Laboratorio de Transferencia de Calor

Actividad 2: Interactive Heat Transfer

03-12-18, II Término 2018-2019

Quinto Macías Willian Joffre

Facultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción (FIMCP)
Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL)
Guayaquil - Ecuador
wjquinto@espol.edu.ec

TALLER
1. Consider the solid tube (Solid tube with uniform heat generation is insulated at the outer surface
and cooled at the inner surface.) Using Equation (1) with Equation (2) in the IHT workspace,
calculate and plot the temperature distributions for a tube of inner and outer radii, 50 mm and 100
mm, and a thermal conductivity of 5 W/m K for volumetric generation rates of 1x10^5, 5x10^5,
and 1x10^6 W/m3. The inner surface is cooled by a fluid at 30°C with a convection coefficient of
1000 W/m2-K.

𝑞̇ 𝑞̇ 𝑟2
𝑇(𝑟) = 𝑇𝑠,2 + 4𝑘 (𝑟2 2 − 𝑟 2 ) − 4𝑘 𝑟2 2 𝑙𝑛 𝑟
(Ec.1)

𝜋𝑞̇ (𝑟2 2 − 𝑟1 2 ) = ℎ2𝜋𝑟1 (𝑇𝑠,1 − 𝑇∞ ) (Ec.2)

*Se asume condiciones en estado estable, que la conducción radial es unidimensional, la

generación volumétrica uniforme y por último que las propiedades térmicas son constantes.
Código:
/* Conveccion*/
pi * q' * (r2^2-r1^2) = h * 2 * pi * r1 * (T1 - Tinf)
Tinf = 303 // Fluid temperature, K
h = 1*10^-3 // Convection coefficient, W/mm^2·K

/* Conduccion*/
T1 = Ts,2+ (q' * (r2^2 - r1^2)/4 * k) - (q' * r2^2 * ln (r2/r1) )/ (2 * k)
q' = 1*10^-4 // volumetric generation rates W/mm^3
k = 5*10^-3 // Thermal conductivity, W/mm·K
r1 = 50 // Inner radius, mm

1
r2 = 100 // Outer radius, mm

/* Para hallar la Tr*/

Tr = Ts,2+ (q' * (r2^2 – r^2)/(4 * k)) - (q' * r2^2 * ln (r2/r) )/ (2 * k)

r=50 // mm

Se hizo pasos de la variable r en intervalos de 5 para los valores de 50[mm] a 100[mm]

Tabla de resultados:
q' = 1*10^-4 W/mm^3

T1 Ts,2 Tr h k q' r r1 r2 Tinf

1 310.5 379.8 348 0.001 0.005 0.0001 50 50 100 303

2 310.5 379.8 354.9 0.001 0.005 0.0001 55 50 100 303

3 310.5 379.8 360.7 0.001 0.005 0.0001 60 50 100 303

4 310.5 379.8 365.6 0.001 0.005 0.0001 65 50 100 303

5 310.5 379.8 369.6 0.001 0.005 0.0001 70 50 100 303

6 310.5 379.8 372.9 0.001 0.005 0.0001 75 50 100 303

7 310.5 379.8 375.5 0.001 0.005 0.0001 80 50 100 303

8 310.5 379.8 377.4 0.001 0.005 0.0001 85 50 100 303

9 310.5 379.8 378.8 0.001 0.005 0.0001 90 50 100 303

10 310.5 379.8 379.6 0.001 0.005 0.0001 95 50 100 303

11 310.5 379.8 379.8 0.001 0.005 0.0001 100 50 100 303

q' = 5*10^-4 W/mm^3

T1 Ts,2 Tr h k q' r r1 r2 Tinf

1 340.5 687.1 528 0.001 0.005 0.0005 50 50 100 303

2 340.5 687.1 562.5 0.001 0.005 0.0005 55 50 100 303

3 340.5 687.1 591.7 0.001 0.005 0.0005 60 50 100 303

4 340.5 687.1 616.1 0.001 0.005 0.0005 65 50 100 303

5 340.5 687.1 636.2 0.001 0.005 0.0005 70 50 100 303

6 340.5 687.1 652.6 0.001 0.005 0.0005 75 50 100 303

7 340.5 687.1 665.5 0.001 0.005 0.0005 80 50 100 303

8 340.5 687.1 675.2 0.001 0.005 0.0005 85 50 100 303

2
9 340.5 687.1 681.9 0.001 0.005 0.0005 90 50 100 303

10 340.5 687.1 685.8 0.001 0.005 0.0005 95 50 100 303

11 340.5 687.1 687.1 0.001 0.005 0.0005 100 50 100 303

q' = 1*10^-3 W/mm^3

T1 Ts,2 Tr h k q' r r1 r2 Tinf

1 378 1071 753 0.001 0.005 0.001 50 50 100 303

2 378 1071 822.1 0.001 0.005 0.001 55 50 100 303

3 378 1071 880.3 0.001 0.005 0.001 60 50 100 303

4 378 1071 929.1 0.001 0.005 0.001 65 50 100 303

5 378 1071 969.5 0.001 0.005 0.001 70 50 100 303

6 378 1071 1002 0.001 0.005 0.001 75 50 100 303

7 378 1071 1028 0.001 0.005 0.001 80 50 100 303

8 378 1071 1047 0.001 0.005 0.001 85 50 100 303

9 378 1071 1061 0.001 0.005 0.001 90 50 100 303

10 378 1071 1069 0.001 0.005 0.001 95 50 100 303

11 378 1071 1071 0.001 0.005 0.001 100 50 100 303

Gráfico:

1x10-4 1,050
5x10-4 1,000
1x10-3 950
900
850
800
Tr (K)

750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
R (mm)

Ilustración 1.- Gráfico Tr Vs r

3
3.- A composite spherical Shell of inner radius r1=0.25 m is constructed from lead of outer
radius r2= 0.30 m and AISI 302 stainless steel of outer radius r3=0.31 m. the cavity is filled with
radioactive wastes that generate heat at a rate of 𝑞̇ = 5x10^5 W/m3. It is proposed to submerge
the container in oceanic waters that are at a temperature of 𝑇∞ =10 °C and provide a uniform
convection coefficient of h= 500 W/𝑚2 K at the outer surface of the container. ¿Are there any
problems associated with this proposal?

El código utilizado fue el siguiente:

/* Conduccion (r1 a r2) */
Rcd1 =( 1/ ( 4 * pi * k’) )* ((1 / r1) - (1 / r2)) // Heat rate, W
K’ = 35.3 // Thermal conductivity Lead, W/m·K
r1 = 0.25 // Inner radius, m
r2 = 0.3 // Outer radius, m

/* Conduccion (r2 a r3): */

Rcd2 =( 1/ ( 4 * pi * k2) )* ((1 / r2) - (1 / r3)) // Heat rate, W
k2 = 15.1 // Thermal conductivity Stainless Steel, W/m·K
r3 = 0.31 // Outer radius, m

/* Conveccion */
Rcv= 1/ (4 * pi * r3^2 * h)
h=500

q=(T1-Tinf) / Rt
Rt= Rcd1 + Rcd2 + Rcv
Tinf= 283 // Temperature oceanic waters, K
q' = 5 * 10^5 //generate heat, W/m^3
M= (4/3) * pi * r1^3
q = q' * M

Tabla de resultados.
Los valores de K1 y K2 fueron extraídos de la tabla A1 del texto guía

4
 Tabla 1.- Tabla de resultados, problema 3

T1 es la mayor temperatura del sistema con un valor de 404.9 K. Esta temperatura es menor que
el punto de fusión del plomo (601 K) por lo que podemos concluir que esta propuesta es
adecuada.

5. A steam pipe of 0.12 m outside diameter is insulated with a layer of calcium silicate. If the
insulation is 20 mm thick and its inner and outer surfaces are maintained at 𝑇𝑠,1=800 𝐾 and
𝑇𝑠,2=490 𝐾, respectively, what is the heat loss per unit length (𝑞´) of the pipe? We wish to explore
the effect of insulation thickness on the heat loss 𝑞 ´ and outer surface 𝑇𝑠,2, with the inner surface
temperature fixed at 𝑇𝑠,1=800 𝐾. The outer surface is exposed to an airflow (𝑇∞=25 °𝐶) that
maintains a convection coefficient of ℎ=25 𝑊/𝑚2𝐾 and to large surroundings for which
𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟=𝑇∞=25 °𝐶. The surface emissivity of calcium silicate is approximately 0.8. Compute and
plot the temperature distribution in the insulation as a function of the dimensionless radial
coordinate, (𝑟−𝑟1)/(𝑟2−𝑟1), where 𝑟1=0.06 𝑚 and 𝑟2 is a variable (0.06 < 𝑟2 ≤ 0.20 𝑚). Compute
and plot the heat loss as a function of the insulation thickness for 0 ≤ (𝑟2−𝑟1) ≤ 0.14 m.
Esquema:

5
Asumiendo condiciones de estado estable, conducción unidireccional y propiedades térmicas
constantes. La conductividad térmica del silicato de calcio en la tabla A3, k=0,089 W/m K.
Análisis:

𝑞 ∗ 𝑟 2𝜋 ∗ 𝑘(𝑇𝑆,1 − 𝑇𝑆,2 )
𝑞′ = = 𝑟
𝐿 𝑙𝑛 ( 2 )
𝑟1
2𝜋 ∗ 0,089(800 − 490)
𝑞′ =
0,08
𝑙𝑛 ( )
0,06
𝑾
𝒒′ = 𝟔𝟎𝟑. 𝟎𝟎
𝒎
Luego,

Código:
//Input data
Ts1=800 //Surface temperature, K
Tinf=298 //Fluid temperature, K

6
Tsur=298 //Surroundings temperature, K
k=0.089 //Thermal conductivity, W/m ·K

//Properties
h=25 //Convection coefficient, W/m^2·K
eps=0.8 //Emissivity
sigma = 5.67e-8 //Stefan-Boltzmann constant, W/m^2·K^4

//Geometrical Parameters
r1=0.06 //Radius, m
r2=0.20 //Radius, m
r=r2-r1 //Radius, m

//Equations
hr = eps*sigma*(Ts2 + Tsur) *(Ts2^2 + Tsur^2)
((Ts1-Ts2)/(ln(r2/r1)/(2*pi*k))) =((Ts2-Tinf)/(1/(2*pi*r2*h))) +((Ts2-Tsur)/(1/(2*pi*r2*hr)))
q' = 2*pi*r2*(h*(Ts2 - Tinf) + hr*(Ts2 - Tsur))
Tabla

r hr q' Ts2 r1 r2 eps h k Sigma Tinf Ts1 Tsur

1 0.01 7.833 1455 398.8 0.06 0.07 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
2 0.02 6.308 868.5 353.2 0.06 0.08 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
3 0.03 5.768 641.5 334.9 0.06 0.09 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
4 0.04 5.498 519.8 325.1 0.06 0.10 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
5 0.05 5.338 443.6 319.2 0.06 0.11 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
6 0.06 5.232 391.1 315.2 0.06 0.12 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
7 0.07 5.159 352.7 312.3 0.07 0.13 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
8 0.08 5.105 323.3 310.2 0.08 0.14 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
9 0.09 5.063 299.9 308.6 0.09 0.15 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
10 0.10 5.031 280.9 307.3 0.10 0.16 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
11 0.11 5.005 265.1 306.3 0.11 0.17 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
12 0.12 4.984 251.7 305.4 0.12 0.18 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
13 0.13 4.966 240.3 304.7 0.13 0.19 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298
14 0.14 4.951 230.3 304.1 0.14 0.20 0.8 25 0.089 5.67E-8 298 800 298

7
Gráficos:
Distribución de temperatura Ts,2 con respecto r2-r1

Distribución de la pérdida de calor como función del espesor

Distribución de la temperatura T(r)

Código:
//Temperatures
Ts1=800 //Surface temperature, K
Tinf=298 //Fluid temperature, K
Tsur=298 //Surroundings temperature, K
k=0.089 //Thermal conductivity, W/m·K

//Properties
h=25 //Convection coefficient, W/m^2·K
eps=0.8 //Emissivity
sigma = 5.67e-8 //Stefan-Boltzmann constant, W/m^2·K^4

8
//Geometrical Parameters
r1=0.06 //Radius, m
r2=0.1 //Radius, m
r=0.06 //Radius, m
x = (r - r1)/ (r2 - r1)

//Equations
hr = eps*sigma*(Ts2 + Tsur)*(Ts2^2 + Tsur^2)
((Ts1-Ts2)/(ln(r2/r1)/(2*pi*k))) = ((Ts2-Tinf)/(1/(2*pi*r2*h))) + ((Ts2-Tsur)/(1/(2*pi*r2*hr)))
q'=2*pi*r2*(h*(Ts2-Tinf) + hr*(Ts2-Tsur))
Tr = (((Ts1-Ts2)/(ln(r1/r2))) *(ln(r/r2))) +Ts2

Tabla:

r hr q' Tr Ts2 x eps h k r1 r2 Sigma Tinf Ts1 Tsur

1 0.06 4.951 230.3 800.0 304.1 0 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
2 0.07 4.951 230.3 736.5 304.1 0.0714 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
3 0.08 4.951 230.3 681.5 304.1 0.1429 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
4 0.09 4.951 230.3 633.0 304.1 0.2143 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
5 0.10 4.951 230.3 589.6 304.1 0.2857 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
6 0.11 4.951 230.3 550.4 304.1 0.3571 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
7 0.12 4.951 230.3 514.5 304.1 0.4286 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
8 0.13 4.951 230.3 481.5 304.1 0.5000 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
9 0.14 4.951 230.3 451.0 304.1 0.5714 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
10 0.15 4.951 230.3 422.6 304.1 0.6429 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
11 0.16 4.951 230.3 396.0 304.1 0.7143 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
12 0.17 4.951 230.3 371.1 304.1 0.7857 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
13 0.18 4.951 230.3 347.5 304.1 0.8571 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
14 0.19 4.951 230.3 325.2 304.1 0.9286 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298
15 0.20 4.951 230.3 304.1 304.1 1 0.8 25 0.089 0.06 0.2 5.67E-8 298 800 298

Gráfico:
Distribución de temperatura para distintos valores de r2

Donde,
𝑟2 = 0.20 𝑚 → 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑧𝑢𝑙
𝑟2 = 0.14 𝑚 → 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑜𝑗𝑜
𝑟2 = 0.10 𝑚 → 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑎