DISEÑO DE ZAPATA DE HORMIGON ARMADO

Caracteristicas de los Materiales:

f'c = 210 [kg/cm2] (Resistencia caracteristica a los 28 dias)

fy = 4200 [kg/cm2] (Resistencia a la fluencia del Acero)
γHº = 2400 [kg/m3] (Peso Especifico del Hormigon)
γS = 1800 [kg/m3] (Peso Especifico del Relleno)
P
σo= 1.2 [kg/cm2] (Capacidad portante del suelo)
M

Propiedades Geometricas:

B= 1.6 [m] Seccion Columna:

Df
L= 1.6 [m] a = 0.3 [m]
u= 0.4 [m] b = 0.5 [m] H

h
v= 0.6 [m]
B1 = 0.6 [m] L1 u L1

L1 = 0.5 [m]
B1

H= 0.5 [m]

B
b
v

h= 0.4 [m]
rec = 0.07 [m] a

d= 0.43 [m]
B1

Df = 1.5 [m]
L
Cargas:

PD = 9.21 [Tn]
PL = 5.37 [Tn]
Momento en la Dirección X-X
MD = 0.07 [Tn-m]
ML = 0.05 [Tn-m]
Momento en la Dirección Y-Y
MD = 0.06 [Tn-m]
ML = 0.05 [Tn-m]

P = 9.21 + 5.37 = 14.58 [Tn]

Mx = 0.07 + 0.05 = 0.12 [Tn-m]
My = 0.06 + 0.05 = 0.11 [Tn-m]
Calculo de la densidad promedio: γM = (γH + γS)/2

γM = (2400 + 1800)/2 = 2100 [kg/m3]

Calculo de la presión neta del Suelo: σn = σo - γM*Df

σn = 1.2 - 2100*1.5 = 0.89 [kg/cm2]

Las excentricidades de carga son: → Verificación dentro del N.C.

ex = My/P = 0.11/14.58 = 0.75 [cm] < L/6 = 26.67 [cm] ok.

ey = Mx/P = 0.12/14.58 = 0.82 [cm] < B/6 = 26.67 [cm] ok.

P  6 * ex 6 * e y 
q
Verificación de Tensiones en el Terreno: 1  < σo = 1.2 [kg/cm2]
B * L  L B 
qmax = 14.58/(1.6*1.6)*[1 + 6*0.0075/1.6 + 6*0.0082/1. 6.03 [Tn/m2] =0.603 [kg/cm2] ok

qmin = 14.58/(1.6*1.6)*[1 - 6*0.0075/1.6 - 6*0.0082/1.6 5.36 [Tn/m2] =0.536 [kg/cm2] ok

Calculo del Refuerzo de acero:

Mayoración de cargas: U = 1.4* CM + 1.7*CV

Y
Pu = 1.4*9.21 + 1.7*5.37 = 22.02 [Tn] 2 1

Mux =1.4*0.07 + 1.7*0.05 = 0.18 [Tn-m]

Muy =1.4*0.06 + 1.7*0.05 = 0.17 [Tn-m]

Las excentricidades de carga son:

B

X
ex = Muy/Pu = 0.17/22.02 = 0.77 [cm]
ey = Mux/Pu = 0.18/22.02 = 0.8 [cm]
3 4
L
Diagrama de reacciones del suelo de cimentacion bajo cargas ultimas:

1) : (x1 ; y1 ) = (L/2 ; B/2) → x1 = 0.8 [m] ; y1 = 0.8 [m]

2) : (x2 ; y2 ) = (-L/2 ; B/2) → x2 = -0.8 [m] ; y2 = 0.8 [m]
3) : (x3 ; y3 ) = (-L/2 ; -B/2)→ x3 = -0.8 [m] ; y3 = -0.8 [m]
4) : (x4 ; y4 ) = (L/2 ; -B/2) → x4 = 0.8 [m] ; y4 = -0.8 [m]
q1 = 22.02/(1.6*1.6)*[1 + 6*0.0077/1.6 + 6*0.0082/1.6] 9.11 [Tn/m2] =0.911 [kg/cm2]

q2 = 22.02/(1.6*1.6)*[1 - 6*0.0077/1.6 + 6*0.0082/1.6] = 8.62 [Tn/m2] =0.862 [kg/cm2]

q3 = 22.02/(1.6*1.6)*[1 - 6*0.0077/1.6 - 6*0.0082/1.6] = 8.09 [Tn/m2] =0.809 [kg/cm2]

q4 = 22.02/(1.6*1.6)*[1 + 6*0.0077/1.6 - 6*0.0082/1.6] = 8.59 [Tn/m2] =0.859 [kg/cm2]

Y
Verificacion al corte: b

SECCION CRITICA A CORTE

Según la direccion X-X:
d

B
qa = (9.11 + 8.59)/2 = 8.85 [Tn/m2] c a
X
qc = (8.62 + 8.09)/2 = 8.36 [Tn/m2]

d
SECCION CRITICA A CORTE

x = L1 - d + (u - a)/2 = 0.12 [m] d

L

 L  x
q x  q c   qa  qc  *  
 L 
qx = 8.81 [Tn/m2]
d

q q 
Q   x a  *x*B
 2 
x
Q= 1.7 [Tn] qc
qa
Q qx
Esfuerzo cortante:  u 
Ø* B *d

Ø= 0.85

νu = 1700/(0.85*160*43) = 0.29 [kg/cm2]

Esfuerzo de corte admisible:  c  0.5 * f 'c

νc = 7.25 [kg/cm2] > 0.29 [kg/cm2] ok

Según dirección Y-Y:

qb = (9.11 + 8.62)/2 = 8.87 [Tn/m2]
qd = (8.09 + 8.59)/2 = 8.34 [Tn/m2]

y = B1 - d + (v - b)/2 = 0.22 [m]

 B  y
q y  qd   qb  qd  *  
 B 

qy = 8.8 [Tn/m3]
  q y  qb 
Q  *y*L
 2 

Q= 3.11 [Tn]

Q
Esfuerzo cortante:  u 
Ø* L *d

Ø= 0.85

νu = 3110/(0.85*160*43) = 0.53 [kg/cm2]

Esfuerzo de corte admisible:  c  0.5 * f 'c

νc = 7.25 [kg/cm2] > 0.53 [kg/cm2] ok

Verificacion al Punzonamiento: Y

qp = 9.11 [Tn/m2] dy

dx = L1 -d/2 +(u-a)/2 = 0.34 [m]

d/2
B

dy = B1 -d/2 + (v-b)/2 = 0.44 [m] dx X

d/2

bx = L - 2 *dx = 0.92 [m] PUNZONAMIENTO

by = B - 2*dy = 0.72 [m]

L

bo = 2*bx + 2*by = 3.28 [m]

Vu = qp*(L*B -bx*by) = 17.29 [Tn]

Vu
Esfuerzo por Punzonamiento:  u 
Ø * bo * d

Ø= 0.85

νu = 17290/(0.85*328*43) = 1.442 [kg/cm2]

Esfuerzo resistente a punzonamiento: c  106

. * f 'c

νc = 15.36 [kg/cm2] > 1.442 [kg/cm2] ok

Diseño a flexión:

Diseño a flexion en la dirección X-X: (b = 100 [m])

qa = 8.85 [Tn/m2] Y
qc = 8.36 [Tn/m2]

SECCION CRITICA A FLEXION

 2 * L1  u  a 
mx  qc   qa  qc  *  
 2* L 

B
mx = 8.62 [Tn/m2] X
SECCION CRITICA A FLEXION
du = L1 + (u-a)/2 = 0.55 [m]

mx * du 2 1 2
Mu   *(qa  mx ) * * du 2
2 2 3 L

Mu = 1.33 [Tn-m]

Calculo de la cuantia necesaria:

f 'c  2.36 * Mu  x
 nec  1  1   qc
. * fy 
118 0.9 * f ' c * b * d 2  qa
mx

f 'c = 210 [kg/cm2]

fy = 4200 [kg/cm2]

Calculando tenemos

ρnec = 0.00019

14 → ρmin = 14/4200 = 0.00333

 min 
fy
Cuantia balanceada:

f ' c  6090 
 b  0.85 *  1 *  
fy  6090  fy 

ρb = 0.02138

Donde:
1 
1470  f ' c
1470

; para; f ' c  280 Kg / cm 2 

 1  0.85; para; f ' c  280 Kg / cm 2 

ρmax =0.75* ρb ρmax = 0.75*0.02138 = 0.01604

Comprobando:

ρmin = 0.00333
ρmax = 0.01604
ρnec = 0.00019

0.00333 < 0.00019 < 0.01604 corregir

Cuantia Asumida: ρ = 0.00333

Acero de Refuerzo:

As = ρ*b*d = 0.00333*100*43 = 14.32 [cm2]

As = 14.32 [cm2]

Usando barras de Ø 16 [mm] → As = 2.01 [cm2] ( una barra )

No barras = 14.32/2.01 = 7.12 → Nº b = 7 → As neto = 14.07 [cm2]

Separación :S = 100/7 = 14.29 → S = 14 [cm] (Adoptado)

Disponer constructivamente Refuerzo:Usar Ø 16 mm c/14 cm

Diseño a flexion en la dirección Y-Y: (b = 100 [m])

qb = 8.87 [Tn/m2]
qd = 8.34 [Tn/m2]

 2 * B1  v  b 
my  qd   qb  qd  *  
 2*B 

mx = 8.72 [Tn/m2]
dv = B1 + (v-b)/2 = 0.65 [m]

my * dv 2 1 2
Mu   *(qb  my ) * * dv 2
2 2 3

Mu = 1.86 [Tn-m]
Calculo de la cuantia necesaria:

f 'c  2.36 * Mu 
 nec  1  1  
. * fy 
118 0.9 * f ' c * b * d 2 

f 'c = 210 [kg/cm2]

fy = 4200 [kg/cm2]
Calculando tenemos

ρnec = 0.00027

Comprobando:

ρmin = 0.00333
ρmax = 0.00027
ρnec = 0.00019

0.00333 < 0.00019 < 0.00027 corregir

Cuantia Asumida: ρ = 0.00333

Acero de Refuerzo:

As = ρ*b*d = 0.00333*100*43 = 14.32 [cm2]

As = 14.32 [cm2]

Usando barras de Ø 16 [mm] → As = 2.01 [cm2] ( una barra )

No barras = 14.32/2.01 = 7.12 → Nº b = 7 → As neto = 14.07 [cm2]

Separación :S = 100/7 = 14.29 → S = 14 [cm] (Adoptado)

Disponer constructivamente Refuerzo:Usar Ø 16 mm c/14 cm

Armadura por Temperatura: At  0.0018 * b * h

At = 0.0018*100*43 = 7.74 [cm2]

At = 7.74 [cm2]

Usando barras de Ø10 [mm] → As = 0.79 [cm2] ( una barra )

No barras = 7.74/0.79 = 9.8 → Nº b = 10 → As neto = 7.9 [cm²]

Separación :S = 100/10 = 10 → S = 10 [cm]

Disponer constructivamente Refuerzo:Usar Ø 10 mm c/10 cm

8.67
0.54 9.21
5.37