cejüer.
distan ce pennitted between Sprinklers shaJI comply with Tables
5-6.2.2 (a) ihrough (d). 5-6.4 Deflector Positíon (Standard Pendent and Uprig
Spray Sprinklers).
5-6.3.2 Máximum Distance from VValls.
5-6.4,1 Distance Below Ceílíngs.
5-6.3.2.1" The distan ce from sprinkler:; to walls s h a l l not
exct'ed onc-h:iU" of tne allowable distunce bctween sprin- 5-6.4.1.1 U n d e r unobstructed construction, the distan
klers as indicated in Tabies 5-G.2.2(a) through (d). The clis- between the sprinkler deficctor and the ceiling shall be
tancc from the wall tu che .sprinklcr shall be measured m í n i m u m , of I in. (25.4 mm) and a nraxirrum of 12
p e r p e n d i c u l a r to che wall. Whcrre walls are angled u r irreg- (305 mm).
u l a r , thc m á x i m u m hori/omal di.stance between a s p r i n k l c r Excisión; Qdling'íypf sprinktei's (concrak'd, recessed, and Jlu
and a n y poiiu of flúor aren protected by dv.u.sprinkler sha!! types) shall bf pmnitte.d to have then[)er(it'nigriemenl above the cdl
not cxcced u.75 times che- allowable di.stance p e r m i t t e d ana the deflfdnr located ncarer to ihe críling wher? insiaUfA in firc
between S p r i n k l e r s . provided the m á x i m u m p e r p e n d i c u l a r dance with thrir listíng.
distance is not exceeded. 5-6.4.1.2 U n d e r obstructed con-structio-i, the sprinkl
Exctíplion:* \Viihin smatt rooms as defnií'd in l-í.2, sftrinklers shnll deflector shall be located w i t h i n the horizontal planes
be ¿jenniíted (o b¿ located not more than 9 ft (2, 7 m) from cmy single 1 in. to 5 in. (25.4 mm to 152 mm) below the structu
wnil. Sfmnkltr spacing límilaiions of 5-6.5 and aren limilations of members and a máximum distance of 22 in. (559 mm
Tahle. J-6.2.2(aj shall not be exceeddd. below the ceíiing/roof deck.
5-6.3.2.2 U n d e r curved surfaces. the horízonca! distance shall Exception i^'o. I: Sprinklers shall be permitted to be installed with
be measured ut the floor leve! from the wall, or the intersec- deflector ai or above the. bottom ofihe slructural memberto a máxim
tion of the curved surface and the floor to the nearescsprin- of 22 Ín. (559 mm) below Üie ceiling/roof deck where the sprinkler
kiershalt not be greater than one-haif the allowable distance installed in conformance wiíh 5-6.5.1.2.
be^veen Sprinklers. Exception No. 2: WJiere Sprinklers are instalad in each bay of
structed construction, deflectors shall be permitted to be a mínimu
5-6.3.3 Mínimum Distance from Walls. Sprinklers shall be of I Ín, (25.4 mm) and a máximum of 12 in. (305 mm) below
located a mínimum of 4 Ín. (102 mm) from a wall. ceiling.
5-6.3.4 Mínimum Distance Becween Sprinklers. Sprinklers Exception .Vo. 3: Sprinkler deflectors shall be permitted to be I Ín,
shall be spaced not less than 6 ft (1.8 m) on centén 6 in. below composite woodjoists to a máximum distance of22
below the ceiling/roof deck only where joist channels are fire-stopp
•Exception No. 1: Sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed less than 6 ft to thefull depth ofthejoists with material equivalent to the web c
(1,8 m) on center where thefoüawing condiiíuns are satisjied: struction so that individual channel áreas do not exceed 300
(27.9 m*).
(a) Baffles shall be instaüed and located midway beiween sprin-
Exception No. 4:* DefUctors of Sprinklers under concrete lee co
klers and arranged to protect the actuating elements.
struction with stems spaced less than fl/zft (--3 m) but more th
(h) BaffláS shall be ofnoncoTnbustible or limited-comtmstibie mate- 3ft (0.9 m) on centers shall, regardless ofthe depth ofthe tee, be p
rial that will stay in place befare and during sprinhler operation. mitted to be located at or above a horizontal plañe I in. (25.4 m
•below-Lhz&íííDm-of-lhe stems-ofJ:he::tees=a-nd^h-aU.-complyjüí¡h Xah
(c) JBafftes shall be not less than S in. (203 mm) uñde and 6 in.
5-6.5 J,2.
(152 mm) hígh. The tops ofbajfles sha¡l extend between 2 in. and 3 in.
(51 mm and 76 mm) above the dejledors ofupright sprinklsrs. The bot- 5-6.4.1.3* Sprinklers under ornear the peak of a roof or ceili
toms of baffles shaU extend doumwand lo a level ai least eüen with ifi£ shall have deflectors located not more than 3 ft. (0.9 m) vertica
defactors ofpendent sprinfilers. do\vn from the pcak. [SeeFigures5-6.4.T,3(a) and5-6,4.L3(b).]
1359 Edition
13-82 INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
Table 7-2.3. l.lf Hose Stream Demand and Water SuppiyDuratíon Requiremenís for Hydraulically Calculated Systems
- Total Combined
Inside and Outside Durac
Occupancy or Commodity Classification Inside Hose (gpm) Hose (gpm) (minut
Light hazard 0,50,orlOO 100 30
Ordinary hazard 0, 50,-or 100 250 60-9
Extra hazard 0, 50, o r l O O 500 _90-1
1
Rack storage, Class í, II, and III commodities up to 12 ft (3.7 m) ín 0, 50, q r l O O 250 90
height
Rack storage, Ciass P/commodities up to 10 ft (3.1 m) in height 0, 50, o r l O O 250 90
Rack storage. Class IV commodities up to 12 ft (3.7 m) in height 0, 50, or 100 500 90
Rack storage. Class I, II, and III commodities over 12 ft (3.7 m) in 0,50, or 100 500 90
height
Rack storage, Class IV commodides over 12 ft (3.7 m) in height and 0, 50, or 100 500 120
plástic commoditíes
General storage, Class I, II, and III commodities over 12 ft (3.7 m) up 0,50, or 100 500 90
to 20 fe (6.1 m)
General storage, Class ÍV commodities over 12 ft (3.7 m) up to 20 ft 0, 50, or 100 500 120
t (6.1 m)
General storage, Class í, II, and I I I commodities over 20 ft (6.1 ni) up 0.50. o r í 00 500 120
t o 3 0 f t ( 9 . 1 m)
1
) General storage, Class fV commodities over 20 Ft (6.1 m) up to 30 ft 0. 50, or 100 500 150
(9.1 m)
General storage, group A plastics < 5 ft (1.5 m ) 0, 50, or 100 250 90
r Genera! storage, group A plastics overo ft (1.5 m) up to 20 ft (6.1 rn) 0,50, or 100 500 120
i General storage, group A plastics over 20 ft (6.1 m) up to 25 ft (7.6 0, 50, or 100 500 150
m)
vveight of steel sball be considerecl to be 490 lb/ft 3 (7849 in accordance wílh OSHA CodeofFederal Regiilatiojis, Tille 29, Parí
kg/m3); tbe unit weight oí concrete sball be consiclered to 1910.
be 1441b/rt9 (2307 kg/m 3 ).
2-6 Roo C Vent,
2-3.2 Live Load. Uncler normal conditions, the live load shall
be the weight ofall thc liquidwhen it overflows the top of the 2-6.1 Where tlie steel roof is esscntially airtight, there shall be
tank. The unit weight of water shall be considered to be 62.4 a substantial vent above the máximum water level. Aven t pipe
lb/ft3 (1000 kg/m3). Proper provisions sball be made for tem- shall have a cross-sectional área equal to a mínimum of one-
pomr)' strcsscs durmg crcction. Y/hcrc roofs nave slopcs of Icss half tbe área of the dischargepipe(s) orfillpipe, whicheveris
than 30 clegrees, they shall be clesigned to support a uniform the larger. A corrosion-resistant screen or perforated píate
weigliLof 25 lb/ft2 (122kg/m 2 ) on tbe horizontal prpjection. with Va-in. (9.5-mm) boles, to exdude birds or other animáis,
shall be provided and have aoet areaatleast equal to the vent
2-3.3 Wind Load. Undernormal conditíons, tliewindloador line. In the case of a screen, tliis requires a gross área at least
pressure shall be assumed to be 30 lb/ft2 (147 kg/ma) oa ver- one and one-half tímes thc cross-sectíonal área of the dis-
tical plañe surfaces, 18 lb/ft2 (88 kg/m2) onprqjected áreas of charge pipe(s) or lili pipe, whichever is larger. The screen or
cylindrical suiiaces; and 15 lb/ft2 (73 kg/m2) on projected perforated píate shall be protcctcd against the accumulation
áreas of conical and double-curvcd píate suiiaces. Where of sleeL The weather hood above di e perforated píate or
designingfor wind veloritíes over 100 mph (161 km/hr), all of screen, or its equivalent, shall be rcadily removable. The over-
diese specifíed unit pressures shall be adjustecl in proportion flowpipe shall notbeincludedas vent área. The vent sball be
to thc squarc of thc vclocity, assuming that thc pressures are permittcd to be combined Trnúi thc roof fínial. Equivalent
for 100 mph (161 km/hr). venting shall be permittecl to be used, prosTded the área can-
2-3.4 EarLhquakeLoacl. Earthquake design criteria shall be
not be obstmcted by sleet, ancl the ingress of birds or other
animáis shall be preven ted.
considered. Specilic desigrí criteria are contained in the
appropriate cbapterfor the particular tank, orín local codes, 2-6.2 Where dual service is specifíed and where local health
wbichever is more stringenL departments require screening vents against insects, a nonrne-
2-3.5 BaIcony } Platform, andLadder Loads. A vertical load
tallic screen or special fail-safe vent shall be provided to rnini-
of 1000 Ib (454 kg) shall be assumed to be applied to any 10
mize theriskin the event that the insectscreens frost over.
ft2 (0.93 m2) of área ou Üie balcony floor and on each plat- 2-6.3 A roof vent attached to aflanged neck shall be installecl
foi-m; 500 Ib (227 kg) applied to any 10-ft2 (0.93-m2) área on on steel tanks prior to entering tlie tank. The flan ge d neck
tlie tank roof; and 350 Ib (159 kg) on each vertical section of shall be clesigned to accommodate an adequately sized
ladder. All of the structural parts ancl connectíons shall be exhaust fan.
designecl to witlistand such loads. These specifíed loads shall
notbe rcquired tobe combinedwith snowloading. 2-7 TestReporís. Copies of mili test reports for steel plates
and certifícates of compliance for bolts and other structural
2-3.tí Columns andStruts. All steel columns and struts shall members shall be maintainecl at the pretnises of the vendor
be clesigned in accordance witli AWWA DI 00, Weldsd Steel and shall be made available for rewew by the purcbaser.
Tanksfor Water Siorage. Tbe mínimum Üiickness for any col-
umns incootactwithwatersball be0.25in. (6.4mm).Tubular 2-8 Acceptance. After cornpletion of the tank, all coated steel
sectíons shall not be llattenecl to íbrm end connections. tanks shall be tested for holidays and coatíng thickness.
Repairs or replacements shall be made as necessary.
2-3.7 Stress íncrcases. Wherc wind or carthquakc loacls are
considered in calculating stresses, the máximum permissiblc
increase in working unit stresses shall be one-third, provided Chapter 3 "V\elded-Steel Gravity Tanks and
til e resulting section isnotless tíianrequiredfor dead and live Suction Tanks
loacls alone. Wind and earthquake loads shall not be requirecL
to be considered simultaneously. 3-1 General.
2-3.8 The roof shall be designed to withstand the forces antic- 3-1.1 This chapter shall apply to the desígn, fabrication, ancl
ipated cluring the ercction, inspection, testing, ancl mainte- erectíon of welded-steel gravity water tanks, including pump
nance of tbe tank. The máximum allowable unifonn live load suctíon tanks.
(in pounds per square foot) and tbe máximum allowable con-
ccntratcd load (in pounds) shall be idcntificd on thc dcsign 3-1.2 Capacity. The capacity of the tank shall be the number
drawings and tanknameplate. (See 2-3.5.) of U.S. gallons (cubic me tere) available above the outíet open-
ing. Thc net capadty between tbe outlet opening of tlie clis-
2-4 "WehUng-, All weJding- shal! be completecl in accordance charge pipe and tbe inlet of the overflow shall be equal to at
with AWWA D100, WeldedSled Tañía for Water Storags. least the ratecl capacity. The net capacity for gravity tanks witli
2-5 Roofs. All tatiks shall havc rooís. An OSHA-approved large píate risers shall be the number of U.S. gallons (cubic
handrail shall be placed around tbe en tire circumfercnce of mcters) between tiie irilet of the oveiÜow and the designatecl
tlie roof ofall steel tanks in accordance with OSHA Coda qfFed- low-watcr level line. For suctíon tanks, tbe net capacity shall be
eral J&gulations, Title 29, Part 1926. Tanks with ellipsoidal roofs thc number of U.S. gallons (cubic meters) between tlie inlet
and pedestal tanks shall bave a guardrail around the roof man- of Ü] e overflow and the level of the vortex píate.
holes and other accessories that require access. 3-1.3 Standard Sízes. The standard net capacity si'¿es of steel
tanks are as follows:
Excepiion: A perbneier roof gitardrail is nol required on lap-joinled
bolled sied lanks lahenjliled w'üh a inanway plaifonn, roofwalkiuay, (a) 5000 gal (18.93 m3)
and gtiardraik [see 'Figure B-14(b)]. GuardraUs shall be conslrncled (b) 10,000 gal (37.85 m3)
1998EditIon
WATER TANKS FOR PRÍVATE FIRE PROTEGTION
(c) 15,000 gnl (56.78 m3) 3-2.2 BoltSjAnchorBolts, andRods. Bolts and anchor bolts
shall confonn to ASTM A 307, Standard Speáftcationfor Carbón
(el) 20,000 gal (75.70 m3)
Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 psi Tensile Strength, Grade A or
(e) 25,000 gal (94.63 m3) Grade B. ASTM A 36, Standard Specíficaiion for Carbón Slnictural
(f) 30,000 gal (113.55 m3) Steel, shall be considered an acceptable alternad ve material for
anchor bolts. K.ods shall be open-hearch, electric íurnace, or
(g) 40,000 gal (151.40 m3) basíc oxygen process steel that conforms to ASTM A 36.
(h) 50,000 gal (189.25 m3)
3-2.3* Forgings. Steel used forforgings shall be matte onlyby
(i) 60,000 gal (227.10 m3) the open-hearth process. Forgings shall confonn to the folio w-
(j) 75,000 gíd (283.88 m3) ing ASTM specifications:
(k) 100,000 gal (378.50 m3) (a) ASTM A 105, Standard Specijlcation for Carbón Sleel 2forgings
(I) 150,000 gal (567.75 m3) for Pipíng Apjílicaiioiis
(m) 200,000 gal (757.00 m3) (b) ASTM A 668 Standard Specíficaiion for Steel Forgings, Carbón
and Aüay, for General Jndiislríal Use, Class D
(n) 300,000 gal (1135.50 m3)
(c) ASTMA 181, Standard Specificallon for Carbón Steel Forgings,
(o) 500,000 gal (1892.50 m3) for Ceneral-Purpose Piping, Class 70
Tanks oí" otlier sizes shall be pennitted.
3-2.4 Castings. Castings shall conform to ASTM A 27, Slan-
3-1.4 Form. Steel tanks shall be permitLecl Lo be ol'any form dardSpeciflcationfor Steel Casíings, Carbón, for General Application,
desiredprovided they confonn to all requirements of this stan- Grade 60-30 full annealed.
dard.
3-2.5 Rcinforcing Steel. Keiníbrcing steel shall comply with
3-2 Matenals. ASTM A 615, Standard Specification forDeformed and Plain Biüei-
Steel Jíarsfor Concrete Reinforcemenl, Grade 40 or Grade 60.
3-2.1 Piafes, Shapcs, and Tubular Columns.
3-2.6 Filler Metal Electrodos. Manual, shielded metal are
3-2.1.1 Piales. Píate malcríate shall be oí* opcn-hcarth, clcc- welding electrodes süall conform to the requirements of AWS
triciürnace, orbasic oxygen process steel that conforms to the A5.1, Specíficaiion for Carbón Sleel Eleclrodss for Shielded Melal Are
folio wing ASTM specifícntions: Welding. Electrodes shall be of any E60XX orEVOXX classifíca-
tíon Üiatis suitable for the electric current characteristics, the
(a) ASTM A 36/A 36M, Standard Specijlcation for Carbón Struc- positiou of welding, and otlier conditíons of intended use.
tumi Sleel Electrodes for otlier welding processes shall be ín accordance
(b) ASTM A 283/A 283M, Standard Specification for Low-and \vith applicablc AWS specifícations for fíller metal.
Jjitermediale-Tensile Slrenglh Carbón Sleel Platas, Grades A, B,
C, nndD 3-3 jEaríIiquakeLoacl.
Whereplates of tbicknessesgreatertban 3/4 in. (IG.lmm) 3-3.1 Tanks shall meet the requireraettts for resistance to
are usecl, ASTM A 283, Standard Specijlcation for Lata- and lni&- eartliquake damage in accordance witli the earthquake clesign
mediale-TensUe Slmigih Carbón Sleel Piales, Grade D, shall not be prosisionsofA^^VADlOO, Welded Sleel Tañía for WalerStorage.
used; ASTM A 131, Standard Specíficaiion for Slmclural Steel for
S/iips, Grades A, B, and C; ASTM A 285, Standard Specijlcation 3-3.2 For seismic anchor-bolt loading:
forPressnre VesselPlales, Carbón Steel, LOIÜ- andJjiiermediate-TunsUe
Strength, Grades A, B, and C; or ASTM A 516, Standard Specifi-
cation for Pressure Vessel Piales, Carbón Steel, for Modérate- and
Lower-Temperalure Servia1, Grades 55 and 60, shall be used as El
N
alternatives.
3-2.1.2 Basis ofFurnishing Piales. PlaLes shall be fiírnished, where:
based on weight, witb permissible underrun and overrun in Ts = seismic bolt tensión (Ib)
accordancewiththe tolerancetahlcforplatesorderedtoweight Ms = seismic overturningmoment (ftlb)
in ASTM A 6, Standard Specíficaiion for General Reguiremenlsfor
RoüedStructnral Sleel Bars, Piales, Shapes, andSheetPUings. W = weight oftankshell and portíon ofroofcarriedbyshell
(Ib)
3-2.1.3 Shapes. Stmctural materials shall be open-hearth, N = number of anchor bolts
electric rurnace, or basic oxygen process steel that conforms to
ASTM A 36, Standard Specíficaiion for Carbón Slmclural Sleel, or D = tank diameter (ft)
ASTM A 131, Standard Specíficaiion for Simctural Steel for Ships,
Grades A, B, and D. 3-4 Unil Stresses.
3-2.1.4 Copper-bearing steel that contains approximately 3-4.1 General, The máximum stresses in pounds per square
0.20 percent copper shall be permitted to be used. In all inch (Mega Pascáis) that are produccd by tlie loads specifíed
other respecte, steel shall conform to the specifications of in Section 2-3 and Section 3-3, or any combination of them,
3-2.1.1, 3-2.1.2, and 3-2.1.3. shall not excecd the valúes in Table 3-4.1.
l998Ed¡l¡on
22-20 WATER TANKS FOR PRÍVATE FIRE PROTEGTJON
6-6.4 Dowels. The eclges ofeachbottomplanksball be bored staves or by other means that are approved by Ule authorily
widí lióles not over 5 ft (1.5 m) apart íbr wooden dowels not bavingjurisdictíon.
less than Va in. (12.7 mm) in diameter for planks up to 2 V«
in. (64mm) nominal, andVgin- (15.9mm) in diameter above 6-7.3 Conical Roof. See Figure B-4.
tliat thickness. 6-7.3.1 The conical roof shall be supported by 2-in. x 4-in. (51-
6-6.5 Splices. Fingerjointsplicessbal] beusedin astave orin mm x 102-imn) rafLers spacect COL over 36 in. (914 mm) apart
a bottom plank wbere permitted by tbe authority havingjuris- arouud the top of the tank.
diction. Such joints in adjacent staves or bottom planks shaU G-7.3.2 Alúiough the vafler aiitl iieader type oi'constructionis
be staggered a mínimum of 2 ft (0.61 m). considere d prefcrable, other t^cs of roof constructíon shall
6-6.6 Joiiits alEolla.ni. TJj e joints between stavcs shall notbe be acceptable, provided approval of the desiga is first
closer tban 1/o in. (12.7 mm) to a jointbetwecn thc bottom obtained. Irorn the auÜ3aritybavingj\irisclÍcü'on.
planks. 6-7.3.3 The roof sha]] becoveredwitla galx'anizcdiron, atleast
6-6.7 Extra Stavcs. One or more extra, stavcs shall be shipped BO-Tb (27-kg) aspliall; asbestos, or equivalent ñre-resistive root-
with each tauk. ing and süall be securely Cas tened in place. Prepared aspbalt
roofingsliall be laidwitú atleast 2 l/yin. (64-mm) laps, prop-
6-6.8 Markiugof Síaves. Tbe proper hoop spacing shall be erly cernen tcd, and usin^ 3 / 4 -úí. (Tn.T-imu) ^aTvniti/! ;¡ ••njfiujr
plainly marked on at Icast six staves bcforc sbipmenL naos witli atleast VE-HJ. ílS-'?-iñni) 'iL^cis .tmi mij-t-. w<tMJt:i¿
M H « ? • ? - • - . . .. -.: -,! '-* -; ;..;:,(--,. ' í ' í r c líí-.irtnrí' ín-iyyt:irri ( i l C eriíis
Rjwccd viot, twev ft in. (V6 imn.) OH c.f.ntv.vft, ov O.OfiO-ÍTi. (\í^7-
..:'.! .•:•.!= i-., •...:;-. f .':'ii l f :...},-,, .Miiui.- .LÍ'ÜM -;!^V^SÍ.3(ÍÍ>0
ni¡n) íííififcníiiw siaples l /« in. (12.7 nun) Ui lengtli íbr 65-lb
riní U:ss Hi;tn i in (V.&.4 líjtn) '« :,uirr iii JH * tti. {"/Ti uun). T}ic (30 kg) rowring and V t in. (10.1 mm) for 90-lb (41-kg) cov-
MiíH¡i»iNsii;ui itf- ni MÍÍ'ÍI (icpiii liíat riu. í'.iraiant"¡ hrTi«:nri. rhí:
euds of staves is UOLJCSS úian i in. i¿b.'í iniu) at-anyjJuiuL (t-v,-t jf.níií Anrívnntg^. AÍIparKní íhrroní nnrl rovrrshalt he
(? t' i /i
u-u.iu
r ( _ . . i.p ; ,-.
i x u u j ^ 4 t» mm;:.
r i . .. .
i ivu[JJ
-i...ti
oiirtii
i
tvi,
....
1.1*1.
. .
t.\j
.¡
¡.m-, jjtupv,!
sitnircly IVLsíirnrd tuizcrtirrr antl slialHx: ant^ioiv.tl íü \\v '•-*•*•:
¡CijtíLÍJ rtíii-í ¿iáíUi be i>Cüt tú Í.ÚC áiiOp tú íiiC í'iiúiils OL U.ÍC tritio. stíivcí to orcvciii. expíeme iviiii.ij Li'UtEi líiíyWíni; "icm IÜGIÍC.
6-G.li Hccp Tkmdr.. Thc nut ibreatk shaD Ct tighily and SJFJS
^h.üi be U.S. (j-"7Ji,.l A hatdi uut less ÜJM.U '¿Q in. x ¿'4 m. (uü8 nun x 559
0-Í»,1V "¡1in!«-i"T".ri1>tlj-(Ú7ís7, f*;nc Oi^tn»: iaVon wlirn srnincj up vcwx) $\x&\\c bvv\\ w Uic corneal vooCsiwX aliíxU be acccssible
tln- nul.Ñ un tlu- íioups r<» [iu:ví:ní ^n tíxrcs.'.ivc ¡íitliai stress in froui i he Uíík ladrler. The haldi shall be placed liigh enough
tbehoops. The thicatUuTdiciJulssiiall be fulJy cugagcd. níi fhe roniral roof Ihat nnlKinre t.n the fíat roof is iT.;Lsnnably
f-3ívvííií"n ííir rovri í'.'t ¡n" ¡V** (oof'hsíí'h r- MÍ pta ••<••.
6-6.Í3 Removaiof Rubbísh. Al I vrastc hunbci and rubhisb
shall be removed íroin Üicinsidcof Ütc- U n k a t i d A o n t thr. Oaí 6-7.ii.il Thn lour sificf: oJ ilic Jiairíi sha!! l«- oí nol less tban
rnvrr, if pmvirlsii, !-,r.l"or¡í ¡Ulin^ tn jiutvr.iif. prewibír. nbrrfnir- 1 l /o-tn. Ofi.l mm) rtrcsscrt stock anc\l be raisecl not
tion oi piping. less than 3 in. (7f> mm) above ílie roof boards. The top of
thc ItaLdi covcrsliall be madc of not less than 1-in. (25.4-
6-7 Accessoríí^, uiíü) círcsscri sntí ríistchcti tiOíticí.*. oí -/ g-i». ííí.rt-íiini) exte-
6-7.1 Roof — General. WIieretb.elank.is loca ted outdoorsát rior gj-aric pf^ood, anti shall be covcrcd witij ííit same
sliall liavr n IVit \vriiii\i: n rüvrr tívrr ihc usj) ani\ rtniir.al roi>F x\\xi.e\ña.\B 8^icc\(.Acd tbv Uve voot!. TV\ ccl^cs of Uic hatcb
above thc v;oocí.ün covor. cover shall be of not Icss thau \.l/-i-m. (33.1-mm) dressed
Roofe shall be coreitructcd as showi in l'"ijvurc B-3 and irig- stock uncí sliall lap down over Üie i"úscd sides of the batch.
T f i f - l i a l r l i rnvri s f i ^ í í Iw. ^n XK-I ¡E fu « i > f >• TK ( I v !>v í f i í i i n a
UU. U-í, ut áíiíilllíC iü ¿tCCuittrtitüC WítJi OÜJtll tU'5j«;£iS a (*}>! OVttl
by tíje authoñty having jurisdiction. Jíoof buajds sliaJt be of lljnviti 1 1 íi;i f w í í '/¿ili- (I y 7 - i í i i n ) JMJÍIÍI i u;!-. íitAi HI t:
notlr.RS than 1 m. (Siü.'l \\\vn) «o\uú\a.1 UñckxicBS ov V<r\v\ (O.b- sccurcíy boltcd tu the vooí', onc 011 cach sitie of thc covcr. A
m m ) exterior (mulé piywood rliat Ls laiil witliout spar.ing áuLúUuiltái aaitdíe átiaí! uc buttcd tu LÍJC iuvvci aídc uf thc
bctwccn. If piywood is used, thc cnd joints sliall l>c mude ovev covci.
innfin¡«rfl ; or nlvrllns<li3(( l>c nsfd (n supiiruf t h r fií«f-c. íí¡i¡¡>- Orhrr *or,¡-.s nM;;::,- ¡c, p
i ai i i ti iiiiiítJictljiíiiu-S ÑÍiiiH ln: nÑc:tí titi liti.iití-s ni {E ir. íláí i'iiivíti , íiTirov*ííj isinf>t. üvuim >ií uic sutil orí «.y lí jc ]u
unlessp^-woodisused. Thc joinL bctwccn thc lank stóvcs and dicüo
loorsh.iü be iígiíi. tN,i¿b eji .-iLt^lc.1 sh.di be hc.tviíy ^¡ilv.uii^cil
ul ahall bti OL uuuLcuuua meláis. 6.7.3.4 A íiatcii of uot icss thau ^0 iu. x 22 iu. (5üS mm x 559
jiun) *l,iaU be buiit h\: J3at r.ovcr, jf provided, and shall be
n; fhe.fiat caoerskaü noi be. re-qnired, and the comcal rwcr iocatcft düTCÜy tjcittaüi ihc ir¿ub in üic coujcai luoí. Ibc
shall le madf. self-suffiorfing, pravided Ihe. ajtyraoal oflha deJailed rf¿- hatrh covcr shall be madc of l-ir». (Síj.'í-ínm) drcssccl and
if^fi is fasl drt'iinfd /;urt ih? &í(ílütif¡ Jitf«H •tn;ii.chci\b or a /si«. (9.&jirnn') cr.tmor srnüc plywood.
and sbníi br cf SítiVicirnt sizc to preven!, it froiti falling tbrough
0-7.2 Vial Covirr. Tiic Uní. cuvct, U'pnjvidcd, síiid! icsu un p<u-
" tl;e hatcb.
centers. Thc ni^nmai «i/'* o* Üic ioíSL11 «!i?í! LT ai ('-'a«í 2 íf« 5f <•»
in. (51 ram x 152rnm) Jnrlcngdisitp tn I R f í (5.5 m); 3 in. x are an-anerrd for rnnvcoicnf pa,«3t*eí: fmni nnr lo Lhc other
o in. t"/'o ü n t i x i"'S MÍMI; Cc/í '•.'iv.j'.ít* *({.» H» X'-í f*. í5-'.'/* ifi); nri<l"« ;UM.Í UnoMiíh thc t(x?f hatch «híiH L>Í: jnovklcd. Laddcis slialí
in. x B in. í/'íí -'toi x <n.> !«•!») f*>r ií-c^uis i<p Lo 30 ft Í9.?¡ m). not íntrrfí.-fc with fhc opemoy of MÍO íiatch cover. Aií ladclers
Tin; futí sci-liíin of alljiíisis ;ü Utcii rotls *hall be soüdíy sup- i-Krrí.MUfíy^O fl. (G.l «O shídl be eijutupcd wilh a cayc, íi li^id
pcrted by resting in sí OH tñat are cut cnnrcíy íhroygh ihc
1999 Edítion
PIPE CONNECTIONS AND FOTINGS 22-35
írom the pump suctíon pipe. Where an over-tlic-top fíll Hne ís tanks shall consist of a special screw fítting witli a gasket or a
used, tlie outlet shall be directcd downward, pair of 2-in. (51-mm) pipe flangcs. The connectíon íbr steel
tanks shall consist of an extra-heavy coupling welded to the
11-5 Overflow. bottom píate. The coupling shall be welcíecl to both sides of
11-5.1 Size. The overflow pipe shall be of adequate capacity Üie tank plates. A piece of 2-in. brass pipe about 5 in. (127
for tlie operatingconditíons and shall be of notless than Sin. mm) long that is cappcd at the top witli a brass cap shall be
throughouL scrcwedinto the inner fitting orflange. Tile clean-out shall be
watertíght (See Figure B-ll.)
11-5.2 InleL Theinletof the overflowpipeshall belocatedat
11-6.4- Riser Drain.
the top capacity Une or high waterline. The inlet also shall be
locaLed at least 1 in. (25.4 mm) below the bottom of the fíat 11-6.4.1 A drain pipe of at least 2 in. that is fitted with a reli-
cover joísts in a wood tank, but shall never be doser than 2 in. ablc controlling valve anda 1/2-in. (12.7-mm) drip valve shall
f51 min) to Ule top of the tank. Unless the máximum fíll be connected into the tank discharge pipe near its base, and,
capacity ís known and thc ovcrílow capad ty is calculatcd to be where possible, on the tank side of all val ves. Wherc the oudet
at least equal to tlie lili capacity, tlie overflow pipe shall be at is an open encl outlet, it shall be fítted witli a 2 Vo-in- (63.5-
least one pipe si'¿e larger than the fíll line and shall be mm) hose connection unless itdischarges into afunnel or cis-
equípped with an inletsudí as a concentric reduccr, or equiv- tera piped to a sewer. "Where the drain is pipecl directly to a
alen t, that is at least 2 in. (51 mm) larger in díameter. The sewer, a sight glass or a 3/4-in. (19.1-mm) test valve on tlie
inlet shall be arranged so that the flow of water is not reíarded undcrsídc of Üic pipe shall be providcrt. Whcrc the drain pipe
byany obstruction. An overflow pipe thatiscutwith the open- is to be used for a hose stream, tíie controlling valve shall be a
ing to fíttlie roof shall be used on astcel tank, provided a suit- listed gate valve or angle valve,
able horizontal succión píate and vortex breaker are used to
ensure Bill capacity llow for the oveiilow. 11-6.4.2 AVhere a circulan" o n- tank heatcr is located near the
base of the tank riser, the drain pipe shall, if possible, be con-
11-5.3* StubPipe. Whcrc dripping water or a smaíl accumu- nected from tlie cold-water recurn pipe betwcen the cold-
lation of ice ís not objectíonable, the overflow shall be permit- water valve and tlie heater in order to permit flushing water
tecl to pass tbrougb the síde of Üie tank near the top at the from tli e tank through tile hot-water pipe heater and drain for
cliscrction of the owner. (See Figure B-ll and Figure B-12.) The dean-out purposes. (See Figure B-9.)
pipe shall be extended with a slight downward pitch to dis-
charge beyond the tank orbalconyandawayfrom theladders 11-7 Connections for QÜier Than íire Prolection.
and shall be adequately supported. 11-7,1* Dua]-Sei-vice Tanks. Wliere dual serví ce is necessary,
Overílows for pedestal tanks shall be extended to grouncl an adequate supply of water shall be constantly and automatí-
level within the access tube and pedestal. (Seel'ignre B-13.) cally resewed in the tank for fíre protectíon purposes.
11-5.4 Insidc Pipe, Whcrc a scub pipe ís undesirable, Üie 11-7.2 Pipe for Othcr Than Fií'eProtectionPui-poses. Pipe
overflow pipe shall extend down tlirough the tank bottom and used íbr otlier than fíre protectíon purposes shall be entírely
insicle tile frostproof casing or steel-plate riser and shall dis- sepárate from fire-service pipes and shall extend to an eleva-
charge through the casing near tlie ground or roof level. The ción inside the tankbelow wliich aia adequate quantity of water
sección of the pipe inside the tank shall be of brass, flangecl is constantly available for fíre protection. Pipe inside the tank
cast iron, or steel (see 12-2.25). Insíde overflow pipes shall be tliat is used for otlier than fíre protectíon purposes shall be
braced by substantíaJ clamps to tank and riser plates atpoinis brass.
not o ver 25 ft (7.6 m) apart, The discharge sball be visible, and Pipe insicle tlie tank shall be braced near the top and at
Üie pipe shall be pitched to drain. Where the discharge is points not over 25 ft (7.6 m) aparL Where an expansión joint
exposed, the exposedlength shall not exceed4ít {1.2 m) and exists, it shall be of the standard cype, shall be located below
shall avoid the en trance to the val ve pít or house. the tank, and shall be wíthout connectíon to the tank plates.
(See 11-3.8.)
11-6 Clean-out and Drain.
11-6.1 HandJiole. A standard handhole, with a mínimum Excepüon: Steet pipe shall be permilled lo be used where the pipe is
dimensión of 3 ín. (76 mm), or a manhole, shall be provided large)- than 3 Ín., or casi iron shall bepermitted whei-e l/mpipe Ís 6 in.
in the saucer píate outside of the frostproof casing and at the or largar.
bottom of an elcvated steel tankwitíi a suspended bottom (see 11-7.3 AlRoofsandHoors. Wherc a pipe is used íbr other
Figure 8-12), unless the tank has a large riser pipe 3 ft (0.91 m)
than fíre protectíon purposes intersects with abuilcling roof or
or more in díame ter. a waterproof or concrete floor, the intersectíon shall be water-
11-6.2 Shell Mauholcs. Two manholes shall be provided in (See 11-1.1.)
thefirst ring of tliesuctíon tankshell atlocatíons tobe desig- 11-8* Scnsoi-s.
nated by tbc purcbnscr. The dcsign of the manholes shall be
in accordance with AWWA D100, Welded Sleel Tanks for Water 11-8.1 Provisions shall be made for Üie installatíon of sensors
Slorage, for welded sLeel tanks and AWWA D103, Facloty-Coated in accordance witli NPPA 72, National Fíre Alarm CodeP, for uvo
Bolted Sleel TanksJor Waler Slorage, for bolted steel tanks. critícal water temperatures and two critical water levéis.
11-6.3 For Elcvated Flat-Bottom Tanks. Whcrc clcvatcd, at 11-8,2 JPressure Taníts. In addition to the rcquircments of
Ieasta2-in. (51-mm) pipe dean-out also shall be provided out- 11-8.1, pressure tanks shall be provided witli connections
side oí" thelrostproof casing in the bottom of a wood tank ora for Üie installation of high and low water pressure alarms in
fiat-bottom steel tank. The dean-out connection for wood accordance with NFPA 72, Naíional ffire Álarm Code.
1998Edition
22-53 WATER TANKS FOR PRÍVATE FIRE PROTECTION
Average Heat
Average Contení
Type of Hcater Effícieucy (%) Fue! (Btu) (MJ)
Steam heaters, coils, 95 Anthracitecoal (per 13,300 30.9
etc. Ib)
Electric heaters 95 Bituminous coal, high 13,200 30.7
grade (per Ib)
Boílers (niel oil) 70 Bituminous coal, 12,000 27.9
médium grade (per
Ib)
Boílers (coal) 70 Bituminous coal, low 10,300 23.9
gratlc (per Ib)
Gas water heaters 70 Fuel oil (per Ib) 19,000 44.2
Gas, natural [per ft3 1,100 41.0
1998 Editíon
22-60 WATER TANKS FOR PRÍVATE PIRE PROTECTION
X7
Mínimum
For SI units, 1 ¡n. = 25.4 mm; 1 ft = 0.3048 m. water-filiing pipe
- Water level
"Fíat washer
Figure B-2 Altérnate cormections for pressurc tanks.
ForSI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 ft = 0.3048 m.
%-in. galv.
guíde rods
Match
Fasten cover Galv. nails
ladderto and washers
rafters
A ^^^ Metal
nailing strips
I—Water level
1998 Edition
NFPA 70
National Electrical Code
70-134 ARTICLE 310 — CONDUCTORS FOR GENERAL WIRING
lers, aiid similar equipment, or to couductors specificaUy The paralleled conductors in each phase, neutral, or
provided for elsewhere iii Üiis Code. grounded circuit conductor shali
FPN: For flexible corcls and cables, see Article 400. For (1) Be Ihe same length
fixture wires, see Article 402. (2) Have the same conductor material
(3) Be tlie saine size in circular mil área
310.2 Conduclors. (4) Have the same insulalion type
(5) Be tenniuated iii ílie same manner
(A) Insulatcd. Conductora shali be iusuJaícd.
Where run in sepárale raceways or cables, Ihe raceways
Exception: Where covered or bare conducíors are specifi-
or cables shall have the same physical characleristics. Con-
cally permitted else\vhere in íhis Code.
ductors of one phase, neutral, or grounded circuit coaductor
FPN: See 250.184 for iaiulation of neutral conductors of a shall not be required to have the same physical character-
solidly grounded high-vollage system. istics as Lhose of another phase, neutral, or grouuded circuit
conductor to achieve balance.
(B) Conductor Material. Conductors iii this article shall
be of aluminum, copper-clad aiuminwn, or copper uiüess FPN: Differences in inductive reaclance and unequal divi-
otherwíse specified. sión of carrent can be minimized by choice of materials,
methods of coostrucliou, and orientation of conductors.
3103 Strandcd Conductors. Where insüdled iii raceways, Where equipmeul grouuding couductors are used wilh
conductors of size 8 AWG and larger shall be síranded. conductors in paraüel, they shall comply with tiie require-
Exception: As permitíed or requíred els&vhere in íhis ments of tliis section except thaí they shall be sized in
Code. accordauce with 250.122.
Conductors inslaUed in paraíiel shall comply with the
310.4 Conductors in Parallcl. Aluminum, copper-clad provisions of 310.15(B)(2)(a).
aJumüiuin, or copper conductors of size 1/0 AWG and
iarger, comprising eacli phase, neutral, or grounded circuit 3105 Mínimum Size of Conductors. The mínimum size
conductor, shall be permitled to be conuected Üii parallei of conductors shall be as shown in Table 310.5.
(eiectrically joined at both ends to fonn a single conductor).
Table 310.5 Mínimum Size of Conductors
Excepiion No. J: As permitted in 620J2(A)(J).
Exception No. 2: Conduclors in sizes smaller ihan J/0 Mínimum Conductor Size (AWG)
AWG shall be permitted to be run in parallei to supply Conductor
control power to indicating insiruments, contactors, relays, Vultiigu Ratíng Aluminum or Coppcr-Ciad
(Volís) Copper Aluminum
solenoids, and similar control devices provided
0-2000 14 12
(a) They are contained wilhin ihe same raceway or cable, 2001-8000 8 8
(b) Tíie ampacity ofeach individual conductor is sujjicient 8001-15,000 2 2
to cany the entire load current shared by Ihe parallei 15,001-28,000 1 1
conductors, and 28,001-35,000 1/0 1/0
(c) The overcurreni proteciion is such ihat the ampacity of
each individual conductor will noí be exceeded if one
or more of the parallei conductors become inadvert- Exception No. J: For flexible cords as permitted by 400J.2.
ently disconnected. Exception No. 2: Forjixture wire as permitíed by 402.6.
Exception No. 3: Conductors in sizes smaller Uian J/0 Exception No, 3: For motors ratea J hp or less as permit-
AWG shall be permitíed to be run in parallei for frequen-
ted by 430,22(F).
cies of360 Hz and higher where condüions (a), (b), and (c)
of Exception No. 2 are me!. Exception No. 4: For cranes and hoists as permitted by
Excepiion No. 4: Under engineering supervisión, grounded 6JOJ4.
neutral conductors in sizes 2 AWG and larger shall be Exception No. 5: For elevator control and signaling cir-
permiííed to be run in parallei for existing installations. cuiis as permitted. by 620.12.
FPN: Exception No. 4 can be used lo alleviale overheatíng Exceplion No. 6; For Class J, Clnsa 2, and Class 3 circuits
of neutral conductors in existing inslallatíons due to high as permitted by 725.27(A) and 725.51, Exception.
contení of triplen harmonic currents.
Tablü 326.116 Conduit Dbncnsions 328.120 Marking. Médium voltage cable sbaJI be marked
as required ¡n 310.11.
Actual
Outsidc Actual Inside
Conduit Size Biameíer Diametar
Mctric Tradc ARTÍCLE 330
Designator Sizc
Meíal-CIad Cable: Type MC
53 2 60 2.375 49.46 1.947
78 3 89 3.500 73.30 2.886
103 4 114 4.500 94.23 3.710 I. General
330.1 Scopc. Tliís articie covcrs the use, mstallalion, and
couslruction specificalious of rnelal-clad cable, Type MC.
ARTIGLE328
Médium Voltage Cable: Type MV 330.2 Definition.
Meta? Ciad Cable, Type MC A factory assembly of onc
I. General or more iusulated círcuit conductors with or witliout óptica!
fiber inembers enclosed iii an annor of inleriocking metal
328.1 Scope. Tliis articie covers Ihe use, mstallaíion, and tape, or a smoolh or corrugaied melalh'c shealh.
construcüon specííications for médium voltage cable, Type
MV.
IL Inslallatíon
325.2 Definition. 330.10 Uses Permilled.
Médium Vollage Cable, Typc MV. A single or inulticon- (A) General Uses. Where nol subject to physicaí damage,
ductor solid díelectric ¡nsulated cable fiíted 2001 volts or Typc MC cables shall be permiUcd as follows:
higher.
(1) For scrvíces, feeders, aiid branch circuiís
(2) For power, lighüiig, control, and signa! circuí ts
u. Installation (3) Indoors or ouldoors
328.10 Uses PcrmiUcd. Type MV cables shall be pennit- (4) Where exposed or coucealed
ted for use on power systems raled up to 35,000 volts, (5) Direct buried where Identified for sucii use
nominal, as foílows: (6) In cable tray
(7) In any raceway
(1) In wet or dry locations (8) As open runs of cable
(2) Iu raceways (9) As aerial cable on a messenger
(3) In cable írays as specified iu 392.3(B)(1) (10) In hazardous (ciassified) locations as permitted iii Ar-
(4) Direct buried in accordauce with 300.50 ticles 501, 502, 503, 504, and 505
(5) In messenger-supported wiring (11) lu dry locaíions ajid embedded iu plasíer finish on
brick or otlier masoury except in dainp or wet loca-
328.12 Uses Not Permitled. Type MV cable shall not be tions
used unless ideulified for the use as foílows; (12) In wet locaíions where any of Ihe foiiowing condi-
(1) Where exposed to direct suuüghl tions are met:
(2) In cable írays a. The melallic covering is impervious to moisture.
b. A lead sheaíh or moisture-impervious jacket is pro-
328.80 Ampacity. The ampacity of Type MV cable stiali vided uuder Uie metal covering.
be detennined in accordance with 310.60. The ampacily of c. The insulated conductora under Ihe ineíallic cover-
Type MV cable insíaHed in cable tray shall be detennined ing are usted for use ín wet locations.
in accordaiice with 392.13. (13) Where single-conductor cables are used, aJl phase
conductors and, where used, tlie neutral conductor
m. Construcüon Specifications shall be grouped together lo ininimize induced vollage
on tlie sheafií.
328.100 Construction.Type MV cables shail nave coppcr,
aluminmn, or copper-clad aluininuin conductors and shaLÍ (B) Specific Uses. Type MC cable shail be installed in
be construcled iu accordance with Arücle 310. compliance with Articíes 300, 490, 725, and 770.52 as ap-
Locations for Electrical Jnslallations in Chemical Process m quantities sulEcient to produce explosivo or ignitible
Áreas; NFPA 820-1999, Standard for Fire Protecíion in mixtures. Class I locations shali include those specified in
Waste\vater Treatmeiií and Colleciion Faciliíies\I
RP500-1997, Recommended Practice for Classificalion of 500.5(B)(1) and(B)(2).
Locaíions of Electrical ínstaliations ai Petroleum Facililies
Classijied as Class 7, División 1 and División 2; ISA 12.10- (1) Class I, División 1. A Ciass I, División 1 locaüon is a
1988, Área Classificaiion In líazardous (Classified) Dusl locaüon
Locations.
(1) La which ignilible concentra ti ons of ílatmnable gases or
FPN No. 3: For further information on protectíon against
static electricity and lightnitig hazards in hazardous (classi- vapors can exist uiider normal, operating condiLious, or
fied) locations, see NFPA 77-2000, Recommended Practice (2) In wliicíi ignitible conceiitrations of such gases or va-
on Static Electricity: NFPA 780-1997, Standard for ¡he Jn- pors may exíst frequenüy because of repair or maiute-
stallation of Lighining Protecíion Systems; and API RP nance operalious or because of Jeakage, or
2003-1998, Protecíion Against fgniíions Arisiug Ouí of
Static Lighining and Síray Currenls. (3) til wiiich breakdown or faully operation of equipment
or processes inighl reléase ignitibíe concentratíons of
FPN No. 4: For further informatíon on venlilation, see
flammabJe gases or vapors and might also cause simul-
NFPA 30-2000, Flammable and Combustible Uquids Code;
and API RP 500-1997, Recommended Practice for Classi- laneous íaUure of eléctrica], equipment in such. a way as
fication of Locations for Electrical InstalJaíions at Petro- to direcUy cause the electrical equipment to become a
leum Facilities Classified as Class I, División 1 and Divi- source of ignitlon.
sión 2.
FPN No. 5: For further Information on eléctrica! systems FPN No. 1: This classification usually includes Ule follow-
for hazardous (Classified) locations on oífshore oil- and gas- ing locations:
producing plaübrms, see ANSÍ/API RP 14F-1999, Recom- (1) Where volatile ílammable liquids or liqueficd flam-
mended Practice for Design and Jnsíaliation of Electrical niable gases are tronsferred from one container to an-
Systems for Fixed and Floating Offshoiv Petroleum Facili-
other
ties for Unclassified and Class I, División 1 and División 2
Locations. í2) Tnteriors of spray boolhs and áreas in the vicinity of
spraying and painting operarions where volatile flam-
mable solvents are used
500.5 Classifications oC Locations. (3) Locations containing open tanks or vate of volatile
ñammable liquids
(A) Oassíficaíions of Locations. Locations shaii be clas- (4) Drying rooms or compartmenls for the evaporation of
sified depending on the properíies of ttie fimnmablc vapore, flammable solvents
liquids, or gases, or combuslible dusts or fíbers tliat may be (5) Locations cotilaining fat- and oil-extraction equip-
present, and llie liketííiood that a ílammabie or combustible ment using volatile flammable solvente
concentración or quantíty is present. Wíiere pyroplioric ma- (6) Porfióos of cleaning and dyeing plants where ílam-
ícrials are tlie only materiais used or handied, these loca- mable liquids are used
(7) Gas generator rooms and other portions of gas manu-
tions sball not be classíñed. Each room, sectíon, or área facturing plants where flammable gas may escape
siíall be cousidered individuaily in determining íts classiü- (8) Inadequately ventilated pump rooms for ílammable
cation. gas or for volatile flammable liquids
(9) The interiore of rerrigerators and freezers in which
FPN: Through the exercÍRe of ingenuity in ihc layout of volatile flammable materiais are stored in open,
eléctrica! installations for hazardous (classified) locations, lighdy stoppered, or casily ruptured containers
it is frequently possible to lócate much of the equipment in (10) All other locations where ignitible concentratíons of
a reduced leve! of classificaü'on or in. an uuclassífied loca-
flammable vapors or gases are likely to occur in the
tion and, thus, lo reduce ihe amount of special cquipment
required. course of normal operations
FPN No. 2: In some División 1 locaüons, ignilible con-
Rooms and áreas containing airunonia refrigeratiou sys- centrations of fiammable gases or vapors may be present
íems thal are equipped with adequale mechanical venüla- continuously or for long periods of time. Examples include
Uon may be classified as "uiiciassified" locatious. tbe foliowing:
FPN: For further Information regarding classiOcation and ti) The inside of ¡nadequately vetited enclosures contain-
ventilation of áreas involving ammonia, see ing instruments normally venting flammable gases or
ANSI/ASHPvAE 15-1994, Safety Code for Mechanical Re- vapors to the interior of the enclosure
frígemtion. and ANSI/CGA G2.1-19S9, Safety Require- (2) The inside of vented tanks containing volatile flam-
ments for the Storage and Handüng of Anhydrous mable liquids
Ammonia. (3) The área between the rnner and outer roof sections of a
floaüng roof tank containing volatile flammable fluids
(B) Class I Locations. Class I locations are Uiose in which (4) Inadequately ventilated áreas wilhin spraying or coat-
flaitunable gases or vapors are or may be present in the air ing operations using volatile flammable fluids
(1) Class JH, División 1. A Class m, División i locación 0.45 min or a mijiünmu igniüjig currenl ratio (MIC ratio)
is a locaíion in which. eíisily iguiübíe fibers or maíeriaJs less than or equal to 0.40. [NFPA 497, 1-3]
producing combusüble flyíngs are handled, manufacturad,
FPN: A typical Class I, Group B material is hydrogen.
or used.
Excepíion No. J: Group D equipmení shall be permitted 1o
FPN No. 1: Such locations usually include some parís of
rayón, collón, and other textíle milis; combustible fiber be used for atmospheres conlaining buiadiene, provided olí
manufacluring and processing plañís; collón gins and conduit runs inío explosionpivof equipment are provided
cotlon-seed milis; flax-processing plañís; clothing manufac- wilh explosionproof seáis installed wiíhin 450 mm (18 in.)
luring plañís; woodworking plañís; and eslabÜshments and ofíhe enclosure.
industries involvíng similar hazardous processes or
conditíons. Excepíion No. 2: Group C equipmeni shall be permitted to
be used for atmospheres conlaining allyl glycidyl elher,
FPN No. 2: Easily ignilifale Bbers and Ryings ioclude
rayón, collón (including collón linlers and cotlon wasle), n-buíyl glycidyl ether, efhylene oxide, propylene oxide, and
sisal or henequén, islle, jule, hemp, low, cocoa fiber, oa- acrolein, provided olí conduit runs inio explosionproof
kum, baled wasle kapok, Spanish moss, excelsior, and olher equípnient are provided wiíh explosionproof seáis insialled
malcriáis of similar nalure. wiíhin 450 mm (18 in.) of Ihe enclosure.
(2) Class m, División 2. A Class IT1, División 2 Jocalion (3) Group C. Fiammable gas, fiammable liquid-produced
is a íocation in which easily ignilible fibers are síored or vapor, or combustible liquid-produced vapor mixed wilh
handíed other tíian in Ibe process of manufacture. air Ihat may buril or explode, havmg eitlier a máximum
experimental safe gap (MESG) vaíue grealer Iban 0.45 mm
500.6 Material Groups. For purposes of tcsting, approva!, and less than or equal lo 0.75 mm, or a mínimum iguiling
and área ciassification, various air mixtures (nol oxygen- curreut ratio (MIC ratio) grealer laan 0.40 and less tlian or
curiched) shall be grouped in accordauce wiíii 500.6(A) equal to 0.80. [NFPA497, 1-3]
and 500.6(B). FPN: A typical Class I, Group C material is ethylene.
Excepíion: Equipment identified for a spedfic gas, vapor, (4) Group D. Fiammable gas, flaminable liquid-produced
or dusí. vapor, or combustible liquid-produced vapor inixed wilh
FPN: This grouping is based on Ihe cbaracteristícs of the aír that may burn or explode, havmg either a máximum
malcriáis. Facililies are available for lesling and idenlifying experimental safe gap (MESG) valué greaíer than 0.75 mm
equípmení for use in Ihe various atmospheric groups. or a mínimum igmíing current ratio (MIC ralio) greater
LhanO.SO. [NFPA 497, 1-3]
(A) Class I Group Classificatíons. Class I groups shall be
FPN No. 1: A lypical Class I, Group D malerial is
accordiug lo 5QQ.6(A)(O through (A)(4). propane.
FPN No. 1: FPN Nos. 2 and 3 apply lo 500.6[A). FPN No. 2: For classificatión of áreas involving ammonia
FPN No. 2: The explosión characleristics of air mixlures atmospheres, see ANSI/ASHRAE 15-1994, Safety Codejor
of gases or vapors vary with the specific malcría!, involved. Mechamcal Refrigeration, and ANST/CGA G2.1-1989,
For Class I locaü'ons, Groups A, B, C, and D, Ihe classifi- Safety Requiremenis for íhe Siorage and Handíing ofAn-
cation iiivolves determinations of máximum explosión hydrous Ammonia.
pressure and máximum safe clearance belween parts of a
clamped joinl in an enclosure. It is uecessary, therefore, Ihal (B) Class u Group Classifications. Class ü groups sball
equipmcnl be identified not only for class bul also for tbe be accord¡7íg (o 500.6(B)(1) Ihrough (B)(3).
specific group of Ihe gas or vapor Ihal will be presenL
(1) Group E- Atmospheres couíaiuing combustible metal
FPN No. 3: Certain chemical atmospheres may nave char-
acteristics Ihal require safeguards beyond ihose required for dusts, includüig alumiiium, maguesium, and tlieir coinmer-
any of Ihe Class I groups. Carbón disulfide is one of ihese cíal aüoys, or oíher combustible dusts whose partícle size,
chemicals because of ils low ignilioii temperalure [100°C abrasiveness, and couductivHy present similar hazards in
(212°F)] and Ihe smalljoint clearance pecmilled lo arrestils the use of eléctrica! equipmeul. [NFPA 499, 1-3]
flame.
FPN: Cerlain melal dusls may have characlerisücs thal
(1) Group A. Acetylene. [NFPA 497, 1-3] require safeguards beyond ihosc required for almospheres
conlaimng the dusts of aluminum, magnesium, and their
(2) Group B. Fíammable gas, fjainraable üquid-produced comniercial alloys. For example, zirconium, thorium, and
uranium dusts have extremely low ignitíon lemperatures [as
vapor, or combustible liquid-produccd vapor inixed wiüi low as 20°C (68°F)] and mininium igiution cnergics lowcr
air that may buen or explode, having either a maxiinuin Iban any malerial classified in any of Ihe Class I or Class u
experhnenlal safe gap (MESG) valué less than or equal. lo groups.
(2) Group F. Atraospfieres contaiuing combustible carbon- Articles 510 tbrougb 516 shall uol be considered applicabie
aceous dusts thal have inore than 8 percenl Iota!, entrapped to sucii mslalíations,, except as required by Árdele 504, and
volátiles (see ASTM D 3175-89, Standard Test Methodfor instaUatiou of üitrinsicalíy safe apparalus and wiring shall
Volatile Material in the Analysis Sample for Coal and be in accordance willi the requiremeuts of Article 504.
Coke, for coal and coke dusls) or thal have been sensiüzed
by olher malcriáis so Ihal Ihey presciH a» explosión hazard. (F) Noninccndivc Circuit. Tüis prolectiou techjúque shall
Coal, carbón black, charcoal, and coke dusts are examples be pennilted for equipment in Class I, División 2; Class II,
of carbouaceous dusls. [NFPA499, 1-3] División 2; or Class JH, División I or 2 localions.
(3) Group G. Atmosphcrcs coníaiuing combustible dusts (G) Noninccndivc Equipment. This proteclion teclmique
not ínciuded iu Group E or F, including fíour, grain, wood, shaíl be permitíed for equipmeul in Class I, División 2;
plástic, and chemicals. Class u. División 2; or Class HI, División I or 2 localious.
FPN No. 1: For addilional informatíon on group classifi- (H) Nonincendivc Componenl. This proíecüon techuique
catíon of Class U materials, see NFPA 499-1997, Recom- shall be pennilted for equipmenl in Class I, División 2;
mended Practice for íhe Qassification of Combustible Class II, División 2; or Class IQ, División i or 2 localious.
Dusís and ofíJazardous (Classified) Locations for Eléctri-
ca! InsiaUations m Chemical Process Áreas. (I) Oil tmmersion. This proíecüon teclmique shall be per-
FPN No. 2: The explosión characteristics of air mixtures milled for current-inleirupliug contacls bi Class I, División
of dust vary with the malcriáis involvcd. For Class U loca- 2 iocaüons as describedin 501.6(B)(1)(2),
tions, Groups E, F, and G, the classificaüon ¡nvolvcs the
lightness of íhe joinls of assembly aud shaft openings lo (.T) Hcrmctically Sealcd. This proíecüon teclmique shail
prevent the entrance of dust in the dust-ignitionproof enclo-
sure, the blauketing effect of layers of dust on the equip-
be permitted for eqiüpmeul in Class I, División 2; Class U,
ment that may cause overheating, aud the igniíion tempera- División 2; or Class 10, División 1 or 2 Iocaüons.
turc of the dusL It is necessary, therefore, that equipment be
ideutified not only for íhe class, but also for the specific (K) Combustible Gas Dctcclion System. A cornbusüble
group of dust that will be present. gas detecüou syslein shall be penrülled as a means of pro-
FPN No. 3: Certain dusts may require additional precau- tecüou bi industrial, eslabüslimenls wilh reslricled public
tions due to chemical phenomena that cau result in the access and where íhe conditions of mainlenance and super-
generatíon of ígnitible gases. See ANSÍ C2-1997, National visión ensure Ihat only qualified persous Service íhe inslai-
Eléctrica! Safeíy Code^ Section 127A, Coal Handling laüon. Gas detecüou equipment shall be .lisled for detecüon
Áreas. of íhe specific gas or vapor lo be encoimlered. Where siich
a sysíem is iiislaiíed, equipment specified in 500.7(K)(1),
500.7 Protcction Tccímiqucs. Scclion 500.7(A.) through (2), or (3) shall be pennilted.
(L) sball be acceplabíe proleclion lecimiques for eléctrica]
and clectrouic equipment bi hazardous (classified) loca- (1) Inadequate VcntHafíon. Li a Ciass I, División 1 loca-
tions. ílon that is so classified due to iuadequale venülaüon, eléc-
trica! equipmenl suilable for Class I, División 2 Iocaüons
(Á) Explosión proof Apparatus. TIiís proteclion technique shall be permitíed.
shall be perinUled for equipmenl in Class I, División 1 or 2
locaüous. (2) Interior of a Buildíng. lu abuildiug locatedin, orwitli
an opeuiug mío, a Class I, División 2 localion where the
(B) Dust Ignilionproof. This protecliou techuique shall be interior does not coníaín a source of flaimnable gas or va-
pentúíled for equipmeul m Ciass U, División i or 2 loca- por, eléctrica! equipmeul for unclassified locaüous shall be
lions. penniííeA.
(C) Duslíighl. This proleclion techuique shall be pennit- (3) Interior of a Control Panel. In the interior of a control
ted for equipineul in CJass 0, División 2 or Class IU, Di- panel, coníaiuing mstrumeulaüon uülizing or measuring
visión 1 or 2 localious. flaramable üquids, gases, or vapors, eléctrica! equipmeut
(D) Purgcd and Pressurizcd. This proíecüon tecluiique suilabJe for Class I, División 2 Iocaüons shail be penmlíed.
shall be permitíed for equipmenl in auy hazardous (classi- FPN No. 1: For further information, see ANSI/ISA-
fied) iocalio]] for wJiich it is ideutified. 12.13.01, Performance Requiremenis, Combustible Gas
Delectors,
(E) Intrinsíc Safcly. Tliis proíecüon (ecluüque shall be
FPN No. 2: For further informaíion., see ANSÍ/API RP
permilted for equíptneul in Ciass I, División 1 or 2; or 500, Recommended Praclice for Classificaíion of Locations
Class U, División i or 2; or Ciass fflT División i or 2 for Electrical Jnstallaíions ai Petroleum Facilities Classi-
localions. Tbe provtsions of Articles 501 through. 503 aud fied as Class í, División I or División 2,
duil or NPT-lhreaded fittings. Lisíed cable filüngs tímt have shall be inslalled in vaulls complying with 501.2(A)(1) or
melric threads shaü be pennitíed lo be used. be approved for Cíass I locations.
FPN: Threading speciGcatíons for mclric [hreaded enlries
(B) Ciass I, División 2. In Class I, División 2 locations,
are located in ISO 965/1-1980, Me/ríe Screw Threadx, and
ISO 965/3-1980, Meíric Scre\v Threads. Iransformers and capacitors shall comply with 450.21
Ihrough 450.27.
(E) Fiber Optic Cable Assembiy. Where a fiber optic
cable assembiy coniains conduclors Üiat are capable of car- 501.3 Mctcrs, Instruments, and Relays.
rying current, the fiber optic cable assembly shall be in-
síalled in accordauce with fhe requiremenís of Afíleles 500, (A) Cíass I, División 1. In Class I, División 1 localions,
501, 502. or 503, as appücabíc. meíers, inslrumeuls, and rela3's, iucludhig kilowatt-hour
melers, insírument Iransformers, resistors, reclifiers, aud
500.9 Speciíic Occupancics. Anieles 510 Lhrough 517 tliennionic lubes, slial.1 be provided wilfi enclosures idenli-
cover garages, aircraft hangars, motor fue! dispensing fa- fied for Class I, División 1 iocatious. Euclosures for Class
ciüties, bulk storage plañís, spray applicaliou, dipping and I, División 1 localions include explosionproof enclosures
coatmg processes, and health care facilities. íiad purged and pressurized euclosures.
FPN: Sce NFPA 496-1998, Standard for Purged and Pres-
surized Enclosures for Eléctrica! Equipment.
501.1 General. The general rules of Lhis Code shaii apply (1) Contactó. Swilchcs, circuil brcakcrs, and makc-aud-
lo the eíectric wiring and equipmenl in localions classified break coutacts of pushbuttons, reíays, alarm bells, and
as Class I in 500.5. Equipmeut lisled and marked ín accor- horns shaJJ. have euclosures idenüfied for CJass I, División
dauce with 505.9(C)(2) for use in Class I, Zoue O, 1, or 2 1 localions in accordance wiíh 501.3(A).
Jocations shali be permiítcd in Cíass I, División 2 íocaílons Exception: General-purpose enclosures shall be permiíted
for tíié sainé gas and witli a suitablé Léinpératuré cíass. if currení-inierrupling contacts are
Exception: As modified by this anide. (a) Immersed in oil, or
(b) Enclosed within a clwmber that is hermetically sealed
501.2 Transformcrs and Capacitors. against íhe enírance of gases or vapors, or
(A) Class I, División 1. In Cfass I, División 1 locatious, (c) In nonincerulive circuits, or
Iransformers and capacitors shall comply witli 501.2(A)(1) (d) Parí of a Usted nonincendive componen!.
and (A)(2).
(2) Resistors and Similar Equipment. Resisíors, resis-
(1) ContainingLiquid That Will Buril. Trausfonners and tance devices, thennionic tubes, rectifiers, and similar
capacitors conlaining a üquid that wilí. bum sliall be bi- equjpmeiit Ihal are nsed in or in connection with meters,
slaJied only in vaulls that coinply with 450.41 Ihrough inslruments, aud relays shall coinply witli 501.3(A).
450.48 and, in addition, willi (a) Ihrough (d). Excepüon: General-purpose-type enclosures shall be per-
(a) There shaíl be no door or oüier commuüicatmg m'üled ifsuch equipmení is wilhouí make-and-break or slid-
opening belween íhe vault and the División 1 íocation. ing contacts [other tfian as provided in 50J.3(B)(})J and if
(b) Ampie ventilation shall be provided for íhe con- íhe máximum operatmg temperature ofany exposed surface
linuous rernovai of flammable gases or vapors. will not exceed 80 percent of íhe ignition iemperature in
(c) Vent openiugs or ducls shail lead lo a safe locaüou degrees Celsius of íhe gas or vapor involved or has been
oulside of buüdings. tesíed and found incapable of igniting the gas or vapor.
(d) Vent ducts and openings shall be of sufficienl área This exception sfia.ll nol apply lo thennionic tubes.
lo reh'eve explosión pressures within llie vault, and all por-
tious of veul ducls within the buüdiugs shall be of rein- (3) Witliout Makc-or-Brcak Contacts. Trausformer
forced coucrele consírucüou. wrndiugs, impedance coils, solenoids, and olher windhigs
thal do nol incorpórale sliding or make-or-break contacts
(2) Nol Containing Liquid Tbat Will Burn. Transfonn- shall be provided witli enclosures. Generaí-purpose-lype
ers aud capacitors Üial do nol coulain a liqu,id thal wül bum euclosures shall be permitted.
(2) Sump pumps and other equipment required to opérate ment rooms, exhaust fans for Jaboratory fume hoods,
for tlie safely of major apparatus, including associated nuclear medicine áreas where radioaclive material is
control sysíems and aJanns. used, eüiyiene oxide evacuation and anesthesia evacu-
(3) Compressed air sysíems serving medical and surgical atíon. Where delayed automaíic connection is not ap-
funcíions, iucluding conlrols. Sucli air systems shall be propriale, such venlilation systems shall be pennitted lo
permitled on tlie crilical braucli. be placed on the crítica! branch. [NFPA 99,
(4) Smoke control and stair pressurization systems, or 3.4.2.2.3(e)(4)l
bolb, (4) Hyperbaric facilities.
(5) Kílclien Iiood supply or exhaust systems, or boíli, if (5) Hypobaric facih'ties.
required to opérate during a fire in or under the hood. (6) Aulomaücally operated doors.
[NFPA 99, 3.4.2.2.3(d)] (7) Minünal eleclrically Jieated autocJaving equipment
Exceplion: Sequeniial delayed automaíic connection to shalf be pennitted ío be arranged for eitlier automaüc
íJie altérnate power source lo preven! overloading ihe gen- or manual connectiou (o íhe altérnate source.
eraíor shall be permilted where engineering studies indí- (8) Controls for equipment Jisted in 517.34.
cate ií is necessary. (9) Other selected equipment shall be permilled to be
served by the equípmen I sys lern. [NFPA 99,
(B) Equipmcnt Cor Delayed Automatic or Manual Con- 3.4.Z2.3(e)]
nection. The foHowing equipineut shall be arranged for
eitlier delayed automaíic or manual comiection ío the altér- 51735 Sourccs of Po^vcr.
nale power source:
(A) T\vo Indejpcndcnt Sourccs of Power. Essential elec-
(1) Healing equipmenl to provide kealing for operaling, Irical sysíems shall have a minimum. of two independent
delivery, labor, recovery, intensivo care, coronary care, sources of power: a nonnal. source generally suppíying llae
nurseries, infecíion/isoíation rooms, emergency Ireal-
enlire elecíricai system and one or more altérnale sources
meul spaces, and general palien I rooms and pressure
for use when Üie nonnal source is interrupted. [NFPA 99,
maintenance (jockey or make-up) pump(s) for walcr-
3.4.1.1.2]
based fire protecíion systems.
Excepíion: Heating of general paíient rooms and (B) AKcrnatc Source oí' Power. The altérnale source of
infecíion/isolalion rooms during disruption of the normal power shall be one of the foliowiug:
source sháli noi be required under any of the following (1) Geueraíor(s) driven by some forin of prime mover(s)
condiíions: and iocaíed on íhe preraises
(a) The outside design lemperature is higher than -6.7°C (2) Anothcr geuerating unit(s) where íhe normal source
(20°F). cousisls of a geueraíing unil(s) localed on Ihc preinises
(b) The outside design temperatura is lower than — 6.7°C (3) An exíenial. utility service wiien ílie nonnaJ. source con-
(20°F), and \vhere a selecied room(s) is provided for sists of a generating uuil(s) located ou tiie premises
íhe needs of olí confmed palienls, only such room(s)
(C) Location of Essential Eléctrica! System Compo-
need be heaíed.
(c) Thefacility is served by a dual source of normal power. nents. Careful consideralion shaU be given lo íhe íocaüon
of the spaces housing íhe componenls of íhe essenlial elec-
FPN No. 1: The design lemperature is based on íhe 97 VS IricaJ syslein ío minünize iuíerrupíioiis caused by natural
percent design valué as shown in Chapter 24 of the forces common lo íhe área (e.g., stonns, floods, earth-
ASHRAE liandbook of Fundamentáis (1997). quakes, or hazards creaíed by adjoining síructures or activi-
FPN No. 2: For a description of a dual source of normal, ties). Consideration shaü aj.so be given lo llie possíbie in-
power, see 51735(C), FPN. lerrupíion of normal elecíricai services resulling from
(2) An clcvator(s) sclcctcd to próvido scrvicc to palicnt, similar causes as well as possible disrupüon of nonnal elec-
surgical, obstetrical, and grouud floors during iuterrup- trical service due lo intenial wiriug and equipment failures.
tion of normal power. lu insíances wiiere iníerruplion FPN: Facilities in which Ihc nonnal source of power is
of normal power wouJd resull in olíier elevators slop- supplied by two or more sepárate central statíon-fed ser-
ping betwceu floors, llirow-over facilities shall be pro- vices experience grcaler than normal, electrical service reli-
vided to allow Üie temporary operaüon of auy elevator abin'ty than those with only a single fecd. Such a dual
for the reléase of patients or other persons who may be source of normal power consists of two or more electrical
services fcd fi-orn sepárate generator sets or a utilily distri-
conñned between floors. buüon network that has múltiple power input sources and is
(3) Supply, return, and exhaust venlüatíng systems for air- arranged to provide mechanícal and electrical separation so
borne infeclious/isolation rooms, protective environ- that a fault between the facility and the generating sources
727.5 Uses Not Pcrmitled. Type ITC cable shaLl not be FPN No. 1: Pire alarm syslems include Gre delection and
iustalled on circuiís operating at inore Iban 150 volts or alarm noíiücation, guard's tour, sprinkler waterfiow, and
more líian 5 amperes. spriukler supervisory systems. Círcuits coatrolled aud pow-
ered by the fire alarm system include circuiís for the control
Installalion of Type 1TC cable witli other cables shall be of building systems safety ñmctious, elevator capture, el-
subject to (he stated provisioiis of íhe specific arlicJes for cvator shutdown, door reléase, smoke doors and damper
Üie other cables. Where the governíng artid.es do uot con- control, fire doors and damper control and fan shutdown,
lain staled provisious for mslallalion wiüi Ty¡>e ITC cable, but only where these circuits are powered fay and controlled
by the fire alarm system. For ñirther informatíon on the
the instalíation of Type ITC cable with the other cables instalíation and monitoring for integrily requiremenls for
shall not be permitted. fire alarm systems. refer to the NFPA 72-1999, National
Type ]TC cable shall not be installed with. power, light- Fire Álarm Cade®.
iug, Class 1, or uou-power-ihnited círcuits. FPN No. 2: Class 1, 2, and 3 circuiís are defined in Article
Exception No. 1: Where terminaíed within equipmenl or 725.
junction box.es and separations are maintained by insulat-
ing barriera or olher means. 760.2 Dcfinitions. For purposes of Üiis article, ihe foilow-
Exception No. 2: Wíiere a metallic shealh or armor is ing definitions apply.
applied over the nonmetallic shealh ofthe Type ITC cable. Abandoncd Firc Alarm Cable. Installed fire alarm cable
727.6 Construclion. The insulaíed conductors of Type tliat ís iiot tenninaled at equipmenl olher (han a conuector
ITC cable shall be in sizes 22 AWG through 12 AWG. The and not identifica for ñiture use with a íag.
conductor material, shall be copper or thennocoupie aíloy. Firc Alarm Circuit. The portiou of the wiring systeni be-
ínsuíation on the conductors shall be rated for 300 volts. tween the load síde of the overcurrent devíce or tlie power-
Shieídiug shall be pennilted. Uinited supply aud Üie conuected equipment of all circuits
The cable shall be Usted as being resistant to (lie spread powered and controíled by íhe üre alarm system. Fire alarm
of fire. The outer jackeL shall be sunh'ght and moisture circuits are classiñed as either non-power-limited or
rcsisíant. power-ümited.
Where a smoolh metallic shealh, conünuous corrugaíed
melaUic sheath, or inlerlocking tape armor is applied over Firc Alarm Circuit Integrity (CI) Cable. Cable used in
the noumetaJiic sheath, an overalJ nonmetallic jacket shali fire alarm systems to eusure continued operation of crilical
not be required. circuits during a specífied time under íire conditious.
727.7 Marking. The cable shall be marked iu accordance Non-Powcr-Limitcd Fire Alarm Circuit (NPLFA). A fire
with 310.11(A)(2), (3), (4), and (5). Voltage raíings shall alarm circuit powered by a source that compiles with
not be marked on the cable. 760.21 and 760.23.
Powcr-Límitcd Firc Alarm Circuit (PLFA). A fire alarm
727.8 Allowablc Ampacity. The allowabie ampacify of the
circuit powered by a source thal compiles with 760.41.
conductors shall be 5 amperes, except for 22 AWG conduc-
tors thal shail have an allowabie ampacity of 3 amperes.
7603 Locations and Other Articlcs. Circuits and equip-
727.9 Ovcrcurrcnt Protcction. Overcurrenl protection ment shall comply with 760.3(A) through (F). Only íhose
shall not exceed 5 amperes for 20 AWG and larger conduc- sections of Article 300 referenced in tlüs article shall apply
tors, and 3 amperes for 22 AWG conductors. to fire alarm systems.
727.10 Bends. Bends ín Type ITC cables shali be made so (A) Spread oí'Firc or Producís of Combustión. Seclion
as not to drnnagc the cable. 300.21. The accessible portion of abandoned fire alanu
cables shall not be perniitted to remain.
760.1 Scojpc. This article covers Üie installaüou of wiring (C) Hazardous (Classified) Localions. Anieles 500
and equipment of íire alarm systems hicludiug all circuits through 516 and Article 517, Pail IV, where installed in
couírolled and powered by the fire alarm system. hazardous (classified) locations.
Exception No. 2: Conductors and ¡nulíiconducíor cables Power-Limited CircuJLs. Conducíors and equipmeut for
described in and insíalled in accordance wiih 760.27 and power-ümiíed fire aíarm circuits shall be installed in accor-
760.30 shall be pemiined. dance with 760.55 llirough 760.58.
Exception No. 3: Power-limited ci?ruiis símil be permilted
1o be reclassified and installed as non-power-Iimited cir- 760^5 Scparation Trom Electric Líglit, Power, Class 1,
cuits if the power-Iimüed fire alarm circuit markings re- NPLFA, and Médium Power Nctwork-Powercd Broad-
quired by 760.42 are eliminated and the enííre circuit is band Communications Circuit Conductors.
installed using the wiring meihods and maíerials in accor- (A) Gcnerai. Power-limited fire alarm circuit cables and
dance \vith Parí II, Non~Po\ver-Limited Fire Alarm conductors shall. not be placed ín auy cable, cable tray,
Chruits. comparünent, enclosure, manhole, outlet box, device box,
FPN: Power-limited circuits reclassified and installed as raceway, or similar fitüng with conductors of eíectric ügbl,
non-power-Iimited circuits are no longer power-Iimited cir- power, Ciass 1, non-power-Iimited fire alann circuits, and
cuits, regardless of the continued connection to a power- médium power uetwork-powered broadband coimnunica-
limiled source. tíojis circuiís uiüess pennilted by 760.55(B) through (G).
(B) PLFA"WiriJig Methods and Materials. Powcr-limiíed (B) Separated hjr Barricrs. Power-lJmiíed fire alann cir-
fire aíann conductors and cables described in 760.71 shall cuit cables shall be permltted to be instaUed together with
be iusíalled as deíaüed in 760-52(B)(i), (2), or (3) of this Class 1, non-power-h'miíed fire alann, and médium power
secíion. Devices shall be inslalled in accordance with network-powered broadband Communications circuits
110.3(B), 300.11(A), and 300.15. where tbey are separated by a barrier.
(1) Exposed or Fishcd in Conccaled Spaces. Iu raceway (C) Raceways Within Enclosures. In enclosures, power-
or cxposcd on íhe surface of ceib'ng and sidewalls or fislied limited fire alarm circuits shall. be penniíted ío be installed
in concealed spaces. Cable splices or lenninalious shall be in a raceway within the enclosure to sepárate tliem from
made in lisled fiítíngs, boxes, enclosures, fire alann de- Class 1, non-power-IJmited fire alann, and médium power
vices, or utilizalion equipment. Where instalíed exposed, network-powered broadbaud Communications circuits.
cables shali be adequately supporíed and instaUed iu such a
way that máximum proLeclion againsL physícal. darnage is (D) Associated Systems Within Enclosures. Power-
afforded by bullding construction sucli as baseboards, door Uinited fire alarm conducíors in compartmenls, enclosures,
frames, ledges, and so fortli. Wliere located wiífiín 2.1 m device boxes, ouUet boxes, or similar fitüngs shall be per-
(7 ft) of Ihe floor, cables shall be sectirely fastened in an mitted lo be instaiíed with eíectric light, power, Class I,
approved jnauner at iulervals of uot more iban 450 inm nou-power-limíled fire alann, and médium power nelwork-
(18 in.). powered broadbaud Communications circuiís where Ihey
are inlroduced solely to connect (lie equipment connected
(2) Passing Through a Floor or Walí, In metal raceways to power-limited fire alarrn circuits, and comply with either
or rigid nonmetallic conduit where passing (hrough a floor of (he foilowíng couditions:
or watl to a heighl of 2.1 m (7 ft) above íhe floor, uniess
(1) The eíectric light, power, Class 1, non-power-Iimited
adequate prolectiou can be afforded by bullding couslruc-
fire alann, and médium power nelwork-powered broad-
tion such as detailed in 760.52(B)(1) or uuless an equiva-
band Communications circuit conductors are rouled to
lent solid guard is provided.
mabitain a mínimum of 6 min (0.25 in.) separation
(3) In Hoistways. In rigid metal couduít, rigíd noumetalüc from (he conductors and cables of power-íimited fire
conduit, iuíennediate metal conduít, or eléctrica! meíaííic alann circuits.
tubúig where insíalled in hoistways. (2) The circuil conductors opérate at 150 volts or iess to
ground and also comply with one of íhe foüowing:
Exception No. 1: As pmvidedfor in 620.2} for elevators a. The fire alann power-limited circuits are ínslaiied
and similar eqmptnení. using Type FPL, FPLR, FPLP, or permitted subsli-
Exception No. 2: Oíher iviiing meihods and maíerials in- íule cables, provided these power-limited cable con-
stalled in accordance wiíh íhe requiremenis of 760.3 shall ducíors exlending beyoud tíie jacket are separated
be permiíied to extend or replace the conductors and cables by a mínimum of 6 imn (0.25 in.) or by a noucon-
described in 760.7J and permitied by 76Q.52(B). ductive sleeve or noncouducüve barrier from aü
otlier conduclors.
76054 Installatíon of Conductors and Equipment in b. The power-limited fire alarm circuit conductors are
Cables, Compartmcuts, Cable Trays, Enclosures, Man- instaUed as nou-power-limiled circuits in accor-
lioles, Outlet Boxcs, Devíce Boxes, and Raceways l'or dance with 760.25.
(E) Enclosures witli Single Opening. Power-limited íire saine cable, enciosure, or raceway with conductors of
alann circuit conductors eiilering comparünenís, euclo- power-Üinited fire alarm circuits, provided that the ¡usula-
sures, device boxes, outlet boxes, or similar fitíings shail be tioii of (he Class 2 circule conductors in (he cable, encio-
pennitted lo be iuslailed wiíli electríc iight, power, Class 1 sure, or raceway is at least that required by the power-
noii-power-limUed are alann, and médium power nelwork- iimiled fire alann circuits.
powered broadband cominunicaüons circuíts where they
are inlroduced solely lo coimecl the equipmeiiL coimected (Q Low-Power Nctwork-Powcred Broadband Comniu-
to power-limited fire alarm circuils or lo other circuiís con- Tiications Cables and PLFA Cables. Low-power iietwork-
Irolled by the fire alann S3'stem to which the oíher conduc- powered broadband communications circuits shalJ be per-
tors in the enciosure are coimected. Where power-limited initfed in the same enclosure or raceway wilh PLFA cables.
fire alann circuit conduclors inust enter an enciosure that is
provided wiíh a single openíng, they shall be penniíted to 76037 Support of Conductors. Power-iimited fire alann
enícr through a single fitüng (such as a lee), provided líie circuit conductors shall not be sírapped, taped, or atíached
conductors are separated from Üic conductors of the other by any ineaus to tlie exterior of any couduit or oíiaer race-
circuiís by a continuous and finniy fixed noncon ductor, way as a means of support.
such as flexible tubmg.
(F) In Hoistways. In hoislways, power-iímíted fire alaan 760.58 Conductor Sizc. Conductors of 26 AWG shall be
circuil conduclors shall be installed in rigid metal, coriduit, pennitted only where spüced with a comiector Usted as
rigíd nomnelailic conduil, iutennediale metal condiúí, liq- suitable for 26 AWG to 24 AWG or ¡arger conductors íhat
uidüghl flexible nomneíaliic couduií, or eléctrica!, meíaüic are tenninated on equípinent or where the 26 AWG couduc-
tubiiag. For elevalors or similar equípment, these conduc- tors are tenninated on equipmeut Usted as suitable for 26
tors shall be pennitted to be inslalied as provided in 620.21. AWG conduclors. Single conductors shall uot be smailer
Ihan 18 AWG.
(G) OUicr Applications. For other applicalions, power-
Üinited fire alann circuit couducíors shall be separated by at 76039 Current-Carrying Continuous Linc-Type Fire
least 50 man (2 in.) from conductors of aiiy elecíric üght, Detectors.
power, Class 1, üon-power-limited íire alann. or médium
power network-powered broadband Communications cir- (A) Application. Listed contiuuous h'ne-typc fire detec-
cuiís uniess one of the foiíowing condilions is met: tors, mcJudúig úisulaied copper lubing of pneumaílcally
o^rated detectors, employed for boíli detection and carry-
(1) Either (a) ai!, of the eieclric HghL, power, Class 1, non-
power-Iimiíed fire alann, and médium power network- iug sígiíaling curreuts shall. be penniíted to be used iu
power-limited circuits.
powered broadband communications circuit conductors
or (b) all of the power-limited fire alann circuit con- (B) Installation. Continuous üue-type fire detecíors shall
ductors are in a raceway or in melal-shealhed, melal- be installed in accordance wilh 760.42 through 760.52 and
clad, nouinetaUic-shealhed, orType UF cables. 760.54.
(2) All. of the eiecíric lighl, power, Class 1 non-power-
Ümiled fire aJann, and médium power network-
760.61 Applications of Listed PLFA Cables. PLFA
powered broadband communicalious circuit conductors
are pennaneiilly separaled frorn. all of tlie power- cables shall cornpiy with the requirements described in ei-
limited fire alann circuit conductora by a coutínuous ther 760.61 (A), (B). or (C) or where cable substitutious are
and finniy fixed uoucouductor, such as porceJain tubes inade as shown hi 760.61 (D).
or flexible tubing, in addition to the iiisuiation on the
(A) PIcnum. Cables installed iu ducts, pleiimns, and other
conductors. spaces used for environraenlal air shall be Type FPLP.
760.56 Installaüon of Conductors of Different PLFA Abandoned cables shall not be pennitted to remain. Types
Circuits, Class 2, Class 3, and Communications Circuiís FPLP, FPLR, and FPL cables instalJed ín compüance with
in the Same Cable, EncJosurc, or Raceway, 300.22 shaü be permiífed.
(A) Two or More PLFA Circuits. Cable and conductors (B) Riscr. Cables histaiíed in risers shall be as described in
of two or inore power-limiled fire alann circuits, commu- eiíher (1), (2), or (3):
nications circuiís, or Class 3 circuits shall be pennitled
(J.) Cables inslaJJed in verlícal runs and penetrating more
witliin the sanie cable, enciosure, or raceway.
thaii oue íloor, or cables iustalled in vertical runs in a
(B) Class 2 Circuiís vvith PLFA Circuits. Conductors of shaft, sliall. be Type FPLR. Fioor peuetrations requirhig
one or more Class 2 circuits shaií be pennilled witbin the Type FPLR shall contain only cables suitable for riser
Pcrmiíicd Substítutíons
Cable Type Use Referen ees Multiconductor Coaxial
FPLP Power-limited fire alarm plenum cable 760.61 (A) CMP MPP
FPLR Pawer-limiled fire alarm ríser cable 760.61 (BJ CMP, FPLP, CMR MPP, MPR
FPL Power-limited fire alarm cable 760.6HC) CMP, FPLP, CMR, MPP, MPR,
FPLR, CMG, CM MPG, MP
Multiconductor Coaxial
or p lenum use. Abandoned cables shall. not be pe¡ruút- cables cables
[ed to remaní. Plenum
(2) Other cables shall. be ínstaüed in metal, raceways or
located in a fireproof sliaft having firestops at each
floor.
Rlser
(3) Type FPL cable shall be periniUed iii one- and two-
fainíly dwellings.
FPN: See 300.21 for firestop requiremenls for floor CMG MPG
penetrations. General purpose *f~FFñT~[*
CM MP
(C) Othcr Wirmg Within Buildings. Cables instaiJed in Type CM—Communications wires and cables
buiiding locations other ihan those covered in 760.61(A) or Type FPL—Power-llmlted fire alarm cables
(B) shaU be as described in eilher (1), (2), (3), or (4). Type MP—Multipurpose cables (coaxial cables oniy)
[A]—4H Cable A shall be permltted to be used in place of cable B.
(1) Type FPL shall be pentütted.
26 AWG mínimum
(2) Cables shaU be pcruiitlcd lo be inslallcd íu raceways.
(3) Cables specified in Cbapíer 3 aiid meetíiig Üie require- Figure 760.61 Cable substilution hicrarchy.
inents of 760.71(A) and (B) shall be pennitted ío be
íusíaíled in noiicoiiceaied spaces wherc the exposed
lengíb of cable does not exceed 3 m (10 ft). (B) Conductor Size. The size of conductora in a inulücon-
(4) A portable ñre alann system provided ío protect a stage ducíor cable shaJJ not be smaller luán 26 AWG. Single
or set when uot in use shali be permltled to use wírbig conductora shall not be smaller than 18 AWG.
rnelhods in accordauce with 530.12.
(Q Ratings. Tlie cable shall have a voiíage raüng of not
CD) Fire Alarm Cable Uses and Pemiittcd SubstKu- Jess iban 300 volts.
tions. The uses and pennitted subsíitntions for fire alarm
cables iisíed in Table 760.61. shall be cousidered suiíabíe (D) Type FPLP. Type FPLP power-Jiínited fire alann ple-
num cable shaii be Iisíed as being suitable for use in ducts,
for Üie parpóse and shall be penniUed.
plenums, aiid other space used for environmental air and
FPN: For inforraaüon on multipurpose cables tTypes shaU also be Usted as haviug adequale íire-resistant and low
MPPt MPR, MPG, MP) and comrmmications cables (Types smoke-producing characíeristics.
CMP, CMR, CMG, CM), see 800.51.
FPN: One method of defining low smoke-producing cable
is by establishing an acceptable valué of the smoke pro-
760.71 Listing and Marking of PLFA Cables and Insu- duced when tesíed in accordance with NFPA 262-1999,
latcd Continuóos Line-Type Fire Dctectors. Type FPL Standard Method of Tes! for Fíame Travel and Smoke oj
cables instailed as wiring within buildiugs shall. be Usted as Wires and Cables for Use in Air-fiaiuÜmg Spaces, lo a
being resisíant to the spread of fire and other crileria in máximum peak óptica! density of 0.5 and a máximum av-
accordance witli 760.71(A) through (H) and shall be erage óptica! density of 0.15. Simílarly, one method of de-
fining fire-resistant cables is by establishing máximum al-
marked in accordance with 760.71(1). Insulated continuous lowable flame travel distance of 1.52 m (5 ft) when tested
line-type fire detectors shall be Usted in accordance witli in accordance with the same test.
760.71(J).
(E) Type FPLR. Type FPLR power-liinited fire alann riser
(A) Conductor Malcriáis. Conductors shall. be solid or cable shall be Usted as being suitable for use in a vertical
stranded copper. run in a shaft or from floor to floor and shall also be usted
(H) Coaxial Cables. Coaxial cabies shall be peraiitted to Ábandoncd Optical Fiber Cable. Insíalled optical fiber
use 30 percenl conductivity copper-covcred steel cenler cable that ís not lenrunated at equiptnent ollier than a con-
conductor wire and shall be lisied as Type FPLP, FPLR, or nector and not identified for future use with a tag.
FPL cable. Exposcd. The circuit is in such a posilion that, in case of
(I) Cable Marking. The cable símil be marked iu accor- failure of supports and iusiilaüon, contad wiíh another cir-
dance witb TabJe 760.71(1). The voltage rating shall not be cuit may resull.
marked on the cable. Cables lliat are Usted for circuit integ- FPN: See Árdele 100 for two other definitions of Exposed.
rity shaü be identified wiíh ílie suffix CI as defined in
760.71(G). Optical Fiber Raceway. A raceway designed for enclosing
and routing lisied optical fiber cables.
FPN: Voltage ratings on cables may be misinlerpreted to
suggest that the cables may be suitable for Class 1, electric Point of Enírancc. The point at wliicíi the wire or cable
light, and power applications. emerges from an exfenjal. wall, from a cojicrete floor slab,
Exception: Voltage maríángs shall be permüted where Ihe or from a rigid metal conduit or an intermedíale metal con-
cable lias múltiple listings and volíage iruirfdng is required duit grounded to an elecírode in accordance with
for one or more ofíhe lisíings. 800.40(B).
WircJcss Rcpeatcr. A componcnt used to relay signáis 1-5.2.4 Pjimaiy Supply, The prímary supply shall have a high
between wireless receivers or wireless control panels, or both. degree of reliabílity, shall have adequate capacity for the
Zone. Adeíinedareawithin theprotectcdpremises.Axone i atended service, and shall consist of one of the following:
can define an área írom which a signal can be received, an (1) Light ancl power service arrangetl in accordance with
área to which a signnl can be sent, or an área in which a form 1-5.2.5
of control can be executed. Í2) Where a pcrson spccifically trained in its operation is on
duty at all times, an engíne-driven gencrator or equiva-
1-5 Fundamentáis. lent arranged in accordance with 1-5.2.10
1-5.1 Common System Fundamentáis. The provisions of 1-5.2.5 Light and Power Service.
ChapLer 1 shal! npply Lo Chapters 2 through 7.
1-5.2.5.1 A lighL and power service employed to opérate thc
1-5.1.1 General. The provisious of Chapter 1 shall cover the systcm under normal conditions shall have a high degree of
basic functions of a complete fire alarm system. These systems reliability and capacity for the iutended service. This service
shall be primarily intendcd to provide noülícatíon oí." fire shall consist of one of Üie following:
alarm, supervisor}', and trouble conditions; to alcrt Úie occu- (a) Two-Wire Supplies. A two-wire supply circuit shall be per-
pants; to summon appropriate aid; and to control fire safety mltted to be used for eítlier the primaiy operating power supply
functions. or the ti'oublc signa! power supply of thc signalíng systcm.
1-5.1.2 Eguipment. Equipment constmctcd and installed in (b) Three-^Ye Snpplies. A tlirec-wire ac or de supply circuit
conformity witb this cocle shall be listed for the purpose for havingacontinuous uniused neutral conductor, or apoljphase
which itis used. ac supply circuit having a contínuous uniused neutral conduc-
tor whereinteiTupdon of one phascdoes not preven t operation
1-5.1.3* Systcm Design. Fire alarm system plans an ti specifi- oftlie oüierphasc, shidl bepcmiittcd tobe used witb oneside
catíons shall be dcvelopedin accordance with tliís codcbyper- orphase for tlie primary ope.radngpower supply ancl tlie other
sons wbo are expen'enced in the proper design, application, side or phase for Üie trouble signal power supply of the fire
installation, and tcstíng of fire alarm. systems. The system alarm systcm,.
designer shall be idendfíed on the system design tlocuments.
Eviclence of qualifications shall be proviclcd when requested 1-5.2.5-2 Conncctions to the líght and power service shall be
by the authodty havingjurisdiction. on a dedicated branch circuit(s). The circuítís) ancl connec-
tions shall be mechanically protectcd. Circuit disconnectíng
1-5.1.4; Sysíemlnstallation. Jnstallation pcfsonncl shall be means shall have a red markíng, shall be accessible only to
supervised by persons who are qualifietl ancl experienced in authonzed personnel, and shall be identified as FIRE AlARiVl
thc installation, inspection, and Lestíng of fire alarm systems, CLRCUIT CONTROL. The locatíon of the circuit disconnect-
Examples of qualified personnel shall include, but not be lim- ing means shall be pennanently identiílcd at thc fire alarm
itecl to, the following: control uniL
f l ) Factor)' traincd and ccrtificd pcrsonncl 1-5.2.5.3 Ovcrcurrent J?rotectíon. An ovcrcurrcnt protcctive
(2) National institutc of Cer lili catión in Engineering Tech- device of suitable current-canying capacity and capable of
nologies (N1CET) fire alarm. leve! U certified personnel interrupting the máximum short-circuít cun-ent to which it
(3) Personnel licensed or certified by state or local auüiority maybc subject shall be providedin each ungroundccl conduc-
1-5,2 Power Supplies. tor. The overcurrent protective device shall be enclosecl in a
locked orsealed cabinet located immedintely adjacent to thc
1-5.2.1 Scopc. The provisions of this scctíon apply to power pointof connection to the light and power conductors.
supplies used for Iire alarm systems.
1-5.2-5.4 Circuit breakers or engine stops shall not be
1-5.2.2 Code Couformalice. All power supplies shall be installed in such a manner as to cut off die power for lightíng
installed in conformity witii thc requirements of NFPA. 70, or for operating elevators.
National Electñcal Code, for such equipment ancl witb the 1-5.2.6 Secondaíy Supply Capacity ancl Sources. The sec-
requirements indicatedin tbis subsection. ondaiy supply shall automatically supply Ule energ)'to the sys-
1-5.2.3* Power Sourccs. Fire alarm systems shall be provídetl tem wíthiu 30 seconds, and wiüiout loss of signáis, \vhcrevcr
\vithatleasttwoindependentandreliablepowersupplies, one tlie primar)' supply is incapable of províding the mínimum
primaiy and one secondary (standby), each of which shall be voltage requircci for proper operation. The sccondaiy
of adequate capacity for the applicatíon. (standby) power supply shall supply encrgy to the system in
Exceplion No. 1: \Vkere ihe pñmary power ts snpplied by a dedlcaíed the event of total failure of the primar)- (maiu) power supply
branch circidl of an emergency syslem in accordance wilh NJ'TA 70, or whcn the primaiy voltage drops to a level insuñícicnt to
NalionalElectñcal Code, Añide 700, ora legaüy reguired standby sys- maintain functionalit)' of the control equipment and system.
tem in accordance wilh NJfPA 70, NalionaUZteclrtcal Code, Arllcle components. Under máximum quiescent load (system. func-
tioning in a non-alarm condition), thc secondaiy supply shall
701, a secondary supply shall not be reqnired.
have sullicicnt capacitj- to opérate a protected premises, cen-
Exceptfan No. 2: TÍTímf thepñwary power is snpplied by a dedicated tral station, or proprietary system for 24 hours, or an auxiliaiy
branch circnil ofan oplionalslandby system ín accordance wilh NFPA or remote station system for 60 hours; und, at tlie end of tbnt
70, Naíionai Eléctrica!. Code, Añide 702, which also meéis Ihe perfor- períod, shall be capable of opcratíng all alarm notífícation
mance reqniremenls ofAríicle 700 orArlicte 701, asecondaiy snpply appliances used for evacuarían or to direct aicl to the locatdon
shall not be required. of an emergency for 5 minutes. Thc secondary power supply
\\Hiere dcvoltagesare employed, they sball belimited to no for emergency voice/alarm Communications service shall be
more than 350 volts above earth ground. capable of operating the systcm under máximum quiescent
1999EdItion
72-36 NATIONAL HRE ALARM GODE
"^ 500(46.5) /
space, but no greater dian 20 ft (6 m)
2-3.6.5' High Rack Stoi-age. Where smoke detectors are
ínstalled to actúate asupprcssion system, NFPA13, Standardfor
tu
0.
% 400 (37.2)
w
/
ih¿ Jnsiallation ofSpñnklerSysiems, sha!] apply. 300 (27.9) /
/
2-3.6.6 HignAir-Movemcnl Arcas,
200 (18.6) /
2-3.6.6.1 General. The purpose and scope of 2-3.6.6 shall be
to provide location and spacing guidance for smoke detectors ,-^- ^
100(9.3)
intended íbr early warning of fire in high air-movement áreas.
60 50 40 30 20 10 O
Exception: Deleclors prauidedfor íhe control of smoke spread are cov-
Air changes per hour
ered by the requiremenls qfSeclíon 2-10.
2-3.6.6.2 Location. Smoke detectors shall not be located 2-4 RadiantEnergy-SensmgíireDclectors.
directlyin tbe airstream of supply registers.
2-4.1* General. The purpose and scope of Section 2-4 shall
2-3.6.6.3* Spacing. Smoke detectorspacingshall be in accor- be to provide standards for the selectíon, location, and spac-
dance with Table 2-3.6.6.3 and Figure 2-3.6.6.3.
ing of fire detectors thatsense the radiantenergyproducedby
Exception: Áir-samplingorprojected beam smoke detectors ínstalled ni buraing substances. Thcse detectors are categorizcd as ñame
accordance with the manufacturéis documented instmctions. detectors and spark/ember detectors.
2-4.2* JFírc Cliaractcristics and Detector Sclection.
Table 2-3.6.6.3 Smoke Detector Spacing Base el onAir 2-4.2.1* The type and quantity of radiant energy-sensing fire
Movemení detectors shall be determinedbased on Üje peiibnnance char-
actenstícs of the detector and an analysis of the hazarcl, includ-
Spacing per Delector ing the burningcharacteristicsof the niel, di e fire growtli rate,
j.rjj-ij-1-iii.Liiii jjiii jiii Jlil \_lLUUlg l-a —
Üie enNáronment, tlie ambient conditions, and the capabilitíes
Change peí- Hour ft2 m3 of the extinguishing media and cquipmenL
1 60 125 11.61 2-4.2-2* Thcsclectíon of the radian t energy-sensing detectors
shall be based on the following:
2 30 250 23.23 (1) Matching of the spectral response of tlie detector to the
3 20 375 34.84 spectral emissions of the fire or fires to be detected
(2) Minimizing tlie possibilit)' of spunous nuisance alarais
4 15 500 46.45 íVorn non-fire sources inherent to the hazard área
5 12 625 58.06 2-4.3 Spacing Consideran"ons.
6 10 750 69.68 2-4.3.1 General Rtdes.
7 8.6 875 81.29 2-4.3.1.1* Radiant energy-sensing fire detectors shall be
employed consistent with the lisíing or approval and the
8 7.5 900 83.61 invcrse square law, which defines Üie fire size versus distance
curve for the detector.
9 6.7 900 83.61
2-4.3.1.2 Detector quantity shall be based on the detectors
10 6 900 83.61 being positíoned so thíit no poinL requiring cletectíoii in the
hazard área is obsüTicted or outside tbefield ofview of atleast
one detector.
2-4.3.2 Spacing Considcrations for FJamc Detectors.
2-4.3.2.1* The location and spacing of detectors shall be the
result of an cngineeríng evaluation tliat indudcs the following:
(1) Size of the fire that is to be detected
(2) Fuel involved
1999 Edilion
72-38 NATIONAL FTRE ALARívl CODE
1989Edlt1on
APPENDIXA 72-121
figure A-2-4.3.1.1 Nurmali'/ed fire síze TS. distance. Í6) Ultraviolet radiation írom are welding
(7) Electromagnetic interference (EM1, KFI)
16- (8) Hotobjecís
15- (9) Artificial lighting
14- A-2-4.3.2.3 The greater the angular displacement of tlie fire
13- ñ'om tlie optical axis of the detector, the larger the fire must
become before it is detected. This phenomenon establishes
12- the field of view of Üie detector. Figure A.-2-4.3.2.3 shows an
11 - example of Üie effectíve sensitivity versus angular displace-
(D
3 10-
ment of a flame detector.
<D I
ffl 9 -'
TI
Kgurc A-2-4.3.2.3 Normalized sensitmtyvs. angular displacement.
V o-
.tí 8 Distance and size Normal Angle of Incidence
Gritería íor appllcaüon
should fall Ir» shaded 0° with radiant
área. 15° power constan!
6-
30 30°
5-
45
4-
3- 60 60°
2-
1-
1 2 3 4 5
1.0 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0
Normalized distance between detector and (¡re
NormalÍ2ed dfstance
The curve defines the máximum distance at which the from detector
detector consistently detects a fire of defined size and fuel.
Deteclors sbonld be employed only in the shaded área abo ve A-2-4.3.2.4 Vírtually all radiant energy-sensing detectors
Ihc curve. exhibit some kintl of fuel specificity. it' burned at uniform
Under tlie best oí'conditíons, with no atmospheric absorp- rates fj/sec (W)L different fuels emit diñerent levéis of radi-
tion, the radiant power reaching the detector is reduced by a ant power in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrarecl poitions of
factor of 4 if the distance between the detector and the fire is the spectrum, Under free-burn conditions, a fire of given sur-
doublcd. For the consumptíon of tlic atmosphcric cxlinction, iacc arca but of difieren t fucls burns at dificrcnt i-ates Q/sec
die exponential term Zeta (Q is added to the equatíon. Zeta is (W)] and emits vai^ínglevéis of radiatíon in each of themajor
a measure ot' die clariLy of the air at tlie wavelength under coii- poitions of the spectrum. Most radiant energy detectors
sideration. Zeta is affcctcd by humidit)', dust, and any other designed to dctcct Jlame are qualíficd based on a defined fire
contaminants in the air that are absorbent at tlie wavelength under specific conditions. If einplo>ing these detectors for
inquestion. Zeta generally has valúes between -0.001 and-0.1 fuels other tlian the defined fire, Üie designer should makc
íbr normal ambient air. certain Üiat the appropriate adjustments to the máximum dis-
A-2-4.3.2.1 The following are types of applicatíon for which tance between the detector and d:e ííre are made consistent
flame detectors are suitable: with thc fucl spccifícity of the detector.
(1) High-ceiling, open-spaced buildings such as warehouses A-2-4.3.2.6 This requircment has been satisfice! by the follo\v-
and aircraí'L hangcrs ingmeans:
(2) Outdoor or semioutdoor arcas where winds or draughts (1) Lens clarity monitoiing and deaning whcre a contami-
can preven t smoke fi'om reacliing a neat or smoke detector nated lens signal is rendered
(3) Ai'eas where rapídly develop'mg llaming fíres can occur, (2) Lens air purge
such as aircraft hangars, petrochemical production áreas, The need to clean detector Windows can be reduced by the
storagc and Lransfer arcas, natural gas installatíons, paint provisión of air purge devices. These devices are not íbol-
shops, or solvent áreas proof, however, and are nota rcplaccmenLfor regular inspcC-
(4) Áreas needing high fire risk machinery or installatíons, tion and testing. Radiant enei^^sensing detectors should not
often coupled with an automatíc gas extinguishing system be placed in protectíve housings (íbr example, behind glass)
(5) Environments that are unsuitable for other types of to keep tliem clean, unless such housings are usted íbr the
detectors purpose. Some optical matenals are absorptive at Úie wave-
Some exü-aneous sources of radian t emissíons that have lengtlis used by tlie detector.
been itlentified as interfering \vith tbe stabilit)' of Üame detec-
tors includc Üic following: A-2-4.3.3.1 Spark/ember detectors are installed primarily to
detect sparks and embers that could, if allowed to continué to
(1) Sunlight bum, precipítate a much larger fire or explosión. Spark/
Í2) Lightning ember detectors are typicallymounted oa some fonri of duct
(3) X-rays or conveyor, monítoring the fuel as iL passes by. Usually, it is
(4) Gamma rays necessary to endose die portion of tlie conveyor where the
(5) Cosmicrays detectors arejocatecl, as Üiese devices generallyrequire a dark
1S39 Ediíion
72-122 NATIONAL FIRE ALARfvf GODE
en virón mcnL Extrancous sources of radian t cmissions that Excess pressure systems can be used with or without alann
Uave been identified as interfering with the stability of spark/ valves. The following is a description of one type of excess
cmbcr detccLors include the following: pressure system with an alann val ve.
An excess pressure system with an alnrm valve consists of an
O.) Amblentlight
excess pressure pump with pressure switches to control the
(2) Electromagnetic interference (EM1, RF1) operation of the pump. The inletof the pump isconnected to
(3) Electrostatíc discharge in the niel stream the supply sícle of tlic alarm A'alvc, and the outlet ís conncctcd
A-2-4.3.3.2 There is a mínimum igiiitíoa power (watts) íbr all to the sprinkler system. The pump control pressure switch is
combustible dusts. If the spark or ernber is incapable of deliv- of tlie differential type, maintaining tlie sprinkler system pres-
ering" that quan títy of power to the adjacent combustible mate- sure above the main pressure by a constant amounL Ánother
rial {dust), an expanding dust Jiro cannot occur. Tbe switch monitors low sprinkler system. pressure to initiate a
minimum ignítion power is detenniaedby the niel chemistry, supervisor}' signal in the event of a failure of the pump or
niel partí cíe size, niel concentratíon in air, and ambient con- other malfunction. An additional pressure switch can be used
ditions such as temperature and humidity. to stop pump operatíon in the event of a defíciencyin water
supply. Ánother pressure switch is connected to the alann out-
A-2-4-3.3.4 As Üie distancc between the fire and the detector let oftlie alann valve to initiate a waterflow alann signal when
increases, the radianL power reacbing Qie detector decrcases. waterflow exists. This typc of system also inherently prevents
K-eíer to A-2-4.3.1.1 for additional information. falsealarms due to water surges. The sprinkler retarcl chamber
A-2-4.3.3.5 The greater the angular displacement oí" the fire should be eliminated to enhance the cletectíon capability of
from die optical axis of tlie detector, the larger tlie fire must til e system for short durad o n Üows.
become before it is detected. This phenomenon establishes A-2-7 Alann initiation can be accomplished by devices that
tlie field of view of Üie detector. Figure A-2-4.3.2.3 shows an detect the following:
example of the eifective sensitivity versus angular displace-
ment of aflame detector. f 1)Flow of water m foam systems
(2) Pump activation
A-2-Í.3.3.6 This requirement has been satisfied by me follow- (3) Difíerential pressure
ing means: (4) Pressure (for example, clean agentsystems, carbón diox-
(1) Lens clarity moni to ring and dcaning where a contami- ide systems, and wet/dry chemical S)-5tems)
natcd lens signa! is rendered (5) Mechanical operadon of a reléase mechanism
(2) Lens airpurge A-2-8.2-4 Itis not the intent of 2-S.2.4 to require manual fíre
A-2-5-3 The performance characteristics of the detector and alann boxes to be attached to movcable partitíons or to equip-
the área into which it is to be installed síiould be evaluatcd to ment, ñor to require Lhe installarion of pennanent structures
minimice nuisance alarais or conditions Lhat would interfere for mounting purposes only.
\vith operatíon. A-2-8.3 Kecommended coded signal designatíons for build-
A-2-6.2 The waterflow device should be fíeld adjusted so that ings that have four floors and múltiple basements are pro-
analannisinitiatednomore thanBOsccondsaftcrasustamcd vided in Table A-2-8.3.
flow of atleast 10 gpm (40 L/nún).
Features that should be invcstigated to minimice alann Table A-2-8.3 Recommended Coded Signal Designatíons
response time include the following;
(1) Elimination of trappedairin the sprinkler system piping Locatíon Coded Signa]
(2) Use of an excess pressurc pump,
(3) Use of pressure drop alann-initiating devices
Fouilh floor 2-4
(4) A combination thereof Thírd Boor 2-3
Care should be used when choosing watcrilow alarm-initi-
atíng desees for hydraiilically calculated looped systems and Second floor 2-2
Lhost; systems usíng siiiall orífice sprinlders. Such sysLenis
First floor 2-1
might incorpórate a single pointflow of significantly less Üian
10 gpm f-iOL/min). In such cases, additional waterflow alarm- Basement 3-1
initíating clevices or the use of pressure drop-type waterflow
alarm-initiating desees mightbe necessary. Sub-basement 3-2
Care should be used when choosing waterflow alarm-imti-
atíngdcviccs for sprinkler systems that use on-off sprúiklers to A-2-10 Refer to NFPA 101®, LifeSafety CodP, for the defínition
ensure diat an alarm is inidated in the event of a waterflow of smokt; comparlmenl; NFPA. 90A, Standard for the hislallaiion of
conditíon. On-off sprinklers open at a pretletermined tem- Air CojKÜtioning and Venlilating Sysisins, for Üie defínition of
perature and cióse when tbe temperatura reaches a predeter-
mined lower temperature. Wiüi certain types of 15 res,
Irol Systtwis, for the dcfínitíon of smokezone.
wateiilow might occur in a series of short bursts of a duran" on
of 10 seconds to 30 seconds eacb. An alarm-ínitíadng device A-2-10.1 Smoke cletectors located in an open area(s) should
with retard might not detect wateiHow under these condi- be used raüier than duct-t>pe detectors because of dic düu-
tions, An excess pressure system or a system that operates on tion eftect in air ducts. Active smoke management systems
pressure drop should be consitlered to facilítate wateiHow installed in accordance with NFPA 92A, Recominended Pradice
cletectíon on sprinkler systems that use on-off spnnklers. for Smohe-Conlrol Systews, or NFPA 92B, Gnidefor Smoke Manage-
1999 Editlon
APPENDIXA 72-129
A-4-3.1.5 Volee intelligibilit}' should be measured in accor- A-4-3.2.2 In áreas where the background noise is generated by
dance witb. the guidelines in Annex A oflEC 60849, Second machiner)' and is fairly constan t, a írcquency analysis can be
Edición: 1998, SonndSysiemsJorEmergñncyPinposes.V3\itn tested warranted. It might be íbuud that the high sound levéis are
ín accordance with Annex B, Clause Bl, ot'JEC 60849, the sys- predomiuately in one or two frequency bandwiclths — often
tem should exceed the cquivalent ofa common intelligibilit)' lower frequencies. Fire alarm notíficatíon appliaoces procluc-
scale (GIS) score of 0.70. JLntelligibility is achicved when the ingsound in onc or two othcr frcquency bandwiclths can ade-
quantity /fllH, as specified in B3 of JffiC 60849, exceeds this quately penétrate the background noisc and provide
valué, /j ís the arithmetical average of the measured intelligi- notification. The system would still be designad to produce or
bility valúes on di e GIS and O" fsigma) is the standard deviation have a sound level at the particular frequency or frequency
of the resulte. bandwidth of at least 15 dB above tlie average ambient sound
level or 5 clB above the máximum sound level having a dura-
Objective means of detcrminingintelligibilit)' are found in tíon ofatleast60seconds,whicheveris greater.
1EC 60268, Fart 16, Second Edition: 1998, The Object'ae Raling luveryhigh noiseáreas,suchas theaters, dancehalls, night-
ofSpeech ínieüigibility fy Speech Tmnsmlsslon Index. Subject-based clubs, aod machine shops, sound levéis cluring occupicd times
tcchniques for mcasuring intelligibility are defíned by ANSÍ can be 100 dBA and higher. Peaksounds might be 110 clBA or
S3.2-1989, Melhodjor Measuñng the Jntelligibilily of Speech Oaer greater. At other occupied times, the sound level might be
Communications Systems. ANSÍ. S3.2-1989 should be consideretl below 50 dBA. A system designed to have a sound level of at
anacceptablealternativc to JSOTR4870 3 w[iei-e refercncedin least 15 dBA íibove the average ambient sound level or 5 dBA
IEG 60268, Part 16, Second Edition: 1998, The Objecthte Rating above the máximum sound level having a duratíon of at least
ofSpeech Jnielligibilily by Speech Transmission índex. 60 seconds might result in a required fírc alarm level in excess
of the máximum of 115 dBA A viable option is to reduce or
A-á-3.2 The typical average ambient sound level for the occu- elimínate the background noise. Froiessional theaters or other
entertainment venues can have roatl show connection panels
pancies specified in Table A-4-3.2 are intended onlyfor design
(rejer lo NFPA 70, National Eieclñcal Code, Seciion 520-50) for
guidance purposes.
ü'oupes to connect tlieir light and sound systems to. These
The typical average ambient sound levéis specified should power sources can be conü'olled by tlic íire alama system. In
not be iised in lieu of actual sound level measurernents. less formal applications, such as many nígbtclubs, designated
power circuíts could be controlled. DHigcnce needs to be exer-
ciscd to ensure that the controlled circuits are used.
Tablc A-4-3.2 Averagc Ambient Sound Level Accordiiig to Also, in occupancies such as machine shops or other pro-
Location cluction facilíties, care must be exercised in tlie design to
ensure that the removal of power to tlie noise source does not
Average Ambient Soirad créate some other hazard. As with other fire safcty functions,
Location Level (dBA) control circuits and relays would be monitored for integnty in
accordance with Chapters 1 and 3.
Business occupancies Appropriate audible signaling in high ambient noise áreas
is often difficult Áreas such as automotive assembly áreas,
Educational occupancies
machining áreas, paintspi-ay áreas, and so on, where the ambi-
Industrial occupancies ent noise iscausedby die inanufacturingprDcessitself require
specíal consideratíon. Adding additional audible notification
Instítuüonal occupancies appliances that merely contribute to thealreadynoisy en^ron-
ment might not be appropriate. Otlier aleiting techniques
Mercantil e occupancies such as visible notification appliances, for example, coukl be
Fiers and water-surrounded more effectively usecl.
structures A-4-4 The mountingheightof the appliances affects the distri-
Flaces of assembly 55 bution pattern and level of íllumination produced by an appli-
ance on adjacent surfaces. It is this pattern, or effect, that
Residencial occupancies 35 provides occupant notifícation by visible appliances. If
mounted too high, the pattern is larger, but at a lower level of
Storage occupancies 30 Íllumination (measured in lumenspersquare foot orfoot-can-
dles). Jf mounted too low, the Íllumination is greater
Thoroughfares, high density 70
urban (brighter), but the pattera is smaller and migbt not overlap
correctlywiüi that of adjacent appliances.
Thoroughfares, médium, den- A qualifíed designer could choose to present calculations
sity urban to an authorit)' ha\ingjuríscliction showing thatitis possible to
use a inounting hcigbt gi-cater Üian 96 in. or less than 80 in.
Thoroughfares, rural and 40 providedan equivalentlevel ofilluminatíon is achieved on the
suburban acljacent surfaces. This can be accomplished by using listed
Tower occupancies 35 hígher intensíty appliances or doser spacing, or boíli.
Engineeiing calculations should be prepared by qualified
Underground s truc tures and 40 persons and shouldbe submitted to the authority havingjuris-
windowless buildiugs diction showinghowtheproposedvariation achieves the same
or greater level ofilluminatíon provided by the prescriptive
Vehicles and vessels 50 rcquiremcnts of Section 4-4.
lesa Edltion
72-188 NATIONAL FIRE ALARM GODE
B-5.1.3 When a ftiel molecule is oxidúed in the combustión B-5.1.5.2 AnibientRadianíAbsorbance. The médium ílirough
proccss, the combustión intermedíate molecule must lose which racliant energy passes from lire source to detector has a
energ>f to become a stable molecular species. This energy is finite transmittance. Transmittance is usually quantifíed by its
emitted as a pboton with a unique wavelength determined by reciproca!, absorbance. Absorbance by atmospheric species var-
the following equation: íes witli wavelength. Gaseous species absorb at the sanie wave-
Icngllis that thcy cmiL Paiticulate species can transmit, rcflect,
or absorb racliant emission and the propoilion Üiatis absorbed
is expressed as tlie reciprocal of its emisávity, £.
B-5.1.5.3 Coiiíainination of OjjticálSurfaces. Radian.t energy
where: can be absorbed or reflected by materials contaminating the
óptica! surfaces of radiaut energy-sensing detectors. The
designer should evalúate the potential for surface contami-
e = energy (joules) nación and implementprovisions for keeping these surfaces
h = Plank's constant (6.63E-23joule-sec) deán. Extreme cautíon must be employed when considering
c = speed of light (m/sec) the use of surrogate Windows. Common glass, acrylic, ancl
?^ = wavclcngth (microns) otber glazing materíals are opaque at die wavelengths used
[1.0 joule = 5.0345E+18ÍX,), where X. is measured in by most ñame detectors and somc spark/embcr detectors.
microns.] Placing a winciow between thc detector and che hazard área
that has not been listed by a nationally recognizecl testing
B-5.1.4 The choice of the typc of radiant energy-sensing laboratoiy (NRXL) for use witli the detector in qucstion is a
detector to use is determined by the type of emissions that are violación of the detector listíng and will usually result in a sys-
expectedfrom the fire radiator. tem Üiat is incapable of detectíng a fíre in the hazard área.
B-5.1.4.1 Fuels that produce a fíame, a streamof combustible B-5.1.5.4 These factors are importan t for several reasons.
or Üamrnable gases involved in the combustión reaction with First, a radiation sensor ís pnmanly a line-of-sight dexice, and
a gaseous oxidizer, radíate quantum emissions, These fuels must^see1* the firc source. If there are other radiación sources
include flammable gases, flammable líquids, combustible liq- in Üie área, or if atmospheric condítions are such that a large
uids, and solicls that are burning with a flame. fraction of tlie radiation coulti be absorbed in the atmosphere,
B-5.1.4.2 Fuels that are oxidizcd in thc solid phasc or radia- tlie type, location, and spacing of die sensors could be
tors tliat are emítting due to their internal temperature afi'ected. In addition, Üie sensors react to spccifíc wavelengths,
(sparks and embers) radiate Plankian emissions. These fuels and thc fuel must emit radiation in the sensor's bandwidth.
include carbonacious fuels such as coal, charcoal, woocl, and For example, an infrared detección device witli a single sensor
cellulosic fibcrs that are burning without an establishecl Eame, tunecí to 4.3 microns (the CO2 emission peak) cannot be
as well as metáis that have been heated due to meclianical expected to detect a non-carbon-based fíre. Furthermore, tlie
impacts and friction. sensornecds tobeable toresporidreliably within therequircd
time, especially when activating an explosión supprcssion sys-
B-5.1.4.3 Almost all combustión events produce Plankian tem or similar fast-response extinguishing or conn'ol system.
emissions, emissions tliat are the result of the tbermal energy
in the fuel mass. Therefore, spark/ember detectors that are B-5.1.6 Detector Response Model. The response of radiant
clesigned to detect Lhese emissions are not fuel specific. Fíame energ>'-sensing detectors is modeled with a moclifíed in verse
detectors detect quantum, emissions that are the result of squarc relationship as shown in the foliowing equation [5]:
changes in molecular structure and energy state in the gas
phase. These emissions are uniquely associated witli particular
kPe~
molecular structures. This can result ín a flame detector that (32)
is vcry fuel specific.
B-5.1-5 Affects of Ambieut. The choice of radiant energy-
sensing detector is also limited by the affect of amblen t concli- where:
tions. The design must take into account the radiant en erg)'
absorption of the atmosphere, preseace of nonfire-related S = radiant power reaching the detector (W) suffi-
radiation sources that might cause nuisance alanns, thc clcc- cient to produce ularm response
tromagnetic energy of thespark, ember, orfire tobe detectcd, k = proportionalit)' constant for the detector
Üie distance from tlae fire source to the sensor, and character-
isrics of tlie sensor. P — mdiartt power cmittcd by thc firc (W)
t, = extinction coefficíent of air at detector operating
B-5.1.5.1 AmbientNon-Fire Radiators. Most ambients con- wavelengths
tain non-fíre radiators that can emit at wavelengths used by
racliant energy-sensing detectors for fíre detección. The d = distance between the fíre and the detector
designer should make a thorough evaluation of the ambient This relationship models tliefire as apoint source radiator,
to identify radiators tliat have the potential for producing of uniform racliant oucput per steradian, sorne distance (d)
unwarranted alarm response from radiant energy-sensiiig from the detector. This relationship also models the effect of
detectors. Since radiant energy-sensing detectors use elec- absorbance by the air between the 11 re and the detector as
tronic components that can act as antennas, the evaluation being a uniform extinction function. The designer rmist vcrify
should include radio band, microwave, infrared, visible, and that these modeling assumptions are valia for the applicatíon
ultravioleL sources. in question.
1999 Edííion
ANEXO C
INFORMACIÓN
TÉCNICA
DETECTOR DE FLAMA
CARACTERÍSTICAS
Los detectores de fuego UV/IRS-A & UV/IRS-AR responden a las longitudes de onda de ia radiación de 185 a 260 nanómetros
(1850 a 2600 angstrons) y el rango de 4.4 mieras. La Figura 5 ilustra el rango de sensibilidad y compara este rango a otras formas
de radiación. Note que radiación UV que alcanza la tierra del sol no extiende en el rango de sensibilidad del detector, ni hace
radiación de la iluminación artificial normal, como fluorescente, vapor del mercurio y lámparas incandescentes.
Los ajustes están hechos poniendo el interruptor DIP en el lado del módulo interior. Las calibraciones de fábrica están 5 segundos
de retraso de tiempo en 24 lecturas (cps). Las tablas 1, 2 y la Fig.6 ilustran los settings de sensibilidad y de retraso así como la
figura indica la localización del del Interruptor DIP cuando se encuentra en funcionamiento.
100
SENSIBILIDAD
RFI-ATtVA
DEL DETECTOR
50
SENSIBILIDAD
RELATfv'ADc
SUMINISTRO
DF I.U7 FLMM DE GAS,
100 2GO 300 400 500 600 700 ¿00 300 1000
WAVELENGTmNM)
Ft'g.5.- Rango de Sensibilidad del Detector comparado con otras formas de radiación.
Swiích 1 Switch 2
Scounis (cps} ON ON
16 counts (cps) ON OFF
24 counts (cps) OFF ON
32 counts (el cps} OFF OFF
OFF
CONMOCIONES EXTERNAS
VI TEST- (OPCIONAL) operador manual
V! si es usado, desconecte
4-2GmA- señai de saüda
-24Vdc- señal de salida
Green +24Vdc- entrada de potencia
Rué JB4-UV-T-ASSY
Biarf; Junction Box
con conectar acoplado
NOTA:
No montar los detectores UV/IR cerca del techo de edificios donde el humo podría acumularse antes que cese la llama. Es
preferible montar los detectores en las paredes algunos pies (aproximadamente 1 metro) debajo del techo dónde puede
responder antes de que se obscurezca el área por el humo. Se recomienda acortar el setiíng de alarma cuando exista
acumulación de humo durante un fuego. Si es probable que el humo denso aumente a prior para arder (como en un incendio
eléctrico), suplemente los detectores UV/IR con otra protección. Tener presente al montar los detectores, que el lente no este
dirigido hacia fuentes de falsa alarma.
INCORRECTO
RESPUESTA AL FUEGO
Corriente, Relay & Condiciones de Salida LED.- La corriente DC de salida 4-20mA DC transmite la información del sistema a
otros dispositivos. La corriente de salida puede cablearse por funcionamiento no-aislado. La corriente de salida puede tener
una resistencia externa máxima de 600 Ohms en 10.5 a 32Vdc. La Tab]a3 muestra los niveles de corriente de salida para
varias condiciones. La Tabla 4 muestra las condiciones LED durante varios estados de funcionamiento.
OmA
Cortocircuito ó perdida de potencia
Fracaso en prueba automática ó manual def v¡. Falta de relay activo en UV/IRS-
2mA
AR
4mA
Operación normal
6mA
Fuente de UV de fondo
8mA
Fuente de [R de fondo
10mA
Prueba manual del vi (adecuada) limpie todas las superficies ópticas
11mA
Prueba manual del vi (buena) las superficies ópticas están moderadamente limpias
12mA
Prueba manual del vi (excelente) todas las superficies ópticas están limpias
16mA
Alarma instantánea
20mA
Fuego detectado. Relay de fuego activo en UV/IRS-AR
Tabla 3- Condiciones de Comente de Salida
Estado LED Verde Amarillo Rojo
Fuego Intermitencia
MANTENIMIENTO RUTINARIO
Los detectores de fuego UV/IRS-A & UV/IRS-AR no requieren ninguna calibración periódica. Para mantener la sensibilidad
máxima, el lente y el reflector debe limpiarse en una rutina básica que depende del tipo y cantidad de contaminantes en el
área.
El alojamiento del empaque en el lente del detector se usa para evitar la entrada de agua. Este alojamiento debe abrirse
periódicamente y lente inspeccionado para descansos o sequedad. Para probar el lente, quítelo del detector que aloja y estírelo
ligeramente. Si los crujidos son visibles, el lente debe reemplazarse. Cuando se reinstale, asegúrese que este propiamente
situado en su lugar.
SOLUCIONANDO PROBLEMAS
El vi automático (integridad visual) ofrece chequeos continuos al detector para la respuesta correcta. Si se descubre un
problema, la Tabla 3 muestra ios niveles de corriente de salida para varias aplicaciones.
Los detectores de flama UV/ÍRS-A & UV/IRS-AR no se diseñan para ser reparados por el cuente en el campo. SÍ un problema
se desarrolla, primero revise cuidadosamente el conexionado apropiado y la programación. SÍ es determinado que el problema
se causa por un funcionamiento defectuoso eléctrico, la unidad debe devolverse a la fábrica para la reparación.
DETECTOR DE GAS
DESCRIPCIÓN
SensorGuard(UnÍ-Tran LEL) +
Indicadores LED *
Las pruebas *
La calibración no-intrusa *
CARACTERISTICAS
PRECACUCION: POR RAZONES DE SEGURIDAD ESTOS EQUIPOS DEBEN OPERARSE Y REPARARSE SOLAMENTE
POR PERSONAL CALIFICADO. LEA Y ENTIENDA COMPLETAMENTE EL MANUAL DE INSTRUCCIONES ANTES DE
OPERARLO O UTILIZARLO.
ESPECIFICACIONES
Voltaje de Operación:
10.5 a 32Vdc medidos en los terminales del
Potencia de Consumo:
2.8 vatios nominal, 78mA nominal
3.4 vatios máximo, 110mA máximo
• Temperatura de funcionamiento:
-40°C a +75"C (-40T a +1670F)
• Rango de Detección:
O a 100% LEL de metano o propano.
• Exactitud:
± 3% LEL sobre un 50% LEL,
± 5% LEL sobre un 50% LEL.
Tiempo de Respuesta a 90% (100% LEL
aplicado):
Menos de 30 segundos
• Tiempo de respuesta a baja alarma típica
(100% GAS aplicado):
3 segundos
Corriente de salida:
4 a 20 mA dentro de una resistencia máxima de
800 Ohms @ 32Vdc
4 a 20 mA dentro de una resistencia máxima de
1500hms@10.5Vdc.
Figura 1- Dimensiones de JBdef dotador
• Dimensiones:
Refiérase a la Figure!.
• Peso:
5.28 libras (2.4 kilogramos).
• Garantía;
3 años en la parte electrónica del sensor
LOCALIZACÍÓN DE SENSORES
No hay ninguna regla definitiva para determinar la cantidad y localízación de detectores de gas para proteger cualquier
facilidad particular. Localice ios sensores cuidadosamente en todas las áreas dónde el escape de gas puede esperarse y
donde es necesario detectar la presencia de gas no deseado. Use la redundancia dónde se requiere Habilidad ó protección
mejorada. La luz de los gases como el metano tienden a subir mientras los gases pesados como el propano tienden a
aumentar en las áreas bajas. Busque consejos de expertos que conocen las características del gas detectado, modelos de
movimiento aéreos y la facilidad. Use e) sentido común y refiérase a varias publicaciones que discuten las pautas generales
para su industria.
MONTAJE
La caja debe orientarse de tal forma que el sensor esté en el lado-bajo de la caja. Use un sello conduit y un conduít
respectivo para cablear con el fin de prevenir ingreso de agua o condensación a la caja a través del conduit o su adecuada
conección.
CONECCIONADO
Refiérase a los códigos de instalación eléctrica aplicables cuando vaya a instalar y cablear el UNI-TRAN-SIR100 LEL.
Después del cableado en el campo se ha conectado cuidadosamente según Fig. 3 & 4 REVISE QUE LOS CABLES
CORRECTOS SE CONECTEN A LOS TERMINALES CORRESPONDIENTES Y LOS NIVELES DE VOLTAJE NO EXCEDAN
LAS ESPECIFICACIONES.
La versión Premium con display aifanumérico proporciona una variedad de comandos en el idioma inglés (otros idiomas
disponibles) a través del display para suplementar las secuencias LED y ayudar al operador.
SIR100
LEL Sensor
To Monitor
Figura 3,- Diagrama Coneccion Terminales UNI-TRAN para
Rendimiento actual Non-Isolated
*C4vEC 'Oí
C) -
U
SÍR100
i r— i r-* •ll"' '""•' ( > lo
LEL Sensor
l
u 1-T3 DJÍ
1 "0 To Monitor
cc"n"
+ -
Uni-Tran
- To Monitor
SIR100
SENSOR
Puede esperarse que la vida del sensor del SIR100 exceda 5 años.
La respuesta del sensor puede deteriorar muy lentamente sobre un período de años, dependiendo de la exposición a factores
medioambientales. Si la calibración se pone imposible por cualquier razón, la salida analógica cambiará repetidamente entre
S.OmA y 3.3mA. Los estados de luz LED rojo / verde. Instale un nuevo sensor de SIR100 y re-calibre.
TABLA DE RESPUESTAS
La siguiente tabla de respuesta es utilizada para la calibración del detector, a pesar de que ya de la fábrica viene
calibrado, sin embargo debe inspeccionarse de 3 a 6 meses, si es necesario se calibra.
ESPECIFICACIONES
Tamaño
Altura: 2.4 pulgadas (6.1 cm)
Diámetro: 4.0 pulgadas (lü.lcm)
Peso: 0.6 Ib. (277g)
Rango de Temperatura de funcionamiento: 0 0 a+49 0 C(32 0 a120 0 F)
Rango de Humedad que opera: 10" a 93% Humedad Relativa sin-con densa ció n
ESPECIFICACIONES
CABLEADO
Las conexiones del alambre son hecho despojando aproximadamente 3/8" (1cm) el aislamiento del fin de cada alambre,
resbalando el fin desnudo del alambre bajo el plato de la alerta, y apretando el tornillo del plato para sujetarlo. Use las medidas
de la tira amoldadas en el interior y parte inferior de la base para la facilidad de alambrar a los terminales enírel -5 y a los
terminales entre 12-14, respectivamente como se ve en Ja fíg2.
Este sensor debe probarse y debe mantenerse siguiendo regularmente los requerimientos de NFPA 72. Para la respectiva
prueba desactive la zona o sistema que está en mantenimiento para prevenir alarmas no deseadas.
Los detectores deben probarse después de la instalación y el mantenimiento periódico. Los 1451A pueden probarse como
sigue:
1. Ponga el imán contra la tapa opuesta al enchufe de módulo de prueba. (Vea Figura 3).
2. Los LEDs en el detector deben activarse dentro de 30 segundos.
3. Restablezca el detector al panel de control del sistema.
Los detectores que fallan estas pruebas deben limpiarse como se describe bajo un MANTENIMIENTO adecuado. Si los
detectores todavía fallan estas pruebas éstos deben volverse para reparación respectiva.
MANTENIMIENTO
Este sensor debe limpiarse por lo menos una vez por año.
SPRINKLERS
DATOS TÉCNICOS
NA _ Ángulo Estrecho
MA _ Ángulo Medio
WA_ Ángulo Ancho
LT _ Tiro Largo
F _ Tipo Llano
PRINCIPIOS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO
El sprinkier es el método más eficaz de aplicar el agua en cosas de alto riesgo como son toda la maquinaria de las
diferentes áreas de proceso instaladas en la planta (compresores de gas, hornos de CO2, condensadores, separadores.ecí..) .
La boquilla del sprinkier proporciona una velocidad alta del spray direccíonal. Se diseña para prevenir dispersión de descarga
antes de que alcance la superficie a ser protegida.
Los Tipos de mecanismos de las Boquilla de rocío aptos para extinguir un fuego pueden ser una combinación de lo
siguiente factores, dependiendo del riesgo.
1. El extracto de calor del fuego absorbe el agua y es convertido en vapor asta anularse la combustión.
2. Los niveles de oxígenos reducidos por el vapor de agua que cambian la cantidad de oxigeno cerca del fuego;
3. La dilución de vapores inflamables debido a que el vapor de agua evita el contacto de los vapores del combustible
con el oxígeno del aire.
4. La intrusión directa mojando y refrescando los combustibles; y,
5. Envolviendo del área protegida de los combustibles, gases frescos y otros combustibles en el área, así como para
bloquear el traslado de calor radiante a los combustibles adyacentes,
Existen datos representativos para las características de tamaño de gota del spray (rocío) a cierta presión así como, se
proporcionan los gráficos de cuenta cumulativa y el volumen cumulativo, como un por ciento de volumen total, como una
función de diámetro de la gota, (ver anexo 3). El tamaño de las gotas tiende a disminuir ligeramente con la presión creciente.
Una de las características físicas para el caso de los sprinkier utilizados para este sistema en cuanto se regiere a las
dimensiones de estos podemos observar en la fig. 3 donde nos muestra una gráfica de del modelo con sus variables y a lado
muestra una tabla de valores para los diferentes tipos del modelo WA utilizado en las diferentes zonas sprinkier.
PHISICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DIMENSIONS
NOZZLE
NUMBER A B C D
kler
Jl 10WA 2 3/16 1 3/16 1 1 17/32
14WA 2 3/16 1 3/16 1 1 17/32
Con los sprinklers no sólo se evita el incendio, también se 29WA 3 3/8 2 11/26 1 1/4 1 15/16
necesitan menos extintores y muros corta-fuego, por lo tanto:
Es necesario que el suministro de todos los líquidos inflamables o combustibles que producen llama se termine
automáticamente en la activación del sistema.
Tener limpia la cubierta del sprinkier, de el polvo, insectos, u otras ruinas aerotransportadas que podrían hallarse dentro
de la boquilla las cuales evitan el funcionamiento apropiado.
Fuegos que involucran líquidos inflamables o sólidos son normalmente rápidos, violentos y tercos de extinguir. Lo que
con los métodos ordinarios de protección de fuego no son eficaces.
CRITERIO DE APLICACIONES
La aplicación del compartimiento total, pre-diseño de agua llovizna diluvio sistemas que utilizan el auto-spray son
convenientes para el uso en la protección de espacio de la maquinaria y los compartimientos que contienen líquidos
inflamables que son procesos de alto riesgo, es decir fuegos de Clase incidental A combustibles y Clase B líquidos
inflamables o combustibles que representan un riesgo más severo como:
Artefactos de ia combustión interna estacionarios alimentados por gasolina o aceite del diesel como tenemos las
Bombas, tuberías de conducción de estos combustibles, etc.
Líquidos combustibles gaseosos que contienen las diferentes máquinas asi como las tuberías que conducen
estos a altas presiones.
Procesos que usan los líquidos inflamables o combustibles, en este caso todos los procesos que involucran el
la estación de gas.
ESPECIFICACIONES:
El Tamaño del compartimiento:
El volumen máximo:
45.203 ft3
(1.280 m3)
La altura del Techo máxima de 26.3 ft ( 8 m } .
La Presión de la boquilla
mínimo 185 psi (12,8 barra).
máximo 250 psi (17,2 barra).
La Orientación de la boquilla
Pendiente (verticalmente descendente).
Resistencia a la corrosión:
Las Boquillas sólo serán usadas en los ambientes para que; el acero stainless ausieniíic usado para las boquillas
El techo, paredes, y suelo del compartimiento deben ser los materiales non-combustibles, definido por NFPA, o tiene una
resistencia de fuego que no está menos de la duración de suministro de agua especificada mínima.
El Suministro de agua:
El suministro de agua debe ser suficiente y proporcionar a la boquilla desde la presión mínima fluida de 185 psi (12.3bar)
Las bombas y directores de la bomba deben conformar a los requisitos aplicables de NFPA 20.
Los tanques de agua deben conformar a los requisitos aplicables de NFPA 15.
Un mínimo de 3 boquillas de repuesto será mantenido en cada zona sprinkler del por seguridad para casos de mal
CRITERIOS DE INSTALACIÓN
Antes de a la instalación, cada cañería o sección del tubo será limpiado internamente, ejecutando un trapo limpio, esponja,
u otro material del absorbente abajo a través de él, como necesitado reunir los requisitos de limpieza interiores de NFPA 750.
Antes de instalar Jas boquillas, deben cerrarse todas las válvulas de las tuberías del sistema de llovizna de agua, así
como cualquier pertenencia adjunta sujeto al sistema la presión activa, para ser hidrostáticamente probado a 150% de la
presión activa normal y, esa presión será mantenida sin la pérdida durante 2 horas.
Antes de instalar comprobar que el diámetro de las boquillas sea igual al de la tubería de la instalación en donde van a ir
ubicados los sprinkiers. En este caso las boquillas van a ir ubicados en una tubería de 1" de diámetro.
CUIDADO Y MANTENIMIENTO
El cuíilnilo ¡labe KJtrczrstptmi evitar e¡ tlnño tía. liis boquillas ambos tintes y después lie tu Instiilnaóii.
Los sistemas para el servicio de protección de fuego requieren cuidado regularmente fijado por personal de mantenimiento
especializado. Se recomienda que las Boquillas de los sprinkiers se inspeccionen periódicamente del polvo , obstrucciones, u
otra evidencia de protección dañada. Las inspecciones deben fijarse frecuentemente por lo menos anualmente, si es necesario
acción inmediatamente se realizarán como intencional en caso de un fuego. Se recomienda que los sistemas sprinkiers fijos
para protección de fuego se inspeccione por un Servicio de la Inspección calificado.
Las conexiones del sistema instalados bajo tierra serán vaciado por [o menos anualmente. A una proporción de flujo no
menos de la proporción de demanda de agua del sistema. El funcionamiento de vaciado será continuado durante un tiempo
suficiente para asegurarla limpieza completa.
Después de cada funcionamiento del sistema, cada Boquillas serán quitadas para limpieza de la boquilla, a menos que
observaciones bajo las condiciones de flujo o para inspección de un método de muestreo, será necesario quitar e inspeccionar
la boquilla al principio de cada línea de la rama o a ambos fines de cada línea de la rama.
Para el sistema con un suministro de agua de mar natural, el sistema conduciendo por tuberías será vaciado a través de las
boquillas con el agua potable a las 185psi (12,8bar) el mínimo, durante por lo menos 30 segundos, después de cada
funcionamiento del sistema.
Antes de cerrar el sistema de una protección de fuego, la válvula del mando principal para el trabajo de mantenimiento en el
sistema de la protección de fuego que controla, debe obtenerse el permiso para cerrar el sistema de la protección de fuego
afectada de las autoridades apropiadas y debe notificarse todo el personal que pueden ser inbolucrados por esta acción.
UNIDAD DE MANTENIMIENTO
El filtro, el regulador y el fabricador componen una unidad compacta. Posee un elevado caudal y una muy buena retención de
partículas nocivas. Buena característica de control con y tina baja histérísis. Dispositivo de bloqueo de la presión incorporado
los componentes del sistema desempeñan iliferentes funciones los cuales yodemos definir caila uno tle estos:
FILTRO.:
Cartucho filtrante
E! cartucho filtrante con separador de agua elimina la suciedad, los óxidos y el agua de condensación contenidos en
el aire comprimido. Este tipo podemos observar en la fig 11.
1.- Dos tipos:
- con evacuación manual del condensado .
- cqn evacuación automática e integrada del condensado.
hasta +60°C
3:- Presípnes:
-Presión primaria: hasta 16 bar
- Presión secundaria; hasta 7 bar - Hasta 12 bar
4.- Caudal:
- Desde 800 hasta 5300 l/min
5.- Accesorios:
Escuadrada de fijación.
Distribuidor de aire a presión.
REGULADORES DE PRESIÓN
Regulador de presión
La figura muestra el reguiador de presión con vacuación del aire del circuito secundario se encarga de mantener la presión
de funcionamiento, independientemente de las oscilaciones que sufra la presión en ia red.
Ofrece la posibilidad de montarse en panel. Con sistema de bloqueo de presión.
LUBRICADORES
El lubricador podemos observar en la figura, éste dosifica una niebla de aceite ai aire a presión.
1.- Temperaturas:
- desde -10"C hasta +60°C
2.-Ace¡tes recomendados para utilizar en los unidades de mantenimiento Fesío:
-Aceite especial de Festo, Tipo OFSW-32
- Esso Ñuto 32
- Shell Tellus Oil DO 32
-Mobil DTE24
3.- Caudales:
- desde 1300 l/mín (Conexión G1/8)
- hasta 9000 I/min (Conexión G1)
4- Accesorios:
Escuadrada de fijación.
Distribuidor de aire a presión.
Entonces para la aumentación neumática de las soleniodes de las electrovalvulas físher , para cada manífold existe un tubíng
(tubo pequeño) de alimentación desde la caseta de compresores y refrigerantes. Y ubicado por lo tanto una unidad de
mantenimiento para cada manífild.
ZONA1
DETECCIÓN:
DETECTORES DE FLAMA
FD1 »1 / cobertura de compresor de gas # 2 y # 3.
FD1-2 / cobertura de compresor de gas # 1 y #2.
FD1-3 / cobertura de hornos de CO2, membrana de CO2 y separador de
entrada.
FD1-4 / cobertura de caseta de almacenamiento de líquidos.
DETECTORES DEGAS
GD1-1 / cobertura de skid de almacenamiento de líquidos.
GD1-2 / cobertura de compresor de gas#1.
GD1-3 / cobertura de compresor de gas #2.
GD1-4 / cobertura de compresor de gas #3,
GD1-5 / cobertura de skid del separador de entrada.
GD1-6 / cobertura de skid nuevo horno de CO2.
GD1-7 / cobertura de skid horno de C02.
EXTINCIÓN:
MANIFOLD#2
V2-1 / cobertura skid generador 2.
V2-2 / cobertura skid generador 1.
V2-3 / cobertura skid compresor de gas #3.
V2-4 / cobertura skid compresor de gas #2.
V2-5 / cobertura skid compresor de gas #1.
V2-6 / cobertura caseta almacenamiento de líquidos.
Todas estas válvulas direccionadas a sus respectivas zonas de sprinkiers.
Adicionalmente a las zonas de sprinkiers, existen hidrantes automáticos
direccionables: HY1-1 y HY1-2
ZONA 2
DETECCIÓN:
DETECTORES DE FLAMA
FD2-1 / cobertura lado este de skid de proceso y skid refrigerante.
FD2-2 / cobertura lado este de skid de compresor refrigerante A y B.
FD2-3 / cobertura lado este de skid de proceso y condensador de propano.
FD2-4 / cobertura de tanque de propano y aledaños.
FD2-5 / cobertura de skid de generadores y aledaños.
DETECTORES DEGAS
GD2-1 / cobertura lado este de skid área de procesos.
EXTINCIÓN:
MANIFOLD#1
V1-1 / cobertura compresor refrigerante B.
V1-2 / cobertura compresor refrigerante A.
V1-3 / cobertura skid refrigerante.
V1-4 / cobertura skid área de procesos.
ZONAS
DETECCIÓN:
DETECTORES DE GAS
GD3-1 / cobertura cuarto de operadores.
GD3-2 / cobertura cuarto de control.
DETECTORES DE HUMO
SD3-1 / cobertura cuarto de operadores.
SD3-2 / cobertura cuarto de control.
ANEXO E
PLANOS
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