DISEÑO DE

ZAPATA
CONECTADA
 DISEÑO DE ZAPATA CONECTADA

Diseñar la zapata aislada, de concreto armado, cuyos parámetros se muestran:

DATOS:

Columna exterior

Pd = 16.67 tn
Pl = 4.81 tn
P = 21.51 tn
Columna = 15 cm x 40 cm

Columna interior

Pd = 16.40 tn
Pl = 4.30 tn
P = 20.07 tn
Columna = 15 cm x 40 cm

γ = 1.2 tn/m2
qadm = 1.2 tn/m2
Df = 1.5 m
S/C piso = 0.2 tn/m2
As = Ø 3/4”
f’c = 210 kg/cm2
fy = 4200 kg/cm2
DIMENSIONAMIENTO

Zapata exterior
1. Esfuerzo neto:
𝑺
𝒒𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒐 = 𝒒𝒂𝒅𝒎 − 𝜸 × 𝑫𝒇 − 𝒑𝒊𝒔𝒐
𝑪
tn tn tn
qneto = 1.2 2
− (1.2 2 × 1.5 m) − 0.2 2
m m m
𝐭𝐧
𝐪𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐨 = 𝟗. 𝟕𝟎 𝟐
𝐦

2. Área de zapata:
𝟏. 𝟎𝟔 × 𝑷𝟏
𝑨𝒛𝒂𝒑. =
𝒒𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒐

1.06 × 21.51 tn
Azap. = tn
9.70 2
m

𝐀𝐳𝐚𝐩. = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟓 𝐦𝟐

3. Dimensiones de la zapata:

𝑨𝒛𝒂𝒑. = 𝑻 × 𝑺

Tenemos: 𝑻 = 𝟐𝑺
 Reemplazamos T:

Azap. = 2S × S

Azap. = 2S 2

Azap.
S=√
2

2.35 m2
S=√
2

𝐒 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟖 𝐦 ≅ 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎𝐦

4. Viga de conexión:
𝐥𝐜
𝐡=
𝟕
4.25 m
h=
7
𝐡 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟏 𝐦

𝐏
𝐛=
𝟑𝟏 × 𝐥𝐜
21.51
b=
31 × 4.25 m
𝐛 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔 𝐦

𝐡
𝐛≥ … no cumple, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑏
𝟐

 Usar: 0.4 m x 0.65 m

DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE LA ZAPATA EXTERIOR

𝑾𝒗𝒊𝒈𝒂 = 𝒉 × 𝒃 × 𝜸𝒄
tn
Wviga = 0.65 m × 0.4 m × 2.4
m3
𝐭𝐧
𝐖𝐯𝐢𝐠𝐚 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐
𝐦

∑ 𝑴𝟐 = 𝟎

4.3252
21.51(4.25) − Rn(3.675) + 0.62 ( )=0
2
113.281 = Rn(3.675)
113.281
= Rn
3.675
𝐑𝐧 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟖𝟐 𝐭𝐧

𝑹𝒏
𝑨𝒛𝒂𝒑. =
𝒒𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒐
30.82 tn
Azap. = tn
9.70 2
m
𝐀𝐳𝐚𝐩. = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟓 𝐦𝟐

𝑨𝒛𝒂𝒑. = 𝑻 × 𝑺
3.85 m2 = T × 1.10 m
𝐓 = 𝟐. 𝟗𝟔 𝐦
 Usar: 3.00 m x 1.30 m
DISEÑO DE LA VIGA DE CONEXIÓN

𝑷𝒖 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝑷𝒅 + 𝟏. 𝟕𝑷𝒍
Pu = 1.2(16.40 tn) + 1.7(4.30 tn)
𝐏𝐮 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟗𝟎 𝐭𝐧

𝑾𝒗𝒖 = 𝟏. 𝟐 × 𝑾𝒗𝒊𝒈𝒂
tn
Wvu = 1.2 × 0.62
m
𝐭𝐧
𝐖𝐯𝐮 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟒
𝐦

∑ 𝑴𝟐 = 𝟎

4.3252
32.90(4.25) − Rnu(3.675) + 0.74 ( )=0
2
146.746 = Rnu(3.675)
146.746
= Rnu
3.675
𝐑𝐧𝐮 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟗𝟑 𝐭𝐧

𝑹𝒏𝒖
𝑾𝒏𝒖 =
𝑺
39.93 tn
Wnu =
1.30 m
𝐭𝐧
𝐖𝐧𝐮 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟕𝟐
𝐦

5. Sección del momento máximo

𝑷𝟏𝒖
𝑿𝒐 =
𝑾𝒏𝒖 − 𝑾𝒗𝒖
32.90 tn
Xo = tn tn
30.72 m − 0.74 m

𝐗𝐨 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎 𝐦

𝑿𝒐 < 𝑆
1.10 m < 1.30 𝑚 … 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒

6. Momento máximo:
𝑿𝒐𝟐 𝒕𝟏
𝑴𝒖𝒎á𝒙. = (𝑾𝒏𝒖 − 𝑾𝒗𝒖) − 𝑷𝟏𝒖(𝑿𝒐 − )
𝟐 𝟐
tn tn (1.10 m)2 0.15 m
Mumáx. = (30.72 − 0.74 ) − 32.90 tn(1.10 m − )
m m 2 2
𝐌𝐮𝐦á𝐱. = −𝟏𝟓. 𝟓𝟖 𝐭𝐧. 𝐦

7. Acero:
𝑴𝒖𝒎á𝒙.
𝑨𝒔 = 𝒂
𝝓 × 𝒇′ 𝒚(𝒅 − 𝟐)

15.58 × 105
As =
65
0.9 × 4200(65 − 10)

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟒𝟔 𝐜𝐦𝟐

𝑨𝒔 × 𝒇′𝒚
𝒂=
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝒇′𝒄 × 𝒃
7.046 × 4200
a=
0.85 × 210 × 130
𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕𝟓 𝐜𝐦

𝑨𝒔 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟎𝟒 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟗 𝐜𝐦

𝑨𝒔 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟗𝟖 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟖 𝐜𝐦
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟗𝟖 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟖 𝐜𝐦 … conforme

𝟓′′
𝑨𝝓 =
𝟖
𝐴𝜙 = 1.978 𝑐𝑚2 … asumimos

𝑨𝒔
𝑵º 𝒅𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒔 =
𝑨𝝓
6.398 cm2
Nº de varillas =
1.978 cm2
Nº de varillas = 3.30
 𝐍º 𝐝𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐬 = 𝟒
5"
 Usar: 4 𝜙 ... (4 × 1.978 = 7.912 𝑐𝑚2 )
8
8. Cuantía:
𝝆 > 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛.
As 14
>
b × d f′y
7.912 cm2 14
>
40 cm × 65 cm 4200
𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒 > 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑 … conforme

REFUERZO DE CARGA INFERIOR

𝑨𝒔 − 𝑨𝒔 −
−𝑨𝒔 = ~ ≥ 𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏.
𝟑 𝟐
7.912 cm2
≥ 0.003 × 40 cm × 65cm
2
3.956 cm2 ≥ 7.8 cm2
𝟓"
 Como:𝐴𝑠 < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛. … Usar: 𝟒 𝝓
𝟖

DISEÑO POR CORTE

𝑽𝟏𝒖 = (𝑾𝒏𝒖 − 𝑾𝒗𝒖)(𝒕𝟏 + 𝒅) − 𝑷𝟏𝒖
tn tn
V1u = (30.72 − 0.74 ) (0.15 m + 0.65 m) − 32.90 tn
m m
𝐕𝟏𝐮 = −𝟖. 𝟗𝟐 𝐭𝐧

𝑽𝟐𝒖 = (𝑾𝒏𝒖 − 𝑾𝒗𝒖)𝑺 − 𝑷𝟏𝒖

tn tn
V2u = (30.72 − 0.74 )1.30 m − 32.90 tn
m m
𝑽𝟐𝒖 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟕𝟒 𝒕𝒏

𝑽𝒖
𝑽𝒏 =
𝝓
6.074 tn
Vn =
0.85
 𝐕𝐧 = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟓 𝐭𝐧

𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑 × √𝒇′𝒄 × 𝒃 × 𝒅
Vc = 0.53 × √210 × 10 × 0.4 × 0.65
𝐕𝐜 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟗𝟕 𝐭𝐧

 Usar estribo de 𝜙 3"/8 @ 0.25

DISEÑO DE ZAPATA EXTERIOR

𝑹𝒏𝒖
𝑾𝒏𝒖 =
𝑻
39.93 tn
Wnu =
3.00 m
𝐭𝐧
𝐖𝐧𝐮 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟏
𝐦

𝒍𝒗𝟐
𝑴𝒖𝒎á𝒙. = 𝑾𝒏𝒖 ×
𝟐
tn (1.43 m)2
Mumáx. = 13.31 ×
m 2
𝐌𝐮𝐦á𝐱. = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟔𝟏 𝐭𝐧. 𝐦

𝑴𝒖 = 𝝓 × 𝒇′ 𝒄 × 𝒃 × 𝒅𝟐 × 𝒘 × (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗𝒘)
𝑓′𝑦
𝑤 =𝜌×
𝑓′𝑐
4200
𝑤 = 0.004 ×
210
𝑤 = 0.08

13.61 × 105 = 0.9 × 210 × 130 × d2 × 0.08 × (1 − 0.59(0.08))

 13.61 × 105
d=√
kg
0.9 × 210 × 130 cm × 0.08(1 − 0.59(0.08))
cm2

𝐝 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟗𝟔 𝐜𝐦

DISEÑO POR CORTE

𝑽𝒖𝒅 = 𝑾𝒏𝒖(𝒍𝒗 − 𝒅)
tn
Vud = 13.31 (1.43 m − 0.2696 m)
m
𝐕𝐮𝐝 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟒𝟒 𝐭𝐧

𝑽𝒖
𝑽𝒏 =
𝝓
15.44 tn
Vn =
0.85
𝐕𝐧 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟏𝟔 𝐭𝐧

𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑 × √𝒇′𝒄 × 𝒃 × 𝒅
Vc = 0.53 × √210 × 10 × 0.4 × 0.27
𝐕𝐜 = 𝟖. 𝟑𝟎 𝐭𝐧

DISEÑO POR FLEXIÓN

𝑴𝒖𝒎á𝒙.
𝑨𝒔 = 𝒂
𝝓 × 𝒇′ 𝒚(𝒅 − 𝟐)

13.61 × 105
As =
26.96
0.9 × 4200(26.96 − 10 )

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐

𝑨𝒔 × 𝒇′𝒚
𝒂=
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝒇′𝒄 × 𝒃
15.84 × 4200
a=
0.85 × 210 × 130
𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟔𝟕 𝐜𝐦
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟓𝟑 𝐜𝐦
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟎𝟏𝟗 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟑𝟕 𝐜𝐦
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝐚 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟑𝟔 𝐜𝐦 … conforme

CALCULO DE ACERO
9. Hallar la cuantía
𝟎. 𝟕√𝒇′ 𝒄
𝝆 𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
𝒇𝒚

0.7√210 kg/cm2
ρ min =
4200 kg/cm2

ρ min = 0.0033

ACERO LONGITUDINAL
10. Área de acero
𝑨𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝝆 𝒎𝒊𝒏 × 𝑺 × 𝑯

As min = 0.0033 × 130 cm × 26.96 cm

𝐀𝐬 𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟕 𝐜𝐦𝟐

11. Número de varillas: (1/2”)

𝑨𝒔
𝑵𝒗 =
𝑨𝝓

11.57 cm2
Nv =
1.267 cm2

𝐍𝐯 = 𝟗. 𝟏𝟑

 Se usaran 10 varillas

12. Calcular la separación (s’):

𝑺 − 𝟐𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒖. −𝝓
𝒔′ =
𝑵𝒗 − 𝟏
130 cm − 2(7.5 cm) − 1.27cm
s′ =
10 − 1
 s′ = 12.63 cm
𝐬′ = 𝟏𝟑 𝐜𝐦

Se usará: 10 ∅ 1"/2 @ 13 cm

ACERO TRANVERSAL
13. Área de acero
𝑨𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝝆 𝒎𝒊𝒏 × 𝑻 × 𝑯

As min = 0.0033 × 300 cm × 26.96 cm

𝐀𝐬 𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟔𝟗 𝐜𝐦𝟐

14. Número de varillas: (3/4”)

𝑨𝒔
𝑵𝒗 =
𝑨𝝓

26.69 cm2
Nv =
2.85 cm2

𝐍𝐯 = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟔

 Se usaran 10 varillas

𝑻 − 𝟐𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒖. −𝝓
𝒔′ =
𝑵𝒗 − 𝟏
300 cm − 2(7.5 cm) − 1.91cm
s′ =
10 − 1
s ′ = 31.5 cm
𝐬′ = 𝟑𝟐 𝐜𝐦

Se usará: 10 ∅ 3"/4 @ 32 cm
DISEÑO DE ZAPATA INTERIOR
𝑷𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒄. = −𝑷𝟐 − 𝑷𝟏 − 𝑾𝒗 × 𝑳 + 𝑹𝒏
Pefec. = −28.26 − 25.29 − 0.62 × 4.325 + 30.82
𝐏𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜. = −𝟐𝟓. 𝟒𝟏 𝐭𝐧

𝑷𝒖𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒄. = −𝑷𝟐𝒖 − 𝑷𝟏𝒖 − 𝑾𝒗𝒖 × 𝑳 + 𝑹𝒏𝒖

Puefec. = −37.16 − 32.90 − 0.74 × 4.325 + 39.93
𝐏𝐮𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐜. = −𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐭𝐧

𝑷𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒄.
𝑨𝒛𝒂𝒑. =
𝒒𝒏𝒆𝒕𝒐
25.41 tn
Azap. = tn
8.00 2
m
𝐀𝐳𝐚𝐩. = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟕 𝐦𝟐

𝒕𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
𝑺 = (√𝑨𝒛𝒂𝒑. ) −
𝟐
0.40 m − 0.15 m
S = (√3.17 m2 ) −
2
𝐒 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟓 𝐦

𝒕𝟏 − 𝒕𝟐
𝑻 = (√𝑨𝒛𝒂𝒑. ) +
𝟐

0.40 m − 0.15 m
T = (√3.17 m2 ) +
2
𝐓 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟎 𝐦

 La zapata será:1.65 m x 1.90 m

𝑷𝒖𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒄.
𝑾𝒏𝒖. =
𝑨𝒛𝒂𝒑.
33.33 tn
Wnu = tn
3.14 2
m
 𝐖𝐧𝐮 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟏 𝐦𝟐

𝒍𝒗𝟐
𝑴𝒖𝒎á𝒙. = 𝑾𝒏𝒖 ×
𝟐
tn (0.75 m)2
Mumáx. = (10.61 × 1.65 m) ×
m 2
𝐌𝐮𝐦á𝐱. = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟐 𝐭𝐧. 𝐦

𝑴𝒖 = 𝝓 × 𝒇′ 𝒄 × 𝒃 × 𝒅𝟐 × 𝒘 × (𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗𝒘)
𝑓′𝑦
𝑤 =𝜌×
𝑓′𝑐
4200
𝑤 = 0.004 ×
210
𝑤 = 0.08

4.92 × 105 = 0.9 × 210 × 165 × d2 × 0.08 × (1 − 0.59(0.08))

4.92 × 105
d=√
kg
0.9 × 210 × 165 cm × 0.08(1 − 0.59(0.08))
cm2

𝐝 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟗 𝐜𝐦

VERIFICACIÓN POR PUNZONAMIENTO

𝑽𝒖𝒅 = 𝑷𝒖𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒄. −𝑾𝒏𝒖(𝒎)(𝒏)
0.14
m = 0.75 + 0.15 +
2
𝐦 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕 𝐦

n = 0.4 + 0.14
𝐧 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒 𝐦

tn
Vud = 33.33 tn − 10.61 (0.97 m)(0.54 m)
m2
𝐕𝐮𝐝 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟕𝟕 𝐭𝐧
 𝑽𝒖
𝑽𝒏 =
𝝓
27.77 tn
Vn =
0.85
𝐕𝐧 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟔𝟕 𝐭𝐧

𝒃𝒐 = 𝟐𝒎 + 𝒏
bo = 2(0.97 m) + 0.54 m
𝐛𝐨 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟖

𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑 × √𝒇′𝒄 × 𝒃𝒐 × 𝒅
Vc = 0.53 × √210 × 10 × 2.48 × 0.14
𝐕𝐜 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟖𝟎 𝐭𝐧

VERIFICACIÓN POR CORTE

𝑽𝒖𝒅 = (𝑾𝒏𝒖 × 𝒍)(𝒍𝒗 − 𝒅)
Vud = (10.61 × 1.65)(0.75 − 0.14)
𝐕𝐮𝐝 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟖 𝐭𝐧

𝑽𝒖
𝑽𝒏 =
𝝓
10.68 tn
Vn =
0.85
𝐕𝐧 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟓𝟔 𝐭𝐧

𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟑 × √𝒇′𝒄 × 𝒃 × 𝒅
Vc = 0.53 × √210 × 10 × 1.65 × 0.14
𝐕𝐜 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟐𝟒 𝐭𝐧

DISEÑO POR FLEXIÓN

 𝑴𝒖𝒎á𝒙.
𝑨𝒔 = 𝒂
𝝓 × 𝒇′ 𝒚(𝒅 − 𝟐)

4.92 × 105
As =
14.39
0.9 × 4200(14.39 − 10 )

𝐀𝐬 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝐜𝐦𝟐

𝑨𝒔 × 𝒇′𝒚
𝒂=
𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 × 𝒇′𝒄 × 𝒃
10.05 × 4200
a=
0.85 × 210 × 165
𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟑 𝐜𝐦

𝑨𝒔 = 𝟗. 𝟓𝟏𝟗 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟕 𝐜𝐦

𝑨𝒔 = 𝟗. 𝟒𝟗𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟒 𝐜𝐦
𝑨𝒔 = 𝟗. 𝟒𝟗𝟐 𝒄𝒎𝟐 𝐚 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓𝟒 𝐜𝐦 … conforme

CALCULO DE ACERO
15. Hallar la cuantía
𝟎. 𝟕√𝒇′ 𝒄
𝝆 𝒎𝒊𝒏 =
𝒇𝒚

0.7√210 kg/cm2
ρ min =
4200 kg/cm2

ρ min = 0.0033

ACERO LONGITUDINAL
16. Área de acero
𝑨𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝝆 𝒎𝒊𝒏 × 𝑺 × 𝑯

As min = 0.0033 × 165 cm × 14.39 cm

𝐀𝐬 𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟕. 𝟖𝟒 𝐜𝐦𝟐

17. Número de varillas: (1/2”)

 𝑨𝒔
𝑵𝒗 =
𝑨𝝓

7.84 cm2
Nv =
1.267 cm2

𝐍𝐯 = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟎

 Se usaran 7 varillas

18. Calcular la separación (s’):

𝑺 − 𝟐𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒖. −𝝓
𝒔′ =
𝑵𝒗 − 𝟏
165 cm − 2(7.5 cm) − 1.267cm
s′ =
7−1
s ′ = 24.7 cm
𝐬′ = 𝟐𝟓 𝐜𝐦

Se usará: 7 ∅ 1"/2 @ 25 cm

ACERO TRANVERSAL
19. Área de acero
𝑨𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝝆 𝒎𝒊𝒏 × 𝑻 × 𝑯

As min = 0.0033 × 190 cm × 14.39 cm

𝐀𝐬 𝐦𝐢𝐧 = 𝟗. 𝟎𝟐 𝐜𝐦𝟐

20. Número de varillas: (1/2”)

𝑨𝒔
𝑵𝒗 =
𝑨𝝓

9.02 cm2
Nv =
1.267 cm2

𝐍𝐯 = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟐

 Se usaran 8 varillas
 𝑻 − 𝟐𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒖. −𝝓
𝒔′ =
𝑵𝒗 − 𝟏
190 cm − 2(7.5 cm) − 1.267cm
s′ =
8−1
s ′ = 24.8 cm
𝐬′ = 𝟐𝟓 𝐜𝐦

Se usará: 8 ∅ 1"/2 @ 25 cm