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Convoluciones - Material PDF
Convoluciones - Material PDF
Ingeniería de Telecomunicación
Universidad de Valladolid
1 Convoluciones discretas
Definición y Propiedades
Ejemplos
2 Convoluciones continuas
Definición y Propiedades
Ejemplos
Definición
∞
X
y [n] = x[n] ∗ h[n] = x[k ]h[n − k ]
−∞
Propiedades
Elemento neutro: x[n] ∗ δ[n] = x[n]
Conmutativa: x[n] ∗ h[n] = h[n] ∗ x[n]
Asociativa:
x[n] ∗ (h1 [n] ∗ h2 [n]) = (x[n] ∗ h1 [n]) ∗ h2 [n] = (x[n] ∗ h2 [n]) ∗ h1 [n] = x[n] ∗ h1 [n] ∗ h2 [n]
Distributiva: x[n] ∗ (h1 [n] + h2 [n]) = x[n] ∗ h1 [n] + x[n] ∗ h2 [n]
Ejemplo 1 ∞
X
x[n] = 1
δ[n] + 2δ[n − 1] y [n] = x[n] ∗ h[n] = x[k ]h[n − k ]
2
k =−∞
h[n] = u[n] − u[n − 3]
x[k]
2 h[k]
1
1
2 k k
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
h[n − k]
• n < 0, y[n] = 0
k
P
∞
1
• n = 0, y[0] = x[k]h[0 − k] = x[0]h[0] = 2
n−2 n k=−∞
n−1 P∞
5
• n = 1, y[1] = x[k]h[1 − k] = x[0]h[1] + x[1]h[0] = 2
y[n] k=−∞
P∞
5
5 • n = 2, y[2] = x[k]h[2 − k] = x[0]h[2] + x[1]h[1] = 2
2 2 k=−∞
P∞
• n = 3, y[3] = x[k]h[3 − k] = x[1]h[2] = 2
k=−∞
1
2
• n > 3, y[n] = 0
n
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x[k] h[k]
αk βk
··· k ··· k
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
h[n − k]
β (n−k)
··· k
n
• n < 0, y[n] = 0
y[n]
n
β n+1 −αn+1
• n ≥ 0, y[n] = αk β n−k =
P
β−α
k=0
β n+1 − αn+1
y[n] = u[n]
β−α
··· n
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Ejemplo 3
∞
X
( ( y [n] = x[n] ∗ h[n] = x[k ]h[n − k ]
1, 0≤n≤4 αn , 0 ≤ n ≤ 6
x[n] = , h[n] = k =−∞
0, resto 0, resto
x[k]
h[k]
αk
1
k k
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
h[n − k]
y[n] (
n−6>0 4 n−4
−α7
αn−k = α 1−α
P
• ⇒ 6 < n ≤ 10, y[n] =
n−6≤4 k=n−6
n
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5
Ejemplo 4 ∞
X
x[n] = 2n u[−n] y [n] = x[n] ∗ h[n] = x[k ]h[n − k ]
k =−∞
h[n] = u[n]
x[k] h[k]
k 1
2
···
··· k k
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
h[n − k]
1
···
k
0 n
y[n]
n
2
• n < 0, y[n] = 2k = 2n+1
P
k=−∞
0
1
• n ≥ 0, y[n] = 2k = 2
P
1 ···
k=−∞
2
1 1 1
16 8 4
··· n
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
x[k] h[k]
1 k 1 k
0 5 0 2 7 11 16
x[n − k]
• n < 2, y[n] = 0
P
n
• 2 ≤ n ≤ 7, y[n] = 1=n−1 1 k
k=2
P
7 0 n
• 8 ≤ n ≤ 10, y[n] = 1 = 13 − n n−5
k=n−5
y[n]
• 11 ≤ n ≤ 12, y[n] = 3 6 6
5 5 5 5
P
n
• 13 ≤ n ≤ 16, y[n] = 1 = n − 10 4 4 4 4
k=11
3 3 3 3 3 3
P
16
• 17 ≤ n ≤ 21, y[n] = 1 = 22 − n 2 2
k=n−5
1 1
• n ≥ 22, y[n] = 0 n
0 1 2 7 10 13 16 22
x[k] h[k]
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
k 1 k
−2 −1 0 1 0 2 3 4 5
x[k + n] x[n − k]
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
k k
−n 0 0 n
y[n]
3
0 n
−2 −1 1 2 3 4 5 6
−1
Definición
Z ∞
y (t) = x(t) ∗ h(t) = x(τ )h(t − τ )dτ
−∞
Propiedades
Elemento neutro: x(t) ∗ δ(t) = x(t)
Conmutativa: x(t) ∗ h(t) = h(t) ∗ x(t)
Asociativa:
x(t) ∗ [h1 (t) ∗ h2 (t)] = [x(t) ∗ h1 (t)] ∗ h2 (t) = [x(t) ∗ h2 (t)] ∗ h1 (t)
Ejemplo 1 Z ∞
y (t) = x(t) ∗ h(t) = x(τ )h(t − τ )dτ
x(t) = e−at u(t), a>0 −∞
h(t) = u(t)
x(τ ) h(τ )
1 1
e−aτ
τ τ
0 0
h(t − τ )
1
τ
t
• t < 0, y(t) = 0
y(t) Rt 1−e−at
• t ≥ 0, y(t) = 0 e−aτ dτ = a
1/a
1 − e−at
y(t) = u(t), ∀t
t a
Ejemplo 2
( (
1, 0<t <T t, 0 < t < T
x(t) = , h(t) =
0, resto 0, resto
x(τ ) h(τ )
2T
τ
1
τ τ
0 T 0 2T
• t ≤ 0, y(t) = 0 x(t − τ )
1
(
t>0 Rt 2
• ⇒ 0 < t ≤ T, y(t) = 0 τ dτ = t2
t−T ≤0
( τ
t − T > 0, t
⇒ T < t ≤ 2T, y(t) = t−T τ dτ = tT − 21 T 2
R
• t−T t
t ≤ 2T
( y(t)
t > 2T, R 2T
3T 2 /2
• ⇒ 2T < t ≤ 3T, y(t) = t−T τ dτ = tT − 21 t2 + 32 T 2
t − T ≤ 2T
t2
u(t) − 12 (t − T )2 u(t − T ) + 2T 2 − 12 t2 u(t − 2T )+ T 2 /2
` ´
y(t) =
`21 2 3 2 t
´
+ 2
t − tT − 2
T u(t − 3T )
0 T 2T 3T
Ejemplo 3 Z ∞
y (t) = x(t) ∗ h(t) = x(τ )h(t − τ )dτ
x(t) = e2t u(−t) −∞
h(t) = u(t − 3)
x(τ ) h(τ )
1 1
e2τ
τ τ
0 0 3
h(t − τ )
1
τ
t−3 0
R t−3
y(t) • t − 3 < 0 ⇒ t < 3, y(t) = e2τ dτ = 12 e2(t−3)
R−∞
0
1/2 • t − 3 ≥ 0 ⇒ t ≥ 3, y(t) = −∞
e2τ dτ = 1
2
1 1h i
t y(t) = e2(t−3) + 1 − e2(t−3) u(t − 3)
2 2
0 3