CÓMO HACER PRESENTACIONES ORALES EN INGLÉS

Si tienes que hacer una presentación oral en

inglés, no debes sentir vergüenza o miedo por tu nivel de
dicho idioma, simplemente échale valor y ganas;
independientemente del inglés que sepas, conseguirás tu
meta siguiendo unas pautas básicas:

 1. Si el tema de la presentación es de libre elección, elige un

tema en el que te sientas seguro y que pueda interesar a tu
audiencia.

 2. Piensa en lo que podrías incluir en tu presentación y haz

un borrador inicial con esas ideas y posible material
audiovisual.

 3. Selecciona las ideas más interesantes teniendo en

cuenta el tiempo del que dispones para tu exposición.
 4. Escribe la presentación con frases sencillas y bien
redactadas (puedes pedirle a alguien que sepa más inglés
que tú que te eche una mano).

 5. Es conveniente que utilices Powerpoint. Elige un tamaño

de letra que se pueda leer bien. Puedes añadir fotos,
gráficos y dibujos para hacer tu presentación más
interesante, aunque recuerda que no debes utilizar el
material audiovisual en exceso.

 6. Comprueba que todo el material tecnológico ( pen-drive,

ordenador, etc. ) funciona correctamente antes de la
exposición.

 7. Apréndete la presentación de memoria. Puedes hacerte

unas fichas pequeñas de apoyo con ideas básicas y/o
esquemas para ir recordando durante tu exposición ,
pero nunca leas en lugar de exponer de memoria.
 8. Es buena idea comenzar tu presentación con alguna
pregunta o algo que llame la atención o le cause curiosidad
a tu audiencia .

 9. Habla lento, vocaliza y muestra interés en lo que dices:

causarás muy mala impresión si parece que lo único que te
importa es terminar el “mal trago”.

 10. Utiliza tu “body language” adecuadamente: es

importante mantener contacto visual con tu público
(imagínate hacer una presentación mirando a una pizarra, a
la pantalla de un ordenador o al suelo, en lugar de mirar a
los que te están escuchando). No te muevas en
exceso (obviamente no hay que permanecer estático, pero
tampoco estar en un sitio distinto cada dos minutos).

 11. Prevé posibles preguntas que te puedan hacer al final de

tu presentación y prepara las respuestas.
 Las siguientes expresiones te pueden ser útiles
para tu presentación:

 Para introducir el tema:

 Today, I'm going to talk about...
 The aim of my presentation is to…
 I've divided my presentation into... (three parts)
 First, I'd like to...
 Second, I'll talk about...
 Then, I'll deal with...
 After that, I´ll focus on...
 Finally…

 Para introducir cada apartado de la presentación:

 So, let's start with...
 Now let's move on to...

 Para referirse a contenido anterior o posterior:

 I mentioned earlier ...
 I'll say more about this later…

 Para comprobar la comprensión:

 Is that clear?
 Are there any questions?

 Para referirse al material visual:

 This picture/slide/graph shows...
 If you look at the picture you can see...
 What is interesting in this slide is...

 Para concluir:
 In conclusion,…
 In summary,…
 To summarize,…
 To conclude,…
 Thank you for your attention.
 Do you have any questions or comments?
 If you have any questions I'd be pleased to answer them/I'll
do my best to answer them...

En resumen, si quieres que tu presentación tenga

éxito, recuerda que debe ser coherente,
estar bien estructurada, ser tan simple como sea
posible - siempre y cuando los contenidos no queden
escasos - , y que la exposición sea clara y con interés.
JAPAN
CULTURE
Japan has absorbed many ideas from other countries over the course of its history, including
technology, customs, and forms of cultural expression, and has developed its unique culture
while integrating these imports. The Japanese lifestyle today is a rich blend of Asian-influenced
traditional culture and Western-influenced modern culture.

Traditional Culture

Traditional performing arts that continue to thrive in Japan today include kabuki, noh, kyogen,
and bunraku. Noh, kabuki, and bunraku are recognized by UNESCO as intangible cultural
heritage.

Kabuki is a form of classical theater that evolved in the early seventeenth century. It is
characterized by the rhythm of the lines spoken by the actors, extravagant costumes, flamboyant
makeup (kumadori), and the use of mechanical devices to achieve special effects on stage. The
makeup accentuates the personalities and moods of the characters. Most plays draw on
medieval or Edo period themes, and all the actors, even those playing female roles, are men.

A scene from the noh play Dojoji(Kin-no-Hoshi, Watanabe Shashinjo)

Noh is Japan's oldest form of musical theater. The story is told not just through dialogue but also
through utai (singing), hayashi (musical accompaniment), and mai (dance). Another feature is
that the leading actor, dressed in a colorful costume of embroidered silk, usually wears a
lacquered wooden mask. The masks depict such characters as an old man, a young or old
woman, a divine figure, a ghost, and a young boy.

Kyogen is a type of classical comic theater that is performed with highly stylized actions and
lines. It is staged between noh performances, although it is now sometimes performed in its own
right.

Bunraku, which became popular around the end of the sixteenth century, is a kind of puppet
theater that is performed to the accompaniment of narrative singing and music played on
the shamisen (a three-stringed instrument). Bunraku is known as one of the world's most refined
forms of puppet theater.

Sado, or chado, a traditional way of preparing and having tea (JNTO)

Other traditional arts, such as the tea ceremony and ikebana, live on as part of the everyday
lives of Japanese people. The tea ceremony (sado orchado) is a highly structured method of
preparing green tea. But there is far more to sado than the ritual making and serving of tea. It is
a profound total art that requires a wide range of knowledge and a delicate sensitivity.Sado also
explores the purpose of life and encourages an appreciation of nature.
Ikenobo-style ikebana, or flower art

Japanese flower arrangement (ikebana), which evolved in Japan over seven centuries, has its
origin in early Buddhist flower offerings. This art is distinguished from purely decorative use of
flowers by the extreme care taken in choosing every element of each work, including the plant
material, the container, where each branch and flower is placed, and how the branches relate to
the container and the surrounding space.

Modern Culture

Classical music was brought to Japan from the West and enjoys a broad following. Concerts are
held all over the country. Japan has also produced many conductors (such as Ozawa Seiji),
pianists, and violinists who perform around the world.

Since Kurosawa Akira won the Golden Lion Award at the Venice Film Festival in 1951, Japanese
cinema has been the focus of global attention, and works by great directors like Mizoguchi Kenji
and Ozu Yasujiro have been widely hailed. More recently, Kitano Takeshi won the Golden Lion
Award at the 1997 Venice Film Festival with HANA-BI and the best director award at the 2003
festival withZatoichi. Okuribito (Departures) won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language
Film at the 2009 Oscars.

Japanese anime (animated shows), which have been entertaining Japanese children since the
1960s, are now exported all over the world, and series likeAstro Boy, Doraemon, Sailor
Moon, and Dragonball Z are now global children's favorites. Meanwhile, director Miyazaki
Hayao's Spirited Away won the Oscar for best animated feature in 2003, and Howl's Moving
Castle was chosen for the Osella Award at the 2004 Venice Film Festival.
In literature, Japanese Nobel Prize winners include Kawabata Yasunari and Oe Kenzaburo,
while the works of more modern authors like Murakami Haruki and Yoshimoto Banana are
popular among young Japanese and have been translated into many languages.
 GENERALITIES
Location: Japan's neighbors include the Republic of Korea, China, and Russia.

National flag: Known as the Hinomaru, the flag depicts the sun as a red ball against a white
background. National anthem: "Kimigayo"

Population: 127,290,000 (as of November 2013)

Land area: 377,959 square kilometers The land area of Japan is 377,959 square kilometers,
which is one twenty-fifth that of the United States (a little smaller than California), one-twentieth
that of Australia, and 1.5 times that of Britain. Three-quarters of the country is mountainous, with
plains and basins covering the remaining area. Japan consists of a long series of islands
stretching for 3,000 kilometers from north to south. The four main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu,
Shikoku, and Kyushu.

Japan is surrounded by sea. Warm and cold currents flow through the seas around it, creating
an environment that supports a variety of fish species.
Most of Japan is in the Northern Temperate Zone of the earth and has a humid monsoon climate,
with southeasterly winds blowing from the Pacific Ocean during the summer and northwesterly
winds blowing from the Eurasian continent in the winter.

The country has four well-defined seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Two of the
most beautiful sights in Japan are the cherry blossoms in spring and the vibrant reds, oranges,
and yellows of the autumn leaves. The Japanese people enjoy these signs of the changing
seasons and track their progress with weather reports, which feature maps showing where the
spring blossoms and autumn leaves are at their best. The far north and south of Japan have
very different climates. In March, for example, you can go sunbathing in the south and skiing in
the north!

The country often suffers such serious natural disasters as typhoons, volcanic eruptions, and
earthquakes. Although these disasters can claim many lives, as in the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake of January 1995 and the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011, the Japanese
have been working hard for years to minimize their damage. Japan uses state-of-the-art
technologies to design quake-resistant structures and to track storms with greater precision.
Unit of currency: yen
Language: Japanese (The written Japanese language uses a combination of three writing
systems: kanji, hiragana, and katakana.)
Q. What are the kanji, hiragana, and katakana that the Japanese use for writing?
A.
Kanji is the Japanese word for the written characters that are said to have been created in China
several thousand years ago, though nobody knows exactly where or when. The way kanji got
started was from pictures people drew. Over a long period of time the shape of the pictures
changed, and so most of them no longer look like the original objects. But they still stand for
whole words or parts of words.
Kanji were brought to Japan about 1,900 years ago. There are many thousands of them; one big
dictionary has about 50,000. But people don't actually use that many. There are about 2,136 of
them on the list the government has drawn up for regular use. Elementary school children learn
1,006 by the end of sixth grade. Middle school students learn to write sentences with these 1,006
and learn to read another 1,130.

In addition to kanji, which have meaning and stand for words or parts of words, the Japanese
have two sets of characters for writing sounds. Hiragana have rounded strokes,
while katakana use mostly straight lines. They were developed during the Heian period (794-
1185) from the kanji that came to be used for certain sounds in the Japanese language. There
are 46 characters in each of these two sets, which are called syllabaries, because they stand for
syllables (usually including both a consonant and a vowel, like "ka"). Combined with some extra
dots used to mark changes of the original sounds, these 46 characters are enough to express
all the sounds of modern Japanese.
Hiragana are used together with kanji to write ordinary Japanese words.Katakana are used
mainly to write words borrowed from other languages and names of foreign people and places
as well as to denote sounds and cries of animals.

Main religions: Shinto, Buddhism, and Christianity

Number of prefectures: 47

Photo:JNTO

Capital: Tokyo (population 13,222,760 as of August 2013; land area 2,188.65 square kilometers)

Emperor: Emperor Akihito acceded to the throne as the 125th emperor of Japan in 1989. The
Emperor is the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people.
Government
Legislature: House of Representatives (480 members); House of Councillors (242 members)
Administration: Cabinet Office and 11 ministries and agencies under a prime minister
Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, District Courts, Summary Courts, and Family Courts
Main industries: automobiles, precision machinery, consumer electronics, computers, and other
electronic goods