Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Deber semanal
Alexander Guerrero
Nicolas Jácome
Jefferson Albuja
supervised by
Ing.Richard Bérnis
28 de junio de 2016
2
2.5 Ejercicios
En los ejercicios 1 a 6, resuelva la ecuación Ax = b usando la factorización LU dada para
A. En los ejercicios 1 y 2, resuelva también Ax = b por reducción ordinaria de columnas.
3 −7 −2 −7
1. A = −3 5
1 b= 5
6 −4 0 2
1 0 0 3 −7 −2
. A = −1 1 0 0 −2 −1
2 −5 1 0 0 −1
3 −7 −2 −7 3 −7 −2 −7 3 −7 0 −19
[U y] = 0 −2 −1 −2 ∼ 0 −2 −1 −2 ∼ 0 −2 0 −8
0 0 −1 6 0 0 1 −6 0 0 −1 6
3 −7 0 −19 3 0 0 9 1 0 0 3
0 1 0 4 ∼ 0 1 0 4 ∼ 0 1 0 4
0 0 1 6 0 0 1 −6 0 0 1 −6
Entonces x = 3 4 −6
4 3 −5 2
2. A = −4 5 7 b = −4
8 6 −8 6
1 0 0 4 3 −5
. A = −1 1 0 0 −2 2
2 0 1 0 0 2
4 3 −5 −2 4 3 −5 2 4 3 0 7
[U y] = 0 −2 2 −2 ∼ 0 −2 2 −2 ∼ 0 −2 0 −4
0 0 2 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 6
1 0 0 41
4 3 0 7 4 0 0 1
0 1 0 2 ∼ 0 1 0 2 ∼ 0 1 0 2
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
1
Entonces x = 4
2 1
2 −1 2 1
3. A = −6 0 −2 b = 0
8 −1 5 4
3
1 0 0 2 −1 2
. A = −3 1 0 0 −3 4
4 −1 1 0 0 1
2 −1 2 1 2 −1 0 −5 2 −1 0 −5
[U y] = 0 −3 4 3 ∼ 0 −3 0 −9 ∼ 0 1 0 3
0 0 1 3 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 3
2 0 0 −2
∼ 0 1 0 3
0 0 1 3
Entonces x = −1 3 3
2 −2 4 0
4. A = 1 −3 1 b = −5
3 7 5 7
1 0 0
1 2 −2 4
. A = 2
1 0
0 −2 −1
3
0 0 −6
−5 1
2
2 −2 4 0 2 −2 4 0 2 −2 0 −12
[U y] = 0 −2 −1 −5 ∼ 0 −2 −1 −5 ∼ 0 −2 0 −2
0 0 −6 −18 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 3
2 −2 0 −12 2 0 0 −10 1 0 0 −5
0 1 0 1 ∼ 0 1 0 1 ∼ 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 3 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 3
Entonces x = −5 1 3
1 −2 −4 −3 1
2 −7 −7 −6 7
5. A =
−1 2
b=
6 4 0
−4 −1 9 8 3
1 0 0 0 1 −2 −4 −3
2 1 0 0 0 −3 1 0
. A=
−1
0 1 0 0 0 2 1
−4 3 −5 1 0 0 0 1
4
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
2 1 0 0 7 0 1 0 0 5
[U y] =
−1
∼
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
−4 3 −5 1 3 0 3 −5 1 7
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 5
∼ 0
∼
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 −5 1 −8 0 0 0 1 −3
Entonces x = 1 5 1 −3
1 3 4 0 1
−3 −6 −7 2 −2
6. A = b=
3 3 0 −4 −1
−5 −3 2 9 2
1 0 0 0 1 3 4 0
−3 1 0 0 0 3 5 2
. A=
3 −2 1
0 0 0 −2 0
−5 4 −1 1 0 0 0 1
1 3 4 0 1 1 3 4 0 1
0 3 5 2 1 0 3 5 0 −1
[U y] = ∼
0 0 −2 0 −2 0 0 −2 0 −2
0 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
1 3 4 0 1 1 3 0 0 −3
0 3 5 0 −1 0
3 0 0 −6
∼
0 ∼
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
1 3 0 0 −3 1 0 0 0 3
0 1 0 0 −2 0
0 0 0 −2
∼0 ∼
0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
Entonces x = 3 −2 1 1
5
6 9
8.
4 5
6 9 6 9
A= ∼ =U
4 5 0 −1
1 0
L= 2
3
1
3 −1 2
9. −3 −2 10
9 −5 6
3 −1 2 3 −1 2 3 −1 2
A = −3 −2 10 ∼ 0 −3 12 ∼ 0 −3 12 = U
9 −5 6 0 −2 0 0 0 −8
4 0 2
L = −1 1 12
2
3 1
3
−5 3 4
10. 10 −8 −9
15 1 2
−5 3 4 −5 3 4 −5 3 4
A = 10 −8 −9 ∼ 0 −2 −1 ∼ 0 −2 −1 = U
15 1 2 0 10 14 0 0 9
1 0 0
L = −2 1 0
−3 −5 1
3 −6 3
11. 6 −7 2
−1 7 0
3 −6 3 3 −6 3 3 −6 3
A = 6 −7 2 ∼ 0 5 −4 ∼ 0 5 −4 = U
−1 7 0 0 5 1 0 0 5
6
1 0 0
L = 2 1 0
−1
1 1
3
2 −4 2
12. 1 5 −4
−6 −2 4
2 −4 2 2 −4 2 2 −4 2
A= 1 5 −4 ∼ 0 7 −5 ∼ 0 7 −5 = U
−6 −2 4 −6 −14 10 0 0 0
1 0 0
1
L= 1 0
2
−3 −2 1
1 3 −5 3
−1 −5 8 4
13.
4 2 −5 −7
−2 −4 7 5
1 3 −5 3 1 3 −5 −3 1 3 −5 −3
−1 −5 8 4 ∼ 0 −2 3 1 ∼ 0 −2 3 1
A= =U
4 2 −5 −7 0 −10 15 5 0 0 0 0
−2 −4 7 5 0 2 −3 −1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
−1 1 0 0
L=
4
5 1 0
−2 −1 0 1
1 4 −1 5
3 7 −2 9
14.
−2 −3 1 −4
−1 6 −1 7
1 4 −1 5 1 4 −1 5 1 4 −1 5
3 7 −2 9
∼ 0 −5 1 −6 ∼ 0 −5 1 −6 = U
A=
−2 −3 1 −4 0 5 −1 6 0 0 0 0
−1 6 −1 7 0 10 −2 12 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
3 1 0 0
L=
−2 −1 1
0
−1 −2 0 1
7
2 −4 4 −2
15. 6 −9 7 −3
−1 −4 8 0
2 −4 4 −2 2 −4 4 −2 2 −4 4 −2
A = 6 −9 7 −3 ∼ 0 3 −5 3 ∼ 0 3 −5 3 = U
−1 −4 8 0 0 −6 10 −1 0 0 0 5
1 0 0
L = 3 1 0
1
−2 1
2
2 −6 6
−4 5 −7
16.
3 5 −1
−6 4 −8
8 −3 9
2 −6 6 2 −6 6 2 −6 6
−4 5 −7 0 −7
0 −7 5
5
3
A= 5 −1 ∼ 0 14 −10 ∼ 0 0 0 = U
−6 4 −8 0 −14 10 0 0 0
8 −3 9 0 21 −15 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
−2 1 0 0 0
3
L= −2 1 0 0
2
−3 2 0 1 0
4 −3 0 0 1
1 0 0 4 3 −5
L = −1
1 0 ,U = 0
−2 2
2 0 1 0 0 2
1 3 1 1 3 1
4 8 4 8 8 4
1 0 0
−1 1 −3 −1 1
A−1 = U −1 L−1 =
1 1 0 =
0
2 2 −2 0 1
2
2 2
1 1
0 0 −1 0
2 2
8
1 0 0 2 −1 2
L = −3 1 0 , U = 0 −3 4
4 −1 1 0 0 1
−1 −1 −1 −1
1 1
2 6 3
3
2 3
1 0 0
A−1 = U −1 L−1 = 0
−1 3 1 0 = −7
4 −1 4
3 3 −1 1 1 3 2 3
0 0 1 −1 1 1
2 −4 −2 3 2 −4 −2 3 2 −4 −2 3
6
−9 −5 8
0 3
1 −1 0 3
1 −1
2
A= −7 −3 9 ∼ 0 −3 −1 6 ∼ 0 0
0 5
4 −2 −2 −1 0 6 2 −7 0 0 0 −5
−6 3 1 4 0 −9 −3 13 0 0 0 10
1 0 0 0 0
3 1 0 0 0
L = 1 −1 1 0
0
2 2 −1 1 0
−3 3 2 0 1
20.(Factorización de rango.) Suponga que una matriz A admite una factorización A = CD,
donde C es de m × 4 y D de 4 × n.
a. Demuestre que A es la suma de cuatro productos exteriores.
T
d1
d2 T T T T T
A = CD = c1 c2 c3 c4 d3 T = c1 d1 + c2 d2 + c3 d3 + c4 d4
d4 T
1 0 0
1
D = 0 0
2
1
0 0
3
Cuando
A2 = (P DP −1 )(P DP −1 ) = P DIDP −1 = P D2 P − 1
Entonces
1 0 0
1
A2 = P 0 2k 0 P −1
1
0 0
3k
22. Diseñe dos redes en escalera diferentes con salida de 9 volts y 4 amperes cuando la
entrada sea de 12 volts y 6 amperes.
1 −R1 12 − 6R1
−1 (R1 + R2 ) 12 9
= (−12 + 6R1 + 6R2 ) =
6 4
R2 R2 R2
Ahora tenemos
(R1 + R2 ) (12R1 + 12R2 )
−R2
R1 R1 − 6R2
12 9
= =
6 4
−1 −12
1
R1 R1 + 6
4
3 −12
b. Sea A = −1 3 Diseñe una red en escalera cuya matriz de transferencia sea A en-
3
4
contrando una factorización matricial apropiada de A.
(R1 + R2 )
1 0 1 −R
1 0 −R2
−1 2 −1 =
R1
1 0 1 1 (R1 + R2 + R3 ) (R2 + R3 )
R3 R1 −
R3 R3
Entonces
1 0 1 −R 1 0
2
A = −1 −1
1 0 1 1
R3 R1
" # " #
1 0 1 −12 1 0
A= −1 −1
1 0 1 1
6 36
25. Encuentre una factorización diferente de la A del ejercicio 24, y a partir de ella diseñe
una red en escalera distinta cuya matriz de transferencia sea A.
Desarrollo
(R2 + R3 ) (R2 + R3 )
4
−R3 −
R2 R2 3 −12
=
1 (R1 + R2 ) 1
− − 3
R2 R2 4