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Analisis Estructural Ii - Porticos
=
K21 K22 u2
ANALISIS DE LA BARRA
∫ N∂x = ∫ EA∂u
Nx= EA u + C ] de 0 a L
Cuando X = 0
N (0) = EA u1+ C C = -EA u1
cuando X = L
NL = EA u2+ C
NL = EA u2 + ( -EA u1 )
N= (EA/L) * (u2-u1)
F2 = - F1
F1 = EA/L (u1 -u2 )
F2 = EA/L (-u1 + u2 )
1 -1 u1
EA/L
-1 1 u2
1 -1
K = EA/L
-1 1
U = 1/2 ∫ σ Ɛ dV = 1/2 A ∫ (E Ɛ ) Ɛ dx
σ = EƐ
E constante A constante
U = 1/2 EA ∫ Ɛ ² dx
U = 1/2 EA ∫ ( du/∂x)² dx
u1 u2
u(x)
x
u ( x ) = u1 +( ( u2 - u1 )/L )* X
cuando x = o u(o) = u1
cuando x= L u(L) = u2 OK
u ( x) = ( 1- x/L ) u1 + u2 x/L
K 11 K12
K21 K22
u ( x) = ( 1- x/L ) u1 + u2 x/L U =
K 11 =
K 11 =
K 12 =
K 12 =
K 22 =
K 22 =
K 21 =
K 21 =
1 -1
K = EA/L
-1 1
N = F1
F1
U = 1/2 ∫ (N ²/EA) dx
a ij = ∂² U /∂Fi ∂Fj
∂ U /∂F1 = 1/2 ∫ 2 (F1 /EA) dx
∂² U /∂F1 ∂F1 = ( L/ EA )
a11 = ( L/ EA )
LEYES DE EQUILIBRIO
Ʃ Fx = 0
σy + ( ∂σy/∂y) dy
Ƭ yx + ( ∂Ƭxy/∂y) dy
Ƭ xy + ( ∂Ƭxy/∂x) dx
σx dy σx +( ∂σx/∂x) dx
Ƭ xy
Ƭ yx
σy
dx
Ʃ Fx = 0
Ʃ Fy = 0
∂Ƭyx/∂x+( ∂σy/∂y) + by = 0 (2)
Ƭ xy = Ƭ yx
PRINCIPIO DE SUPERPOSICION
CAUSA EFECTO
Pa Δa
Pb Δb
Pa + Pb
Pa + Pb
Pb Pb
Pa Pa
CAUSA EFECTO
Pa Δa Pb Δa = Pa Δb
Pb Δb
1
i +ji
+ij 1
j j
RIGIDEZ Y FLEXIBILIDAD
KΔ = F
Rigidez : Es la fuerza requerida para producir un desplazamiento unitario
u1 u2
N = k ( u2 - u1 )
N N F1, u1
F( vectorial)
F1 = K ( u2- u1 ) magnitud ( - por la direccion )
F2 = K ( u2- u1 ) (+ coincide con dirección )
K -K u1
=
-K K u2
Matriz de Rigidez Desplazamiento
K1 K2 K3
columna ( 01)
u1 = 1 u2=0 u3=0 u4 =0
F1 = K1 K11
F2= -K1 K21
F3= 0 K31
F4= 0 K41
Columna ( 02)
u1 = 0 u2=1 u3=0 u4 =0
f1= K1 K1
K2 K2
F1 = -K1 K12
F2 = K1 + K2 K22
F3 = -K2 K32
F4 = 0 K42
Columna ( 03)
u1 = 0 u2=0 u3=1 u4 =0
K2
K2
K3 K3
F1 = 0 K13
F2 = - K2 K23
F3 = K2 + K3 K33
F4 = - K3 K43
Columna ( 04)
u1 = 0 u2=0 u3=0 u4 =1
K3 K3
F1= 0 K14
F2=0 K24
F3= - K3 K34
F4= K3 K44
K1 -K1 0 0
K= -K1 K1 + K2 - K2 0
0 -K2 K2 + K3 - K3
0 0 - K3 K3
F1, u1
A( x ) = A1 + ( A2 - A1 )/L x
A1 A2
L U = ∫ ( N²/2EA) dx
N = -F1
x
a ij = ∂² U /∂Fi ∂Fj
a 11 = ∂² U /∂F1 ∂F1 = ∫ dx/EA
a 11 = 0.84118 L/EA2
K11 = 1.1888 EA2/L
F1, u1 F2, u2
K = 1.1888EA/L 1 -1 u1
L/2 L/2 -1 1 u2
4
3
2 1 3 Yˈ
1.1 A
Xˈ
1.3 A
u1 = 1
2
1
A = A 3
u2 = 1
Yˈ
F1 = -1.3 EA /L/2 k12
F2 = 1.3 EA/L/2 k22
Vxˈ Vy cos
F3= 0 k32Vyˈ Xˈ (θ)
Vy
Vx
u3 =1
Vx Sen (θ)
F1 = -1.1 EA/L/2Vx Sen (θ) k13
F2 = 0 k23Vy Sen (θ)
F3 = 1.1 EA/L/2 k33
2 1
1.3 -1.3 2
EA/L/2
-1.3 1.3 1
1 3
1.1 -1.1 1
EA/L/2
-1.1 1.1 3
Sistema Local
Y
1
X Sistema Global
4
4
3 3
Yˈ
Xˈ
θ
2 2
1
1
1
θ
Vx Cos (θ)
Vy Sen ( θ )
Vxˈ = Vx Cos ( θ ) +
(1)
Vyˈ = Vy Cos ( θ ) - Vx Sen ( θ )
R ( matriz de rotación )
vRˈ = RR * vR
RR ᵀ * RR = I
KRˈ RR ṵ = RR fR
( RR ᵀ KRˈ RR ) ṵ = RR ᵀ RR fR
KR ṵ = fR Sistema Global
KR = RR ᵀ KRˈ RR
1 0 -1
KRˈ = EA/L 0 0 0
-1 0 1
0 0 0
uˈ1 = RR
uˈ2
uˈ3 = RR
uˈ4
Local
uˈ1 RR 0R
ṵˈ = uˈ2 =
uˈ3
uˈ4 0R RR
ṵˈ = TR
ṵˈ = TR ṵ
KRˈ TR ṵ = TR fR
1 2 3 4
( TR ᵀ KRˈ TR ) ṵ = TR ᵀ TR fR
KR ṵ = fR Sistema Global
c s 0
TR = -s c 0
0 0 c
0 0 -s
c -s 0
TR ᵀ = s c 0
o o c
o o s
1 0 -1
KRˈ = EA/L 0 0 0
-1 0 1
F2
0 0 0
1 F4
F1 c 0 -c
F3
TR ᵀ Kˈ = EA/L s 0 -s
F2/EI -c 0 c
A -s 0 s
1
c² cs -c²
L F4/EI
KR = TR ᵀ KRˈ TR = EA/L
cs s² -cs
-c² -cs c²
-cs -s² cs
MATRIZ DE RIGIDEZ SISTEMA GLOBAL
EJEMPLO ENCONTRAR ESFUERZOS AXIALES EN CADA ELEMENTO
2000 KG
A= 10 cm2
E= 2.1 x 10 ⁶
F1 F2 F3
F4
Continua adjunto.
F1 F3
M/EI q
θ V
ᵟ M
PRIMERA COLUMNA
Se desplaza en una unidad el primer grado de libertad, manteniendo los otros
con desplazamiento igual a cero.
F1 F2 F3
F4
F2 Σ MA =0
1 F4
1 -(F2/EI) ( L/2)(2L/3) + (F4/EI)(L/2)(L/3) =0 F2=F4
F1
F3
1 -(F2/EI) ( L/2)(2L/3) + (F2/EI)(L/2)(L/3) =0
1 -(F2/EI) ( L/2)(L/3) =0
F2/EI 1
1 =(F2/EI) ( L/2)(L/3)
F2= F4= 6EI/L² B
L F4/EI
F1 = -F3 = 12 EI /L³
Segunda Columna
Giro Unitario en el G.L. N° 02
F1 F2 F3
F4
Σ MA =0
1- (F4/EI)(L/2) =0
L F4/EI
F4 = 2EI/L
1
F2 = 4 EI /L
F1 = -F3 = 6 EI /L²
TERCERA COLUMNA
Se desplaza en una unidad el tercer grado de libertad, manteniendo los otros
con desplazamiento igual a cero.
F1 F2 F3
F4
Sumatoria de fuerzas verticales
Σ MA =0
2 3
5 6
1
F1 = (F2+F4)/L = 12 EI4/L³
F1 = - 12 EI /L³
F3 = 12 EI /L³
Cuarta Columna
Giro Unitario en el G.L. N° 04
5
4
Yˈ
Σ MB = 0 Xˈ 6
+(F2/EI) ( L/2)(2L/3)
2 - (F4/EI)(L/2)(L/3) =0
1 ( L/2)(L/3)
(F4/EI)(L/2)(2L/3) = (F2/EI) 3
F4 = 2 F2 3
1- (F2/EI)(L/2) =0
Yˈ
F4 = 4EI/L
F2 = 2 EI /L
Vxˈ Vyˈ Vy cos
Xˈ (θ)
Vy
Vx
θzˈ=θz
F1 = (F2+F4)/L = -F3 =6 EI /L²
Vx Sen (θ)
F1 = 6 EI /L² Vy Sen (θ)
F3 = -6 EI /L²
EA/L 0 0 -EA/L
0 12EI/L³ 6EI/L² 0
0 6EI/L² 4EI/L 0
KR = -EA/L 0 0 EA/L
0 -12EI/L³ -6EI/L² 0
0 6EI/L² 2EI/L 0
primera columna
cuarta columna
Sistema Local
Y
1
X Sistema Global
5 5
4 4
Yˈ
6 6
Xˈ
θ
2 2
1
1
3 θ
3
Vx Cos (θ)
Vy Sen ( θ )
Vxˈ = Vx Cos ( θ ) +
θzˈ = 0 + 0 + θz
θzˈ 0 0 1
R ( matriz de rotación )
vRˈ = RR * vR
RR ᵀ * RR = I
KRˈ ṵˈ = fRˈ Sistema Local
ṵˈ = RR ṵ Relacion desplazamiento local con global
fRˈ = RR fR Relacion fuerza local con global
KRˈ RR ṵ = RR fR
( RR ᵀ KRˈ RR ) ṵ = RR ᵀ RR fR
KR ṵ = fR Sistema Global
KR = RR ᵀ KRˈ RR
EA/L 0 0
0 12EI/L³ 6EI/L²
0 6EI/L² 4EI/L
KRˈ = -EA/L 0 0
0 -12EI/L³ -6EI/L²
0 6EI/L² 2EI/L
uˈ1
uˈ2 = RR
θz3ˈ
uˈ4
uˈ5 = RR
θz6ˈ
Local
uˈ1 RR 0R
ṵˈ = uˈ2 =
θz3ˈ
uˈ4
uˈ5
θz6ˈ 0R RR
ṵˈ = TR
ṵˈ = TR ṵ
θz3ˈ 0 0
θz6ˈ 0 0
uˈ1 RR 0R
uˈ2 =
fRˈ = θz3ˈ
uˈ4
uˈ5
θz6ˈ 0R RR
KRˈ TR ṵ = TR fR
( TR ᵀ KRˈ TR ) ṵ = TR ᵀ TR fR
KR ṵ = fR Sistema Global
KR = TR ᵀ KRˈ TR
c = Cos ( θ ) s = Sen ( θ )
c s 0
TR = -s c 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
c -s 0
TR ᵀ = s c 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
EA/L 0 0
KRˈ = 0 12EI/L³ 6EI/L²
0 6EI/L² 4EI/L
-EA/L 0 0
0 -12EI/L³ -6EI/L²
0 6EI/L² 2EI/L
c s 0
TR = -s c 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
F2
Ɛz
Ɛy
Ɛx
F1
=
F2
la Energía x ( variable) dx
A ( constante)
dV = A dx
coeficiente de rigidez
coeficiente de flexibilidad
j=2
j=1
1/2 EA ∫ ( du/∂x)² dx
+0 )(-1/L) dx
EA ( 1/L)² x X varia de 0 a L
EA ( 1/L)² L
EA/ L
L )(-1/L) dx
- EA ( 1/L)² x X varia de 0 a L
-EA ( 1/L)² L
- EA/ L
1/L)(1/L) dx
EA ( 1/L)² x X varia de 0 a L
EA ( 1/L)² L
EA/ L
0 )(1/L) dx
- EA ( 1/L)² x X varia de 0 a L
-EA ( 1/L)² L
- EA/ L
MACION
Ʃ Fy = 0 ƩM =0
Δa Δb Δc > Δa+Δb
coportamiento NO Lineal
F2, u2
F1
F2
Matriz de fuerza
riz de rigidez
F1
F2
u1 F1
u2 = F2
u3 F3
Sistema Local
0
0
0
0
u1
u2
u3
u4
Global
+θ
u1
u2
u3
u4
ṵ
f1
f2
f3
f4
f1
f2
f3
f4
fR
s = Sen ( θ )
0
0
s
c
0
0
-s
c
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-cs
-s²
cs
s²
A = 10 cm2
k/cm2
riz de rigidez
0 0
-12EI/L³ 6EI/L²
-6EI/L² 2EI/L
0 0
12EI/L³ -6EI/L²
-6EI/L² 4EI/L
Sistema Local
(1)
(2)
(3)
Vx
Vy
θz
-EA/L 0 0
0 -12EI/L³ 6EI/L²
0 -6EI/L² 2EI/L
EA/L 0 0
0 12EI/L³ -6EI/L²
0 -6EI/L² 4EI/L
u1
u2
θz
u4
u5
θz6
Global
+θ
u1
u2
θz3
u4
u5
θz6
ṵ
0 f1
0 f2
1 f3
0 f4
0 f5
1 f6
u1
u2
θz3
u4
u5
θz6
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
c s 0
-s c 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
c -s 0
s c 0
0 0 1
-EA/L 0 0
0 -12EI/L³ 6EI/L²
0 -6EI/L² 2EI/L
EA/L 0 0
0 12EI/L³ -6EI/L²
0 -6EI/L² 4EI/L
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
c s 0
-s c 0
0 0 1
3
3 3 5
2 2 4
3 3 4
6
1
1
Elemento 1 y 2
2 4
1 3
i j
c² cs -c² -cs
KR = EA/L cs s² -cs -s²
-c² -cs c² cs
-cs -s² cs s²
2 3 4 5
0 0 1 0
70,000.00 - -70,000.00 -
KR = - - - -
-70,000.00 - 70,000.00 -
- - - -
4
3
elemento 3 y 4
2 4
1 3 2 θ = 90
1
i j
E = 2100000 kg/cm2 cos(θ ) = 0.000
A= 10 cm2 sen(θ ) = 1
θ= 90 cos²(θ ) = 0.00
L = 300 cm sen²(θ ) = 1
EA/L = 70000 cos(θ ) sen (θ )= 0.000
c² cs -c² -cs
KR = EA/L cs s² -cs -s²
-c² -cs c² cs
-cs -s² cs s²
1 0 4 5
0 0 2 3
0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00
KR = 0.00 70,000.00 -0.00 -70,000.00
-0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00
-0.00 -70,000.00 0.00 70,000.00
4
3
elemento 5
2 4
1 3 2 θ = 45
1
i j
c² cs -c² -cs
KR = EA/L cs s² -cs -s²
-c² -cs c² cs
-cs -s² cs s²
0 0 4 5
24,748.74 24,748.74 -24,748.74 -24,748.74
KR = 24,748.74 24,748.74 -24,748.74 -24,748.74
-24,748.74 -24,748.74 24,748.74 24,748.74
-24,748.74 -24,748.74 24,748.74 24,748.74
4
3
3
elemento 6
2 4
1 3 θ = 135
i j
c² cs -c² -cs
KR = EA/L cs s² -cs -s²
-c² -cs c² cs
-cs -s² cs s²
1 0 2 3
24,748.74 -24,748.74 -24,748.74 24,748.74
KR = -24,748.74 24,748.74 24,748.74 -24,748.74
-24,748.74 24,748.74 24,748.74 -24,748.74
24,748.74 -24,748.74 -24,748.74 24,748.74
MATRIZ DE FUERZA
0
fR = 2000
0
0
0
KR ṵ = fR
ṵ = KR⁻¹ fR
0.0142857143
0.0689775304
ṵ = 0.0142857143
0.0546918161
-0.0142857143
ELEMNTO 1
70000 0 -70000 0
0 0 0 0
-70000 0 70000 0
0 0 0 0
-1000
0
1000
0
ELEMNTO 2
70000 0 -70000 0
0 0 0 0
-70000 0 70000 0
0 0 0 0
1000
0
-1000
0
ELEMENTO 3
0.00
1000.00
0.00
-1000.00
ELEMENTO 4
0.00
1000.00
0.00
-1000.00
ELEMENTO 5
0 0 4 5
24748.7373415292 24748.7373415 -24748.73734153 -24748.737341529
KR = 24748.7373415292 24748.7373415 -24748.73734153 -24748.737341529
-24748.737341529 -24748.737342 24748.737341529 24748.737341529
-24748.737341529 -24748.737342 24748.737341529 24748.737341529
-1000
fR = -1000
1000 1000
1000 1000
1000
- Sen ( θ ) Cos ( θ )
fRˈ = TR fR
θ = 45 0.7071068 0.7071067812 0
fRˈ = -0.7071067812 0.707106781 0
cos(θ ) = 0.707106781 0 0 0.707106781
sen(θ ) = 0.7071067812 0 0 -0.7071067812
-1414.21
1414.2
fRˈ = 0.00 1
1414.21
0.00 TRACCION
1414.21
ELEMENTO 6
1 0 2 3
24748.737341529 -24748.737342 -24748.73734153 24748.737341529
KR = -24748.737341529 24748.7373415 24748.737341529 -24748.737341529
-24748.737341529 24748.7373415 24748.737341529 -24748.737341529
24748.7373415292 -24748.737342 -24748.73734153 24748.737341529
-1000
fR = 1000
1000
-1000
fRˈ = TR fR
θ= 135 -0.70710678 0.7071067812 0
fRˈ = -0.7071067812 -0.707106781 0
cos(θ ) = -0.707106781 0 0 -0.707106781
sen(θ ) = 0.7071067812 0 0 -0.7071067812
1414.21
1414.21
fRˈ = 0.00 COMPRESION
-1414.21 1414.2
0.00 1
0 2
0 3
1 4
0 5
0 1
0 0
2 4
3 5
0
0
4
5
2
1
1
0
2
3
-0.00
-
-
24,748.74
94,748.74
-1.479334E-06 0
-7.142857E-06 2000
-1.479334E-06 0
-8.622191E-06 0
1.280638E-05 0
0
0
0.0142857143
0
0.0689775304
0.0142857143
0.0546918161
-0.0142857143
0.00
0.00
0.0546918161
-0.0142857143
0.0142857143
0
0.0546918161
-0.0142857143
0
0
0.0546918161
-0.0142857143
0 -1000
0 -1000
0.7071067812 1000
0.70710678 1000
1414.2
1
0.0142857143
0
0.0689775304
0.0142857143
0 -1000
0 1000
0.7071067812 1000
-0.7071068 -1000
1414.2
1
EJEMPLO
5 ton
2 ton
15
5
4
2 3 8
2 6
1
1 2 3 4
89692.2515 35742.9370 -502.0166 -89692.2515
35742.9370 14631.8164 1255.0448 -35742.9370
K= -502.0166 1255.0448 7279.2573 502.0166
-89692.2515 -35742.9370 502.0166 89692.2515
-35742.9370 -14631.8164 -1255.0448 35742.9370
-502.0166 1255.0448 3639.6286 502.0166
RIGIDEZ DE ELEMENTO 3
4 5 6 7
89692.2515 -35742.9370 502.0166 -89692.2515
-35742.9370 14631.8164 1255.0448 35742.9370
K= 502.0166 1255.0448 7279.2573 -502.0166
-89692.2515 35742.9370 -502.0166 89692.2515
35742.9370 -14631.8164 -1255.0448 -35742.9370
502.0166 1255.0448 3639.6286 -502.0166
1 2 3 4
89832.2515 35742.9370 -82.0166 -89692.2515
35742.9370 49631.8164 1255.0448 -35742.9370
-82.0166 1255.0448 8959.2573 502.0166
-89692.2515 -35742.9370 502.0166 179384.5030
-35742.9370 -14631.8164 -1255.0448 0.0000
K(SISTEMA)= -502.0166 1255.0448 3639.6286 1004.0333
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 -89692.2515
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 35742.9370
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 502.0166
2
0
0
0
F= -5
0
0
0
0
u1 0.0049730342 0.4973034194 cm
u2 -6.0818607E-05 -0.0060818607 cm
u3 -0.0018533451 -0.0018533451 rad.
u4 0.0086834106 0.868341055 cm
u5 -0.009407311 -0.9407310966 cm
u6 0.000253593 0.000253593 rad.
U= u7 0.0123824421 1.2382442144 cm
u8 -8.2038536E-05 -0.0082038536 cm
u9 0.0008300911 0.0008300911 rad.
DMF
1.02
8.89 T-m
0.53 T-m
3
8
7
9
4
4
5
4
3
1
8 9
2 3 U(elemento 1) F(elemento 1)
0.0000 -420.0000 0 0 0 0.08
-35000.0000 0.0000 0 0 0 2.13
0.0000 840.0000 0 0 0 0.53
0.0000 420.0000 1 7 0.0049730342 -0.08
35000.0000 0.0000 2 8 -6.0818607E-05 -2.13
0.0000 1680.0000 3 9 -0.0018533451 -1.02
5
6
2
θ(+)
1
5 6 U(elemento 3) F(elemento 3)
-35742.9370 -502.0166 1 0.0049730342 2.08
-14631.8164 1255.0448 2 -6.0818607E-05 2.13
-1255.0448 3639.6286 3 -0.0018533451 1.02
35742.9370 502.0166 4 0.0086834106 -2.08
14631.8164 -1255.0448 5 -0.009407311 -2.13
-1255.0448 7279.2573 6 0.000253593 8.69
2
θ(-) 7.08E-06
1
3 5
4
6
8 9 U(elemento 4) F(elemento 4)
35742.9370 502.0166 4 0.0086834106 2.08
-14631.8164 1255.0448 5 -0.009407311 -2.87
-1255.0448 3639.6286 6 0.000253593 -8.69
-35742.9370 -502.0166 7 0.0123824421 -2.08
14631.8164 -1255.0448 8 -8.2038536E-05 2.87
-1255.0448 7279.2573 9 0.0008300911 -6.60
5 6 7 8 9
-35742.9370 -502.0166 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
-14631.8164 1255.0448 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
-1255.0448 3639.6286 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 1004.0333 -89692.2515 35742.9370 502.0166
29263.6328 0.0000 35742.9370 -14631.8164 1255.0448
0.0000 14558.5145 -502.0166 -1255.0448 3639.6286
35742.9370 -502.0166 89832.2515 -35742.9370 -82.0166
-14631.8164 -1255.0448 -35742.9370 49631.8164 -1255.0448
1255.0448 3639.6286 -82.0166 -1255.0448 8959.2573
5.9 T-m
U(elemento 4) F(elemento 4)
0 -2.08
0 2.87
0 5.90
0.0123824421 2.08
-8.203854E-05 -2.87
0.0008300911 6.60