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a Optometría infantil suscita hoy en día un gran interés en los diferentes ámbitos de la sociedad, bien sea
L escolar, familiar, clínico, docente o investigador. Desde muy temprana edad, la sociedad actual está sometida
a una gran demanda de tareas en visión cercana, asociadas a la escolarización o al ocio (ordenadores,
videoconsolas, televisión, juegos de mesa, etc.), y por tanto, cada día aparecen más disfunciones visuales que
influyen directamente sobre el confort visual, el rendimiento escolar e incluso sobre el abandono de determinadas
tareas. Entre las posibles y frecuentes disfunciones funcionales oculares que se pueden encontrar a estas edades
se encuentran las anomalías acomodativas. Centrándonos exclusivamente en la edad escolar, realizaremos una
revisión bibliográfica que recoja la actualización sobre la metodología y valores de normalidad de aquellos
parámetros que evalúan la función acomodativa, con la finalidad de poner de manifiesto la importancia de unificar y
homogeneizar estas pruebas, así como sus resultados para su uso en el diagnóstico de las diferentes anomalías
acomodativas en la población pediátrica.
INSUFICIENCIA
ACOMODATIVA ** * * * **
INFACILIDAD
ACOMODATIVA ** ** ** **
FATIGA ACOMODATIVA * ** ** ** **
ESPASMO DE
ACOMODACIÓN ** ** ** ** **
PARÁLISIS
ACOMODATIVA ** ** ** ** **
# Astenopía, visión borrosa, dolor de cabeza, diplopía, problemas de facilidad acomodativa, fotofobia y problemas en la lectura 27, 36-37.
Tabla 2. Comparación de valores medios de amplitud de acomodación en niños según diferentes autores (D= dioptrías).
Edad (años) Media (D) Método Comportamiento
Donders (1864)61 10 19.70 Acercamiento Convencional
monocular -
Hofstetter (1950)42 >10 Acercamiento Convencional
monocular Disminuye
Turner (1958)64 <13 13 Acercamiento Convencional Monocular ?
Eames (1961)67 5-8 13.70 Acercamiento Convencional binocular Disminuye (5-7)
Wold (1967)65 7-10 18.94 5 métodos monoculares Estable
Woodfruff (1987)68 3-12 11.50 Método de las lentes negativas Incrementa
Chen et al. (2000)69 1-17 12.15 Método de acercamiento monocular y binocular Disminuye (4-17)
Jiménez et al (2003)72 6-12 12.55
12.82 Retinoscopía MEM modificada
binocular y monocular Disminuye
Sterner et al (2004)60 6-10 12.45 Método de acercamiento monocular
15.20 y binocular con regla RAF Estable
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