Anexe

Anexa 1
Configuraţia electronică
Element
Masa atomică relativă Masa atomică rotunjită
zSimbol
Izotopi: A=număr de masă (abundenţă %)

1s1 [Ne] 3s23p1

hidrogen aluminiu
1,008 1 26,98 27
1H 13Al
1(99,98), 2(0,015) 27(100)
1s2 [Ne] 3s23p2
heliu siliciu
4,003 4 28,09 28
2He 14Si
4(99,99) 28(92,23), 29(4,67), 30(3,1)
[He] 2s1 [Ne] 3s23p3
litiu fosfor
6,94 7 30,97 31
3Li 15P
7(92,5), 6(7,5) 31(100)
[He] 2s2 [Ne] 3s23p4
beriliu sulf
9,012 9 32,07 32
4Be 16S
9(100) 32(95,02), 33(0,75), 34(4,21), 36(0,02)
[He] 2s22p1 [Ne] 3s23p5
bor clor
10,81 11 35,45 35,5
5B 17Cl
11(80,1), 10(19,9) 35(75,77), 37(24,23)
[He] 2s22p2 [Ne] 3s23p6
carbon argon
12,01 12 39,95 40
6C 18Ar
12(98,9), 13(1,1) 36(0,34), 38(0,06), 40(99,6)
[He] 2s22p3 [Ar] 4s1
azot potasiu
14,01 14 39,10 39
7N 19K
14(99,63), 15(0,37) 39(93,26), 40(0,01), 41(6,73)
[He] 2s22p4 [Ar] 4s2
oxigen
16,00 16 calciu 40,08 40
8O
16(99,76), 17(0,04), 18(0,2) 20Ca 40(96,94), 42(0,65), 43(0,13),
[He] 2s22p5 44(2,09). 48(0,19)
fluor
19,00 19 [Ar] 3d14s2
9F scandiu
19 (100) 44,96 45
21Sc
[He] 2s22p6 45(100)
neon
20,18 20 [Ar] 3d24s2
10Ne titan 47,90 48
20(90,48), 21(0,27), 22(9,25)
22Ti 46(08), 47(7,3), 48(73,8), 49(5,5),
[Ne] 3s1
sodiu 50(5,4)
22,99 23
11Na [Ar] 3d34s2
23(100) vanadiu
50,94 51
[Ne] 3s2 23V
magneziu 50(0,25), 51(99,75)
24,31 24
12Mg
24(78,99), 25(10), 26(11,01)
 RETINETI
, ,
[Ar] 3d54s1 [Ar] 3d104s24p6
crom
52,01 52 kripton 83,80 84
24Cr
50(4,34), 52(83,79), 53(9,5), 54(2,36) 36Kr 78(0,35), 80(2,25), 82(11,6),
[Ar] 3d54s2 83(11,5), 84(57), 86(17,3)
mangan [Kr] 5s1
54,94 55
25Mn rubidiu
55(100) 85,47 85,5
37Rb
[Ar] 3d64s2 85(72,16), 87(27,84)
fier [Kr] 5s2
55,85 56
26Fe stronţiu
54(5,8), 56(91,7), 57(2,2), 58(0,3) 87,62 88
38Sr
[Ar] 3d74s2 84(0,56), 86(9,86), 87(7), 88(82,58)
cobalt [Kr] 4d15s2
58,93 59
27Co ytriu
59(100) 88,91 89
39Y
[Ar] 3d84s2 89(100)
nichel 58,69 59 [Kr] 4d25s2
28Ni 58(68,27), 60(26,1), 61(1,13), 62(3,59), zirconiu 91,22 91
64(0,91) 40Zr 90(51,45), 91(11,22), 92(17,15),
[Ar] 3d104s1 94(17,38), 96(2,8)
cupru [Kr] 4d45s1
63,39 64
29Cu niobiu
63(69,2), 65(30,8) 92,91 93
41Nb
[Ar] 3d104s2 93(100)
zinc 65,41 65 [Kr] 4d55s1
30Zn 64(48,6), 66(27,9), 67(4,1), molibden 95,94 96
68(18,8), 70(0,6) 42Mo 92(14,84), 94(9,25), 95(15,92), 96(16,68),
97(9,55), 98(24,13), 100(9,63)
[Ar] 3d104s24p1
galiu [Kr] 4d55s2
69,72 70 techneţiu
31Ga (98,91) 99
69(60,1), 71(39,9) 43Tc
numai izotopi artificiali
[Ar] 3d104s24p2
[Kr] 4d75s1
germaniu 72,61 73
32Ge
ruteniu 101,07 101
70(20,5), 72(27,4), 73(7,8),
44Ru 96(5,52), 98(1,88), 99(12,7), 100(12,6),
74(36,5), 76(7,8)
101(17,0), 102(31,6), 104(18,7)
[Ar] 3d104s24p3
arsen [Kr] 4d85s1
74,92 75 rhodiu
33As 102,9 103
75(100) 45Rh
103(100)
[Ar] 3d104s24p4
[Kr] 4d105s0
seleniu 78,96 79
paladiu 106,42 106
34Se 74(0,9), 76(9,2), 77(7,6), 78(23,6),
46Pd 102(1,02), 104(11,14), 105(22,33),
80(49,7), 82(9,0)
106(27,33), 108(26,46), 110(11,72)
[Ar] 3d104s24p5
brom [Kr] 4d105s1
79,91 80 argint
35Br 107,87 108
79(50,69), 81(49,31) 47Ag
107(51,84), 109(48,16)
colecţia
2 EDUCAŢIONAL
 Anexe

[Kr] 4d105s2 [Xe] 4f35d06s2

praseodim
cadmiu 112,40 112 140,9 141
59Pr
48Cd 106(1,25), 108(0,89), 110(12,49), 141(100)
111(12,80), 112(24,13), 113(12,22),
114(28,73), 116(7,49)
[Xe] 4f45d06s2
neodim
[Kr] 4d105s25p1 144,2
60Nd
indiu 7 izotopi, 142 - 150
114,82 115
49In [Xe] 4f55d06s2
113(4,3), 115(95,7)
promeţiu
[Kr] 4d105s25p2 (145)
61Pm
118,71 119 numai izotopi artificiali
staniu
112(0,97), 114(0,65), 115(0,36), [Xe] 4f65d06s2
50Sn 116(14,53), 117(7,68), 118(24,22),
samariu
150,36
119(8,58), 120(32,59), 122(4,63), 62Sm
124(5,79) 7 izotopi, 144 - 154

[Kr] 4d105s25p3 [Xe] 4f75d06s2

stibiu europiu
121,75 122 151,96
63Eu
51Sb 151(47,8), 153(52,2)
121(57,3), 123(42,7)
[Kr] 4d105s25p4 [Xe] 4f75d16s2
gadoliniu
127,6 128 157,25
telur 64Gd
120(0,09), 122(2,60), 123(0,91), 7 izotopi, 152 - 160
52Te
124(4,82), 125(7,14), 126(18,95), [Xe] 4f95d06s2
128(31,69), 130(33,8) terbiu
158,92
[Kr] 4d105s25p5 65Tb
iod 159(100)
126,9 127
53I [Xe] 4f105d06s2
127(100) dysprosiu
162,5
[Kr] 4d105s25p6 66Dy
7 izotopi, 156-164
xenon 131,3 131
[Xe] 4f115d06s2
54Xe 124(0,1), 126(0,09), 128(1,91), holmiu
129(26,4), 130(4,1), 131(21,2), 164,93
67Ho
132(26,9), 134(10,4), 136(8,9) 165(100)
[Xe] 6s1 [Xe] 4f125d06s2
cesiu erbiu
132,9 133 167,26
55Cs 68Er
133(100) 6 izotopi, 162-170
[Xe] 6s2 [Xe] 4f135d06s2
137,34 137 tuliu
bariu 168,93
69Tm
56Ba 130(0,11), 132(0,1), 134(2,42), 169(100)
135(6,59), 136(7,85), 137(11,23),
138(71,70) [Xe] 4f145d06s2
yterbiu
[Xe] 5d16s2 173,04
70Yb
lantan 7 izotopi, 168-176
138,91 139
57La
138(0,09), 139(99,91) [Xe] 4f145d16s2
luteţiu
[Xe] 4f15d16s2 174,97
71Lu
ceriu 175(97,4), 176(2,59)
140,1 140
58Ce
4 izotopi, 136 - 142
colecţia
EDUCAŢIONAL 3
 RETINETI
, ,
[Xe] 4f145d26s2 [Xe] 4f145d106s26p5
hafniu astatin
178,49 (210)
72Hf 85At
6 izotopi, 174-180 numai izotopii artificiali 205-2011
[Xe] 4f145d36s2 [Xe] 4f145d106s26p6
tantal radon
180,94 (222)
73Ta 86Rn
180(0,01), 181(99,99) numai izotopi artificiali (208-224)
[Xe] 4f145d46s2 [Rn] 7s1
wolfram franciu
183,84 (223)
74W 87Fr
5 izotopi, 180-186 numai izotopi artificiali (210-227)
[Xe] 4f145d56s2 [Rn] 7s2
reniu radiu
186,21 (226)
75Re 88Ra
185(37,4), 187(62,6) numai izotopi artificiali 223-230
[Xe] 4f145d66s2 [Rn] 6d17s2
osmiu actimiu
190,23 190 (227)
76Os 89Ac
7 izotopi, 184-192 numai izotopi artificiali 224-229
[Xe] 4f145d76s2 [Rn] 6d27s2
iridiu toriu
192,22 192 232,03
77Ir 90Th
191(37,3), 193(62,7) 232(100)
[Xe] 4f145d96s1 [Rn] 5f26d17s2
platină protactiniu
195,08 195 231,03
78Pt 91Pa
6 izotopi, 190 - 198 numai izotopi artificiali 228-234
[Xe] 4f145d106s1 [Rn] 5f36d17s2
aur uraniu
196,97 197 238,02 238
79Au 92U
197(100) 234(0,005), 235(0,72), 236(99,275)
[Xe] 4f145d106s2 [Rn] 5f46d17s2
mercur neptuniu
200,59 201 (237)
80Hg 93Np
7 izotopi, 196 - 204 numai izotopi artificiali 234-240
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p1 [Rn] 5f66d07s2
taliu plutoniu
204,38 204 (239,1)
81Tl 94Pu
203(29,52), 205(70,48) numai izotopi artificiali 234-246
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p2 [Rn] 5f77s2
plumb americiu
207,2 207 (243)
82Pb 95Am
204(1,4), 206(24,1), 207(22,1), 208(52,4) numai izotopi artificiali 237-245
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p3 [Rn] 5f76d17s2
bismut curiu
208,98 209 (247)
83Bi 96Cm
209(100) numai izotopi artificiali 240-250
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p4 [Rn] 5f96d07s2
poloniu berkeliu
(210) (247)
84Po 97Bk
numai izotopi artificiali (204-210) numai izotopi artificiali 243-250

colecţia
4 EDUCAŢIONAL
 Anexe

[Rn] 5f106d07s2
californiu
(252)
98Cf
numai izotopi artificiali 246-255
[Rn] 5f116d07s2
einsteiniu
(252)
99Es
numai izotopi artificiali 249-256
[Rn] 5f126d07s2
fermiu
(257)
100Fm
numai izotopi artificiali 251-257
[Rn] 5f136d07s2
mendeleeviu
(258)
101Md
numai izotopi artificiali 247-260
[Rn] 5f146d07s2
nobeliu
259
102No
numai izotopi artificiali 250-262
[Rn] 5f146d17s2
lawrenciu
(262)
103Lr
numai izotopi artificiali 253-262

colecţia
EDUCAŢIONAL 5