‘ NANCY DOUGLAS ) JAMES R. MORGAN ms - ooha World Class EXPANDING ENGLISH FLUENCY NANCY DOUGLAS | JAMES R. MORGAN 3» CENGAGE «© Learning (eee ic EARNINGfc Relevant, high frequency vocabulary is practiced in contextualized exercises. Pronunciation boxes offer support and tips as well as cross reference to full explanation and practice in the appendix. ‘The Grammar section allows learners torefine their grammar skills and practice the grammar through first controlled and then open-ended activities. first half of each unit leads students t Ind communicative practi pe Clearly stated Unit Outcomes provi, roadmap of learning for the student. stunning images and thought-provokin ‘questions encourage learners to think critically about the unit theme, Listening activities encourage learners to listen for and consolidate Ke! information, reinforcing the language. 2 allowing learners to personalize and think critically about the information they #2" The Connections section allows learner to synthesize the vocabulary and g'@”""* they have learned through personalz#2 communication,The econd half ofthe unit strands i Your Fluency. Forthisreason Learners navigate interest readings from Notions) ea pre, while, and postreed ie jing activites heli them to comprehend the main des mete det ofthe pasoge ing and relevant -09raphic through ‘The Writing section includes writing models ‘to prompt learners to complete a functional piece of writing and also serves as a ‘culminating activity in many units. The Expanding Your Fluency section allows learners to apply the language they have learned throughout the unit in real-world ‘tasks and offers self-assessment checks. Dulld on one another with a final communi \e order of strands may building an unication. The ative task before Expanding ry from unit to Learners are encouraged to perform Speaking tasks in pairs and groups. Where appropriate strategies are provided to ensure students successful communication, The Video section brings the world into the classroom with authentic clips, including news stories, PSAs, and National Geographic documentaries. WalkthroughCen) eee eed Cer prot ems! pee ea) about one of them reer a) en ta) Se ee ance ea Sree ee rd Se sy cere ae ees pes et handle challenging questionsVocabulary the most typical person at your school. Do you fit the description of the *mostt A. Describe ae BE peson"? Why or why not? Tell a partner ‘he typical person inthis school is between 19 and 22 years old, has dark hate al effort and sources determine to find out ort ambitious needing exe tobe cried out sucessfully the desire to achieve set out to stat n something exceptional statistics numerical facts that ae ogthte thou ‘average the normal amount or quality fora group of analyzing informs id things or people fects parieui n idea or plan typical shor person or thing feaa come up with ‘0 sugge average ~ oar = B__ On our planet of seven billion people, who is the most typical human? In an ambitious effor, Scientists Set out to list the traits of the most typical human being. Guess what they found, According to statistics, the average person 1. speaks Spanish /Englsh (Chines / French. 4.(fia3/ doesn't have a cell phone. Ris ald) female 5. has KGoesn't 3s under 20 X31-30Y over 30, 6 tes (ma av®) a bank accou Yin a smal subu C To determine what the average human being on Earth looks like, scientists then collected photos 8 120,000 of the worl's most typical people. After combining the photos electronically the scentiss came up with = fade that looked like one of the photos on the unit opener. In pairs, discuss: Which Photo ist? Ask | Answer} How similar are you to the worlds Person? Explain your answer with examples.Grammar What do we know about Dan aed bout Dan's living situation? Match each sentence (1-4) with an explanation (@-C) 4 Use the chart to help you. Explain your answers toa partner © 1. Dan ved in Europe fortwo yeas 3. Dani 2. 0 was lving in Europe a the ti atthe tine 4, Dan has been living in Europe for tw © bond heinEuop ane, gif RU sini esse nie wth the perfect tenes to dese “ime Spo rom "Ue for ot no ice) th he spe past terse fora time perad that has comet a e08. Dan may oF may not lve in Europe now. | Review of Past Tenses | simple past: Use for actions completed in the post ata speciic We graduated together. |_time ometimes inferred). Use time expresions lke 9 year ago, eater ody, last summer, and the other day. past continuous: Use for ongoing past actions that ' ing al | ing past actions that may or may | was working al day yesterday fot be completed. Use with the simple past to descrive what was i ple past to describe what \We were studying in college When we He worked there for a year {going on when the action in the simple past occur feelin oe rented that apartment. present perfect: Use for actions begun inthe past and continuing ve worked here fora year Up to now and for actions in the past that relate tothe present. Use tie expressions ike lth recent, Upto now cing the st ovo Hawe,ou ever studied Portas? ‘months, and this week: Pesan perfect continaos: Use toamphest be lenthoh ay Feethy re been working too much. vent in spoken English the verb fo be's almost aay a cOM=CON. Ss been waiting for an hour! i i Bead about Liam. Complete each sentence with the correct past form of the verb in parentheses. Se og ane a iceman } @ attend) gtfonded college, After graduation, he 3. move) waved back in { swith is parents for a year to save money. He (8 ve) lus laudel there ever since, S ' i ‘Occupation He (5. start) lacizd a smal business with two other people \ pati Sere bo caaen 24.7, cee) clad —_ayear go. Srcethen, IS he, work) xe Leas for a large tech compa. vu j Health He ner. smoke) bbe. is We, Last ear, he (10. un) “Vie nis fst marathon meet) ZT his wife two years ago. They (12. tak) | Rigonshie He 0. eet years ago, They ( ue fee. sos na 2 baby in the next year FaKive> Now ask your partner three questions about Liam. Now it's your turn! In pairs, tell each other litle bit about yourselves, using the some categories and model language in Activity 8 Who We AreListening ae rerio te pred of re abou ty ye) takes reer 0 eo Protecting fer ig Yor children to growv up and have their own families 'A. Look at the illustration. Answer the questions with ay 2 partner: 4. What do you know about your family tree? Tell your partner two fact. 2. How did you learn that information? How has your family history been preserved? B Listen to an advertisement for a Web site. Mark all Gf the statements that are true New Family Tree... Bfacuses on family statistics and research. [ilets you upload photos and video. Aiconnects you with families all over the word ‘Wlatiows members to share and tel stories lenabies you to share memories with your elatves. ‘family tre sa gram that shows faray meres and thar eatonhips ove several generators. Typical he oder generations are the op ol he tree and the youngest relatnes are at he baton. How does the site work? Listen and number D__ What kinds of questions can you answer Gy the steps in the correct order. One step isextra. 4&0" the site? Listen again and complete the se sample questions below. Then choose on Za. choose a question a ‘and ask your partner about Fb send tne question to someone sii ere a i mechan ——4. pay a membership fee 2 Who was Ee , © write an answer tothe question sony —LA. read the answer to the question 3. Whats j i ever , 4 ms be ; 5. What is a from your ghichoodviucyv A Youare going to watch the video The Human Family, Tree. Complete the sentences with the correct options. ancestors det ine genirations sting out Scientists are (1) _-# to answer some questions. On a single street in New York City, they are collecting DNA samples ‘rom people from all over the world including Thailand, Ecuador, Africa, and the Caribbean. They are trying to use the DNA to comeupswith some answers about the past. Will the scientists be able to use the samples to trace back each persons 2)_1__ many (3)_2 and (4) _% _ where they came from? ‘And will they learn anything about the “human farily ree”? ona re bur B Answer these questions witha partner. ode BE 1, wity are the scientists doing DNA tests in New York City? 2. What do you think they wi ean about the “human family tree"? C Watch the video. Decide if each statement s true or fale. Then, [ER correc the fase sentences to make them true. Explain your gy answers toa partner 1. A key human question “Where are my ancestors? Tue False 2. Typally, we can trace our famiy tree Back one or two generations. we Fase 5. DNA testing takes us back upto twelve generations. we False 44. We each cary kind of genetic strc document inside us. Tue fase 5, Our ancestors adapted to diferent cultures. Tue Fake 6. tthe genetic level, we are basicaly identical. hGcaens D_ summarize the video in your own words. Use these questions to help you. ‘What was happening? a Who was leading the study, and why did they do it? ‘Anivee Wate oe What di they discover? Hawn ences ‘What were people hoping to find out? Why orwhynot?MACEDON y IA Reading gS ‘A. head the ttle ofthe passage and look at the photo Be tans pamermate onto evening you oH & about Cleopatra. Then read the passage. How many we St jaurles wee mentioned te ace? TuRKey * cyrus Alexandria B_ Next to each statement, write the correct leter (7, F or). Underline the information in the passage that helped you choose your answers, om, #0 LIBYA a piroersouicines” | EY Cleopatra IB Cleopatra's kingdom at ha four ilcren areatest extent, 34-31 8c asked bya snake ws honored by the Romans ater her death 1. was Egypt ist queen, 2. wae Greek 3. was wel-educated 4. was. beautiful woman, is buried near the ciy of Alexandria C_ Why are these numbers and dates important to Cleopatra's life and the search for her? Write your answers on another piece of paper. 69ece 4 18 2 asece 308cE 38 20,000 Use the information in Exercises B and C to summarize Cleopatra's life. Make a list of 4-6 ages, numbers, and dates that are important in your lfe. Use them to tell a partner about “who you are,” It’s time to step out of your own identity and into someone: else's. Get into a small group of 3-5 people. One person isa TV talk show host who interviews popular celebrities, The: ‘others are today’s quests on the show; you can choose: Cleopatra, her brother Ptolemy, Julius Caesar, and Mare Antony. You are going to create 82-3 minute role-play, BT mero * Fist come up with 5-6 interesting quest guests. Decide how each guest would respond, Use info from the reading and your magination 0 help you ‘Present your role-play to another group,eT es) 7 ‘The deadly’Snake satin its case. “Bring ime the basket!” Cleopatra ordered her servants. Roman soldiers were invading? her country, and the queen of Egypt would __iather die than live as a prisoner. Cleopatra [picked up the snake and let it bite her, Within minutes, she was dead. This story has been told for centuries. But di it really happen? Like so mud knows for sue, Teen Queen We now litle about Cleopatra, but some information about her has survived. We nay, fr example, that she was born in 69 BCE toa Grek family who ruled yp for nearly three hundted yeas. Growing upin Alesandria, Cleopatra studied science and math, She also learned to speak several langusges, including Greek Latin, and Egyptian, i Roman Empire was planning to invade. Cleopatr was alo at war with her younger brother, Ptler phim, Cleopatra persuaded the Roman general Jullus Cees to helper, With Caesar help, Cleopatr dead her rote, Caesar also helped Cleopatra preserve Egypt independence from Rome The pariners soon became coupe and at age the pa ely ad he hd ete foo sp Rome mina yn eum C130 BE, hgh, Rome wo, a Mar Aon ane Ceopat ied has lp Fert har ul) yor an cc dea Erasing the Pst After Cleopatra died the Romans invented negative stories about her and destroyed art wth er image on i. They dat want Egyptians o remember their former queen (Overtime, earthquakes also destroyed buildings, andthe seaaround Alexandria rose. Within ew hundred years, ros of Cleopatra world wis buried underwater, Asa rest, we know very litle about how Cleoptrs ive or exactly how she ded, Although tories ten describe her 2s eautifl we dont eally know what she loked ike The Search Begins But this may be changing. Today archaeologists have started searching the Mediterranean near Alexandria, Cleopatra home. So far, they've brought up 20,000 objects from the sea. Many probably existed during Cleopatra ite ‘On and nears, other archaeologists have discovered new tombs, and ther resigns that someone Important may be buried there. "My dream isto ind statue of Cleopatra” says one explorer. So far however, neither search has located Cleopatra yet evading etsy & cot oe wth an ary “ome onan orotate ty hr 0d Stet 1 wr aD on sores nabate te ‘ued ine be ore wns core hehConnections A. Read the ad. Then discuss with a 2f personality traits should a good ct CORE eur ‘education, skill, and experience you have © Take turns. Tell a partner at least one thin 5. 2pplication. Then jin another pat of ty partner: What does a cultural ambassador do? What ‘ltural ambassador have? cultural ami \dor Australia! mee hase o rogram for people who Avail Beene ACE aan teach others " {nformation and to fill out your application, visit w es ‘You are applying for this postion. Complete Sections 1-4 (not 5) of the application. ‘SECTION 1: STUDENT INFORMATION Name fis, middle, last) Mekads Mae Medlads aie Fauci - mall aadiess [7 Ear 2 Date of bith pf ty [Yamiose. State [Yara County Pyopatmcpen — SECTION 2: EDUCATION Treedhc School Location Dates attended Sica ngpt-O U- Coanh|( Zale SECTION 3: LANGUAGES AND TRAVEL EXPERIENCE Languages you speak (2iBuach and fedlzh | Years studied [= Van Travel experience domes or iterations : SECTION 4: ACTIVES Pease ist any activites that you patcipate in: work, sports, music, et. Years/months doing it oust | (Core Jarrod Sl ees SECTION 5: PERSONAL STATEMENT Why do you want tobe a cultural ambassador? Ky Hours each weet } | ee Kiiates cide it Zeon — tudents and introd UnieNriting i writing a Persona Statement . Personal Statement ied Read one student's personal statement "and answer the questions [want to bea cultural ambassador because m interested in earning about Australia. [also wan to teach others about my county Brazil. believe that my background and experience have prepared me to “TIP Be sure to define any participate inthe ACEX program in different ways, words e-., capoeia) that are To be a good cultural ambassador, a person should be Unfamiliar fo your reader: knowledgeable about his culture. think Iam. For example, Ive been studying capocira forthe lst three years, Capocia isa Brazilian at form that combines dance and martial ars. | practice freight hours week, and love it. Once I performed fora group of tourists, After the performance, they asked many questions abou capoeira an Brazil enjoyed telling them about both in English ve always liked learning about other cures, to. slau in English, and I also speak some Spanish. Ihave never traveled ouside Brazil, but Ive met many people fom all ver the word herein Sao Paulo I believe this experience has also prepared me to participate in this program. am ready to seta ona big adventore—to bea cultural ambassador in Australia. think its important to learn about other ‘countries customs and to shate your own with the rst ofthe world "hope that you wll consider my application! Last paragraph: Restate your inteestin te poston Did the applicant answer both questions asked in Section 5 of the application omg 2. Would he be @ good cultural amb Wry or why not? Now write your own personal state + Reread Sections 1~4 of your application What information is important to include} ‘ook back at your ist of traits in Exercise ‘ones describe you? Include them in your sa Exchange papers with another student | partner's statement. Does it ae + anaes bath aeons sed n Secon of te app + follow the writing Strategy?Speaking x Imagine that you work forthe ACEX Pro ree uttural ambassadors in Australia. Read the questions soe ces and write ix addtional interview questons on 2S oo avout the applicant's background, educator, #4 rare co You alo want tokrow why the person wants o be @ cll 1. Tellme alittle about yourself. Where are -rip Here ae some useful prompts to help formulate you from? Have you ever lived or traveled ual additional questions. eS ia! anyuhere ee? «Teli me more about 2. Whatare your hobbies? How long have decide to do it? ‘+ What did you learn from + Why is important to you? + Have you ever ing to interview people who have applic 2. You ae a gw Then ook back at the apolaty vate piece of paper. Remember: yoy ‘and activities in as much detail ag ral ambassador. ‘Work in pairs. One of you will interview. the other, using your questions fromm enn Exercise A. Take notes on your partner's responses, Use the expressions in the ‘Speaking Strategy to help you. o you want tobe a cultural ambassador? If 50, to which country? Speaking Rages oe Seay | Geummocinrwn yocesare eer ‘interviewer for asking the lak ‘That's a) good / great question. os = Ae ‘Fm glad you asked (me) that (question), He a Sn yore tht tin resting. 've never been asked that meee on bt sen Repeating the question Inte }ENOUS in an inter Accesiy Steve,” ett vega waldo our county) lave lever traveled outs m y ide my County? We, en I-90 haven't, but I 2Before You Play $+ Work ina group of four. Complete the questions on the game board * Take ten small pieces of paper. Write (true) on five pieces and F (false) on the other five. Shuffle the papers and place them face down in a deck Put your markers on START, Playing the Game gi flip.2 coin. Heads = move one square. Tails = move two squares. Read the question on that square. * Turn over a piece of paper; don't show your group. f the paper says T, answer the question truthfully If it says F, make up an answer, Return the paper to the bottom of the deck. Each person will ask you one follow-up question to determine if you are teling the truth Finally, each person guesses if its the truth or nat. most people quesscorectl, you stay where you are It mast people guess incorrety, ou move forward one space. The fist player to reach FINISH isthe winner! 10. Have you ever (be) Lee out of the country? % 8. When was the last time you ey Aor angry? Rank how well you can perform these outcomes on a scale of 1-5 (S being the best). tenses to ask ss Ps eiSerbece sesderRaa ‘and answer questions about memorable life eventsThe World‘Where do you think this photo Ra ed pected pee cd ete De Rae ‘Where would you go? What Ret re ant) you go with? ee pe ek Netgear Neen these places? RAS on and Cee eet a effectively Bere aay structures to describe experiences De a Pee aedVocabulary 2 What did you do? When was the lat time you went on vacation? Where did you 90? WP uestions with a partner. Read the descriptions of these vacation places. Then answer the questio Be OBS> 1. What is each place known fo der of preference. Explain your an 2, Which place would you most ike to vst? Rank each place in order of P | accessible easy to reach or get into. diverse varied or ciferent | adventurous wiling to take risks and get away to go away on vacation ave ne execs ee ee ee errr aa breathtaking very beautiful or amazing picturesque attractive, especialy in. an ~ home, ~ hotel, ~ resort, ~ spy harm te quality of being learnt ol fasoned way ard attacive remote ar 20/ Wc eh res | convenience ease; sualiy spot lace, kati» before spot? vation ~ | sinner ra ang cin apo -eennennannsssnan scamedantiid, destination? Add one more. final =, tourist ultimate ~ PRONUNCIATION Novice how a sutfix affects the tes ina word: hoxary lururious; e Seepage 145 for more | Kalaiau Valley Qtawai) > information on sutves and tes. ‘aly a asesi by aur ory way ofthe tekioretorKalsu ral Tho ‘ance ays known to eee} /a What has realy surprbed you in Tellus about your DOO SE your travels polaroid travel photography 1s Are there places you haven't been Es there more 10 say about 1 yet that you want to vist? your writing? 7 C How do your travel experiences “F What style of traveler are yOu? influence your music? | Seo BB _ Rend the interdew-Then read the statements below. Whichvonles ape t0 2280" MFAzL OI planes A Ike to sything before | go anywhere gr (walk around without a specific purpose) 1 a 3. BZ] think people everywhere are more alike than they are different. 4, ike to write down my experiences. 5. [)_thave a new camera so take as many photos as possible. 6. E]_Younced to go far away to have interesting experiences ‘Why is each place significant for Jason? With a partner, discuss at least one reason for each location. pen pars NewYork San Diego Japan Antarctica D Find a word or expression B in paragraph 1 that means to finaly arrive somewhere after a while. in paragraph 1 that means to hur. in paragraph 1 that means done ina sysden or unplanned way. in paragraph 1 that means well-known buildings or sites. — in paragraph 2 that means a person who doesnt belong toa group. (Ela che 1 2 3 4 5. in paragraph 2 that means shy and nervous. [ia 6 z 8 in paragraph 3 that means choose very careful not easy to please, in paragraph 4 that means a way. 9, in paragraph 5 that means being alone. 7 3 swer_ Look back tthe statements in Exerc What are some of your favorite of seeing or tinking srosretig. a deakecliv le ise B. Which ones are true for you? travel memories? 5A spontaneous one, with ite preparation. {pack light 1 dont fel a need to tush through all the major landmarks. Like, i go to Baris | might jst take a walk it no map or tourist ste in mind, and end.up ina neighborhood coffe shop. guess Tm traveler who likes to think he’ not traveling Thats how Tended up (7 in San Diego. [traveled there and found this great coffee ‘Shop that I love to make music in and I ended up staying Tye lve there for tlve years nov. Tim constantly surprised that no matter where 1g, people ane simi, jus trying to make it? Were all quiet and shy « inan elevator with other people. Before I ever traveled to Japan I thought maybe it would be ike anther planet Butshen I got there I realized, oh, these are just humans ‘over eve doing the sre human thing, perhaps with Arent resources, t made me fee! less id dou going Places and more able to jst walk through awllage 5, GGhana-or anywhere else in the workd—looking like a vem a moa i = lof keep a rave anal ju aon the tes somewhere and write A jouraa that bought isthe Ce" best sowvenic allows me olive my memories of Pcs around the word, tone pont started rte ‘ih Polaroid 60 instant camer. Lou ost sap 2 Ficure and putt right in with my journal entry. With ‘Polaroid, you never know what oul et. Bese Polaroid im ss rare and ll expensive, Became ‘ery particular about what { sho. Wal digital caer "right take a handed picts in a mater of ite tae. bath Pl wind ey tooo! Hook or scenes with dep ik longline of lanigpos. Hove looking up in he tees and at buildings. ‘When youre comfortable with lace, yo forget to look ep. New Yorkers never look up, Onl the tourist do. Sometimes on mi blog write from traveler eapectve. There ate people who never eve their ome state that yon vel wetng to ep them experience mor ofthe word Knowing that alo encourage people twerplor pices sear their own commits. 1 gee opin Mecha, Virgina or ample eich is rch wth itory very tie Lao homed smeting mised growing up, suchas visinga itricbateld? Te alvays wanted to fke a rae to Antartica to see that continent. That would besa brant i for tare, solide and for writing in the journal. To aly See the world, you should vill yen continent and that the ony one Chae not been. I guess I'ma traveler who likes to think he’s not traveling. frosadour a vontrg msn ‘ae tenes nia oan senetrg to rod fcr at rt oe et BOY Atmpapicure sieve ‘Citing ace wn tte areas cone: ‘The World Awaits 19Speaking wate A Readth ‘own list on a separate sheet of paper using thes ‘ote in the box about albucket list. Then create Your categories. Write jt least one goal for each ca he steps below. Nork with a partner to get advice on your bucket lst. Fol Then s roles and repeat the activity Making Suggestions Student 1 Speaking Giving advice goals, Exp Strategy - e t student 2: List s Accepting Advice hot Student 1: Take notes on the advice yor Questioning Advice aera Refusing Advice Repeat Exercise B with two new partners D share your findings with the class or ina small group. ‘Answer the questions. 1. What was the best advice you got? Why was it ‘good advice? 2. Which of your classmates’ goals dd you think was the most interesting?Video A You are going to watch a vid Barcelona called Las Ramblas deo about a street in 3s. First, listen to the audio (without watching) and think about these questions Discuss Your answers to the questions with a partner Then watch the video and check your answer, ‘What do the four speakers ey about Gafcaloria and Las Ramblasr webh the tase again and match ‘ach speaker with a risteme REGED, Fac some speaker tortie one og a possible performing outside is better than in the theater ». There’s diverse theater and music from all over the happening at any time of day improved when | moved here from my country ‘maybe in the whole world jOU want to have fun, this i the best street ® action is out on the streets /our answers in Exercise C? Watch the video | What did each speaker say that made you choose Jor aowas in Brace aon i 93In and list the key words and phrases you hear fror Paper. Then compare answers with a partner. Would you like to vist Las Ramblas? Why or why aot?Writing A Descriptive Paragraph A. Read the blog post. Then complete the steps that follow. Abram Recommends: Las Ramblas as Ranson Barone hat stro favre of bth oa Nob sreets, for example, ae tned things make U and locals, The sith trees andi picturesque buildings that are hundreds of years old. In many places, the ground is Gecorate with colorfultilés and mosaics.' Las Ramblas is also known for its lively and festive atmosphere. Diverse groups of performers fram all over the word fil the streets. Day and night, the area is alive with people singing and dancing and artists selling their goods And finaly, near Las Ramblas is one of Barcelona largest produce markets: La Boquera ts the perfect place to pick up a snack. ve Las Ramblas has something for everyone, Out the streets canbe crowded with tourists, particulary inthe summer Par of Las Ramblas can abo be 2 btext night. Athough its best to avoid this area ater da coveral Las Ramblas is a sale and entertaining area ofthe ity. | highly recommend it 1. Complete the statements below with information from the reading ‘Things in Las Ramblas you can .. see lots of pope. picturesque buildings taste hear Grable vii touch 2. Wich adjectives does the writer se to describe Las Ramblas? Cicle them inthe paragraph, Which ones 3% postive? Which have a negative meaning? Compare your answers wth a partner B_ Read the information in the Writing Strategy. Then complete the steps that follow. 1. Think of an interesting place in acy or town you know well @ see, restaurant,beash, or other cao 2. Write statements like those in Exercise A with information about. Your place. Also list relevant adjectives 3. Use your notes to write a blog entry of your place on a separate a Piece of paper. Writing Create a Mental mage When you descrite somethy Strategy your reader information. For example, dont jst oy what makes it that way. You can help your taser 1, Use adjectives and descriptive phrases. wide sce are lined with trees and 2, Describe something in more deta with festive atmosphere Diverse groups of 2 place is beautiful or interesting: expla ae sualize something by doing the following: ‘ | an extra sentence or 5 a performers fe SN: Las Ramblas also known for is Hvely 2d a ovr the word fi the secta What kind of traveler are you? Mark the activities in 1-7 that apply to you. Then answer question 8. when 'm on vacation, | want to getaway from the city and relaxin a tranquil spot I seep late and reas - C1 spend some time ata luxurious spa Some tomer ia ae 7 sug ‘sng ga oo sightseeing evry day. voteking renting : : : 20 se rate ; ; 1D doallotof shopping | ng 2 Sowtoaring 1 ty the local cuisine \What are two activities you lke to do on vacation? ae ee 3! poncndawo Work with a partner. ‘Tourist: You are on vacation in an exotic city. You need help setting your itinerary forthe next two days, Ask the concierge* of your hotel for advice on what to see and doin the area, Use your information from Activity ‘Ato get you started. Respond to the concierge advice by accepting, questioning, oF refusing Hotel Concierge: You are conezne. One of your guest needs help planning an itinerary forthe ret two days, Ask about his or her interests. Suggest places to vst and things to don the area. Describe in detail each place you mention, Jey, ences comsloO Change roles and repeat Activity B. (es. mvsting fora coupe of dys ard looking fo ings 0 sean do F / sfaisfeol Check What You Know Zan how well you can perform these tcbmes on a scale of 1-5 (5 being the best). se descriptive language effectively re gerund and infinitive structures to describe experiences rake travel recommendations Give accept, and question advice ‘centoge a hoa ees wt ho unm arrgn tgs Gntsaea Mee es tiBa aeR Clay Be Re NACL4 cI Cec Peer a a cy ee eames! Cees) Se nea today? Which ones produce er Pg a nuclear reactor td ey Cee any eee ‘What eneray challenges is the erred Unit Outcomes Deas refine your use of future tenses identify the pros and cons of cots Cees peed) eee BeesVocabulary OEE pee, 2 something to move reverse ti con especially in large amounts reverse 10 cause torent pote o cere in the opposite dection ; ceca ald eliminate to remove something entirely ec something up) completely ee roccck eee ere rgner a meee Sony moneen anon de eee eens rnablelong sig 9 Tense prope who eln acta the enone eu negro oye) a a cemanneveounhg the PRjet ‘of something A. Read the energy fhe They proJECT 2 10 percent i 2020. ray statistics. Use the 0 word bank to help you. Did any of the For more information on and, ; see page 146. information surprise you? Why? Ble, 7 GQ did you know? L_ Hydro power could generate 20 percent ofthe enegy that evans nations need Windpower cout supply forty tes more energy han we consume now Ge hou of suright can supply the word wth enough enery Foran ent year Using solar ney rsead of sl us coud ao hep revere theefecs of bal warming (BL the get sure of eletic poner toy canbe ined tio he works coum Experts poet tat natural gas wil pocce 26 percent ofthe words energy by 2020, (Ol powers our ves but ung ols otsitanable and experts pede watraout the ret century cients of once rely on nudes Power 78 cet ofthe ao essays ceccty cones rom ts enry dag ree, | gobsl warming an increase m ants countrys eecticty ay cise. more Srpeonar ener ene than anyother nation nthe wor | Samra ated ri \Which words from the list go with energy? Complete the Word Partnership box. reenly ye Use energy with Discuss these questions with a partner. OB cosume, seaelt Se lC( YC Are tere reg suc we should lint om eu daa Do you believe tha ll even What is one thing you or. 1: energy stuGrammar [A Choose the best answer(s) for items 1-4, More than one option may be possible. Then explain your ‘answers toa partner, & 1, A:Doyou want to see a movie? B:I can't. ths evening, © | atmstudying bat study tm going to study | 2. Experts think the cost of solar power_b _ decrease inthe future 2.15 going to b. wil 3. @Yilltext you when get a break 4. Atthis time tomorrow, to Asia 2.1 travel br text you when Il get a break bit be taveling |e Ey Review of Future Forms definite plans rm going to take the TOEFL next Saturday Fm taking the TOEFL next Saturday predictions By 2040, there are going to be over 8 billion people on arth By 2040, there will be ove 8 ilion people on Earth promises 1 call you tonight after get home. | won't forget ging future actions nen yea Germany wil be using lo and more ‘Complete this quiz with an appropriate future form of the verb in p the questions with a p theses. Then ask and answer ci i? ea 1. which countryutl consume) the mast 4, Which country! “ (run) 50 percent of energy nthe ear fare? the cars on ethan ae made fom corn Gepina bain the United States the future? * a.Mexco —b.Brazil «Japan 2. which countngstH rave) he largest per 4 erson energy this year? 5. Ghote ent demand vila" incease) a canada beRussia «South atca 25 the population icici) How 7 much of that increase _yuu// (come) from 3. What county wt!___ (continue) to generate flogdapel a ee the most qeothétmal energy? a7 percent. 17 percent ¢, 27 percent leelandb. Costa Rica the United States Jehan. Boole Zoeteco Discus these predictions with a partner. Do you agree with the statements? 37s mo Inthe future . Fee oeope wi be drving gas-powered cars, MY COURIY 6 gong 0 Beolindependenk. ‘More people wil ly on nuclear ene'ay pau ibe Pea dnaey call comd fobte rhe ol ‘The Great Energy Challenge 27Listening ps of verbs jour ideas mean? DISCUSS YO in bold. What do they " k camping en ae eliminate al b not give up ch do you think it’s about? You're going to listen tothe introduction toa TV program. What cae Tell a partner. Then listen and complete the sentence in your o Listen to each person. Check (v) the energy-saving actions that they are taking: D0 pmo reduce air travel change the temperature set ae fon the refrigerat hang dothes to dr Ds solar energy [Gro ther own food D_ Look at the items in Exercise € that you didn't check. Wh ¥ doesn't the family do these things? Ry Usten again and take notes using the pattern below. Th ‘tthe family do these thing! 'en explain your answers to a partnet: hshome How many a the living room? in your bedroom? = in your home? Inthe kitchen? inonnections ad through the survey alone and under! Read throug 'y alone and underline any words you don’t know. Then discuss lassmates explain the unfamiliar words to you? YOU READY TO GO ON AN ENERGY DIET? the survey as a class. Can your cl ate at least three chemical house 2. ly made or grown produ 3 y an item that you ten, 4 trian diet one day a week 5. —— Grow your own fo é Jp atleast one pr food that you normally 7. Use public transportation at least three times a week 8. Unplug phone chargers when they are not in us 9, Give up bottled water for tap wate 10. Turn off the tp when ushing your teeth 1 Recycle all glass, alumina 2 Eliminate the use of shoppit rking alone, take the survey above. Write the letter of a statement below (a, bd) “4875 008 next to each item in the energy diet survey. *)/°° 2.1 do this already. etm do this some the future b 0 do ths in the next menth 4. can’t do this. It seems impossible Compare your answers with a partner. How similar or different are you? Look at your b and ¢ answers in the eneray diet survey. Complete these sentences and talk about your personal energy diet plan.30 Unit 3 Reading A. Take the quiz ar compare ideas with a partne SOLAR ENERGY Quiz 1. Thesun generates more energy than) iF 2. Worldwide, most electricity is produced T 2. Solar ener genrtesattotpolition. T #)| 4, Solar energy can only be us 8) that get inplaces ft of sunight al year. B__ Whyaren’t we using solar power more? List some Of your ideas. Then read the passage to check your ansivers Read the passage again. On a separate piece of paper, ist at least two advantages and two disadvantages of each method of gathering solar energy (steam generation and PV panels. Reading identifying key details Strategy snes evar ag (ur san the most powefal source fee sea tre cs Earth. Worldwide, humane use about 6 tea iho a onthe of energy a ea. The sun proces 120000 Today, though, solar power is used very litte fences Is than one tenth percent 18 Use your answers from Exercise €to act out this earn Ro s electricity each yea role-play Why dont we use solar power more? 1. Student A: Imagine that you work fora so answer this question, its important to understi nin ways we gather energy fm he su. The ist way sto place a, comput 88 eerie neat «receiver ona tower and this proces sea stud i ee a Thesteam is then sed to produc ects M ‘ss PY (photovoltaic) panels. The panes eet oles and practice again ‘sunlight and conver it into electricity. Mos People have seen PY panels on buildings 53 (fest also-on some handheld calcul Bodh ways of gating alae thei ada ages, Uienerates “lean” energy that produces ver litle tion. However, the steam-generation method! more efficent than the PV panel meth ore sunlight into electricity he city, which can be expensive. PV panels onthe nd, cane where is needed. There is no extra sily be placed on 00K hhods have a similar disadvantage: they xy when is cloudy produce enough ener roblem. For dark. Enginers are working om this P ow though, people who use PV panels as their ai source of energy mast rely om batteries at ight oF when the weather is hd. One of nar energy tgs ac ‘Ost PV panels are stl very expensive to buy: their money aces, though, people are earning Vv eon ee) $0 Why aren't we using solar power more? back, Wolfgang Schndrer lives in Freiburg, Germany of Schnier apartment do not odce enough energy. Bu on a sunny day in May, the panel ca power back to the energy company in hist. In 2008, he made 2.500 euros ($3,700) from the extra power his solar panes generated. Despite the challenges, solr energy use Increasing worldwide. In Germany, Japan, and the United States, governments re trying to make power more affordable for everyone, And as people ind that they ean save money and even make money sing solar power, the number of countries using this energy source wil surly grove The Great Energy Challenge 34veo A occa conrbvee obs ore ot all align pics anc toa ‘cadblock ui al aa peers ie pal ee Lh the vide Etre vi video once through with the sound off What eneray issue # the vider 2b watch the video with the sound on and check your ideas. leting each blank with the correct word. a, i right ti ; f pve eee " : Stop the Great Lakes Dee Pd eT TT A Ment Cri ul: Rana Ceawriting a Persuasive Paragraph Oe esi se ip For one thing according N uying Guide, CFL bbs we almost, sles energy than regular bulbs. When we us ls energy to ight a room re genta les CO,, This helps the environment. In addition, because CF bulbs ectrc bill overtime. So remember: ar home. However, CFL bulb wl hep you save e les on electricity and improve the environment, You can make a ogular bulb wil ight diference! ‘TIP The writer uses specific facts to support Fis Point. He cites his source by using the words accoring to 2 o benefits are disc sd in the paragraph ds intduce these ide Bead the Writing Strategy. What do you notice about the words that follow instead of, rather Writing Being persuasive To encourage» tan ee Strategy do one thang isead of nother yo 1. nstead of Rather than ing requ light bu © You want to encourage people to change Sarai searRaaoret Something they are doing now. Use the 2.8) structures in the Writing Strategy and the information below. Write each sentence in two ways sing CFL bulbs instead of rather than sina) You waste energy when you Bipiave cnert peo you! ride a bike. recycle paper and plastic chink fitered water, ep ctie eeag ‘unplug electronics when 4 always keep all electronics plugged in 2 — Your ices: 3 Pi BV othe: Thy vou ened (oie “ruemecel (C¥2" 0° ne Great Energy Challenge 33D> choose a semence from Exercise C(1-5) : kli On a separate piece of pape, write 2 writing Checklist paragraph that explains the change and , Haeaae anna uty pacpia shoudl doe] Does the paragral change people shou mat es Ge eh ee I. cunt site ws ee rae he areronment Now youcan doth 1 denen to make the ane sia or “and in okt"? as ether behav? IE Exchange paperswith another student. | 3: comince eaders 0 ha . 2g Read your partner's writing and answer ‘questions 1-3 in the Writing Checklist Speaking ice announcement* about saving ener Work with a partner. You are going to create a public servi Then do the following: A 23. Choose an idea from Exercise Con page 33 or think of your own. Design a public service announcement that 45-60 seconds long, It should ‘© explain what change people should make, + ive 2-3 reasons why people should make the change, + be interesting and make your viewers want to make the change For ideas, reread the paragraph and information in the Writing Strategy box (on page 33 again. Do your presentations go Presenters: Present your public sence announcement tothe class Viewers: Take notes on each pairs public sence announcement Answer these questions brie at change do they want you to make? ‘What reasons di they give for making} Did they cortince you to make as Why or why not compare your notes in with a partner. In your ‘which public service annot ‘was the best? Why? Ba “A puble ure rower ‘een a an aeWe can add the suffixes -ion J tion A ae en! i tie sim sarts Tones eee ¢ ‘word. Use your dictionary to help you. Then say the words with a partner. verb oun 1, consume : Ca — 4 6. prevent . reach a compromise ~L__ explain steps in a process + follow steps to get through a dit ult situationVocabulary p> sual price of = “acount a eduction inte affordable reasonably priced, ine goods products OU DY SiS iaen ome orywonatoet SOT someting pce on something samy ality ow god oF bad SOMENND brand ype ct product made yo partcuorcopary SUT ost to so browse 010k around shop casvaly or woud be good oF se deal something good you buy, sual or 3 ow PCE ae Usage: bargin ad det argon can ako be good ‘Choose the expressions in 1-3 that best describe your shopping habits. Then explain your responses toa partner 1. Wen shop, ke take my time and browse / hur up and buy what need eta discount on something 2. | occasionally / never vy 3. The most important thing to me is thet my pu high quality / affordable. josh 0 Read what Nadia says about the Dubai shopping Festival 1. Complete the profile witha word from the vecabulary lst 2. Then ask a partner: Would you ike o shop there? Why or why not? How is Itsimiar to or different from shopping where you lve? SPA boing ite toring orate (ion stooping ane Oa ‘evening so you can avoid the crows. You can find the best deals late in | Shopping Festal, Every yer the diy Abe many peaple speak Engi 0 ou donthave to wory about | SEY sorb ra communicating withthe lca. =a Best place to browse: A tradtional marketplace, called a souk. You can buy on a variety of 2), there, including furniture, jewelry food, and | auaity electron ae ‘spices. Mefchants typically start with a high price and then (3) | )v<. ayn coe with you for a more affordable one. A) zal nr makes it special: Over three milion people attend. Also, people who (a) ‘and even gold ‘n your city is there a time of when stores offer big discount '99005? Do you ever shop at these sles?Grammar ‘A. complete 1-3 withthe corect word). Explain your answers to a pare. BE pope 8 which tater he ty can vn as 2, id you iy the jacket who / hich thar va cn eet rama Soc, who TPIS) chat el many ccs, ae vey nersing. {© People who visit Dubai during the shoving gil orp se es he ested which ea onto on Sonor ssc ae Nea ssgrensht spend alton doe 8 the lead he whe cree pas @ It 2 shop that sells discount electronics, Eas ‘They're shogs that sll designer handbags. information about a noun and begin with a relative on about the subject. You dont need ito Ce 1s Separated from the main clase by commas. ‘each sentence. Then check your answers with a partner. In which sentences do we necessary information? Which give extra information? [more money on cothes than men in North Ameria, smost popular products that they are sold online have purchased something onine at least once {expensive carin the world, costs almost $2,500,000. rgest in the world, has over 1,200 stores. clause to form a single question. Then take turns asking sab sek ees ve ne env abeoe wd ORS eat eeListening setae? i ret good debls on electronics ¢ A. where can you get good deals on elec, 4g. Hove you ever purchased anything You un? Discuss witha partner. cersations happening i? B You're going to hear three diferent convestions MPP, Read Robson street. # popular shopping dtrct in VaNCOWNET org rar Jpoose the correct the information below. Then listen and ¢ Conversation 1 2. Does the woman purchase the tablet? Yes. Pr Ne - Conversation 2 3. The woman who is shopping for shoes wants ‘a. evening shoes (6, reasonably priced shoes shoes like her fiends 44, Does the woman purchase any shoes? (We} Price No. Why not Conversation 3 5. Theman 8) can’t decide which bike to buy —_b. ba € is confused about the prices 6. Does the man purchase abike? (Ye3 Price No Why not: Read the sentences below. Then listen again. Choose the correct answer for each one. D0 Re ee er 2. When he weran say, “Check ut Wisp she means, (Cac setae, 3. When the woman says. "t's worth "se means, “The bike cheap - expensive because saul 9603 / ed." esconnections pect m enzaon st thesia Whats spucl abet pence esas ‘would you buy this product? ee Buyer ler: 5: Buyer: F seller: Ah, but its not Buyer: A pen that never r a Seller: Yes. I's perfect : pen again! 8, é Buyer: Hmmm... Wel Fl give you $5 fo Seller: Ten. Come on; thin Buyer: Si. That’ all! can a Seller: Sots! § You're going to sell an item ata flea market. Do the following: H, Mink of an everyday item (cel phone, watch, umbreia, art ‘Then give ita “special power” Answer the questions to describe your spec ‘© What does it do? it's 2 that '® Whoisit perfect for? its perfect for people This paper now fepreseMts YOU 2, Take four small pleces of paper. On each, write the item you isted in step merchandise, You are going to sell four ofthe same items atte lea market. +. Decide on a cost for the item. It cannot be mare than $100, ‘Your instructor will divide the clas into sellers and buyers. Read your information below. Buyers ‘goal: To sell al four of your items for as much yu can before time i up. “Tak to aifferent customers atthe market. Explain your item is and why its useful When you se item, give the paper tothe buyer end add the below. the bargaining! You isup share your results with the c roles (those who were sellers are now buyers) and repeat Exercises Cand D. ‘Your goat: fo buy as many products 3 yo before time isup. You start wth $100 to spend, Talk to ifferent sels, you want to buy a produc, bargain fora lower price. When you buy an item edict the amount you paid below, Also wate the price on the paper the seller gives you starting amount: 100 ee iyccnlay tee nyu cn wnm canna: Insstyle 65 SN laidLook up the ones you know. Aan sec aoa ao Sen erage er the ones you don't know in your acionary: Te ‘erturoas—_‘fason-conscious sioo utdoing us dependable practical sophiscated ; FRG Cos Bere crpanrrcle 4) teloscs eblondd Bg Beane oe orerogho torte orth SPE TO at ‘each pair of shoes? What can YOU the photos and ask a partner: Who might wear tell about each person by looking at only his other shoes? eect mee ects wwrone: ee ae a Ah Beckers!” 7 puchatever theBeg te on eth ost. athe A high he be ie ese roan. This kina 8 ores aug For na gf ad water cn the ground : Though today’s streets are cleane: 0 -inch Mite ya lat a et realy own ovo ma eee Meier thert nadia re vin Bw eee Tetdelpwedthoe tor pop ta the Chris fgulen, _sonctingsost he sho over plains, “You puton heels, and suddenly you are o ‘inches [15 centimeters) higher. I’ a power thing Wearing stilettos (or any high-heeled shoe or boot) cls nthe athe hand. signal st oihers that you're daring and sel.confdent. Some peri eee rte find that very attractive, Low heeled or fa shoes, onthe ‘ther hand, project a more serious image. They tll others hat ‘hat youre practical and dependable. hers think. A pair of S00 What do you do? = For hundreds of years shoes also told others about ie Persots occupation or social postion. In cary Jepa et forexample, merchants, actors, and soldiers wore sho ) their igsofwrk Althouet we usally caVideo authentic ea, genuine cloth, used for canvas a type of strona, heavy | making clothes and bags | crooked not straight; bent or cured | dealer someone who sels something fake not ea! 4 imitator someone who copies what someone ese does Instnet your feling about something spot to identi A. Discuss the questions with a partner. 2 winy do you think fake is fake? How 3B 5, Docu ever ee peopl sting fake designer gods? What nds? why do o4 Tt 2. Look at the photos ofthe handbags. Can you guess which one i ea! and whi 11-5, Then wateh the video once Bead the tte ofthe video n pairs, try to quess the answers in steps 1-5. Then watch t GBB through—withour writing anything—to check your ideas. & How to Spot a Fake Louis Vuitton Bag Step 1: The price isa) + Most bags sell for over) $ eal, you're getting afc) Step 2: Usually the "LVS" on a fake bag are (4) ‘if you have any Lvs that arena crease orn ae.) _ you pay ess than $300 for a new bag, you _ itis not the real thing ‘Step 3: The color of the leather handles shouldbe alight) pcg (@) —____ an the stitching nh) ki + Altera few weeks, the handles should change toa darker(l) if they gon ss Step 4: Hf you buy @ Louis Vuitton bag from a street (,) + You should als be careful about buying bags ik) + Pay attention fo seller feedback and ask about buyer protection an! he () — its not genuine Step 5: Trust your (m.) “+ fyou fel funny about.) __ you're paying, walk away. C__ Watch the video again and complete the first sentence in steps 1 5 BI and complete the rest ofthe blanks. PS 1-5 in Exercise B. Then wo! it 20 D_inaddition to designer clo ‘movies, car parts, cor ‘any of these goods?’| speaking | A onyourown and on a separate piece of paper, con iplete statements 1-4 with your opinion ng we rstor: wnat 06 You Tanne 4, {think people 2 think people wi IB Get into a group of three people and do the following Be four sat ices ofp 2, One person starts by picking up La eee plain your reasons to th 3 The other people in the group should then use ‘dsagree withthe statement and each o reson inthe Speaking Strategy below to agret When you state an opinion, remember to explain your re 4, Return the number to the ple and then its anothe all oftheir sentences from Exer per peat steps 1-3 untl everyone has shar n essing stron Speaking oreemert Strategy couldnt agree with you more Yeah no question / doubt about it uestioning another’ point of view 'eenittnow tim not so sure about 2 ‘25, but at the same te Se kro [ undestand tat you're $39. ut don’ you tink ng strong disagreement ‘completely disagree. you tsi? tora) So way derma Irma ras can sound rude. Ory i ese when you strongly disagree an th someone you know WweWriting Present and Defend an Argument |A. Read the paragraphs. Then complete the steps below with a partner song. Some people might disagree with this opinion, Dut Lbelieve who sell fake goods, or “knockots, Cf course, many people who buy fakes say are stealing ink selling fake goods i important reasons why I'm right. Fist, people the orginal product manufacturer. This is not fait. for name brands, While they cant aor to pay full that may be true, buying o seling fake goods i stil a “TIP stating an opposite opinion and form of stealing and its w explaining wry you think itis weak C20 Second, people wo sel knockos sometimes trick help support your argument, something, These days, there {2s “the eal thing.” Shoppers think they are buying @ designer buying a knockoff, but they don't know it, eis different. buyers into purchasin are lots of Web sites that sell fake pro handbag or MP3 player at a discounted price, In realty, they are ‘Alot of people think its easy to spot fake goods because the quality is poor or the Brand nam However, is often hard to tell the difference between fake and real items that are sold online, Fo f82sons,| think seling fake goods is wrong 1. st the writers main argument (paragraph 1) n the chart below 2, The writer ives two reasons to support the argument. Write the second one unde 3. He also states two opposite opinions from other people, What are they? "Time main argument: ‘Opposite opinions Reasons 1. People who sell foke goods are stealing money | 1. Most people can't afford to pay full price for om the original manufacturer designer hems. 2 2 B__ Read the sentence and follow the steps below: | think / don’t think buying designer brandsis a good way to spend your 1. Cid the word) n the sentence that express your opinion. 2. Ona separate piece of paper, create a chat Writing lke the one in Exercise A. List two reasons 10 support your argument. Also think of an Strategy ‘oppesite opinion for each of your reasons. C write two or three short paragraphs that ‘argue your point, using the information in your chart. D Exchange papers with another student. Read your partner's writing. Does your partner successfully follow the Writing Strategy?Expanding Your r Fluency ‘A Read the short passage. Then answer the 4. What is B__ Complete the sentences with your opinions. Think of two reasons to support each opinion. 1, [think a free store would / wouldn't 2 we should / shouldn't to shop C Discuss your opinions in pairs, Use the expressions in the Speaking Strategy on p. 69 to agree or Bf disagree with each other Check What You Know Rank how well you can perform these outcomes on a scale of 1-5 (6 being the best)Pronunciation Rising and Falling Intonation (© Intonation decries the chang on anguage cereal He scrbes the changes inch in spoke 20 P Itoaton ees eg 9 thd of I fa Bees mont caren uses sing Ito RTOEL aretuly 10 the pach in each ear [Note that it rises at the end of the sentence because the ‘emphasis 50" the information in the question Fe na sestion wth tate OTE + Yer-no questons ith question word re * May | have a glass of milk? <1 ee Ba vou retin Wie ea * bus staton ison the corm itch of a sentence or gr pitch of Sentence O° Grup . Th 1? refuly tothe pitch in each exarole. Note ten car tates thatthe sentence fas ended. In wh vwh- word and falls at the end Below are the most. of fal 1st common uses of falling intonation. Ls ‘that it falls atthe end ofthe sentence. na statement, this i {uestons, the pte i high atthe beginning to emphasize the Declarative statements ‘+ Whe questions +The snow is gone. 9 “+ What was that noise? ‘The bows ful “+ When isthe movie? ‘Practice and listen to each senter rice. Decide if thei fon the line. cide if the intonation i sing or falling. Then write rising or sti hunger that pizza? keys? English dass tonight? iestress Changes with Prefixes and Suffixes InEnglsh, adding prefixes and su > nena sing Prefer sus: to words doesnot vay cane a chungein sts. Here are sone eames dint ferent imeotent unimportant impaanty ‘a om dlsarming However in some cases, adding a particular suffix wil cause a shit inthe lable thats stressed pice picturesque |isten to each word pair below. Mark the stressed syllable in each word to compare stress. The first ‘one is done for you. 3 photographic publicity anticipation in each word pair. Which ones changed? Which ones did not?Heteronyms and stress shift oraphs ae heterOnyms wor, phs. A subset the called homogra oe fren ror differently © Words with the same speling are: ai ‘ate speled the sae, but ae a diferent part of eee? ene 3 oi PRO}ect project ‘atask or werk atone pans todo ___| PO eeecr verb {poe “project Topredit ‘You can often ferent between heteronyms by identi heteronys,the noun has the ses on the fist lal, wale he Vt thee part of speech. FOr MOS oj, ip has the stress on the second “collection of readings ed take nor make use of asina meal | aicest noon gh bic Ti |ewarce . | entRANCE apply ths rule o all heteronyms. Fr example, the verb and noun respect / respec Also some heteronyms have only one sylable, such asthe noun and verb row :a few heteronyms, such as invalid / valid, have more than two syllables,Linking Sounds "Ort rink when the tna consonant in one word i lowed by enna own tesa linked when the final consonant in one word word, 1+ Fypaleady made my bed, The dog tracked mud allover the kitchen, ‘They are aso linked when the final consonant in the next word. His si.tore when he ai tp, “+ Lmade dinner lastnight in one wor is flawed by the same intial consonant where sounds ae linked in each ofthe following sentences. Underline your predicted Then listen to check your predictions ice the liking sounds to confirmle Words Typical Stress Patterns in Three-Syllab ert Listen tthe PronUnciatOn oF these yg © Engh, many three-spabe words low regula tes atten st stress) "tg te ryt ofeach pate, = the sronget es 1 = Practice A. Uisten to and then repeat aloud each three-sylable word. Then write the stress pattern you hear. yo, ‘may want to mark the words as you listen and speak, The first one is done for you.F intonation Patterns and Relative Clauses “> Many Ealh sentences canbe ced into chunks wth internal ntonation patterns: Some reais Fete ator but no rca, norton aout oan or foun a Ths type of nels tien 7 signaled by the words who, whom, whose, or which, Is also separated from the main part ofthe senienel cemeas 1 inate a Sight pause and has scan sng end alin ntonaton curve In ths case, he Beaks mentions thatthe visting sster from Ri, but that deta is merely informatie, not it a Ae My istet/ wo ives in Rio, is coming to vit "Ofer atv dlauses provide important information about he noun a noun phrase. Without ths information | _the meaning ofthe sentence might be unclear. The intonation inthis case dows not fall after “My sister,” but stays the same for the whole chunk, ining the defining relative clause hs case, the speaker must have = mere tan one sister; the intonation and punctuation clay whch ster stg. _ My sister who Ines in Roi coming to vst. ice between these two sentences, bought yesterday are the wrong colo: sh yesterday! ae the wrong cle. _ Which segments have their own intonation curves? ments with a slash (). Then listen to check your work. he adopted to sit, he babys, several new words, re about clothes, wears whatever is by wears the cooks tyes, It opened lat month, has high prices ty dose to my house.Reduction in Perfect Modals ect a ae sotene ar OE, MENGE Sy ns you may sometimes 6 rity, 6 Reduction descrbes the resin spoken NAOT ay peosmouepbmsstngarenre Soe een the past participle + have + the pas particle fe eect madsen Eris cute must nod MOU TE mi to When spoken, the hin haves usualy roped and ie vowe sound i 720 wie have") + Yu musthave et the gate unlocked tht + estat ai ane eae: (poe ot soo!) + She could have gotten an Aon the et it she ha “+ ifthad known you were gong, | would hae tend (rcouldet," not “could have") 1m" not “would have")Ao Language Summary Unit 1 ‘adapt 1 change your ideas or behavior to suit a Siferentstuation adaptation (n) adaptive (26) “ambitious needing exceptional fort and resources 10 be cared out successtuly ambitiously (adv) ambition (9) archaeologist 2 scientist who stuces people and societies ofthe past archaeology 7) archaeological (ac) average the normal amount or quality for a group of things or people (to) average (ach) Buried under the ground and covered with earth to Dury (v) burial (x) ‘come up with to suggest or think ofan idea or plan defeat to win 2 vciory over someone in a battle ot game defeat (n) ‘determine 0 fina out oF enfin certain information determination (n) Indeterminate (20) ‘Generation the period of time (about 30 yeast takes for ehiten to grow up and have ther own fares, ‘generational ec) ‘Benetics the study of how certain characteris {€0., eye, har, and skin cole are passed fom ‘one generation to the next by our genes gene in) genetic (24) identical exactly the some identically (adv) Iimvading entering a county by force with an axmy invader (invasion (0) persuade to cause someone todo something by ‘iving good reasons for doing it persuasive ad.) preserve to save or protect something fr the future preservation (0) set out to start tying todo something statisies numerical facts that ae gathered through analyzing information statistically (av) statistical (20) ‘ralt a parcuiar characteristic a person has typical showing the most usual characterises ofa ‘person of ting typlally (ad) {Language Summary unit2 ‘ees easy 10 reach oF G40 (0) access, ‘accessibility (0) ‘edventurous wing 1 take rks and haven ‘crperences adventure (°) atmosphere the character or feeling ‘atmospheric (2d) breathtaking very Deavtl or amazin breathless (20) choc the quality of being pleasant and at charm (v) charming (30) ) convenience eae; stably convenient i inconvenient (23) destination the place youre o0!g 0 ( verse varied or cferent diversity 7) end up to ative ata place or condition get away to 90 away on vacation getaway i) landmark wel-knawn building o lace luxurious comfortable and expensive laxury deluxe (3) outsider 2 sanger particular someone dificult to pease perspective pont of view Picturesque atractve, especially in an ot tshone say picture 1.) ‘remote far away remotely (ad) rsh to 90 api rush hour Salitude the state of being or ung alone sto solitary (ad) spontaneous coming from an ip Unplanned spontaneously (a) spontanely spot pac, locaton timid someone wio lacks confidence, ‘rangi calm and peaceful tranquility tranquilizer (n) tive taunit 3 10 ue, especialy in loge amaunes nvume*) EOPEUMtION onsurreram 10 Be ne of the causes of ng Apron) contrat 8 convert to change Conversion (n) faba 07 £00418 the amount catback (0) cextdown to decrease efinatef0 TO something ene etimination ny etre the woe of something entiay ayy generate 10 make oF produce gre up 0 cuit doing Something; to renounce impact rong etfect to impact (v) Injustice a lack of fares in a situation justice (0) pollute to contaminate pollution polluter a) unpoltted (2c) prevent io keep from happening prevention (a) produce to generate producer (1) production 1) _ project to predict, "reduce to make smal in amount or number 7 ) depend on or vse reliable (0) ) people who lve ina certain place cy county) t reside) Of something to move in the opposite 0.) reversible (3c) Cr condition that prevents obstacle (up) completely place of something provide supplier (°.) good for the n (v) sustainability (9) place to another place Male ee ppearance, to make an to ome out pict appear) Audience a goup of peope watching a performance auditorium (0) ‘audition a short performance gven by a person to ‘demonstrate suitably for a show to audition (v) benefit social event to raise funds fora person or «cause to benefit (v) benefactor (7) charity an organization that helps people in need. charitable (ad) ‘Commercial else to the buying and selling of {goods and services commercially (ac) commerce (1) ‘convince to persuade someone (to do something) demo brief recording ilustrating the abilities of 2 ‘musician emerge to come out and be recognized or noticed ‘encounter o meet encounter (1) ‘enthusiasm 3 feeling of energetic interest in something enthusiast (1) enthusiastic (2) fund-raising a way for schools and other organizations toraise money for a particular purpose to fund. raise (v) fund-raiser (7) hhardcore very committed (to something) Inspire encouraged (oy) or motivated (by) inspiration 1.) inspirational (24) launch to start launch (9) loge a special design used by a company ‘or group mainstream most typical or conventional performance singing, dancing, or acting for an ‘audience to perform (v) performer (-) promote to encourage the popularity or sales of something promoter (x) promotional (a) realize to understand something, sometimes suddenly realization (1)Unit 5 a altitude height off the ground ‘atch (someone) off quar to be surprsed PY ‘someone or something ent someone who pays a person or company f0 2 ‘collapse to fll down sudenly collapse (0) collapsible (a3) Aisorientation conusion disoriented (a) encourage to give someone confidence or hope ‘discourage (.) freak out 1 lose contro and behave in an extremely emotional or excited way freeze tobe unable to move o think hhandle to deal with a problem or situation successtly to mishandle ) Injure to damage a par of a persons body injury (n) intense very great or extreme intensely (adv) intensity (1) ‘monitor to follow or check something requatly ‘ordeal avery ficult, stressful situation ‘panic to fee very anxious or afraid all of a sudden ppanie(n.) panicky 2d.) rescue to save someone from a dangerous situation rescuer (1) ‘sk taker an adventurous person, unafraid of taking chances risk () risky (adv) dangerous rival a person you compete with valry (1) (to) val oe) set off (fora place: to start a tip ‘300k into look at or enjoy a place as much as you can ‘summit top trapped unable 10 escape because: unit 6 Take risks and have new avencurous wild (© nee eit reasonably priced, inexpensive afford fo mn rope of product made by 2 Parc ong trowge took around casually heck something) out 10 60K 8 spring ety rake rts; adventurous to dae) deat something god you by, usual for 21 pe dependable abe cpesount a reduction nthe usual price of something (ta) discount, 2d.) fake not lt) fake (i P) {ashlorconsdous srmeone interested in the latest ‘rend whatever te cost fashionista (n) 00s products you buy Imitator someone who copies what someone ee doe to imitate (imitation (0) outgoing friendly and sociable practical smeoneincined toward useful and {unctonal hinge impractical (ad) purchase o buy something purchase (1) quality hon good or bad something is Fexommend io suggest to someone tata ‘hing o person would be good or useful recommendation (1) tp off something overpriced to rip off (v) selt) collapse a) isorientatin contson disoriented (a) lencourage to ge someone cenidence ot hope ‘discourage ) ‘freak out to ose contol and behave in an exerrly ‘erotional or exited wey freeze 1o be unable to move otk ‘handle to deal with a problem or stuton sucessfully to:mishandle v) igre aurone a eaicda peomsstohy ees Intense very reat or extreme Intensely a) intensity (0) ‘monitor follow o¢ check someting reguaiy ordeal a very difficult, stressful situation panic to fel very anwous otras al of a sudden panic 7.) panicky (2) rescue to save someone fom a dangerous stuaton rescuer) fk taker an adventurous person, unatado aking chances risk () shy (ad) dangerous fival a person you compete wit vary.) (to) val (v.20) set off fora place: 10 a ar soak into ook ato enjoy place as muchas you can ‘summit co ‘trapped unable to escape from a place or situation because something stopping you ft) trap) ott § oe sewing whe rks oe a nw sevens adventure (°) affordable reasonably iced, expense to alord) authentic real, genuine authenticity (.) bargain tak with someone to ty to 96 lower ee on something bargain (") brand a type of product made by 2 patil company ‘browse to lok around casually eck (someting) out t0 00k 2 ~ daring ready to take risks adventurous to dare fi) = dal something good you buy, uly for 2 tow pri” dependable eiable a discount a reduction in the usual price of something — (to) discount v, 2) i {ake rot ral (to) fake (v, 9) {fashion-consclous someone interested inthe latest trends, whatever the cost fashionista (n.) ‘goods products you buy Imitator someone who copies what someone ee oes to imitate () imitation (n) ‘outgoing friendly and sociable practical someone incined toward useful and “unctonal things impractical (ad) ‘4 Dparchese to buy something purchase (1) ‘quality how good or bad something is “ recommend to suggest o someone thet 2 thing or person wou be good or uel recommendation ) "ip off something overpriced to rip off (v) self-confident someone who truss in his/her un bite: selfeonfidence(n) ; (adgthnei elect ‘Seriously (ody.) seriousness (7)Grammar Summary unit 1 le past: Use for actions completed in the pee sien for in the past at 2 gmt ogee tment cearver today, last s-a0 and the other day. He worked there fore year + continuous Use for ongoing past actions that ee ee en | a ee ee eee aiid in ay me Tanta eed Ee Soar Ae a von oe ee Pee cater tne prensa re earn ee ntperfect continous: Ueto enptase helen fan Rey. ve ben working 20 mc [a eee ae eke el a epee osc cit in te) with the perfect tenses to dese “me uo 10 2 Sime period that has come to an end4 | unit 4 may hear see othe UES, BU Ea denies 1 1d naturally Infinitive Complements ito some eaceoeee Om abject + infintve 9 rr verbs iti or ssn 6 panna vs a Sy yet OO) Group {Sipe non @ tev veto onset POON) (© vert oe hve, et and mate ee @ Verb +cbect + infinite She avis me 101 © er (ble) + inintne she gxpects me 10270 need find 20. im to be the best singer or me to have an interview. feel happy © Verb + object + infinitve of be We consider hi © Vers for object +initne They aansed Ves + cect + base form vis muse makes Group @ te obec seated @: he object optional Se ores

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