Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Descubrimiento de Chile
El primer europeo en descubrir Chile fue Fernando de Magallanes, en 1520, siguiendo
el pasaje en el estrecho que lleva su nombre en una pared, en el extremo sur de
América Latina. Tras la conquista del Imperio azteca por Hernán Cortés entre 1518 y
1521, se produce una nueva ola de expansión territorial en la dirección del Imperio
Inca desde 1532. Esto es obra de Francisco Pizarro. La conquista de parte de Chile
comenzó a partir de 1535. Esta conquista se encuentra en un contexto particular
(lucha de poder) y resulta en un asentamiento parcial de los españoles en el Chile de
hoy.
History of Chile
he territory of Chile has been populated since at least 3000 BC. By the 16th century,
Spanish conquistadors began to subdue and colonize the region of present-day Chile,
and the territory became a colony between 1540 and 1820, when it gained
independence from Spain. The country's economic development was successively
marked by the export of first agricultural produce, then saltpeter and later copper. The
wealth of raw materials led to an economic upturn, but also led to dependency, and
even wars with neighboring states. Chile was governed during most of its first 150
years of independence by different forms of restricted government, where the
electorate was carefully vetted and controlled by an elite.
Failure to address the economic and social increases and increasing political awareness
of the less-affluent population, as well as indirect intervention and economic funding
to the main political groups by both the KGB and the CIA, as part of the Cold War, led
to a political polarization under Socialist President Salvador Allende. This in turn
resulted in the 11 September 1973 coup d'état and the military dictatorship of General
Augusto Pinochet, whose subsequent 17-year regime was responsible for numerous
human rights violations and deep market-oriented economic reforms. In 1990, Chile
made a peaceful transition to democracy.
Discovery of Chile
The first European to discover Chile was Ferdinand Magellan, in 1520, following the
passage in the Strait which bears his name on a wall, at the southern tip of Latin
America. Following the conquest of Aztec Empire by Hernán Cortés between 1518 and
1521, a new wave of territorial expansion occurs in the direction of the Inca Empire
from 1532. This is done by Francisco Pizarro. The conquest of part of Chile started from
1535. This conquest is in a particular context (power struggle) and results in a partial
settlement of the Spaniards in today's Chile.