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Cálculo Eléctrico de La Línea
Cálculo Eléctrico de La Línea
150
Sección nominal: Sn ≔ ――
25
2
DAl 2
Sección real del Aluminio: SAl ≔ NºhilosAl ⋅ π ⋅ ――= 148.864 mm
4
2
DAc 2
Sección del Acero: SAc ≔ NºhilosAc ⋅ π ⋅ ――= 24.245 mm
4
Ω
Resistencia óhmica a 20ºC: R20 ≔ 0.194 ⋅ ――
km
Ω
R20 ≔ 1.02 ⋅ R20 = 0.198 ――
km
−6 1
Coeficiente de dilatacion lineal para todo el cable. Anexo 3 ATEERA: αtc ≔ 18.9 ⋅ 10 ――
Δ°C
Variación de temperatura Δt ≔ (50 °C − 20 °C)
Ω
Resistencia a 50ºC R50 ≔ R20 ⋅ ⎛⎝1 + αtc ⋅ Δt⎞⎠ = 0.198 ――
km
Resistencia efectica:
Ahora se debe afectar esta resistencia con un factor que tenga en cuenta el efecto
superficial. K es el efecto superficial y se determina en funcion de x.
Sean:
K: Coef. de efecto superficial (es una función de la variable X)
R: Resistencia óhmica (Ω/km)
μ: Permeabilidad relativa del conductor (para materiales no magnéticos es 1)
Ω ‾‾‾‾‾
(f ⋅ μ )
μ ≔ 1 ⋅ ――― x ≔ 0.05013 ⋅ ――= 0.797
(Hz ⋅ km) R50
Como el coeficiente K es una función de X, de la tabla 1.1 del Tomo I del libro "Redes
Eléctricas" (Autor: Viqueira Landa), obtengo el valor : k ≔ 1.00519
Ω
Re ≔ k ⋅ R50 = 0.199 ――
km
RTot ≔ Re ⋅ l = 17.912 Ω
Según tabla 4.1 del libro "Sistemas de Potencia" (Autores: Glover- Sarma), los espacios libres
mínimos entre fases para una línea de 110 kV está entre 4 m y 5 m.
Adopto D1 ≔ 4.5 ⋅ m y L1 ≔ 5.6 ⋅ m
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
⎛⎛ D ⎞ 2 ⎞
1 2
D2 ≔ ⎜⎜―⎟ + L1 ⎟ = 6.035 m D3 ≔ D2 = 6.035 m
⎝⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠
Para una simple terna el DMG y el RMG se calculan por las siguientes ecuaciones:
3
DMG ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
D1 ⋅ D2 ⋅ D3 = 5.473 m
Dext
r ≔ ―― = 8.55 mm
2
De la tabla 1.2 del Tomo I del libro "Redes Eléctricas" (Autor: Viqueira Landa), teniendo en
cuenta el conductor adoptado, obtengo el valor de k:
x1 ≔ 26 k1 ≔ 0.809
x2 ≔ 54 k2 ≔ 0.810
x ≔ NºhilosAl
⎛⎝x − x1⎞⎠ ⋅ ⎛⎝k2 − k1⎞⎠
k ≔ k1 + ―――――― = 0.809 RMG ≔ k ⋅ r = 6.917 mm
⎛⎝x2 − x1⎞⎠
⎛ DMG ⎞ Ω Ω
XLe ≔ 0.145 ⋅ log ⎜――⎟ ⋅ ―― = 0.42 ―― XL ≔ XLe ⋅ l = 37.823 Ω
⎝ RMG ⎠ km km
a ≔ 4.7 ⋅ m
m ⎛ UR ⎞
hmin ≔ a + 0.01 ⋅ ――⋅ ⎜―― − 22 ⋅ kV⎟
kV ⎝ ‾‾ ⎠
3
hmin = 5.115 m
D1
h1 ≔ hmin + fmax = 10.405 m h2 ≔ h1 + ― = 12.655 m h3 ≔ h1 + D1 = 14.905 m
2
3
HMG ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
h'1 ⋅ h'2 ⋅ h'3 = 8.759 m
⎛ DMG 2 ⋅ HMG ⎞
XCe ≔ 0.132 ⋅ log ⎜――⋅ ―――――――― ⎟ ⋅ MΩ ⋅ km = 0.368 MΩ ⋅ km
r ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2 2
⎝ 4 ⋅ (HMG) + (DMG) ⎠
XCe ⎛ −1
= ⎝4.086 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ Ω B ≔ ――= ⎛⎝2.447i ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ S
3 −4
XC ≔ ――
l 1j ⋅ XC
‾‾
Z
Zc ≔ ―= (403.455 − 90.704i) Ω |Zc| = 413.525 Ω arg ⎛⎝Zc⎞⎠ = −12.671 °
Y
UR
VRf ≔ ―― = 63.509 kV
‾‾
3
VRf
IR ≔ ―― = (187.298 + 42.108i) A |IR| = 191.973 A arg ⎛⎝IR⎞⎠ = 12.671 °
ZR
(Z ⋅ Y )
A ≔ 1 + ―― arg (A) = 0.126 ° |A| = 0.995
2
⎛ Z⋅Y⎞
|C| = ⎛⎝2.442 ⋅ 10 ⎞⎠ S
−4
C ≔ Y ⋅ ⎜1 + ―― arg (C) = 90.063 °
⎝ 4 ⎟⎠
Y
Ic´ ≔ VRf ⋅ ― arg ⎛⎝Ic´⎞⎠ = 90 ° |Ic´| = 7.771 A
2
Y
Vpi ≔ IR ⋅ Z + VRf ⋅ Z ⋅ ― arg ⎛⎝Vpi⎞⎠ = 79.571 ° |Vpi| = 8.112 kV
2
Y
Ic´´ ≔ VSf ⋅ ― arg ⎛⎝Ic´´⎞⎠ = 96.999 ° |Ic´´| = 8.011 A
2
6 6
MVA ≔ 10 ⋅ W MVAr ≔ 10 ⋅ W
PS ≔ |IS| ⋅ |VSf| ⋅ cos (γ) = 12.568 MW QS ≔ |IS| ⋅ |VSf| ⋅ sin (γ) = 2.271 MVAr
SS ≔ ‾‾
IS ⋅ VSf = (12.568 − 2.271i) MVA |SS| = 12.772 MVAr arg ⎛⎝SS⎞⎠ = −10.244 °
PR ≔ |IR| ⋅ |VRf| ⋅ cos ⎛⎝θR⎞⎠ = 11.895 MW QR ≔ |IR| ⋅ |VRf| ⋅ sin ⎛⎝θR⎞⎠ = 2.674 MVAr
SR ≔ ‾‾
IR ⋅ VRf = (11.895 − 2.674i) MVA |SR| = 12.192 MVAr arg ⎛⎝SR⎞⎠ = −12.671 °
Calculamos la regulación:
Rendimiento
|P R |
η ≔ ―― = 94.646 1%
| P S|
Corriente de cortocircuito:
VSf
IRCC ≔ ―― = (0.837 − 1.322i) kA |IRCC| = 1.564 kA
B
DIAGRAMA CIRCULAR
EXTREMO RECEPTOR
VSf A VSf
IR ≔ ―― − ―⋅ VRf = (0.187 + 0.042i) kA IR1 ≔ ―― = (0.837 − 1.322i) kA
B B B
S1 ≔ ‾‾
IR1 ⋅ VRf = (53.145 + 83.936i) MVA |S1| = 99.346 MVA arg ⎛⎝S1⎞⎠ = 57.66 °
A
IR2 ≔ ―⋅ VRf = (0.65 − 1.364i) kA
B
S2 ≔ ‾‾
IR2 ⋅ VRf = (41.25 + 86.61i) MVA |S2| = 95.931 MVA arg ⎛⎝S2⎞⎠ = 64.533 °
A VRf
IS ≔ ―⋅ VSf − ―― = (0.186 + 0.058i) kA
B B
A
IS2 ≔ ―⋅ VSf = (0.836 − 1.314i) kA S'2 ≔ ‾‾
IS2 ⋅ VSf = (43.83 + 92.028i) MVA arg ⎛⎝S'2⎞⎠ = 64.533 °
B
|S'2| = 101.932 MVA
VRf
IS1 ≔ ―― = (0.65 − 1.372i) kA S'1 ≔ ‾‾
IS1 ⋅ VSf = (31.262 + 94.299i) MVA arg ⎛⎝S'1⎞⎠ = 71.658 °
B
|S'1| = 99.346 MVA
SS ≔ S'2 − S'1 = (12.568 − 2.271i) MVA |SS| = 12.772 MVA arg ⎛⎝SS⎞⎠ = −10.244 °
Ss ≔ ‾‾
IS1 ⋅ VSf = (31.262 + 94.299i) MVA S22 ≔ Ss − S'2 = ⎛⎝−12.568 + 2.271i⎞⎠ MVA